Childhood Socialisation

The monograph introduces the concept of work, which is inherent in human being as is play. This concept of work can be understood simultaneously as a powerful means of socialisation and as a disciplining instrument. The author problematizes the dichotomy between play and work as a construct that emerged in the specific historical and geographical context of early industrialization. She introduces the educational value attributed to work and presents how this understanding of work has historically changed through different political and socio-economic circumstances. Drawing on ethnographic studies and theorising from the fields of psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, and social anthropology, the author analyses why and how preschool children participate in everyday work at home and in kindergarten. The author draws connections between children's participation in work and children's sociality and intersubjectivity as core human capacities as social beings. Preschool children are included as research participants along with adults, and by presenting their perspectives, this volume demonstrates the complexity of social life from an early age. Additionally, it provides new insights into how cultural understandings of work and play are shaped and how the relationship between work and play unfolds in children's everyday lives.

Monografija predstavi koncept dela, ki je tako kot igra lasten človeškemu bitju ter ima hkrati močan socializacijski naboj in lahko predstavlja sredstvo discipliniranja. Ob tem, da problematizira dihotomijo med igro in delom kot konstruktom, ki je plod določenega zgodovinskega in geografskega konteksta, ki izhaja iz zgodnje industrializacije, uvede tudi koncept dela kot vzgojnega ter predstavi, kako se je spreminjal skozi čas glede na različne politične, družbene in ekonomske okoliščine. Na podlagi etnografske raziskave in sodobnih znanstvenih dognanj s področja psihologije, sociologije in kulturne ter socialne antropologije avtorica podaja analizo, zakaj in kako se v vsakdanjem življenju predšolski otroci vključujejo v delovna opravila v okviru družine ter vrtčevske skupine. Vključevanje v delo avtorica naveže na otrokovo sposobnost družbenosti in intersubjektivnosti – ključni komponenti človeka kot družbenega bitja. Monografija ob bok odraslim sogovornikom postavi predšolske otroke ter s tem, ko vključi njihove perspektive, predstavi kompleksnost družbenega življenja v najzgodnejši dobi in podaja nov pogled na to, kako se oblikuje kulturno pogojeno razumevanje dela in igre ter kako se vzpostavlja odnos med njima.

Refiguring Childhood stages a series of encounters with biosocial power, which demarcates a specific zone of intensity within the more encompassing arena of biopower and biopolitics. Attentive to the contingency of childhoods – the ways in which particular childhoods are constituted and configured – the method used in the book is a transversal genealogy that moves between past and present while also crossing a series of discourses and practices framed by children’s rights (the right to play), citizenship, health, disadvantage, and entrepreneurship education. With an emphasis on the how, where and when of biosocial power, Refiguring Childhood will appeal to researchers and students interested in examining the relationship between power and childhood through the lens of social and political theory, sociology, cultural studies, history, and geography.

La parution de ce rapport à l'approche des fêtes de fin d'année s'inscrit dans une démarche pragmatique : la délégation aux droits des femmes souhaite attirer l'attention tant des professionnels de l'industrie du jouet (fabricants et distributeurs) que des parents et des acteurs du service public de l'enfance (auxiliaires de puériculture, assistants maternels, pédiatres, professeur(e)s des écoles, animateurs et animatrices des temps périscolaires) sur l'intérêt de proposer aux enfants des jouets et des jeux qui ne soient pas porteurs de messages sexistes.
L'enjeu est double :
- revenir sur l'existence d'univers de jeux séparés entre filles et garçons et préparer par les jouets une société d'égalité entre femmes et hommes ;
- faire en sorte que jouets et jeux, en eux-mêmes ou par la présentation qui en est faite, ne contribuent pas à limiter la créativité des filles.
En d'autres termes, il s'agit, dans le respect des goûts de chacun et sans méconnaître les nécessités économiques du secteur des jouets, d'élargir le champ des possibles de tous les enfants, filles et garçons, et de permettre que l'égalité et le « vivre ensemble » commencent avec les jouets.
Dans cette logique, la délégation formule dix recommandations pour faire des jouets la première initiation à l'égalité.

The aim of this field study was to investigate the hidden curriculum of school rules delimited to the moral construction of ‘the good pupil’ embedded in the system of school rules in two primary schools. According to the findings, the rule system mediates a moral construction of the good pupil to the children, and this actually includes two constructions: the benevolent fellow buddy and the well-behaved pupil. Furthermore, a picture of a final learning outcome of this hidden or implicit citizenship education of school rules emerges: the good citizen who (1) does good to others and does not harm others, (2) functions well in the society and lives by its laws and norms, and (3) takes responsibility and does her or his very best. Critical thinking and the possibility of questioning, critically discussing and abolishing explicit rules are not parts of this picture.

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...

Cet article s’intéresse aux sociabilités entre pairs d’élèves d’école élémentaire (6-11 ans) scolarisés dans des établissements composés de populations culturellement et linguistiquement hétérogènes. Il s’appuie sur les résultats de plusieurs programmes de recherche menés de 2014 à 2018 relatifs à la structuration des expériences socio-scolaires d’élèves dans un contexte de forte mixité. Les méthodes d’enquêtes par observation, entretiens et questionnaires ont été adaptées à l’âge et aux contraintes linguistiques des enfants. L’article porte dans un premier temps sur les solutions proposées par l’institution scolaire aux élèves migrants allophones et leurs effets sur les rapports sociaux entre élèves de différentes origines. Nous analysons ensuite, dans ce contexte, les relations amicales et de camaraderie entre enfants en tenant compte des variables à la fois culturelle, linguistique, de l’âge et du genre. Enfin, nous tentons de cerner le rôle des équipes éducatives quant aux relations interpersonnelles entre les élèves ainsi que dans la facilitation ou la médiation dans l’espace de socialisation qu’est l’École.

Widespread atheism in the general population is one of the defining characteristics of twentieth-century British society, yet until very recently, it has largely been unregarded by historians. This study attempts to contribute to the remedy of this omission by considering autobiographies and oral histories of non-elite atheists between 1890 and 1980. It shows that atheisation (the transition from religious belief to atheism) is principally a phenomenon of childhood and adolescence, with 80% of the sources becoming atheist by the age of twenty. The reasons the subjects gave for their irreligion were varied, of greatest significance were nearly two thirds who regarded religion as irrelevant to their lives, showing a lack of engagement with religion, its concepts and rituals. Many of these were from weakly religious or irreligious backgrounds who experienced ‘irreligious socialisation’, rendering religion irrelevant and contributed significantly to the progress of atheisation. Religious trauma, criticism of religion, personal trauma, radical politics, and rationalism accounted for similar proportions of reasons, and were mentioned by only 12–18% of sources. The potential influence of parental attitude to religion, other childhood experiences, religious education, reducing existential threat, historic events, and the social revolution of the 1960s are also considered as ‘unarticulated causes’ of the subjects’ irreligion.

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...

In this study with fourth grade elementary school students (N=110) from a school in Croatia the relationship between parenting style and the social status of the children in the formal setting of the classroom, and their interest and independence in learning activities is focused upon. The investigation makes use of a parental bonding instrument, and an inventory of family feelings to measure the former; it uses a socio-metric test and an assessment scale to he fined out by the teachers to measure the latter. It was demonstrated that parenting styles expressed through the dimensions of care-rejection and positive emotional relations significantly determine success in a child's socialization in their classroom environment. In analyzing the interpersonal relationship between the successful socialization of a child in their classroom environment and parenting style, it becomes clear that a mother's care, coupled with a father's emotional inclusion, extensively determine the success of a child's socialization in the classroom. Regarding the activity of the children at school, it may he concluded' that these aspects of parenting style have a positive influence on the development of a child's independence and degree of interest, as it pertains to their level of activity in the classroom. Analysis of parenting style points out that emotional inclusion of both parents is significant for both of these characteristics, as is the degree of mother's care, while the aspect of a father's care is important in developing a high degree of interest in a child for school activities.

Les jouets et leur mise en scène dans les espaces de commercialisation qui leur sont dédiés (magasins et catalogues notamment) sont des objets privilégiés pour l’étude des catégories de genre ; en eux se cristallise une multitude de représentations sociales liées aux rôles et identités traditionnellement associés à chaque sexe. Reproduisant un microcosme avec ses personnages, ses objets, ses activités et ses règles, les jouets fonctionnent ainsi comme première initiation des filles et des garçons à de nombreux domaines de la vie sociale tels que la maternité, la mécanique, la tenue du corps, etc. La manipulation quotidienne et dès le plus jeune âge des représentations sociales liées à la différence des sexes matérialisées dans ces objets de l’enfance permet ainsi à l’expérience ludique de devenir une véritable pédagogie active visant à construire le genre.

The popularity of multiplayer online videogames (MOVs) in the lives of young people has become a recurrent area of interest for parents and researchers. The use of these platforms has generated concerns regarding the potential negative effects on children’s personal and social development. Additionally, the ways in which players socialize through these games has raised questions concerning what are regarded as the most effective approaches to promote a constructive articulation of virtual and physical worlds. Fortnite, was created by Epic Games in 2017. It can be characterized as a social survival gaming experience and has the most remarkable use on a worldwide scale. The study reported here is a qualitative case study that explores the social dimension of the use of Fortnite and how it impacts on children’s and their parents’ perceptions regarding its use. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with Argentinian and Chilean children between 9 and 18 years of age an...