Abstract THE EFFECTS OF EXPRESSIVE ARTS ON DECISION-MAKING: SENSEMAKING IN SITUATIONS OF COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY The increase in personal and global interdependence, interconnectedness, and diversity is compelling individuals and...
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THE EFFECTS OF EXPRESSIVE ARTS ON DECISION-MAKING:
SENSEMAKING IN SITUATIONS OF COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY
The increase in personal and global interdependence, interconnectedness, and diversity is compelling individuals and organizations to make decisions in situations of escalating complexity and ambiguity. There is a need to find methods that allow individuals to make sense of complex situations where no clear way of proceeding is evident. In this dissertation, this researcher focuses on expressive arts methods to facilitate sensemaking and decision-making in situations of high complexity and ambiguity. This qualitative research is an exploration of the questions: What can we learn from high functioning people about the value of their artistic practices in helping them to make good decisions? and How can this knowledge be integrated with expressive arts coaching to help individuals and groups strengthen their own decision-making processes? The first part of this study included interviews with a diverse group of high functioning, well-adapted, successful individuals, who consistently practiced the arts. They were interviewed about how making art functioned in their lives from childhood up to the moment of the interview. The second part of this study included one group expressive arts workshop and individual expressive arts sessions designed to facilitate decision-making about specific questions brought in by the participants. All of the questions were about situations of high ambiguity where no clear path was readily identifiable, such as: (a) What is my role in the community?, (b) How can I fit more on my plate without taking anything off?, (c) What should I do next professionally?, (d) What should I look for in a future mate? and (e) How can I move forward in my art career? The research resulted in a number of important findings. From the interviews, it was found that practicing the arts played a role in five domains of the interviewees' lives. These domains were: The Self, Emotional Management, Connection to People, Connection to the World, and Creative Visualization. These five domains were visualized as a network to understand their relationships in accordance with ideas from the complex adaptive system metaphor. The issue of resistance to expressive arts methods from people unfamiliar with them was linked to the relation between the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties, which is a concern for all complex adaptive systems including individuals and organizations. In this study, the researcher helped to identify ways in which expressive arts can contribute to decision making: (a) it was observed that expressive arts allowed individuals to turn ambiguous situations into comprehended ones, explicitly in words, which permitted them to take action: either deciding something mentally and/or implementing a decision, (b) Expressive arts allowed people to manage emotions while making decisions, and (c) to manage emotions while implementing decisions. The use of expressive arts highlighted personal and environmental unfolding, emergence, agency, flow, and transience that could have been obscured by using exclusively analytical methods for sensemaking and decision-making. The encouraging findings obtained in this research call for further, extensive, and in-depth explorations of the use of expressive arts as a tool for sensemaking and decision-making—for individuals and groups—in situations of high complexity, ambiguity and emotionality.