Cyber Militias

In August 2008, the Russian Army invaded georgia. numerous, coordinated cyber attacks accompanied the military campaign. this represents the first instance of a large-scale computer network attack (CNA) conducted in tandem with major ground combat operations. The attack had no direct connection to the Russian government, but had a significant informational and psychological impact on Georgia: it effectively isolated the Caucasus state from the outside world.

Political hackers and cyber militias have begun to play an increasingly significant role in cyber conflict. Non-state actors, hacktivist groups and patriotic hackers often participate in online hacking battles based on political, ideological or patriotic considerations. These groups, however, lack the legal, moral and ethical constraints often imposed on state-controlled entities. This lack of constraint could lead to the escalation of state-on-state conflicts and may inadvertently drive hostilities toward what Clausewitz would deem as total war in the cyberspace domain. It is with this in mind that western-style democracies, which are often reticent to make use of cyber militias and patriotic hackers, should begin to explore acceptable models to legitimately harness and employ such groups for limited cyber operations. Such usage could introduce needed constraints on these groups and could also prove to be a significant force multiplier in a domain where government and military organizations often suffer from limited human resources. This paper will explore several models for incorporating patriotic hackers and civilian technicians into militia-like organizations and integrating these types of organizations into a state’s cyber operations.

Recent cyberattacks, such as those carried out against Estonia and Georgia, have grayed the line between political hackers and legitimate combatants involved in cyberconflicts. There has been fierce debate as to whether these attacks are the independent acts of politically motivated individuals and groups or the strategic acts of states using covert methods to direct such actions to achieve larger political objectives. These attacks lead to many important questions but have yet to be answered in the international community. Under international agreements, can a computer attack truly be claimed as an armed attack? Are participants in these cyberattacks legitimate combatants, or are they merely politically motivated individuals who are breaking the law and should thus be treated as criminals under existing international agreements? This article explores these issues, the possible benefits and drawbacks of such actions, and the ramifications such cybermilitias might have on the current and future state of cyberconflicts.

Military & National Guard Loyalty and Oath of Office, & MILITAR Y GUARDIA NACIONAL DE EE UU & 美国军事和国民警卫队
https://donmashakshennepincountymnfreepressnews.wordpress.com/2022/02/11/us-military-national-guard-militar-y-guardia-nacional-de-ee-uu-%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%86%9b%e4%ba%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%9b%bd%e6%b0%91%e8%ad%a6%e5%8d%ab%e9%98%9f/

Political hackers and cyber militias have begun to play an increasingly significant role in cyber conflict. Non-state actors, hacktivist groups and patriotic hackers often participate in online hacking battles based on political, ideological or patriotic considerations. These groups, however, lack the legal, moral and ethical constraints often imposed on state-controlled entities. This lack of constraint could lead to the escalation of state-on-state conflicts and may inadvertently drive hostilities toward what Clausewitz would deem as total war in the cyberspace domain. It is with this in mind that western-style democracies, which are often reticent to make use of cyber militias and patriotic hackers, should begin to explore acceptable models to legitimately harness and employ such groups for limited cyber operations. Such usage could introduce needed constraints on these groups and could also prove to be a significant force multiplier in a domain where government and military organizations often suffer from limited human resources. This paper will explore several models for incorporating patriotic hackers and civilian technicians into militia-like organizations and integrating these types of organizations into a state?s cyber operations.