Cow’s milk

Prostate cancer is a difficult disease that is slowly grow in the first 5-10 years that can start any part of the prostate gland, then grow rapidly and spread to other organs. In 2014 the 10 most common male cancer in Turkey ranking of prostate cancer into second place after lung cancer, it is in second place in the ranking of all age groups. In this review, it is aimed to explain the effect of cow milk consumption on the course of disease and the effect of cancer cell development. In addition, the relationship between the incidence of prostate cancer and the mortality rate were questioned. Potentially thought to be related to milk-prostate cancer, calcium, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), milk-induced miRNAs that weaken the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) signal, and increased mTORC1 signaling with high cow milk consumption have been described. Recent results suggest that milk consumption in childhood is not associated with prostate cancer risk, and that milk consumption in adulthood may have a biological basis. According to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), evidence on milk and dairy products has been reported as limited-thought-provoking and emphasized that milk and dairy products cause an increased risk of prostate cancer. Removal of miRNAs from cow's milk from the human food chain, restriction of cow's milk intake during mTORC1-dependent phases of prostate development
and differentiation, and dietary interventions in the direction of attenuating mTORC1 signals can be applied as prophylaxis of prostate cancer prevention.

Introduction: There are various virulence factors encoded by Staphylococcus Aureus, which enable them to cause nosocomial infections and mastitis in dairy cattle. The clf-A gene mediates the bacterial colonization through binding to the extracellular matrix of the host. Treatment of such infections becomes more difficult due to increased resistance to methicillin. The current study aimed at investigating the frequency of clf-A, mec-A, and mec-C genes in S. Aureus strains isolated from hospital infections and cow’s milk.
Methods: A total of 280 clinical samples as well as 100 milk samples from cattle with mastitis were collected. After identification of isolates, methicillin-resistant strains were identifies using agar screening and the cefoxitin disc diffusion test. In addition, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of oxacillin was determined using the E-test method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect clf-A, mec-A, and mec-C genes in the methicillin-resistant isolates. Out of 120 S. Aureus strains isolated from nosocomial infections, 40 were identified as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), while only 1 isolate from cow’s milk was MRSA.
Results: Out of the 280 studied isolates, 35 clinical strains (87.5%) carried mec-A gene, and the frequency of clf-A gene was 80% and 100% in clinical and bovine milk samples, respectively. Importantly, MRSA strains harbouring clf-A gene, isolated from wound samples, exhibited the highest frequency. The mec-C gene was not found in clinical and milk isolated strains. The high frequency of clf-A gene in MRSA strains isolated from wound indicated a probable role of this virulence factor in skin colonization, as well as distribution and spread of the strains.
Conclusion: Development of an appropriate method seems to be particularly useful for preventing the distribution of such strains.