American Sociology

The Last Best Place: Gender, Family, and Migration in the New West Leah Schmalzbauer Southwest Montana is beautiful country, evoking mythologies of freedom and escape long associated with the West. Partly because of its burgeoning presence in popular culture, film, and literature, including William Kittredge's anthology The Last Best Place, the scarcely populated region has witnessed an influx of wealthy, white migrants over the last few decades. But another, largely invisible and unstudied type of migration is also present. Though Mexican migrants have worked on Montana's ranches and farms since the 1920s, increasing numbers of migrant families-both documented and undocumented-are moving to the area to support its growing construction and service sectors.

United States of America is a country that provides a foster care system. What is foster care system? According to National Adoption Center, foster care system is ‘a temporary arrangement in which adults provide for the care of a child or children whose birthparent is unable to care for them. In other words, the foster parents who want to take care for another person’s child have to assign several agreements with the government of social services. Those agreements between the biological parents and foster parents called ‘the placement’. After the placement agreement is finished, the child is now belonging to the foster parent although the children may and see their biological parent. Fostering a child is considered as a good way for America to decrease the rate of its homeless people. However, fostering child is not always goes smoothly; there must be some difficulties regarding the parents or in raising the child itself.
An example of foster care system problem came from greenbaypressgazette.com, an online news in December 15, 2014. The news article itself entitled ‘Mentors help foster youth prepare for life as adults’. The article itself talks about the life of 18 years old boy, Felix Louis Rivera Medina, who is now preparing to live for he will soon age out of the foster system. This article describes some problem that Felix had to face now and in the future. In this essay, I will relate his problems to the value of family and education in the United States

This is a collection of sole-authored essays revolving around questions concerning the end of the nation-state, diaspora, new modernity, deterritorialization, the concept of culture, postcolonialism, the production of locality, flows, and "'scapes" and the work of the imagination. The author is a prominent advocate both for a new postnational discourse and an anthropology that captures the qualities of translocal culture. He has distanced himself from dominant academic establishments by extending his intellectual interests across the boundaries of literature, history, ethnography, and politics and by foregrounding his own biography as a traveler across continents. At the universities of Pennsylvania and Chicago, he has steered transnational studies into the field of cultural globalization, deliberately seeking to render the specifics of our age as a new intellectual project.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. This content downloaded from 129.59.95.115 on Thu, 09 Apr 2015 21:17:15 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Bangladesh, a poor and small country in South Asia, was separated from Pakistan in 1971 following a nine-month long violent war. Replacing the religious basis of Pakistan state, Bangladesh movement was advanced by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his party Awami League on the basis of secularism, Bengali nationalism, democracy, and socialism. But soon Mujib's secularism was challenged by Islamist militias, Bengali nationalism by non-Bengali ethnic militias, and socialism by leftwing militias. Being puzzled and disturbed by many-sided attacks, Mujib declared a one-party dictatorship as a 'second revolution' to curb the biting forces and rebuild the nation, which ultimately culminated into his assassination in August 1975. The subsequent periods in Bangladesh history are marked with coups and counter coups, military dictatorships, political and civil assassinations as well as resistance movements. The Islamist militias again started fighting for establishing an Islamic rule in the country, ethnic militias for their rights of selfdetermination and preservation of identity, and leftwing militias for a revolutionary transformation of the society. Encountering these Islamist, ethnic and leftwing militias, Bangladesh's democracy is as if moving one step forward and two steps back. In my analysis, I have traced the various militia ideologies in Bangladesh to understand the issues concerning rebellion and resistance.

The title of this book encapsulates its being both an homage to the work on the music sociology of rheodor Adorno on the centenaiy of his birth and also moving beyond it in both being critical and making his arguments amenable to empirical investigation. Tia DeNora notes that Adorno is the first theorist of modern times to take seriously the issue of music,s causatiae properties. This is in sharp contrast with current music sociology, which DeNora characterizes as being ,,a sociology a/ music,' concerned with how musical activity (composition, performirr.., di.tribution, and reception) is socially shaped. Thus, musiC tends to be viewed as a social product, and what is ignored is the way in which the music itsetf is a dynamic medium in social life. After all, the numerous attempts in the history of western music either to enlist or censure music's po-.r. presupposes the importance of the latter. The music's specific musical properties and how they may act on people need to be investigated in their empirical detail, including their effeits on people-their bJdily responses, moods, and activities. Thus, music is not merely a struciural reflection of the social, but also is constitutive of. it.

Drawing on a remarkable data set compiled from ships' logs, journals, factory correspondence, ledgers, and reports that provide unusually precise information on each of the 4,572 voyages taken by English traders of the East India Company (hereafter EIC), we describe the EIC trade network over time, from 1601 to 1833. From structural images of voyages organized by shipping seasons, the authors map (over time and space) the emergence of dense, fully integrated, global trade networks to reveal globalization long before what is now called "globalization." The authors show that the integration of the world trade system under the aegis of the EIC was the unintended by-product of systematic individual malfeasance (private trading) on the part of ship captains seeking profit from internal Eastern trade.

This is an insightful and timely book both methodologically and theoretically. It provides breadth and depth through the combination of deep ethnography and broad ethnological contextualization. This work is based on nearly 20 years of research in this community, including extensive periods when Sarah Hautzinger was immersed in a low-income neighborhood and the daily workings of a police station specializing in domestic abuse cases. This author takes every possible care to provide deep, multifaceted, and informed analyses. She is never satisfied with the easy answer and plumbs the data and her experience to question assumptions and shed light on the diverse and controversial cultural changes associated with domestic abuse, women's rights movements, and the penal system in the new Brazilian democracy. The book's title refers to Ruth Landes's 1947 monograph, The City of Women. Landes, a student of Franz Boas, conducted fieldwork in Salvador, Bahia in 1938 and 1939. Landes came to the conclusion that the women of Salvador, Bahia, enjoyed public power in religious affairs that contrasted with assumptions regarding the predominance of male dominance in Latin America. Hautzinger explains that Landes's study was not well-received at the time and was critiqued as a "tourist account" because it was ahead of its time. Landes and Hautzinger take historic approaches, situating Afro-Brazilian culture in relation to colonialism, slavery, and urbanization, and emphasize cultural plurality and fluidity. While Hautzinger somewhat agrees

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd agents and victims in south china accomplices in rural revolution to read. Do you ever know the book? Yeah, this is a very interesting book to read. As we told previously, reading is not kind of obligation activity to do when we have to obligate. Reading should be a habit, a good habit. By reading, you can open the new world and get the power from the world. Everything can be gained through the book. Well in brief, book is very powerful. As what we offer you right here, this agents and victims in south china accomplices in rural revolution is as one of reading book for you. By reading this book, you will get the best thing to acquire. The new thing that you don't need to spend over money to reach is by doing it by yourself. So, what should you do now? Visit the link page and download the book. You can get this agents and victims in south china accomplices in rural revolution by on-line. It's so easy, isn't it? Nowadays, technology really supports you activities, this on-line book, is too.

List of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgments. Acknowledgment of Sources. Introduction. 1. La Migra. 2. Beginning Fieldwork. 3. Norte and Sur: Government, School, and Research Perspectives. 4. Hemispheric Localism: Language, Racialized Nationalism, and the Politicization of Youth. 5. 'Muy Macha': Gendered Performances and the Avoidance of Social Injury. 6. Smile Now Cry Later: Memorializing Practices Linking Language, Materiality, And Embodiment. 7. Icons and Exemplars: Ethnographic Approaches in Variationist Sociolinguistics. 8. Variation in a Community of Practice. 9. 'That's the whole thing [t5iN]!': Discourse Markers and Teenage Speech. 10. Conclusion. References. Appendix. Index

larly regarding the applicability of Herbst's state-level findings to the often poll-obsessed national political scene. But in raising complex questions about working definitions of public opinion and their relationship to a mass-mediated political world, Herbst has helped to map a research agenda and paved the way for further inquiry.

Optimal matching algorithms are used to model the transformation of career systems in a large British bank (Lloyds) from 1890 to 1970. The authors first model the breakdown of the traditional ascriptive, status-based system, and then identify a more dynamic, achievement-based system as its replacement. By relating the structure of careers to organizational growth and social change, the authors explore how the modern achievement career came about. More broadly, they argue that optimal matching enables one to see clearly the multiple time frames that are necessarily intercalated into career systems and hence provides new insights into the discontinuous and contingent nature of organizational change.

For many economists, poverty seems to be a easily defined concept. Poverty exists whenever income falls short of some specified poverty "line". Intuitively, the economist thinks of a budget constraint and indifference curves. If income falls short of the poverty line, well-being is circumscribed, compared with individuals or households with incomes above the line. Higher indifference curves, synonymous with higher well-being, cannot be reached. Once this apparently simple idea is put into practice, however, the waters muddy. For the idea to have any operational significance, the poverty line must be chosen in a sensible manner-clearly, it will do no good, if virtually all people are deemed poor or non-poor. Should the poverty line be "absolute" or "relative"? If "absolute", the presumption is that "basic needs" can be determined by consumption standards more or less independent of the society in which the poor find themselves. Moreover, basic needs do not change significantly over time, and thus, given enough time, economic growth reduces the level of poverty, assuming that the distribution of income does not change. If "relative", the reference standard to demarcate the poor is not chosen independently of some other point or range in the income distribution, such as the "middle class". Consequently, economic growth may or not reduce the level of poverty, judged in a relative manner. Once the choice of type of poverty line is made, there is the problem of fixing its location in the income distribution. In the United States, for example, the poverty line is drawn following a method developed by Molly Orshansky in the 1960s. Step One in the method is to specify a market basket of foods deemed essential for good health. Step Two is to price out the food basket (at current prices) and then multiply by the inverse of an assumed budget share for food. Adjustments to the poverty line are also made on the basis of household composition and size (so-called "equivalence scales"). Once the line is established and income surveys conducted, the final issue is aggregation-for example, to simply count the number of poor households below the line (the headcount ratio), or choose an alternative index that captures the distribution of income

When Robert Smith first became acquainted with Mexican immigrants in New York City from a small town in the state of Puebla (the subjects of what evolved into a 15-year study), transnationalism entered the lexicon of immigration scholars. During the early 1990s, several principal advocates assertively promoted the concept and many scholars in the field rather quickly embraced it. However, it was also in short order confronted by critics and skeptics. The result is that by the time this study was completed and the book appeared, transnationalism had

The paper analyzes the historical circumstances of the emergence of American sociology in late 19th and early 20th centuries. It doesn't aspire to give a thorough overview of the period, but instead focuses on factors that gave a special context to the first decades of American sociology. The author analyzes the interrelationships of religion, social reform movements, evolutionary theories and the processes of scientific legitimation in the establishment of sociology in America. She argues that the early phase of American sociology was characterized by an intellectual milieu in which theoretical approaches and demarcation strategies were contested, yet which, taken together, strengthened the discipline and added to its diversity. The paper traces the process whereby American sociology went from being a heterogeneous, fluid area that incorporated different concepts, theories and aspirations, to being a firm and recognized university discipline. Összefoglaló: A tanulmány az amerikai szociológia születésének körülményeit vizsgálja. Nem törekszik a korszak teljeskörû áttekintésére, hanem csak azokat a tényezõket elemzi, amelyek az amerikai szociológia elsõ évtizedeinek sajátos kontextusát adták. A szerzõ a val-lás, a társadalmi reformtörekvések, az evolúciós koncepciók és a tudományos legitimitás kérdéseit és ezek összefüggéseit vizsgálja. Állítása szerint olyan szellemi közeg, elméleti megközelítések és demarkációs stratégiák határozták meg az amerikai szociológia korai idõszakát, amelyek olykor egymás ellen hatottak, de összességében mégis hozzájárultak a diszciplína megszilárdulásához és sajátos árnyalatainak kirajzolásához. A tanulmány ebben a szempontrendszerben tekinti végig azt a folyamatot, amelynek során az amerikai szocioló-gia egy heterogén, eltérõ irányzatokat és törekvéseket magába foglaló cseppfolyós terület-bõl szilárd egyetemi diszciplínává vált. Kulcsszavak: amerikai szociológia, evolúciós elméletek, társadalmi reformmozgalmak, tudományos legitimitás Szociológiai Szemle 2009/3, 3–25. TANULMÁNYOK * A tanulmány korábbi változatához fûzött megjegyzéseikért köszönettel tartozom az ELTE TÁTK El-mélettörténeti Tanszékén dolgozó kollégáimnak.

Can fashion photography be treated as a market instead of an art? Can the sociological study of markets gain insights from this treatment? Moreover: can a phenomenological analysis of fashion photography contribute to a better understanding of how markets work? These are challenging questions. While there have been some very valuable recent studies of art markets, none has, to my knowledge, focused on the processes of art production as intrinsic to market transactions. In its turn, phenomenology has certainly influenced the study of markets, as witnessed in several recent publications; yet, we had missed a broader and more systematic study conducted from this 710 Book reviews

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

Bioarchaeology, the study of human remains from archaeological contexts, has developed into a discipline focused on the human experience over recent decades. Once limited to appendices and discipline-specific journals, bioarchaeological research has become increasingly visible. As it matures, bioarchaeology has become a key locus of critical analysis and innovation in contemporary anthropology. A shift away from largely descriptive, site-specific inventories and toward analytical regional studies also signals the field's continued maturation. Here, I review three regional collections noteworthy for their depth and breadth. Bioarchaeology, as defined by Jane Buikstra (1977) and applied by contemporary scholars, encompasses more than simple description of skeletal material. It approaches anthropological research questions by integrating considerations of human remains with their context(s)-mortuary, environmental, sociocultural. Consequently, bioarchaeology goes beyond simple statements about mortality by offering insight into the experiences of ancient peoples. Moreover, it provides a multidisciplinary perspective on human life by consciously engaging with anthropological theory regard-ing cultural phenomena such as gender and class. The most successful contemporary bioarchaeological studies are theoretically grounded works that integrate biological and archaeological data to produce strong arguments about past groups. The three volumes reviewed here address particular regions-Greece, the northwest plains of the United States, and the Hopewell people of Ohio-and provide consolidated information about the bioarchaeology and skeletal biology of particular populations. In this review, I focus on each work's application of this contextualized bioarchaeological approach.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . Using data from 11 Latin American countries, this article challenges the universality of the positive relationship between war and state making. Availability of external resources, state organizational capacity, and alliances with social actors are shown to help determine the political response to armed conflict. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of causal sequence in determining the effect of war. War did not make states in Latin America because it occurred under very different historical circumstances than during the European "military revolution." Without the prior establishment of political authority and without a link between such an organization and social actors, war will not contribute to institutional development.

This article attempts to establish theoretical and methodological links between work on social movements and work on the mobiliza-tion of law by analyzing legal mobilization as a social movement tactic-the pursuit of movement goals through "proper channels." Focusing on ...