Conlict Management

Recent developments in Yemen demonstrate growing proxy wars between the regional powers: Saudi Arabia and Iran. This type of conflict relies on warfare in neighboring countries instead of direct combats with the enemy. In fact, the alternative conflicts avoid disastrous consequences of conventional war and they put pressure on opponents. The polarization between the two geopolitical blocks is evident especially in the context of rivalry between different political factions supported by Teheran or Riyadh. Besides, all sides involved in the conflict try to dominate on the Yemeni political scene and the Middle East. However, the analysis presented in the paper demonstrates that the conflict in Yemen creates various threats for the stability of the Gulf and worldwide security.

Claimants and industry professionals frequently view conflict that arises in the course of a native title claim as a detriment to timely claims resolution. I argue instead that disputation itself may constitute an integrative social process through which participants define, delimit and reproduce community. I show also how ethnographic analysis of disputation can provide useful insights into broader social and cultural practices and normative value systems. Drawing on theoretical and methodological concerns with human agency and the integrative and constitutive role of conflict that challenge consensus models of community, I develop a practice-centred approach that is attentive to the ways that participants in a dispute articulate and contest the definition of community. The possibility of viewing 'culture' and group cohesion as contingent and emergent through disputation should assist anthropologists working in the native title field to incorporate conflict as a productive aspect of social and cultural practice.

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Konflik adalah sebuah situasi yang sifatnya inheren didalam kehidupan manusia. Namun konflik yang berulang, terlebih yang dipenuhi dengan kekerasan serta kekejaman, akan membuat pihak-pihak yang terlibat didalamnya cenderung rawan untuk mengembangkan perasaan victimization (menjadi korban). Perasaan ini akan membuat mereka mengembangkan perilaku serta pendapat tertentu terhadap pihak yang menjadi lawan mereka didalam konflik tersebut. Ketika mereka terkena sindrom ini, maka hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap banyak hal, dan pada gilirannya juga akan berpengaruh terhadap jalannya konflik serta proses rekonsiliasi yang hendak dicapai. Memahami mengapa perasaan ini bisa timbul, apa manfaat yang diperoleh dari perasaan tersebut baik secara individu maupun secara kolektif, serta bagaimana sindrom ini membentuk perspektif pihak-pihak yang terlibat didalam konflik yang berulang akan membantu dalam menentukan langkah apa yang sebaiknya ditempuh dan bagaimana untuk mengelola perasaan tersebut agar mampu bermanfaat bagi manajemen konflik yang sedang terjadi maupun bagi proses rekonsiliasi yang akan ditempuh.