Indo-European Table 1, Part 6, "mi" to piviato"

Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 1 of 25 10.08.11 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Etruscan_Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Part 6 by Mel Copeland (from a work published in 1981) Etruscan_Phrases by Mel Copeland (from a work published in 1981) Table 1 Index (Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1) Table 1, Section 1B.1: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian. See ERRATA for changes Avestan & Armenian* Sanskrit Slavic, Baltic, Romanian Greek & Albanian Latin other fi, fy ('m, 'n), i (fi), mi, myfi (Welsh) mi, pers. pron. to me, meus-a-um, my, at me, myself mine (Italian) me, to me, myself (French) ammuk (Hittite) English Etruscan mi, Script M1, AD-1, L-11, L-15, AB-1, VF-1, OU-1, AV-6, PM-1, PA-1, PJ-2 mam is (Armenian) ja, mi, mnie (Polish) mane (Lithuanian) x x x x Maia-ae; adj. Maius-a-um; Maius, May mmaggio, May May, month or Maia, mother of Mercury mia, Script Au-3, Au93; VF-1 x x x x x x Midas, king of Phrygia Midai Script XA-6 (Note the same spelling of Midas as Midai in the Assyrian Chronicles - See Phrygian1g.html ārghya x MIERE, honey (Romanian) x mel, mellis miele (Italian) miel, m (French) x miele, Script PE-4 x x MILĂ, mercy, pity x (Romanian) mille, milia, [millia] millensimus-aum), thousand x Milo, name? thousand? Milas, Script XJ-11 Milo (MILV) Script PD1 eme (Greek) mua, mëm ma, unë (Albanian) x hezâr, thousand tysiac, thousand (Polish) chilia, thousand (Greek) një mijë, thousand (Albanian) x x x x (Italian) mai, m., May (French) me milarius [millarius] -a um mil-oedd [f], thousand (Welsh) millanta (Italian) mille, adj. [m], a thousand (French) containing a thousand MiLER, Script K93 x x Mimni, name? mimni, Script L-1 fobera, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 2 of 25 tarjita [n], bhartsita [n], threat, menace; tarj, tarjati, to threaten, menace, abuse, terrify tahdid, padest n], menace (Persian) avarārdha x aGga, aGgati, to move; raGg, raGgati, to move hither and thither, to rock; Ilay, Ilayati, to move; taraMgay, -yati, to move to and fro, toss; mIv, mIvati, to push, move taT, taTati, to rumble, groan; kaj, kUjati, -te, make inarticulate sounds, coo, caw, hum, moan, groan; zvas, zvasiti, zvasati, te, to blow, bluster, hiss, whistle, breathe, groan, sigh aṅkh, to mix āśrī, to mix, shuffle; mA, mimIte, mApayati, -te, to cause to be measured or built, build, erect; mi, minoti, minute, fix, establish, build, erect, observe nirmā, to build jonbes [n], bordan, takân dâdan, to move (Persian) grozba, utrapienie, zagrazac, zagrozenie, menace (Polish) MINIMUL, minimul (Romanian) poruszac, posuniecie, posuwac, przeprowadzac sie, przeprowadzka, move (Polish) nâle [n] groaning; nâle, zâri [n], moan; x nâle kardan, to moan (Persian) ground, mlec, ostrzyc, grind; krzatanina, sâyes [n], podniecac, ârdan, podniecenie, sâyidan, to pomieszac, grind; sâxt [n], poruszyc, ruch, sâxtan, to stir; budowa, build; budowac, built, kusidan, to konstrukcja, strive build (Persian) (Polish) MOARA, the mill (Romanian) mahAvega, very impetuous or rapid; stormy sea; cUlaka, tuft, crest [f]; cUlikA, the narm, nâzok, comb of a cock, adj., narm [n], crest, summit; soft (Persian) komala, adj., tender, soft; mRdU bhU, to become soft or soften bezalkoholowy, cichy, delikatny, lagodny, miekki, soft; delikatny, lagodny, ostrozny, szlachetny, gentle (Polish) MOALE, soft, mild, weak, pulpy; MOLATEC, soft, gentle, weak (Romanian) apeili, foberizo, apeilo, menace (Greek) kërcënoj, to menace (Albanian) minor-ari; minax-acis [f], projecting, overhanging, threatening x minimus kinoumai, kino, move (Greek) lëviz, gjallëroj, zhvendos, detryoj, transportoj, mallëngjej, transferoj, mbartem, manipuloj, to move (Albanian) mougkrisma, mougkrizo, bellow (Greek) pëllas, rënkoj, ulërij, bellow (Albanian) aletho, tribo akonzo, to grind (Greek) lëviz, trazoi, to stir; trondit, bazoj, ndertoj, mbësate, to build; luftoj, to strive (Albanian) malakos, apalos, soft, leptos, eugenikos, gentle (Greek) quetësoj, to become gentle; i ëmbël, adj. gentle (Albanian) dino (Greek) jap, dorëzoj, lëshoj, fal, bygwth, to threaten, menace (Welsh) minacciare, to menace (Italian) menacer, to menace (French) to jut out, project, threaten [<OE threat], menace minas, Script TC298 minis, Script Au30 minimul, the least minimo (MINIMV) Script T-7, PB-1 moveo, movere, movi, motum chwimio, to move, stir, accelerate; cyffroi, to move, excite, stir, incite; mudo, to move, remove, emigrate, migrate; ymod, to move, stir (Welsh) muovere (Italian) mouvoir, to move; mélanger, to mix (French) to move, set in motion, remove, dispossess; to rock [<OE roccian] mo (MV), Script Q521, Q813 mugio-ire bugunad, to bellow; peuo (peu-), to puff, bellow; rhuo (rhu-), to roar, bellow, bluster; griddfan, ochain (och-), to groan, moan; ubain, to howl, wail, moan, sob; udo, to howl, moan (Welsh) mogio, adj. crestfallen, downhearted (Italian) moche, adj. shoddy, ugly, dowdy (French) to bellow, low, roar, groan mocum (MVCVM), Script Z1578 molior-iri cymysgu, to mix, blend, mingle, jumble, confuse; adeiladu, to build, construct, erect, edify ; llunio, to form, shape, fashion, model, construct (Welsh) molare, to grind, bevel (Italian) méler, to mix, stir (French) wete, to build (Hittite -Palaic) to stir, displace, work at, construct laboriously, build [<OE bold, a dwelling], erect, strive after, destroy; grind [<OE grindan] mollesco-ere munero-are http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html minimo (Italian) minimum, minimum (French) esmyth, soft, smooth, easy; meddal, adj. soft, tender, flabby, mellow (Welsh) molach, adj. hairy, rough, stormy; mullach, top, summit (Scott) mollica [f] crumb (Italian) mollesse, adj. softness (French) dodi, to put, place, ay, give (Welsh) to become soft[<OE softe, pleasant] or gentle mola (MVLA), Script ZA-1, Z40, Z1282 mole, Script Z47; molo (MVLV), Script AB-2 MVLeS, Script M19, Script M19 molak (MVLAK), Script ZB-2, Z54, Z206, Z805, Z859, Z1049 MvLAK, Script Z254 Z446, M-1, M24 MvLAKE, Script Z463 Z463 moni, muni (MVNI), 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 3 of 25 dAvane, to give kuDya [m.f.], wall; prAkAra [m], encircling wall, rampart; vArya, to be checked or restrained, [m], wall; saMdih [f], heap, mound, wall; paridhi [m], enclosure, fence, wall, cover, garment, horizon, circumference x dâdan, baxsidan, to give (Persian) dawac, gave, podawac, give (Polish) përcjell, dhuroj, transmetoj, mbaj [leksion], bie, shkaktoj, to give (Albanian) dare, give; presentare, present (Italian) donner, give, present; present, présenter (French) da (Hittite) wall [<Lat. vallum-i, wall of stakes, fortification, defense], defense; partition mor, mur (MVR), Script Z1378, Z1600, Z1615; MOReS, MUReS (MVRS), Script Z692 to give [<OE giefan], present Script K73 (See moniclet) monis, munis (MVNIS) Script Au30 mono, munu (MVNV), Script M13 divâr [n], wall mur, otaczac murem, sciana, wall (Polish) MUR, wall, MURI, walls (Romanian) o toichos, to wall, teichos, wall (Greek) mur, anë, paret, wall (Albanian) murus-i [m]; paries, wall caer-au, wall, rampart, castle, fort, fortress, city; magwyr-edd [f], wall; gwal-iau -au (gwelydd) [f], wall; mur-iau [m], wall pared (parwyddydd) [m], wall, partition; peri, to cause, make, bid, beget (Welsh) muro [m], wall (Italian) mur [m] wall; murer, to wall (French) tanata, a wall (Hittite) x x x Morpheus-eos [m] the god of dreams x Morpheus Morve (MVRFE), Script Aph-23 damac, zadumac sie, muse; muzyka, nuty, music (Polish) rembazo, rembasmos, muse; mousiki, music (Greek) muzë, mendim [n], muse (Albanian) Musa-ae [f] the goddess of music cerdd-i -uf [f], song, poem, lay, music, poetry; cynghanedd ion [f], music, harmony; miwsig [m], music (Welsh) Musa [f], Muse, inspiration (Italian) Muse [f] (French) Muse, Musa goddess of music [<Gk. mousike]? proper name, "ie" suffix. Mosei, Musei (MVSEI), Script Q46 (Note suffix "ei" as in Elinei allagi, allasso, metaballo, change; metalasso, metakino, metakinoumai, ypekfevgo, bardia, shift (Greek) këmbej, ndryshoj, ndreq, shkëmbej, ndërroj, thyej (Albanian) muto-are newid, to change, alter, modify, commute, convert, to change (Welsh) muta [f], change, shift, relay (Italian) mutation, change, mutation [f]; mutin adj. unruly, mutinouurs (French) Mutina-ae x ne [nae], used before dros ben, adv. exceedingly, extra, indeed, left over; iawn, adv. very, indeed; gwir, adj., true, actual, real, gItavAdan[n], n. song and music; taurya [n], music; saMtani, propogating a continous âhang, xoniyâ, sound, navâ, music sound, music; (Persian) vad, vadati, -te, sing, sound, tell, teach, foretell predict; make music, speak, recite śav, to transform, viprakRti [f], change, variation; vihara [ m], transposition, change; vaikArya [n], change, alteration; vinimaya [m], change, permutation, reciprocity; Uha [m], addition, change, modification; vipariNAma [m], change, transformation degargun kardan, gardânidan, degargun sodan, to change (Persian) drobne, odmiana, prezebrac, przesiadka, reszta, rozmieniac, wymieniac, zmiana, zmieniac x x x x istotnie, naprawde, rzeczywiscie, indeed; lojalnie, pragmati, pragmatika, indeed (Greek) në, të, vërtettë, me të vërtetë, vërtet, satya, adj. real, true, genuine, serious, valid, sincere, faithful, honest, good, and muneror-ari; do [old form dano], dare, dedi, datum, to offer, give, grant http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html to move [<Lat. moveo, movere, movi, motum] shift [<OE sciftan], change [<LLat. cambiare]? motin, mutin (MVTIN), Script Z135, Z234; MVTINVM, probably name, "um" suffix acc. sing; Mutina-ae, Galic town, Modena Motinum, Mutinum (MVTINVM), Script Z13 (Note: Script Z contains many references to Tuscan towns) indeed [<ME na, Script ZB3, Z44, Z272, Z561, Z568, Z681, Z1080, Z1088, Z1397, 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 4 of 25 reality; khalu, adv., indeed, verily, truly; itthA, adv., right, well, really, truly, indeed, even na, ne, (no), má (don't) no prajAt, adj., [f], born berâsti, adv., truly (Persian) môi (not, never); mâ, not (Avestan) hicyek, na, nor, conj. (Persian) nik, good, prosperity (Yagnobian) nek, good, prosperity; zâyide sode, adj., born (Persian) naprawde, rzeczywiscie, truly (Polish) NA!, take it!, NA-ŢI!, take it! (Romanian) indeed, adv.; me të vërtet, vërtet; ciltërsisht, realisht, bisnikërisht, sinqerisht (Albanian) ne (Serbo Croatian) liczba, nie, numer, odmowa, polnocny, sprzeciw, zaden, no; nic, wcale, nothing (Polish) nisto, adv. nothing (Belarus) ne, ni (Baltic Sudovian) NE, NU, no, not (Romanian) ochi, mi, má, mé (Greek) jo, jo aspak, adv. (Albanian) ni, niti (Serbo Croatian) ani, negacja sumy logicznej, tez nie (Polish) ani...ani, niether... nor (Belarus) negi (Baltic Sudovian) ochi (Greek) as, asnjë (Albanian) urodzony, born (Polish) NASC, I give birth; NASCUT, born (Romanian) gennimenos, gennitheis, born (Greek) i lindur, i konceptuar, i sajuar (Albanian) pronouns, indeed, truly; veritas-itas, the truth, reality non authentic; yn wir, adv. indeed; gwir [m], truth (Welsh) in verita, veramente (Italian) en effet, vraiment] (French) dim, no; neb, no one; na (nad), adv. no, not, nay; naddo, adv. no; nag oes, adv. no; nage, adv. no, not so, nay (Welsh) no (Italian) non (French) má (Tocharian) ni (Lydian & Lycian) ni, nis (Luwian) natta, no (Hittite) ne, neque nascor-i, to be born, to come into existence, arise, be produced ni...na, neither..nor (Welsh) nè (Italian) ni (French) geni, to be born, bear (Welsh) nascere; nascesfe, you arose (Italian) naître (French) has, to derivate, generate (Hittite) indede], truly [<OE treowe, loyal] not [<OE nowiht], no [<OE na] Z1591, Z1647, TC28, TC103, TC213, K75, K86, K92, K127, K136, N469, XA-31 ne, ScriptZ543, Z918, K113, N417, N647, Q53, Q74, Q84, Q95, Q661, Q692, Q726, A745, Q821, Q847, R248, R286, R325, R359 ni, Script Z386, Au13, T-5, Script Z386, Au13 nor [<ME nor] born [<OE beran]? to be born? nac, nak, I am born; nai, you are born (Fr. nais) ne, see above nac, Scripts AH-5, Z17, Z263, Z432, Z1227, Z1591, Z1623, Au-41, Au53, Au74, L15, V-3, CP38 (verb) nacim, Script AM-6 Noun, see note (3) nacus (NAKFS), Script M32 Noun, see note (3) nak, Script Z887, Q303 (verb) nakua (NAKFA), Script Z522, Z905 Noun, see note (3) nai, Script N100, N112, N469, XU-3 (verb) nasc, Script AK-9 (verb) (verb) (See nas) tArya, adj.to be crossed or conquered; [n], fare, toll; tArika [n], fare or toll for passage. kerâye [n] fare, gozarân kardan, to pay a fare (Persian) czuc sie, jedzenie, miew ac sie, oplata, wikt, fare (Polish) navlos, agogio fare (Greek) tarifë, pagesë, udhëtar, ushqim, engrëne [n], fare (Albanian) naulum-i http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html cost-au [f.m.], cost, expense, fare, outlay pris-iau-oedd [m], price, value, fare, charge (Welsh) prezzo [m], price, cost (Italian) tarif [m] (French fare [<OE faran], passage money, tariff [<Ar. tarif, notification], cost [<Lat. consto stare -atit -statum, to stand together, correspond, cost; price [<Lat. nal, Script TC80, TC103, TC236, TC260, TC271, TC327, TC338, AN39, AT-12 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 5 of 25 pretium-i] gia, dioti, for (Greek) në favor të, për, në emër të, si, gjatë, për në, për shkak, for, prep. (Albanian) x barâye, barâye inke, for, conj., barâye, darpey, prep., for (Persian) x x NEAM, nation, related to a familly (Romanian) x nemus-oris x a wood, grove namo, namu (NAMV) Script CP-45 x x x x x nemmanco, nemmeno, conj (Italian) not even, not either, neither namin? naminer? Script PA-15 funeral song, dirge [<Lat. dirigo rigere rexi rectum, to direct], elegy [<Gk. elegeia]; mourning [<murnan, to mourn] nana, Script CF-3 nanie, Script Q53 ("ae" pl. suffix = "ie.") Naper, name of a queen Naper, Script K75. K82, K131, PQ-8 dla, gdyz, poniewaz, przez, za, zamiast, for (Polish) x x NANĂ, old woman (Romanian) x x x naenia = neniaae [f], funeral song, dirge vetus mulier, old woman x x x nefas anffodus (anffortunus), adj. unfortunate; anfad, adj. wicked, nefarious; trwch [f], broken, unfortunate, wicked (Welsh) nefasto, adj. ominous, unfortunate (Italian) néfast, adj. illomened, pernicious (French) contrary to divine command, unholy; nefarious [<Lat. nefas] naph, Script S1; naphar, Script N184 neptis-is wyres-au [f], Welsh) nipote [m., f] (Italian) petite-fille [f] (French) grand-daughter napti, Script Q53 narro-are dweud, to say, speak, tell; adrodd, to recite, relate, report, narrate, recount (Welsh) narrare (Italian) narrer (French) mema, tar, to speak; (Hittite) to make known, to say, [<OE secgan] to narrarate, speak [<OE sprecan] nar, Script Z648, AJ18; nara, Script Q65, Q74, Q95, Q460 azucivrata, adj., making unholy vows nieszczesliwy, nieszczesny, unfortunate (Polish) napti [f], daughter or grand-daughter nave, navâde, grandchild [n] (Persian) NEPOATE, grand-daughters (Romanian) mbesë (Albanian) mowic, powiedziec, said, say (Polish) lego, gnomi, say (Greek) kallëzim, tregim, rrëfenjë, ritregim, narration [n]; flas, them, deklamoj, mendoj, shpreh, to say (Albanian) kathā, talk, speech, conversation nam, Script Z1319 elegeia, (Greek) këngë vaji, muzikë e përmortshme, dirge (Albanian) nâpâk, nâavize, adj., unholy (Persian) dâstânsarâyi, narration [n]; goftan, soxan goftan, to say (Persian) for [<OE for] galargan-au [f], dirge; galarnad-au [f], marwnad-au [f] lamentation, dirge, elegy; (Welsh) nenia, dirge; nanna, sleep; nonna, grandmonther (Italian) hymne funèbre, dirge; vieille femme, old woman (French) ishamai, a song (Hittite) anosios, asebis, unholy (Greek) mbinatyror, i mëkatshëm, unholy, adj. (Albanian) ābhāṣ, to talk, speak; bhaN, bhaNati, to speak, say, relate, call, name; vac, vivakti, vakti, to say, speak, tell, reproach, censure, blame, repeat or reply; nam, namque canys (cans), oblegid, conj., because, for (Welsh) per, a, di (Italian) pour, de, par (French) nascor-i, natos and [gnatus], pluperf. 3rd http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html geni, to be born, bear nas, Script TC170, TC231, J35, K14, AD-7, AE-1, AK-8, AN-2, AN12, AN35, R11, 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 6 of 25 pers. Pl, natierantto be born, to come into existence, arise, be produced; natus-a-um, born, naturally, fitted or constituted; natio-onis [f] being born, birth, a tribe, race, people born? to be born? R110 NASeR, Script BS-29 nate (or nape) Script PC-1 nateran, Script XB-19 nati, Script XU-1 natim*, Script XU-1 natine, Script Q243, R565; (see nac) * "im" suffix 3rd. decl acc. x Nasia, personal name [<Lat. Natalie] Nasia, VF-5 ("ia" suffix denotes proper name, as in Tarquinia) nauticus-a-um x sailor? fysi, idiotita, charaktiras, ousia, eidos, organismos, (Greek) ckarakter, natyrë (Albanian) nature-ae [f] natur [f], nature, temper; naws-au [f], nature, disposition, essence, quality; ansawdd, quality, state, condition, nature (Welsh) nàdur, nàdurra (Scott) natura [f], carattere [m] (Italian) nature [f] caractére [f] (French) birth [<ON burdhr], nature, an element, the world, character [<Gr. kharakter] natur (natvr) Script R156; TC61; See Note (1) & Errata (1) okret, statek, wyslac, zaladowac, ship; lodka, lodz, statek szalupa, boat (Polish) NAVĂ, boat, ship (Romanian) ploio, fortono, ship barka, karabi, ploio, ploiario, boat (Greek) anije, vapor, ship [n]; barkë, varkë lundër [n], boat (Albanian) llong-au [f], ship, bark, craft; bad-au [m], navis-is [f] ship boat; navicula-ae [f] cwch (cychod) [m], boat navale-is, a boat, hive, beehive; station for ysgraff-au [f], boat, ships; navalis-e, barge, ferry (Welsh) of nave [f]; barca [f], ships, naval, boat nautical; (Italian) navire [m], vessel; barque [f], boat (French) ship, boat, barque, sloop [Du. sloep] nave (NA8E), Script Q152 nafe (NAFE) Script XE-7 naflis, Script NC-2 (See MINRFA for Latin "V" = Etr. "F" and words beginning with "8" = Latin "V" and "B.") odmowic, zaprzeczyc, deny (Polish) NEGA, negate (Romanian) arnoumai, deny (Greek) mohoj, abdikoj, nuk pranoj, refuzoj, tërhiqem, deny [n] (Albanian) nego-are; denego-are, to say no, deny neco-are, to slay, put to death? gomedd, to refuse, deny, forbid; gwrthod, refuse, reject, deny, decline (Welsh) negare (Italian) neir (French) to say no, deny [<Lat. denego are]? nekas, Script XF-3 (2nd person sing. verb) nekie, Script Z692 (noun?) (see also neir) nego-are; to deny; ni [nei] and nivi, if not gomedd, to refuse, deny, forbid; gwrthod, refuse, reject, deny, decline; oni (onid), if not, unless; except, save, but (Welsh) negare, to deny; ecceto che, unless (Italian) neir, to deny; éxcepte, unless (French) to say no, deny?; if not, unless [<ME unlesse], also Word might be Neapolis-polis, modern Naples but should be spelled like Meneleaus' name (MENLe); thus NEIPLe. zâyide sode, adj., born (Persian) urodzony, born (Polish) gennimenos, gennitheis, born (Greek) i lindur, i konceptuar, i sajuar (Albanian) x x Natalia, personal name (Slavic) Nasia, place name, Nasia, Greece natus-a-um, born x x x x nahâd, serest, tabiat,[n], nature (Persian) kharakter, natura, przyroda, usposobienie, nature (Polish) daba, nature (BalticSudovian) NATURĂ, nature (Romanian) prajAt, adj., [f], born tattvabhAva, true being or nature nau [f] boat, ship, vessel; apalap, to explain away, conceal, to deny; vidāś hvu, hvute, to hide from, conceal from, refuse, deny; satisfy, apologize; sidh, sedhati, -te, to drive off, keep off, {prati} prevent, deny, forbid, refuse, deny hvu, hvute, to hide from, novrok (Kurdish) nàva (Persian) enkâr, nakirâyi [n], denial (Persian) enkâr, nakirâyi [n], denial magar inke, magar, conj., unless (Persian) odmowic, zaprzeczyc, deny chyba ze, jesli nie, unless (Polish) arnoumai, deny (Greek) mohoj, abdikoj, nuk pranoj, refuzoj, tërhiqem, deny [n] (Albanian) (Welsh) nascere; nazione[f] nation (Italian) naître, nation [f], nation (French); cin, a sort, kind (Phrygian) has, to derivate, generate; hasmi,, kin, kinship (Hittite) nathom, nathum (NATHVM) Script DF3 neip, Script Z692 arnoumai, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 7 of 25 conceal from, refuse, deny; satisfy, apologize; sidh, sedhati, -te, to drive off, keep off, {prati} prevent, deny, forbid, refuse, deny deny (Greek) mohoj, abdikoj, nuk pranoj, refuzoj, tërhiqem, deny [n] (Albanian) enkâr, nakirâyi [n], denial (Persian) odmowic, zaprzeczyc, deny (Polish) barâdarzâde, xâharzâde, nephew (Persian) bratanek, siostrzeniec, nephew (Polish) NEPOT, grandson (Romanian) anepsios, nephew (Greek) nip, nephew (Albanian) tkac, wove, weave (Polish) yfaino, weave (Greek) gërshetoj, ndërthur, mpleks, to interweave (Albanian) nAsA [f], nose bini [n], nose (Persian) nos, wech, nose (Polish) myti, myrizomai, nose (Greek) hundë, grykë [shishe], nuhatje, kic [anije], nockë [kafshe], nose [n] (Albanian) x x NEŞTIUTOR, ignorant (Romanian) pUtrima, adj., purified, clean; zaucavant, adj., clean, pure; accha, adj., clear, transparent, clean, pure; avadAta, adj. clean, pure, white, clear; dA, {pp. dAta} to clean, purify pâk, pâkize, adj. czysty, oczyscic, clean; sostan, clean (Polish) pâk kardan, to wash (Persian) bhrAtRvya [m], father's brother's son; nephew, cousin; rival, adversary, enemy; pautraka [m], grandson kRt, kRNatti, twist the thread, spin {krtayati}, weave; tan, tanoti, tanute, to extend, stretch, spread, lengthen, spin out, weave, string a bow; prave, to weave on, attach to, to satya, adj. real, true, genuine, serious, valid, sincere, faithful, honest, good, reality; khalu, adv., indeed, verily, truly; itthA, adv., righyt, well, really, truly, indeed, even restan, ristan, tanidan, to spin (Persian) berâsti, adv., truly (Persian) istotnie, naprawde, rzeczywiscie, indeed; lojalnie, naprawde, rzeczywiscie, truly (Polish) NOUĂ, f., NOU, new (Romanian) gomedd, to refuse, deny, forbid; nego-are; Naear, gwrthod, refuse, reject, deny, Evadne, a nymph decline (Welsh) negare (Italian) neir (French) neir, Script Q906 grandson, nephew [<Lat. nepos]? nepos, Script F12 nepos-otis [m] wyr (wyrion) [m], grandson; nai (neiaint) [m], nephew (Welsh) nepote [m] (Italian) neveu [m] (French) hassa, hams, a grandson (Hittite) neo, nere, nevi, netum gweu, to weave, knit; ystofi, to warp, weave, plan; plethu, to plait, weave, fold, braid, mat (Welsh) tessere (Italian) tisser, entrelacer, to weave together (French) to spin, interweave, weave [<OE wefan], to plait [<Lat. plico are, to fold] ner, Script N725; neris, Script Z1300; nerons (NERVNS), Script Z791, Z851, Z975, Z1013, Z1040 nasus-i [m] trwyn-au [m], nose, snout, nozzle, point, cape Welsh) nazo [m] (Italian) nez [m] (French) nose [<OE nosu]? nes, Script K62 (name, A8VNES?) not to know, to be ignorant nesci, Script K151, K171 to clean [<OE claene], cleanse neti, Script Z1088 indeed [<ME ndede], truly [<OE treowe, loyal] nia, Script Aph-1; A-5? VP-10, BR-1 x nescio-ire, not knowing, ignorant, nescius-a-um ignore, ignorare, to ignore (Italian) ignorer, to be unaware; ignorant, ignorant (French) katharos, clean (Greek) pastroj, purifikoj, to cleanse (Albanian) purgo-are, to clean; lavo, lavare or lavere, lavi, lautum or lotum or lavatum, to wash glanhau, to cleanse, purify, clean, purge, dredge (Welsh) nettare (Italian) nettoyer (French) parkui, pure, clean (Hittite) nai = ne [nae], used before pronouns, indeed, truly novus-a-um, new dros ben, adv. exceedingly, extra, indeed, left over; iawn, adv. very, indeed; gwir, adj., true, actual, real, authentic; yn wir, adv. indeed; gwir [m], truth (Welsh) in verita, veramente (Italian) en effet, vraiment; truly; neuf, new] (French) pragmati, pragmatika, indeed; alithina, eilikrina, truly; nous, nea, new (Greek) në, të, vërtettë, me të vërtetë, vërtet, indeed, adv.; me të vërtet, vërtet; ciltërsisht, realisht, bisnikërisht, to say no, deny? the nymph Naear? http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html new? 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 8 of 25 sinqerisht (Albanian) iSUy, -yati, to strive, endeavour; inakS, inakSati, to strive to get; vanuS, vanuSyati, te, to aim at, strive after, plot against, attack; iradh, -dhate, strive to gain; yakS, yakSati, te, to press on, strive after kusidan, to strive (Persian) dazyc, starac sie, strove, usilowac, strive (Polish) agonizomai, prospatho, strive, entasi, tasi, tentoma, prospatheia, enteino, epekteino, strain (Greek) luftoj, përpiqem, orvatem, to strive (Albanian) nixor-ari ymdrechu, to wrestle, strive, endeavour; ymryson, to contend, strive, contest, debate, dispute (Welsh) lottare, to fight, struggle, strive (Italian) lutter, wrestle, struggle, contend (French) x x x x x x Nike, goddess of victory Nike, Script PK-6 x x x x Nilus-i x Nile river? Nilu (NILF), Script CP47 adravya, nothing, a worthless thing, hic, adv., hic, nisti [n], nothing (Persian) nic, wcale, nothing (Polish) NUL, nil (Romanian) tipote (Greek) asgjë, asnjë, hic, nothing, pron. (Albanian) nihil, nil dim [m], any, no, not, none (Welsh) nessuna cosa (Italian) rien (French) natta, no, not (Hittite) nothing niol, niul (NIVL), Script M78; niul (NIFL), Script Z606 nisi eithr, conj. but; heblaw, prep., beside, besides, except; namyn, prep, except, but, save; oddieithr, prep., unless, except; ond, prep. except, save, but; oni (onid), except, save, but (Welsh) ecceto (Italian) excepté, sauf (French) if not, unless, except [<Lat. exceptus] nis, Script Z591, L44 to swim [<OE swimman]? chyba ze, poza, procz, wykluczac, zwyjatkiem, except (Polish) NICI, except (Romanian) ektos ean, unless; ektos, except (Greek) vec, përvec, me përjashtim të, except, prep. (Albanian) to lean [<OE hleonian] upon, strive [<OFr. estriver, of Germanic origin], strain nics, Script Z1265 x anyatra, otherwise, in another manner, except estesnâ [n], (Persian), plu, plavate, to float, swim, bathe, sail; dhAv, dhA3vati, run, stream, pour, ride, swim, glide, hasten; tR, tarati, -te, tirati, te, turati, -te, titarti, tarute, to cross over, overcome, escape, swim, rush on, be saved miec zawroty, senâ kardan, plywanie, swam senâvar sodan, (Polish) to swim NOUĂ, f. NOU, (Persian) new (Romanian) kolympo, swim (Greek) not, notim, swim [n], fut në ujë, notoj, to swim (Albanian) ne, no; no, nare, navi, to swim nofio, to swim, float (Welsh) no, no; nuotare, to swim (Italian) non, no; nager, to swim (French) x x x x x x name? nakti, niz [f], kSapA, [f], nak (nom) night sab, sabhangâm, adj., [n], night (Persian) noc, wieczor, night (Polish) nychta, night (Greek) mbrëmje, natë, errësirë, night [n] (Albanian) nox-noctis [f] nos-au, nosweithiau [f], night, dark (Welsh) notte [f] (Italian) nuit [f] (French) neku, to get dark (Hittite) night [<OE niht]? nocis (NVCIS), Script R447 naama, naaman.h nãma [nãman] (Avestan) nâm [n], nâmidan, to name (Persian) ime (Serbo Croation) imie, nazwa, nazwisko, name (Polish) imia, nazva, f., nazow, m. name of a thing (Belarus) anoma, anomazo (Greek) emër, emërim (Albanian) name nomem (NUMEM) Script N184 nomem-inis http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html enw-au [m], name, appellation, denomination, noun (Welsh) ainm (Scott) anv (Breton) nome [m] (Italian) nom [m] (French) no, nu (nv), Script M50; noa, Script Z522, XA-21 Nobnes, Novnes (NV8NES) CP-40 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 9 of 25 NUME, name (Romanian) ñom, ñem (Tocharian) ochi, mi, not (Greek) jo, nuk, mos, not, adv. (Albanian) dim, no; neb, no one; na (nad), adv. no, not, nay; naddo, adv. no; nag oes, adv. no; nage, adv. no, not so, nay (Welsh) no, no (Italian) non, no (French) natta, no, not (Hittite) no [<OE nowiht]? na na, na-, ma-, adv., not (Persian) negacja logiczna, nie, not (Polish) NU, no (Romanian) x x x x x x Nun, Egyptian god of fertility, oceans Non, Nun (NVN) Z41, Z54, Z149 (reference is to the altar of Nun.) aśrumukha, collective name for father, grandfather, greatgrandfather x NUN, person with special atributes at a wedding (Romanain) x nonno nonno (Italian) grand-père (French) grandfather nono, nunu (NVNV) Script F-1 nava, adj., new, fresh, young; adv., newly, ately, just snushhaa [f] dir, sâdravân, anusiravân, adj., late; dir, adv., lately (Persian) bäyu (Persian) ostatnio, lately (Polish) tora teleftaia, prosfata, lately (Greek) kohët e fundit, shumë kohë përpara, lately, adv. (Albanian) non [old forms noenum, noenu], not non (NVN), Script Z176, Z190, Z206, Z327, Z347, Z357, Z369, Z439, Z446, Z1846, Z1853, Z1869, Aph-22 Non, nun (NVN) See also Script nuper synowa, (Polish) dacka [f] (pl.: docki, daughter (Belarus) snusa (BalticSudovian) kori (Greek) kunatë, nuse (Albanian) nurus-us diweddar, adj. recent, late, modern, belated (Welsh) recentemente (Italian) dernièrement (French) gwaudd [f] (Welsh) nuora [f] (Italian) Nun, Egyptian god of fertility, oceans lately [<OE laet], not long ago noper, nuper (NVPER), Script R128, R139, R152 daughter-in-law nor, nur (NVR) Script L25 nora (NORA) Script AH10 nora (NVRA), Script TC61, BS-10 nore (NVRE), Script TC201 bru [f] (French) x x x x x x name, Noropa? x x x x x x person's name, Nurpener? asmadīya, asmāka, our, ours nô [azem] nasz (Polish) nusun (Baltic Sudovian) NOSTRU, our (Romanian) mas, emas (Greek) jonë, ynë (Albanian) nos ein ('n), (Welsh) noi, us; nostro, nostri, nostra, nostre (Italian) nous, us; nos (French) Noropa (NOROPA) Script XJ-15 Norpener, (Nvrpener), Script R94 nos (nvs) Script AN-19, T-4, VP-4 (PARTVNVS?), XW-4 our [<OE ure] Reference on Ionia: ione (ivne), Script N607, Q253, R219 ionas, (ivnes) Script Au76 x x x x obeo-ire-iviitum x go to, to go to meet, of heavely bodies, to set; of living, to die obe (V8E) Script TC120 oban (V8AN) Script T-9 Obatim (OBATIM) Script XM-6 (noun) x x x x obliviscor, oblivisci; obliare (Italian) oublir (French) to forget obli (V8LI) Script Z1397 x ukhra OCĂRÎ, to curse, ogur auguror-ari; argoel-ion, omen to prophesy, a oce (VCE) Script R306, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 10 of 25 (Welsh) prophesy AU99 ocev, oceb (VCE8) N-1 (3rd pers. sing. imperf) ocem (VCEM) Script Q303, Q320, Q355, Q452, Q488 (noun, acc. case) ocern (VCERN) Script DL-2 (Script DL is a drawing of an augury involving King Tanaquil) oci (VCI) Script Q468 okr (VKR) Script N676 okre (VKRE) Script R124 okri (VKRI) Script N491, N513, N543, N573, N590, N615, N647, N711 (Note: ocri appears in a repeated phrase: VKRI PER 8ISIV "I/you prophesied / swifter? by vision") Osci-orum x Oxiem, name? Oscans? ochsiem (VCHSIEM), Script PM-4 x oculus-i; -im x eye (this is an epitaph of a man: epitaph of a man: ocholeim viri rios tie ocholeim (VCHVLEIM) Script PM-4 (noun acc. case) OPTA, f. eighty (Romanian) x octogina ottanta (Italian) quatrevingts (French) eighty octito (VCTITV) Script N403 x x x offa-ae enfiare (Italian) enfier, to swell (French) pellet, swelling ofe (VFE) Script Z234, XB-17 x x x x avis-is ucello (Italian) oiseau (French) bird? oiso (OISO), Script DR5 x x ULEI, oil x oleo-ere, to emit oliare, to emit an an odor odor; olio, oil (Italian) oleum-i, oil huiler, to oil; huile, oil (French) odor, to emit an odor ola (VLA) Script TC46 oles (VLES) Script TC318 olie (VLIE) Script PK-5 olo (VLV) Script R182, R204, G22, PC-12 x x omen (Polish) OAMENI, people, men x omen-inis x x omen (VMEN) Script R381, R554 x x x x Homericus-aum x Homeric? Possibly VME RIC omeric (VMERIC) Script Z92 x x ONORA, to honor x honore-are; honos, honororis onorare (Italian) honorer (French) to honor, respect; noun, honor, respect onom (VNVM) Script Z446 (gen. or acc. sing. noun) onoman (ONOMAN) Script XB-19 onor (VNVR) Script Z1216 x x UNT, butter (Romanian) endeka, eleven inhonesto-are, to disgrace undecim, eleven onta, disgrace; undici, eleven (Italian) honte, disgrace; onze, eleven (French) x ont (VNT) Script Q360, Q369, R487, R574 onts (VNTS) Script TC1 x x x x Ops-Opis, opem, opis, ope, might, power, ability to aid; opes wealth x power, abundance, wealth; OpsOpis goddess of abundance Opop (VP) Script Q5, (Persian) to insult, to blast, (Albanian) to humiliate, to dispute (Romanian) x x x x x x OCHI, eye (Romanian) x x x ocrea-ae, a greave ocior, ocius, compar. adj. swifter, quicker; adv. ocius, more swiftly http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html Q65, Q95, Q320, Q335, Q416, N31, R286, Aph29 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 11 of 25 x x x x oppeto-ere; possibly obeoere, obitus-us, death morire, spegnarsi, to die (Italian) mourir, périr, to die (French) die, to encounter death, go to meet opeto (VPETV) Script Q59, R49 x x x x x x Oph, Etruscan goddess of abundance? Oph (VPH, VΦ) Script Q297, Q286, Q303, R13, R112 x x UR, UREZ, I wish; URA, to wish; ORAŞ, town, city; HORIM, folk songs, we sing folk songs; URARE, URĂTURĂ, orator; URSI, to predict/impose the fate of a newborn (Romanian) orio, boundary (Greek) oro-are, to speak orsa-orum, mentioned, spoken ora-ae, boundary orio, boundary; dire, denotare, parlare, to speak; orazione, oration; oratore, orator (Italian) orée, boundary; parler, to speak; orator, orateur, orator (French) to speak; or boundary or (VR) Script Z308, Z421, Z1789, TC19, TC46, TC266, Q217, R108, Au85, DM-3, VP2, Au85, R-5, R-10, R103, R109 ora (VRA) Script R35, K111 (he/she speaks) oras (VRAS) Script TC19, TC161, TC179, TC213, M19 (you speak) oran (VRAN) Script LM-1 (probably TVRAN) ore (VRE) Script Z140 ores (VRES) Script Q906 or_r (VR_R) Script BS2 oror (VRVR) Script VG-1 orim (VRIM) Script Z85, Z106, Z880, Z945, Z1818 (sing. acc. noun?) oro (VRV) Script N194, R294, PC-3; PO-9 oros (VRVS) Script TC138 orsum (VRSVM) Script TC56 VRSvM, Script Z1654 x x x x Orestes-ae and is x Orestes, son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra Oreste (VReSTE) Script MM-4, CT-3 Orosthe (VRVSΘE) Script DF-2 x x ORZ, barley (Romanian) x hordeum-i orzo (Italian) orge (French) barley ork (VRK) Script Z489, Z508, Z761, TC213 x x ORNA, to adorn (Romanian) x orno-are; adorno-are ornare (Italian) orner (French) to equip, adorn orn (VRN) Script ZB-1, Z834 x x x x aurora-ae alba, aurora (Italian) aube (French) dawn OROAS (VRVAS), Script VG-4 (noun, acc. pl.) x x URCA, to rise, get up (Romanian) x orior, oriri, ortus sorgere, levitere (Italian) lever (French) to rise, get up ortes (VRTES) Script Q826 x x x x x x Aethra, mother Orthea (VRΘEA) Script of Theseus; in CC-1 Sparta there was a famous temple of Artemis Orthia x x OS, bone, OSOS, bony (Romanian) x os, oris, mouth; os, ossis, bone osso, bone; bocca, mouth (Italian) os, bone; bouche, mouth (French) bone or mouth os (VS) Script ZB-3, Z176, Z455, Z1006, Z1243, Z1386, TC260, TC271, AJ17, DL-7, N236, R661, PO-7, ZB-3, Z176, Z455, Z1006, Z1243, Z1386, TC260, TC271, AJ17, DL-7, N236, R661, PQ-5 osuis (VSFIS) Script Z47, Z681, Z834, TC201 x x x x oscen-inis x bird of auguries, raven, owl; Owl is symbol osca (VSCA) Script DH-4 (OSINAS, AC17) http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 12 of 25 of Athena Osaie (VSAIE) Script town by Rome: N453 "ie" = "ae" nom. pl. Ostia? x x x x x x vOsia, name, us, osati x x x uro, urere, ussi, ustum ustionare, bruciare (Italian) brûlure (French) to burn, scorch osi (VSI) Script Z47, Z681, Z834, TC201 x x x x x x Oso, Mt. Ossa Oso (VSV) Script MS-5 in N. Magnesia (Note: Script MS is the Schøyen Mirror, featuring Ikarius, the first diciple of Dionysus driving a chariot pulled by two centaurs. The forebearer of the centaurs, Centaurus, mounted Magnesian mares and gave birth to the race of centaurs. x x x x hostis-is, stranger hostia-ae, sacrifice straniero, stranger; sacrificio, sacrifice; sacrificare, to sacrifice; ospite, host; Ostia Consecrata, consecrated host; ostile, hostile (Italian) étranger, stranger; sacrifice, sacrifice; sacrificer, to sell at a sacrifice; hostie, host; hostile, hostile (French) stranger, enemy, opponent or sacrificial animal ost (VST) Script Q899 oste (VSTE) Script Q74, Q273 osti (VSTI) Script Q283, R339 ostis (VSTI) Script Z1326 x x x x ostendo-tendere ostentare (Italian) ostentateur, showy (French) to show, hold out ostento (VSTENTV) Script N21, N53, N280, N333, N435, N476, N522, N533, N582, N632, N660, Q290, R270, R314 x x ODIHNI, they rest; ODIHNA, rest (Romanian) x otior-ari, licet, licere, licuit essere in ozio (Italian) loisir (French) leisure, to be at leisure, rest ota (VTA) Script PG-5 ote (VTE) Script N268, N294, R169, G-7 otin (VTIN) Script Z1853 x x x x utor, uti, usus utilizzare (Italian) utiliser (French) to use, employ otor (VTVR) Script Q139 aṇḍa, an egg, the testicle x OU, egg (Romanian) avgo (Greek) ovum-i wy-au (Welsh) uovo (Italian) oeuf (French) egg ov (V8) Script N533, N563, N738, N767, Q821, R619, TC108 ove (V8E) Script TC120 x x OILE, the sheepfold (Romanian) x ovile-is, sheepfold; sheepfold; ovillus-a-um, of sheep offella-ae, bit, morsel pecora, ovini, sheep (Italian) mouton, sheep (French) sheep oveli (VFELI) Script PL-1 (area of the Piacenz Liver) OVLIN (VFLIN) Script L-8 (appears to be verb, 3rd pers. pl.) paritas x x x per in ogno punto di (Italian) partout (French) throughout pa (PA) Script XB-18, XB-25 (See PE) anunī, induce, win over, pacify x PACOSTE, nuisance (Romanian) x pacare, to pacify pacificare, piacare (Italian) pacifier (French) pacify Pegasus? pacpak or pakste Script CL-2 (Mirror shows Peleus riding a winged horse) bhIra, adj., inspiring fear, frightening; bhayakara, adj., tars, bim [n], tarsidan, to fear bac sie, obawa, strach, fear paniczny, panika, fobos, fear; panikos, fobos, panic (Greek) dicka shumë paveo, pavere, pavi, to fear, quake; http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html arswydo, to dread, fear, shudder; ofni, to fear, dread, apprehend; arynaig [m], fear, dread (Welsh) to fear [<OE faer], paeveis (PAEFEIS), Script S-10; pav (PAF), Script TC38; pava (PAFA), Script DL-9 (Script DL is an engraving 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 13 of 25 causing fear; bim dâstan, to bhI, panic bhayate, bibheti, (Persian) to fear, be afraid of poploch, szerzyc poploch, panic (Polish) argëtuese, panik, lemeri, panic [n] (Albanian) pavimento-are, to pave pavimentare, to pave; paura [f], fear, dread (Italian) paver, to pave; peur [f], fear, dread (French) panic; phobia, to pave? on a mirror of an augur reading a liver and warning King Tarquin to fear..) pavapa (PAFAPA) Script XA-7 x x x x x Paphos, name (3rd. Decl. Nom.) Paphos, Cyriote city? Aphrodite's sanctuary Pafos (PAFOS) Script XB-34 palo [m], pair, couple; pala [f] shovel (Italian) x x x x x x Pallas-adis and ados [f], Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; Minerva x x x x Pan, Panes przymocowac, zamknac, zapiac, fasten (Polish) ÎMPĂNA, to fasten, to block (Romanian) deno, stereono, fasten; grafo, write; syntheto, compose (Greek) pango, lidh, fiksoj, kapem, mbyll, pangere, shtréngoj, to panxi; fasten; kompozoj, shkruaj, to write (Albanian) dRDhay, -yati, to make firm, fasten, confirm, strengthen yu, yauti, yute, yuvati, -te, fasten, hold fast, bind, harness, join, unite; dRbh, dRbhati, to connect, write; likh, likhati (-te), to scratch, bastan, casbândan, to fasten; nevestan, nâme nevestan, to write (Persian) furrow, slit, draw a line write Pania, region near Chiuso pannia [f], time (Italian) Pan, Script XF-2 to fasten [<OE faestnian], fix [<Lat. fixus, pp. of figo-figere, fixi, fixum, to fasten], write, compose, agree upon; to scratch [ME scracchen] pane, Script N404; panes, Script AN15, AN41 the people / region of Pania? Paniem, Script Z591 (Note: Script Z, the Zagreb Mummy, mentions many place names and Paniem may be another. "em" would be sing. acc. x bhiSajy, -jyati, bhiSNajy, jyati, to heal, cure behbudi uzdrowiciel, healer dâdan, (Polish) câre kardan, darmân kardan, to heal (Persian) therapevo, heal (Greek) ilac, shërues, healer [n] (Albanian) paean-anis [m]; curo-are, to cure, heal iacha/u, to heal, cure, save; mendio, to mend, heal, recover (Welsh) guarire, cicatrizzare, sanare, to heal (Italian) guérir, cicatriser, to heal (French) the healer [<OE haelan, to heal], a surname of Apollo; to mend [<OE mendan] paniem, Script Z591 x x x x Penates-ium x Penates, household deities Panatam, Script T-5 ("am" sing. acc.) elastycznosc, naciagnac, napiac, naprezyc, przeciag, rosciagnac, rozciagniecie, rospietosc, xaplono, diadido, spread; tentono, ekteino, ekteinomai, tentoma, stretch (Greek) hap, tërheq, pando, pandare, estyn, to extend, reach, pass, hand, stretch, lengthen, elongate; taenu, to spread, expand, stretch, disperse, disseminate pahn kardan, gostardan, paxs kardan, to spread; x Pan, god of shepherds, woods and flocks palas, Script Au13 x tan, tanoti, tanute, to extend, stretch, spread, last, continue, protract, lengthen, spin out, weave; pis, x ffasno, to fasten; clymu, to knot, tie, fasten, knit cliciedu, to latch, fasten; cau, to shut, close, enclose, fence, barricade, obstruct, fasten, lace (Welsh) attacare, fissare, to fasten, scriver, to write (Italian); attacher, fixer, to fasten (French) Athena? http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html to stretch [<OE streccan] out, spread [<OE spraeden] out, throw open, lay panta, Script 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... pisyati, to stretch; Rj, RJjati, -te, Rjyati, -te, to stretch out, strive after, long for, grasp, snatch kasidan, kas dâdan, gostares dâdan, to stretch (Persian) stretch przestrzen, rozciagac, rozrzut, spread, szerzenie, szerzyc, spread (Polish) forcoj, zgjias, pandi, pansum zgjat, and passum ekzagjeroj, shtrij, shtriqem, zmadhoj, tendos, tensionoj, tejkaloj, to stretch (Albanian) atyalpa, adj., very little; amati, adj., poor; [f], poverty andak, kucak, xord, adj., andak, adv., little; binavâ, tohidast, nazâr, adj., binavâ [n], poor (Persian) less, malo, maly, nieduzy, niewiele, little; biedny, nedzny, ubogi, poor (Polish) mikros, ligos, little ftochos, poor (Greek) mendjengushtë [fig.], i vocër, i vogël, i pakët, pak, i shkurtër; adj., pak, paksa, adv.; pak, pron. little; fukara, i varfanjak, i varfër, i gjorë, i keq, adj. poor (Albanian) x x x x parca-ae x x x x x x x x x atikram ymestyn, to reach, stretch, extend, project (Welsh) tendere (Italian) tendre (French pangarija, to spread (Hittite) parvus-a-um bach (lleied, llai, lleiaf), adj. little, small, minute, petty (Welsh) poco, picolo, little; povero, adj. poor (Italian) petite, peu, little; pauvre, adj. poor (French) tepu, small, low (Hittite) open; extend [<Lat. extendo tendere -tendi tensum, to stretch out], expand Page 14 of 25 G10, G14 little, less [<OE laessa, of little]; small, slight, weak; short, young, poor [<Lat. pauper], insignificant; a little, minor, inferior]; few [<OE feawe] parv (PARF), Script Z92; parvam (PAR8AM), Script N139 x Parca, goddess of fate, the Three Fates Parkes, Script XK-4 ("es" = acc. pl. 1st decl.? "as") parma-ae x small shields parmi, Script XD-2 x Parthi-orum x x Parthiam (PARΘIAM) Script PF-1 (Note this is a stele of a warrior; the "am" suffix would be 2nd decl. acc. sing."um"; of/to the Parthian) x x partio-ire and partior-ire; spartire (Italian) partager (French) part, to separate, divide parto (PARTV) Script VP-3 (phrase is PARTV NVS; "to divide ours") x x x transgredi, transire, praeterire passare (Italian) passer (French) to pass, go over pasar, Script TA-3 (This is a mural in a tomb of one priest facing another) x x PĂŞI, to pass (Romanian) gavādana, pasture land x x pita, pitaa pitR^i, father x pax, pacis, peace pace, f. peace, quiet, (Italian) paix, f. peace, (French) peace, quiet? pasia, S-22 (possibly a person's name because of the "ia" suffix. PĂSTOS pasty, PAŞTEs it grazes x pastus-us x food, pasture pastospastos x x x pateo-ere esporre, to expose (Italian) exposer (French) open, to be exposed, revealed paten, Script L46 (they expose) pitar, patar, ptar, father (Avestan) otac, father (Serbo Croatian) ojciec, father (Polish) aciec, aciec, baçka, father (Belarus) tavas, father, (BalticSudovian) te.tis, father (BalticLithuanian) PATRIE, fatherland (Romanian) pater, tetta, father (Greek) baba, ate, father (Albanian) pater, father patria-ae [f], fatherland tad (Welsh) athair-ar (Scott) tad (Breton) padre [m], father; patria [f], fatherland (Italian) père [m], father, patrie [f], fatherland; tête, head, leader, summit (French) pácar, father, (Tocharian) tedi, a father, teTTi, paternal (Lycian) tati, father (Hittite) father [<OE faeder], fatherland (PASTOS) Script XR-2 patir (PATYR), Script XE-11 patre, Script Q53, Q162, Q171, Q209, Q243, Q416 patrebum (PATRE8VM), Script R258; See also: teto (tetv) Script Q, R ate, ates, atia, ati pe (PE), Script Z272, Q33, Q468, Q701, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... x pApa (pApa), bad, wicked, evil, inauspicious; badly, wrongly [m], bad fellow, wretch, profligate; evil, sin, harm, trouble barâye, barâye, inke,conj., barâye, darpey, prep., through; bedaste, bâ, dame, by, prep., sartâsar, adj., adv., through (Persian) dla, gdyz, poniewaz, przez, za, zamiast, for; obok, przez, przy, u, w poblizu, by; bezposredni, na wylot, przez, through (Polish) PE, on, over (Romanian) Page 15 of 25 Q763, Q829, Q837, R13, R72, G27, K31 Pe, Script TC236, N160, N206, N254, N268, N417, L71, TC236, S22 pei, Script Au22 gia, dioti, for; para, konta, plision, dia, apo, by; dia mesou, kateytheian, pera gia pera, per through (Greek) në favor të, për, në emër të, si, gjatë, në vend të, për në, për shkak, prep. for (Albanian) canys (cans), oblegid, for; heibio, by; trwodd, trwy, through (Welsh) per; pei, for the (Italian) par (French for [<OE for], by [<OE bi], through [<OE thuruh] peior-us, peius, superl. pessime, badly, ill drwg (cyunddrwg, gwaeth, gwaethaf), adj. bad, evil, naughty, wicked, ill; drwg (drygau) [m], evil, harm, hurt, ill, malady, mischief (Welsh) pessimismo [m], pessimisim; malamente, fortemente, badly, adv. (Italian) pessisism [m], pessimisim; méchamment, mal, badly, adv. (French badly [<ME badde, bad] peis, Script Z1292; peio, peiu (PEIV) Script N268 skin [<ON skinn], hide [<OE hyd] pel, ScriptsN660, Q500, R270, K123 zest, sum, ziyânâar, adj., badi [n], bad (Persian) dotkliwie, marnie, paskudnie, silnie, zle, badly (Polish) aschima, badly (Greek) keq, keqas, shumë, me rrezik, badly, adv. (Albanian) carmin, adj., covered with skin; [m], shield bearer; tvaca [n], hide, skin; chavi [f], skin, hide, complexion, colour, beauty, splendour pust, carm, xaz, skin [n] (Persian) cera, obdzierac ze skory, obierac, poszycie, skora, skorka, skin (Polish) PIELE, PELE, skin derma, floios, flouda, gderno, xefloudizo, skin; krybo, krybomai, hide (Greek) lëkurë, gëzof, lëvore, kacek, mashtrues, shakull, skin [n] (Albanian) pellis-is [f] cen [m], skin, peel, scales, scurf, film; croen, skin, hide, pelt, rind (Welsh) pelle [f], skin, hide, peel (Italian) peau, pellicule [f]; peler, to skin (French) x x x x x x Peleus, father of Achilles Pe, Script TC236, N160, N206, N254, N268, N417, L71, TC236; S22 Pele, Script CR-2 PELION (PELIVN), Script Dp-2 patatra [n], wing, pinion, feather; pattray, -yati, to feather; parNa, wing, plume, feather piorko, pioro, pokryc piorami, upierzenie, feather par [n], feather (Polish) (Persian) PANĂ, feather, plum; PENAR pen box (Romanian) kthim horizontal, pupël, pendë, vogëlsirë, feather [n] (Albanian) penna-ae (feather, wing) pluen (plu) [f], feather, plume, quill, plumage plufyn (pluf) [m], feather, plume, quill (Welsh) pluma, penna [f], feather (Italian) plume, penna [f] feather, empenner, to feather one's nest (French) pattar, wing (Hittite) x x x x penarius-a-um x of or for the provisions? place, Penaria? Penaria (PENaRIA), Script K176 ("ia" suffix suggests a place name) x x x x x x x PENEIS, Script K83 timoro, punish (Greek) dënoj, ndëshkoj, ceryddu, to correct, chastise, punish, rebuke; cosbi, to punish; poeni, to pain, ache, ail, worry, grieve, penes, with acc.; annoy, torment, daNDay, -yati, to punish, chastise, fine; to detest, pâdefrah, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html feather [<OE fether]; plume [<Lat. pluma] pen, Script Z1337 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... hate, punish, revenge; uS, oSati & uSNAti, to burn, consume, destroy, punish, burn down keyfar [n], punishment (Persian) x x stërmundoj, përlaj, biftekun, shkund, to punish; dënim, ndëshkim, punishment [n] (Albanian) peonio, punio and punior-iri, to punish, avenge x x x x penso-are; mens, mentis [f], mind, understanding, intellect, judgment meddwl, to think, cogitate, deem, mean; synied, to think, believe, feel, conceive; tybio, to suppose, think, imagine (Welsh) pensare, to think, intend (Italian) penser, to think, consider (French) karac, punish (Polish) plague, punish (Welsh) punire, to punish; vendicare, to avenge (Italian) punir, to punish; pénaliser, to penalize; peine [f] punishement; venger, to avenge (French) in the power of, belonging to Page 16 of 25 penes, Scripts Q253, K86 Penia, name of a Penia, Script CH-1 warrior fighting Achilles tark, tarkayati, to suppose, conjecture, guess, reflect regard, think of, ponder, think over; dIdhi, dIdhye, adIpdet, to appear, seem, perceive, look at, think; man, manyate, ti, manute, to think, believe, imagine, consider gomân kardan, andisidan, manidan, to think (Persian) myslec, przypuszczac, rozmyslac, thought, zastanawiac sie, think (Polish) theoro, meleto, lambano ypopsi, consider; skeftomai, syllogizomai, think (Greek) mendoj, kujtoj, to think (Albanian) x x x x pauci, rari pochi (Italian) peu (French) few peo (PEV) Script TC220, L31 x x x x pio-are expiare (Italian) expier (French) propitiate peori, Script PL-11 (area of the Piacenza Liver) x dla, gdyz, poniewaz, przez, za, zamiast, for; barâye, obok, przez, barâye, przy, u, w inke, conj., poblizu, by; barâye, bezposredni, na darpey, prep., wylot, przez, through; through; bedaste, bâ, podczas, w dame, by, czasie, during; prep., sartâsar, dalej, naprzod, adj., adv., wzdluz, along; through; dalej, na, nad, hangâm, prep., na temat, o, po, during; az, przy, w, from, prep., wlaczony, on (Persian) (Polish) PER, by, for (Romanian) pano, epi, eis, pros, kata, on (Greek) gjatë, përmes, nëpër, nga, through, prep. (Albanian) x x x x pad, padyate (ti) x apa-nas (Avestan) mordan, x x i"s"ceznuti, propasti, umreti (SerboCroatian) ginac, przepadac, stracic zycie, perish (Polish) aul'autune, to per achos, canys, oblegid, oherwydd, because, conj., ar (arn), prep. on, upon, over, at; ymlaen, adv. onward, along; canys (cans), oblegid, for; heibio, by; trwodd, trwy, through (Welsh) per (Italian) par (French) to weigh carefully, to estimate, to ponder, consider, require, pay for, think [<OE thencan], pensive; meditate [<Lat. meditor-ari, to think over] for [<OE for], by [<OE bi], through [<OE thuruh] along, over, for, by, to on, throughout, during, from, by means of, because of per, Script Z26, Z1146, Z1378, K136, N-11, N41, N63, N100, N469, N491, N513, N543, N573, N590, N595, N615, N647, N660, N676, N711, Q47, Q117, Q335,Q406, Q424, Q433, Q475, Q512, Q713, R47, R229, R248, R258, R306, R334, R521, K28, K76, K86, K136, PL-7, PL-14, XV-3 perish, to vanish pera, Script Q57, N404 Perae, the Roman port, or its region Perae, Script R314, R325| Peraem, Script Q500; Periai, Script N304 par (French) x ftheiromai, katastrefomai, perish; exafanizomai, pereo-ire perire (Italian) périr (French) Perae x pereo-ire-li-iviitum; to vanish, perish; peroro-are, to speak from colli, to lose, forfeit, be lost, perish, spill; darfod (dar-), to perish, die, expire; trengi, to die, perish, expire; difywyd, adj. lifeless, dead; marw, to die, expire, perish (Welsh) http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html pensin, Script Z19 to die [<ON pera, Script N404 pere, Script Z508, Z1097, N194, R238 peri, Script N689, N725 periai, Script N304 perion 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... {vyA} perish, be lost; gal, galati, drip, drop, fall, vanish, perish stigh, stighnoti, stighnute, to proceed, stride, mount, ascend, rise; vraj, vrajati, proceed, march, go, attack, approach; yA, yAti (-te), go, travel, march, set out, depart, fly, escape, pass, vanish, perish x zUdrajana [m]; sakalajana [m], every person, everybody; kSam, kSamate, to be patient, quiet, endure, suffer, bear, pardon, forgive; tij, tejate, to be sharp, sharpen, incite, endure, bear, impel; sah, sahate (-ti), to overpower, win battles, be victorious, master, suppress, bear, suffer, endure nâbud sodan, ziyân raftan, to perish (Persian) pisraftan, rahsepâr sodan, to proceed (Persian) x kas, tan [n], person (Persian) pâydâri, bordbâri [n], endurance; dirpây, pâydâr, adj., lasting (Persian) die; nikt, to dissapear (BalticSudovian) PIERE, she/he perishes, PIERI, you perish; PIERI, he/she perished; PIER, I perish (Romanian) dochod, kontynuuowac, odbywac sie, posuwac sie naprzod, przychod, przystapic, toczyc sie, udawac sie, wytoczyc proces, zysk, proceed (Polish) to vanish (Greek) mbaroj, vdes, prishem, to perish (Albanian) prochoro, energo, proceed (Greek) eci, vazhdoj, lëviz, bëhet, buron, bëj, rrjedh, veproj, proceed (Albanian) x x osoba, person (Polish) PERSOANA, person (Romanian) prosopo, atomo, person; phusis, nature (Greek) individ, person, njeri, vetë, pamje e jashtme, person fizik [drejt.] person (Albanian) wytrzymac, zniesc, endure (Polish) ypofero, antecho, endure; teleftaios, kalapodi, diarko, last (Greek) duroj, pésog, qéndroj, rzistoj, to endure (Albanian) beginning to end, plead a cause; morior mori, mortuus, moriturus, to die, to die away pergo, pergere, perga, perrectum eug, [m.], death, to die, perishbàs, death bàsaich, to die, perish, wither (Scott) perire; morto, adj., dead (Italian) périr; mort, adj. dead (French) wäl, to die (Tocharian) ak, to die (Hittite) deillio, to proceed, result, issue, derive, emanate; hanu (han) to proceed, be derived, be descended; mynd, to go, repair, become, grow, proceed; tarddu, to spring, sprout, proceed (Welsh) procedere, to proceed; andare, to go (Italian) procéder, to proceed aller, to go (French) deyja], vanish, perish; speak from beginning to end, perorate; to continue, proceed, go [<OE gan] forth [<OE forth] Page 17 of 25 (PERIVN) Script L31 PERIReN, Script L25 pero (PERV), Script R294, R437, R474, perum (PERVM), Script N689, N725, Q424 perk, Script N160 persnimo (PERSNIMV), Script N230, Q726, Q713 persniphmv (PERSNIΦMV), Script Q737, Q829, Q887, R511, R521, R499, R474, R574, R607, R644 persiphmo (PERSIΦMV), Script Q847; personarum fictio, personification personoli, to personify, impersonate (Welsh) personificare, to personify (Italian) personnifier, to personify (French) epithet, name, Persniphmus persona-ae [f], mask; personatus-aum, masked, disguised dyn-ion [m], man, person, fellow, pl. folk, folks; personau [m], person (Welsh) persona [f] (Italian) personne [f] (French) kektseñe, a body (Tocharian) person, fellow [<ON felagi, business partner], body [<OE bodig), individual [<Lat. individuus]; physique [<Fr. physique] person, persun (PERSVN), Script Q784, Q805, Q813, R511 persto-stare-stiti statum, to stand firm, endure; duro-are, to make hard, endure dioddef, to suffer, bear, endure, wait; goddef, to bear, suffer, endure, abide, allow, tolerate; parhau, to last, continue, endure, remain, persevere, perpetuate; ymaros, to bear with, endure (Welsh) durare, resistere, to last; sopravvivere, durare a lungo, to last out (Italian) durer, endurer, patienter, supporter, tolérer, to endure; durable, adj., to stand firm, remain standing, last [<OE laestan], endure [<Lat. induro-are, to make hard or firm] remain unchanged persto (PERSTV), Script R530 http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 18 of 25 lasting, permanent (French) pes, pedis [m] troed (traed) [m.f.], foot, leg, pedestal, handle (Welsh) piede [m], foot (Italian) pied [m], foot (French) pe, pai, paiyye (Tocharian) pdde, a place (Lycian) pata, foot; pedan, pieti, pidi, a place (Hittite) foot [<OE fot], army; tread [OE tredan], to walk [<OE wealcan, to roll] pes, Script TC19, TC38, TC190, TC271, N63, N670, N700 x piscor-ari, to fish pescare, to fish (Italian) pêcher, to fish (French) he fishes [<OE fisc] pesca, Script LS-3 bozorg, setabr, meh, adj., meh [n], great (Persian) megas, megalos, tranos, spydaios, great (Greek) i madh, i famshëm, kryesor, fisnik, adj. great (Albanian) pes, pedis [m] + nimius-a-um, very great, too great, excessive, intemperate, immoderate; n. as a subst. a great deal, also excess, too much; magnusa-um, compar. maior, maius; superl. maximus, great mawr-ion, adj. large, big, great, high (Welsh) considerevole, magnamino, superiore, adj., great, (Italian) grand, éminent, excellent, magnifique, adj., great (French); mag-, great (Illyrian) maki, much (Tocharian) name, Pesnimo? great feet/ army; magnificent, major vyaJjana, adj., [f], insinuation, [n], manifestation, betrayal, characteristic, attribute, the insignia of a prince, ornament, condiment, sauce, juice, consonant, syllable câsni, âbe xores, sauce (Persian) przyprawa, sos, tupet, sauce (Polish) PASTĂ, paste (Romanian) saltsa, aythadeia, aythadiazo, salse, sauce (Greek) marmelatë, salcë, prevede, paturpësi, sauce [n] (Albanian) ius, iuris, broth, soup; condimentum-, spice, seasoning, sauce saws-iau [m], sauce (Welsh) pesto, Genoese sauce; adj. crushed, battered; (Italian) pâte [f], batter, sauce [f], sauce (French) crushed, sauce? pesto (pestv) Script Q183 possibly pes tv x x x x x x unknown word, possibly place name Pesuntrum (PESVNTRVM) Script N700 to make for, go to, attack; ask for, beg [<OE beggen], request, stand for, sue for, petition pet, Script TC260 pet na, or PETNA Script Z1227 (Note: the "na" "ne" suffix is given to the names of people; i.e. RASNA, RASNE RASNES name Etruscans called themselves) petes, Script XK-5 five [<OE fife] pet, Script TC260, Z1227? padam, paada W-votk; Evod (Armenian) frabdem [frabda], pad [m] (Avestan) pâ, dâmane, tah [n], foot (Persian) stopa (Serbo Croatian) dol, spod, stopa, foot (Polish) piechatom, piechatoju, piesa, pieski [adv.] (Belarus) peda (Baltic Sudovian) poda (Greek) paguaj (Albanian) x x PESCUIE, he/she fishes (Romanian) pramahas, adj., of great might; bRhanta, adj., great; vimahant, adj., very great; adj., so large, so great, so much; adj., much, many, great, strong abhiyogapattra [n], a petition or writing of a complaint; yAcikA [f], a petition, request; prArthana [n], wish, desire, request, entreaty, petition or suit dâdxâst [n], darxâst kardan, to petition (Persian) pa.ncha, paJNcha pañca [pañcan] (Avestan) panj, adj. [n], five (Persian) hing, five petycja, petition (Polish) parakalo, zito, iketevo zitianevo, beg (Greek) kërkesë, peticion, lutje, petition [n]; kërkoj, lutem, to petition (Albanian) peto-ere -ivi and itum; to make for, go for, petition, petina-ae [f] a dish pet (SerboCroatian) piec (Polish) piac (Belarus) penkei, penkis (BalticSudovian) pente (Greek) pesë (Albanian) quinque http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html deisebu, to petition; petisiwn [m], petition; erfyniad-au [m], petition, prayer (Welsh) petente [m] petitioner, petizione [f], petition (Italian) pétition [f], petition (French) pump (pum) , (Welsh) cóig (Scott) cinque (Italian) cinq (French) pañä, pic, pis Pesnim, Script N500, N660 Pesnimu, Script N21, N290, N320, N444, N529, N553, N598, N632, Q162, Q171, Q194: 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... (Armenian) kezamArjaka [m], comb; ashma, ashman.h (m) penki (Lithuanian) sâne [n], sâne zadan, to comb (Persian) czesac, grzebien, comb (Polish) PIEPTENE, comb (Romanian) asmanaca (Avestan); sang, gowhar, kolux [n] stone, sangsâr kardan, sangcin kardan, to stone; gar, duru_t (Yagnobian) kamenica, stone, litica, stena rock] (SerboCroatian) kamien, pestka, stone (Polish) kamien [m] (Belarus) akmenis, stabas, rock (BaltoSudovian) PIATRĂ, stone, rock; PETRU, Peter; PIETROS, stony (Romanian) Page 19 of 25 (Tocharian) chtena, chtenizo, comb (Greek) krehër, griba, krehëse [tekst.], huall, lafshë, comb [n] (Albanian) pecten crib-au [f.m.], comb, crest, ridge, brow, ledge; dil-iau [m], comb (Welsh) petine [m] (Italian) peigne [m] (French) petra (Greek) gur, guralec, stone, rock (Albanian) comb [<OE comb]? PETeNA Script Z1227 lapis-idis, stone saxam, rock caregan (caregen, caregos)[f], stone, pebble; carreg (cerrig) [f], stone; maen (meini) [m], stone; maen hir, monolith; caregu, to stone, petrify; llabyddio, to stone (Welsh) carraig or cairge, rock; carragh, rock, pillar, monument (Scott) maen (Breton) pietra [f] (Italian) pierre [f] (French) peruna, rock (Hittite) stone [<OE stan] petr, Script Z1854, TC61, TC137 petro (PETRV), Script TC-1, TC120; petros, (PETRVS) ScriptTC38, TC61, TC144, TC190 Patronius-i, name; patronus-i [m], protector; protego egere -texi tectu, to protect, defend; patron; patronia-ae [f], protectress noddwr (noddwyr) [m], protector, patron, benefactor (Welsh) patron [m] (Italian) patron [m] (French) patron; possibly a name, Petronia protectress Petronia (Petrvnia), Script R565 ("ia" suffix suggests a proper name) nArkalpi [m], patron; nArnamana [m], patron; pArSadvANa m], patron; daiDa [m., f.], patron; dvaimatya [m], patron postibân, negahdâr [n], patron (Persian) opiekun, protektor, patron (Polish) prostatis, patron (Greek) mbrojtës, adj. patronage; mecenat, përkrahës i arteve, klient i rregullt, pajtor [n], patron (Albanian) x x x x pubes-is, f. petychaino, katorthono, attain (Greek) arrij, realizoj, to attain (Albanian) cwblhau, to fulfill, complete, finish, achieve; cyflawni, to fulfill, perform, commit, achieve, execute; gorffen, to finish, complete, pervenio venire- conclude, achieve; veni cyrraedd, to reach, ventum attain, arrive, amount (Welsh) pervenire, to attain (Italian) parvenir, to attain (French) ta, to come; tija, to come, approach, become (Hittite) to come through, arrive [<OFr. ariver] at, reach, attain to [<Lat. attingerotingere tigi -tactum, to touch, reach], achieve [<OFr. achever <vener, a chef, to come] pevenes (PE8eNeS), Script K20 o pio kontinos, epomenos, prosechis, next; tote, loipon, then; katopi(n), afterwards (Greek) herën tjetër, post then, next, afterwards puia (PFIA) Script Z1780 acchAi, acchAgam, to attain, go towards; vinaz, to reach, attain x yâftan, to attain (Persian) sepas, adj., sepas, pas, ângâh, then; digar, sepas, âyande, adj., sepas, adv., next; osiagnac, zdobyc, attain (Polish) PE VINE, to arrive (Romanian) najblizszy, nastepnie, nastepny, obok, sasiedni, tuz przy, next; nastepnie, wiec, wowczas, w takim razie, wtedy, zatem, http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html giovinezza, gioventu, youth, young giovane, adolescenza adult (Italian) jeunesse, adolescence (French) wedyn, adv. afterwards, then, after; yna ('na), there, then; ynteu (ynte), adv. then; conj. or, or else, peub (PEF8) Script PB4 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... x x mihira [m], avi [m], sUra [m], the sun; x pariveSTana [n], cover, veil, ligature, bandage; paTTaka [m.f.], plate, tablet, cloth, bandage, document; varti [f], a pad or kind of bandage on a wound, wick, paint, eyesalve afterwards, adv. sepas, pas (Persian) then; nastepnie, po pewnym czasie, potem, pozniej, afterwards (Polish) pastaj, pas kësaj, next, adv., atëherë, në atë kohë, pastaj, vec kësaj, adv., then (Albanian) x x x x xorsid, âftâb, xor, sun [n] (Persian) x navâre zaxm [n], bandage; daste, boqce, baste [n], bundle (Persian) x niedziela, slonce, sun (Polish) x ilios, the sun (Greek) diell, dritë dielli, sun [n] (Albanian) x x bandaz, bandazowac, bandage; tobolek, wiazka, zawiniatko, bundle (Polish) FÂŞIE, band, girdle (Romanian) epidesmos, epideno, bandage; tainia, zoni, syndeo band; dema, bogos, desmi, desmida, paketo, paketaro, syskeyazo, tyligo, bundle; zoni, perizono, belt (Greek) fashë, bandazh, fashatim, lidhje, bordurë, shirit, bandage [n]; krah, vandak, deng, pako, bundle [n] (Albanian) Page 20 of 25 otherwise (Welsh) poi (Italian) puis (French) x x Phoebus-i [m], Apollo the sun god; hence, subst. Phoebas-adis [f] a priestess, a prophetess; adj. Phoebeius and Phoebeus-a-um, of Phoebus; solsolis [m], the sun x PH, person's initials? Pha, Script AN21, N638, N670, N738, R62, R413 , x Pha, Etruscan goddess; fay, a fairy, an elf [<Lat. fata] haul (heuliau) [m], the sun; huan [f], the sun (Welsh) sole [m], the sun (Italian) soleil [m], the sun (French) Phoebus-i [m], Apollo the sun god; hence, subst. Phoebas-adis [f] a priestess, a prophetess; adj. Phoebeius and Phoebeus-a-um, of Phoebus; some early writers identified Phoebus Apollo with the ancient sun god Helios, brother of Eos and Selene; the sun [<OE sunne] Phabas, Script Q906, Phabeto (Phabetv), Script Q217, Q253, Q263, Q468, Q893, Q899 (Phoebadis?) Phabe, Script N160, N194 (abl. sing) Phabia, Script R31, R121, R131, R150 Phabas, Script Q906 ("as" acc. pl to gen. sing. Phabia) Phasei, Script Z180, Z347 (Note this may be a person's name. Suffix "ei" is the same as Elenei (Helen's). Phoebe-is [f], the sister of Phoebus, the Moon goddess, Diana x Phoebe-is [f], the sister of Phoebus, the Moon goddess, Diana fascia-ae [f], a bandage, band, girdle, girth; fascis-is [m], bundle, packet; plur. fasces, bundles of sticks with an axe projecting, carried by lictors before chief magistrates rhwymo , to bind, tie, lash, bandage; gwregysu, to girdle bwndel-i [m], coflaid [f], armful, bundle; pac -iau [m], bundle; sypio, to pack, heap, bundle, group (Welsh) fascia [f], band, belt, bandage; pl. swaddling bands; faggoto [m], bundle (Italian) paquet, fagot [m], bundle (French) bandages [<Fr.bandage], band [<OFr. bande], girdle [<OE gyrdel], bundle [<ME bundel] http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html Ph (Φ) , Script Z508 Script AN20, N638, N670, N738, R56, R413 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... daivatas, adv. by fate or chance; daivya [f], divine power, sarnevest [n], fate, destiny; fate (Persian) vidhi [m], disposition, rule, method, act, ceremony, fate destiny los, przenznaczenie, fate (Polish) FĂT, FATĂ, son, daughter, foetus (Romanian) moira, pepromeno, fate (Greek) fat, e ardhme, orë [fig.], risk, vdekje, fate [n] (Albanian) an utterance, esp. divine utterance; destiny, fate; Phaethon, son of Helios; risk [<Ital. risko] Phato (ΦATV), Script N112, N428 light [<OE leoht] lighthouse, lamp pher (ΦER), Script N206, R40, R56, R72, R619; pheri (ΦERI), Script Z516, N483, N624, Q74, Q84, Q202, Q854, G30 pherie (ΦERIE), Script N100 pheris (ΦERIS), Script N53, N483 Perseus, Greek hero Pherse (ΦERSE), Script DG-1 x Persephone, goddess of the Underworld Phersipnei (ΦERSIPNEI), Script PH-2, Tomb of Orcos and Tomba del Oro Phesnes (ΦESNES), Q376, Q388 See also Fesni, Script Z929 fatum-i, fate; Phaethon ontis [m] the son of Helios the sun god killed by trying to drive the chariot of his father's chariot tynghedfen-nau [f], destiny, fate; ffawd (ffodion) [f], fortune, fate, luck (Welsh) fato, sorte [m] fate (Italian) destin, sort [m], fate (French) diipadiipaH, lamp; shukla raocah [-] (Avestan) sabok, âheste [n], light; rowsan kardan, âtas zadan, to give light (Persian) svetionik, lampa, lamp (SerboCroatian) jasny, lampa, lekki, lit, ogien, oswietlac, rozpalic, swiatlo, swiecic, zapalic (Polish) sviatlo, light; malanka, lightning (Belarus) phos, light; faros, lighthouse; lampas, torch (Greek) dritë, fener (Albanian) pharus-us-i, lighthouse; lumen-inis, light; lux, lucis, [f] light, esp. daylight golau (goleuadau) [m], light; gwawl [m], light; llewych [m], light, brightness; llucheden [f], lightning (Welsh) luce, giorno, faro, fanale, semaforo, light; leggiero, lieve, to light; phare, lumiére, clarté, lueur [f] light (French) pahwar, fire; lukkai, light, to shine (Hittite) x x x x x x Sita (rescued from the Otherworld from the dragon Ravana by her husband Rama; see the Ramayana x x Persephone, (Greek) Proserpina Page 21 of 25 x x x x Fescennia-ae x a Faliscian town, Fescennia? An Etrurian town famous for verse dialogues x x x phos, light (Greek) x x Pho, a goddess – of light? Pho (ΦV), Script N428, Q209 Phobos, god of panic, fear [<OE faer] Phobia (ΦV8IA), Script R93 fire, hearth? seal, ring? phoce (ΦVCE), Script Q784 phoki (ΦVCI) S50 vidrava [m], running asunder, flight, panic; bhIMti [f], fear, danger; bhIra, adj., inspiring fear, frightening mudrikA [f], seal-ring, signet; vahnicaya, kuptu a fireplace, hearth, a firep paniczny, panika, poploch, szerzyc poploch, panic; bac sie, obawa, strach, fear (Polish) phobos, fear; god Phobos; panikos, panic (Greek) frikë, rrezik, shqetësim, fear [n] (Albanian) timor-oris [m], fear: pavor-oris [m] achor [m], fear, tumult; aeth-au [m], pain, frief, fear, shock; ofn-au [m], fear, dread, terror, misgiving; arynaig [m] fear, dread (Welsh) fobia [f], fear (Italian) crainte, peur [f], fear; panique [f], panic (French foka, futro z fok, pieczatka, pieczec, pieczetowac, xuke âbi, mohr [n], seal; plomba, uszczelka, âvestan, to seal (Persian) uszczelka, seal (Polish) FOC, fire (Romanian) sfragida, sfragizo, epikyrono, foki, seal (Greek) fokë, detyrë, vulë, plumb, shenjë, provë, premtim, seal [n] (Albanian) phoca-ae and phoce [f] focusi, hearth, house sel, seliau, selau [f], seal (Welsh) focolare, hearth [m] (Italian) foyer, hearth (French) bim dâstan, to panic (Persian) phont, phunt (ΦVNT), http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... avô hvarenanãmca utsa, m. spring, [avô-hvarena] fountain; (Avestan) prabhUti, origin, casme, source; sâdorvân, sufficiency, adj., fountain; power, might; sarcasme, khA3, source, nezâd, fountain origin (Persian) fontanna, fountain (Polish) FÂNTÂNĂ, fountain (Romanian) brisi, fountain; pigi, source (Greek) shatërvan, fountain; burim, originë, gurrë, source (Albanian) tveSatha [m], violence, fury; manyumI, adj., destroying, fury or in a fury; manyu [m], mood, temper, ardour, zeal, wrath, fury, rage xesmnâk, âtasi, divâne, adj., furious (Persian) furia, szal, fury (Polish) FURIE, fury (Romanian) mania, fury (Greek) egërsi, tërbim, furi, vrull, xhindosje, fury [n] (Albanian) x x x x x x x Phthiotis (Greek) well [<OE waella], fountain [<Lat. fons, fontis], source, origin Script N254, Q899; phonta, phunta (ΦVNTA), Script R339; phonte, phunte (ΦVNTE), Script N31, R394, R554; Phontia, Phuntia (ΦVNTIA), Script R359 bar [m], anger, fury, adversity, greed cynddaredd [f], madness, rage, fury; ellylles-au [f] (Welsh) furia [f] (Italian) furie [f] (French) fury? phor, phur (ΦVR), Script Z489; phorie, phurie (ΦVRIE), Script N11 x warm, warmed photum (ΦVTVM) x x Phthiotis? Phthia, principal city of Achaea? Phto (ΦTV), Script R413, R459, R644 Phtab (ΦTA8), Script R554 pious, devout, dutiful, godly, piety pi, Script R61 pia , Script L1, L-11 piata, Script XG-1 pite, Script Q763, XC-3 piti, Script TC338 fontanus-a-um; fons, fontis [m], a spring, fountain, source ffynhonnel -au [f], fount, source, fountain; ffynnonau [f], fountain, well spring (Welsh) tobar [m] (Scott) fonte [f] (Italian) fonte [f] (French) furia-ae [f] foveo, fovere, fovi, fotumt to warm, keep warm, caress; particle, fotus sveti (Serbo Croatian) pobozny, pious (Polish) sviaty (Belarus) PIETATE, piety (Romanian) agios (Greek) fetar, fanatik (Albanian) pius-a-um, piety; pietas-atis [f], dutiful conduct, piety duwiol [m], godly, pious, devout (Welsh) diadhaidh, naomh, adj. holy, saintly (Scott) pio, pious; pieta [f] compassion; devoto, adj. (Italian) pieux, pious; pitié, [f] pity, mercy (French) arai, to pray (Hittite) blogoslawic, bless (Polish) evlogo, bless (Greek) bekoj, uroj lumturi, to bless (Albanian) beo-are, to bless, make happy bendithio, to bless (Welsh) benedire, consacrare (Italian) bénir (French) to bless [<OE bletsian], piety [<Lat pietas] dolabra, pickax caib (ceibiau) [f], pickaxe, mattock; ceibio, to pick with a pickaxe, dig (Welsh) piccone [m] (Italian) pic [m] (French) pickax, peak puNyaM dahma [-] spênishta [-], most holy, most beneficent (Avestan) parhizkâr, dindâr, adj., pious (Persian) namasy, namasyati, to do homage, worship, bless; pI (pi), payate (pIpeti), swell, be exuberant, overflow, fill, bless barekat dâdan, yastan, bâlestan, to bless (Persian) zailakUTa, peak of a mountain; zikhara, adj., [m], peak, top, summit; kakabh [f], peak, region, quarter nok, setiq, adj., peak; sar zadan, to peak; kolang x [n], pick; cidan, kandan, pâk kardan, to pick (Persian) syllego, dialego, pick; koryfi, peak (Greek) kazmë, pickax [n] (Albanian) x x x x Page 22 of 25 paelex [peliex] - x icis pilus-i, m. a single hair, a trifle; pilus-i, m. a division of the triarii in the Roman army pelo, m. hair; fur, hairbreadth; peloso, adj. hairy (It.); pelage, m. pelt, coat; wool, fur; skinning, pealing (French) mistress, concubine pies, Script Z1292: pikun (PIKVN) Script Z1386 pileka, Script AC-11 pilus (PILVS) Script TC-71 pina, Script http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... baaNaH [m], shara ashtem (Avestan) Tir, tir, peykân [n], arrow (Persian) strela (Serbo Croatian) strzala, strzalka, (Polish) strala [f.] (Belarus) strele (Baltic Sudovian) belos (Greek) shigjetë (Albanian) pinna-ae [f]. feather, a feathered arrow, wing, battlement saeth-au [f], arrow, dart (Welsh) saighead [f] (Scott) bir (Breton) freccia [f] (Italian) flèche [f] (French) arrow, dart N357, N363, N738; pinab (PINA8), Script N638, N670; pinas, Script Z95, Z1397; pine, Script Z122; pines, Script Z92; pini, Script TC71; pinie, Script N294 paint, to draw, embroider, stain, adorn pinca, Script J35 pincim, Script Z1080 ("im" suffix suggests noun, acc. sing.) name, Phthia, Piphas? piphas (PIΦAS), Script N63 pyre pir, Script N123, N381, Q107, Q335, L71 pire, Script Z781, R34 piri, Script Q406, Q908 aGgarAga [m], paint, ointment, perfume (applied to the body); varti [f], a pad or bandage on a wound, wick, paint, ointment; varNay, -yati (t), to paint, colour, dye, picture, tell, relate; likh, likhati (-te), scratch, furrow, slit, draw a line, sketch, paint farba, malowac, rang [n], paint; szminka, paint rang zadan, (Polish) kasidan, to PICTA, he/se paint painted (Persian) (Romanian) mpogia, chroma, chromatizo, zografizo, paint pingo, pingere, (Greek) pinxi, pictum lyej, bojatis, pikturoj, to paint (Albanian) lliwio, to color, paint, dye; coluro, to color, paint, conceal; peintio, to paint; arlliwio, to color, tint, paint; arlunio, to draw, paint, portray (Welsh) dipingere, to paint (Italian) peindre, to paint (French) x x Phthia, chief city of Achaea x x x chitaa, funeral pyre; paavakaH (fire) vanhiH, vahni âtar [-], fire (Avestan) älou, flame (Persian) ar, fire; alav, flame (Kurdish) or, fire (Pushtu) vatra, po"zar (Serbo Croatian) stos, pyre; grzejnik, ogien, ognia! piecyk, plonac, pozar, strzelac, strzelanie, wylac z pracy, zapalic, fire, (Polish) panu, fire (BalticSudovian) PIR, couch grass (Romanian) fotia, pyrkagia, pyrobolo (Greek) pyra-ae zjarr, fuge, ethe (Albanian) coelcerth-i [f], bonfire, blaze, beacon, pyre cynnau angladdol, pyre (Welsh) aingeal, fire; las, va. kindle, set fire to, light, get into a passion; lasair, [f] flame, flash of fire; teine [m], fire (Scott) tan (Breton) pira [f] pyre, funeral pile (Italian) feu, incendie [m]; flamme, ardeur [f] fire (French) por, puwar, fire (Tocharian) pahwar, fire (Hittite) x x x x x x Pisa, town Pisi, Script R21, R78 dare, donare, to give, pietas-atis [f] dutiful conduct, devotion, piety dodi, to put, place, lay, give; rhoi, (rhoddi), to give, bestow, yield, confer, grant, put, ascribe (Welsh) toir, thoir, va. irr. bring, take, give (Scott) pieta [f] pity, mercy, piety; dare, to give (Italian) pitié [f] compassion; piété [f] piety; donner, to give to give [<OE giefan] piety pite, Script Q763; piti, Script TC338 dAvane baxsheñti [baxsh] para-baraiti [para-bar], to carry, to give, to bear (Avestan) dâdan, baxsidan, to give; parhizgâri, dindâri [n], dawac, gave, podawac, give (Polish) davac, v. imp., dac, v. perf, give; padavac, v. imp., padac, v. perf., to give, serve (Belarus) datune, padatun (Baltic- dino (Greek) jap, dorëzoj (Albanian) http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html Page 23 of 25 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... piety (Persian) Sudovian) x x x Page 24 of 25 (French) bi, da, (Lydian) da, pai, pija, peja (Hittite) da, pije, pibije (Lycian) gajde, bagpipe (Albanian) piabilis-e, able to be atoned for piva [f] bagpipe (Italian) cornemuse [f] bagpipe (French) unknown word, possibly piabilis-e piviato (PI8IATV) Script N149 Notes: (1) The word, NAS, may refer to a corpse, the deceased, rather than birth. In Avestan (Avesta, Vendidad, Fargard 3) we have the word, Nasu, which can mean "the corpse-demon" or the corpse (nasai). The Etruscans would have had some ritual concerning the deceased, that the corpse or ashes can defile and that there was a corpse demon (probably Charon, Tuchulcha or both). It is a custom of the Jews, as listed in the Bible, that the corpse was defiled and must be buried outside the city the next day (before sundown). A rite – observed from the Koran – maintains a similar tradition among Moslems. Even today one can obtain some significance with regard to the ritual evidenced in the Moslem graveyard placed directly before the Golden Gate to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The gate was sealed by Sulliman II during the Crusades and a Moslem cemetery placed in front of it. People are prevented by the Moslem keepers of the Temple Mount from approaching that sealed gate. In Jerusalem in 1985 I asked a Moslem, "Why is it sealed and why are the graves in front of it?" I was told that the gate is sealed to prevent the Jewish Messiah from entering the mount; the graves are there since it is also believed by the Moslem clerics that no Jewish Messiah would walk through a Moslem graveyard. I, myself, found that one could walk up to the wrought iron grating in front of the Golden Gate, and I asked the dead to move aside so that a path through the gate could be opened, but no one heard me. David was right, that the corpse, turned to dust, cannot praise God (Psalm 30.9), and no doubt that even when the Messiah goes through the gate the dead won't hear him. I commented on this problem of the Golden Gate in my works Maravot_Homepage_2.html and Acceptable_Day_of_the_Lord.html. 3.14. Let no man alone by himself (19) carry a corpse (20). If a man alone by himself carry a corpse, the Nasu (21) rushes upon him, to defile him, from the nose of the dead, from the eye, from the tongue, from the jaws, from the sexual organs, from the hinder parts. This Druj Nasu falls upon him, [stains him] even to the end of the nails, and he is unclean, thenceforth, for ever and ever. Translator's notes: (http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd3sbe.htm) 19. No ceremony in general can be performed by one man alone. Two Mobeds are wanted to perform the Vendidad service, two priests for the Barashnum, two persons for the Sag-did (Anquetil, II, 584 n.) It is never good that the faithful should be alone, as the fiend is always lurking about, ready to take advantage of any moment of inattention. If the faithful be alone, there is no one to make up for any negligence and to prevent mischief arising from it. Never is the danger greater than in the present case, when the fiend is close at hand, and in direct contact with the faithful. 20. A corpse from which the Nasu has not been expelled by the Sag-did ceremony (described Vd8.1422). 21. The word Nasu has two meanings: it means either the corpse (nasai), or the corpse-demon (the Druj Nasu, that is to say the demon who takes possession of the dead body and makes his presence felt by the decomposition of the body and infection). The burial ceremony of the Etruscans may have been similar to that of the Avesta. In the beginning of the Vendidad the holiest places on earth are described, in which case the holiest is where the priest makes his sacrements. In comparing the below scene to that which we see in Etruscan murals, we have a wand, the offering of the contents of a bowl, and the augur. Associated with this activity is the sharing of the bowl between those celebrated in the banquet of the tomb and an egg. See Etruscan_Murals.html. 1.0 O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the first place where the Earth (1) feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the place whereon one of the faithful steps forward, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with the log in his hand (2), the Baresma (3) in his hand, the milk (4) in his hand, the mortar (5) in his hand, lifting up his voice in good accord with religion, and beseeching Mithra (6), the lord of the rolling country-side, and Rama Hvastra (7).' Translator's notes: (http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd3sbe.htm) 1. 'The Genius of the Earth' (Comm.) 2. The wood for the fire altar. 3. The Baresma (now called barsom) is a bundle of sacred twigs which the priest holds in his hand while reciting the prayers. (See Vd19.18 seq. and notes.) 4. The so-called jîv or jîvâm, one of the elements of the Haoma sacrifice. 5. The Havana [hawan] or mortar used in crushing the Haoma or Hom. 6. Mithra, the Persian Apollo, sometimes like him identified with the Sun, is invoked here as making the earth fertile. 'Why do not you worship the Sun? King Yazdgard asked the Christians. Is he not the god who lights up with his rays all the world, and through whose warmth the food of men and cattle grows ripe?' (Elisaeus.) 7. The god that gives food its savour: he is an acolyte to Mithra. (2) The descent or abduction into hell or Underworld is a common theme covered in the story of Persephone, and in modified terms by the Queen of Heaven in Egypt, Isis, or the goddess of Canaan, Anat. See Hittite_Treaties1.html for texts on these relationships. (3) NAKIM, NAKUS, NAKUA -This word represents an interesting declension of "born" where the "im" suffix suggests Latin "em" accusative, singular; "us" suffix would be nominative singular, and the "a" suffix would be accusative pl. neuter, making this group Latin 3rd Declension. (4) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contributions on the Romanian language. http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c... Page 25 of 25 ERRATA: (1) Jan. 29, 2005 – NATV changed to NATVR based on higher resolution image from http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/projects/miscellanea/cortona/cortona_images/ (1) Jan. 29, 2005 – IRI: LVS changed to PILVS based on http://vcg.isti.cnr.it image Please beam me back to Indo-European_Table 1 Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases Launched 1.09.04 Updated: 1.18.04;; 2.08.04; 2.22.04; 2.29.04; 3.02.04; 3.04.04; 3.06.04; 3.11.04; 3.15.04; 3.21.04; 3.25.04; 3.31.04; 4.03.04; 4.08.04; 4.10.04; 4.17.04; 5.08.04; 5.09.04; 5.22.04; 5.25.04; 6.20.04; 6.22.04; 7.03.04; 7.05.04; 7.12.04; 9.21.04; 9.25.04; 9.29.04; 10.10.04; 1.29.05; 4.14.05; 6.05.05; 2.23.06, 5.11.06; 5.31.06; 7.19.06; 10.08.11 Copyright © 1981-2011 Maravot. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981-2011 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved. Use of the information on this page is expressly forbidden for purposes of publication in any media without the prior written consent of the author . http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html 10/8/2011