Cov(LS)

Applicability 103 Position in the Life Cycle 104 Key Features 104 Strengths 104 Weaknesses 104 Technique 105 Change in Systems 105 Requirements and Assumptions 105 The Effect of Time 106 Assessing Requirements Stability 106 Alternative World Scenarios 106 Generating Scenarios 106 Requirements 107 Assessing Stability 107 Reviewing Requirement Stability 108 Instability Propagation 109 Using the Stability Assessment Results 110 Worked Example 110 Goals/Requirements for MSAW 110 Initial Assessment 111 Results Presentation 113 Propagation 113 Comparisons 115 Keywords 116 References 116 Recommended Reading 117 On'Alternative World'Scenarios 117 On Requirements Engineering 117 CHAPTER 7 NEGATIVE SCENARIOS AND MISUSE CASES Applicability 119 Roles in the Life Cycle 119 Key Features 120 Strengths 120 Weaknesses 120 Technique 120 Eliciting Hostile Roles 121 Eliciting Misuse Cases 122 Case 137 Keywords 138 References 138 Recommended Reading 139 CHAPTER 8 A UTHORING USE CASES Applicability 141 Position in the Life Cycle 141 Key Features 142 Strengths 143 Weaknesses 143 Technique 143 Why Do We Need Guidance on Authoring Use Cases? 143 Use Case Attributes 144 Other Attributes 146 Guidelines for Authoring Use Cases 147 General Use Case Guidelines 148 Scenario/Use Case Style Guidelines 149 Scenarios/Use Case Content Guidelines 151 Short Example 155 Comparisons 158 Keywords 159 References 159 Recommended Reading 160 CHAPTER 9 SYSTEMATIC SCENARIO WALKTHROUGHS WITH ART-SCENE

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2011

The need to generate original theory about information systems phenomena and ensure that such outputs are forward looking is an important concern. The paper gives examples of how IS project management practice and theories remain underpinned by concepts which do not map to experienced realities. The paper makes the case to use systems thinking approaches to unearth new theories to offer better explanations. In the pursuit of this goal, the paper first provides insight into the as-lived condition that makes human beings prone to being imprisoned by theories of yesteryear. This is done by discussing the role of language in cognition and theory development. In the IS literature, such discussions are limited despite the considerable attention to on types of theories and anatomies of theories. The paper claims and demonstrates why debate on theory cannot take place without explicit attention to aspects of cognition and as-lived existence. In the context of these discussions, the paper puts forward the suggestion that theoretical contributions rooted in systems concepts could allow for the emergence of forward-looking theory about IS phenomena. As a means of illuminating how to go about developing such theories, the paper provides a brief overview of how soft systems methodology and work systems method concepts can be used in a theorizing framework to achieve this. The main contributions to knowledge are two-fold. First, there is the inter-contextual coherence which is established by creating coherence between as-lived human experience, embodied cognition, theory, and language. Second, within such a context, we are able to demonstrate a pragmatic approach to generate better explanations about IS phenomena using systems concepts.

Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 2010

This paper addresses the present-day context of Systems Engineering, revisiting and setting up an updated framework for the SIMILAR process in order to use it to engineer the contemporary systems. The contemporary world is crowded of large interdisciplinary complex systems made of other systems, personnel, hardware, software, information, processes, and facilities. An integrated holistic approach is crucial to develop these systems and take proper account of their multifaceted nature and numerous interrelationships. As the system's complexity and extent grow, the number of parties involved (stakeholders and shareholders) usually also raises, bringing to the interaction a considerable amount of points of view, skills, responsibilities, and interests. The Systems Engineering approach aims to tackle the complex and interdisciplinary whole of those socio-technical systems, providing the means to enable their successful realization. Its exploitation in our modern world is assuming an increasing relevance noticeable by emergent standards, academic papers, international conferences, and postgraduate programmes in the field. This work aims to provide "the picture" of modern Systems Engineering, and to update the context of the SIMILAR process model in order to use this renewed framework to engineer the challenging contemporary systems. The emerging trends in the field are also pointed-out with particular reference to the Model-Based Systems Engineering approach.

1985

THE PROCESS OF SYSTEMS DESIGN: SOME PROBLEMS, PRINCIPLES AND PERSPECTIVES Abstract This paper explores issues that are central to designing, and particularly to the design of information systems. It portrays ...

2010

Topic–Systems thinking (see the INCOSE UK Z7 Guide) provides a common language for needs driven process integration. We take the thinking further and present the principles and methodologies used by the Systems Centre to integrate research processes drawn from ...

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014

Behaviour & Information Technology, 1996

A comparison of seventeen contingency models for system development (SD) led to the conclusion that no model supports all requested activities: diagnosing the context, describing alternative approaches, matching context and approach, looking at social organizational issues, and supporting a dynamic ® t between context and approach. This study paid special attention to the social and organizational aspects of system development. Our contingency model speci® es ® ve possible types of risk (functional uncertainty, con¯ict potential, technical uncertainty and resistance potential) in system development that should be controlled. For each type, a corresponding proposition about its control was derived from this m odel and analysed in seven system development processes. We succeeded in explaining the outcome of the development process through the ® t between context and situation, thereby gaining some preliminary support for the model. Still, the limitations of such a contingency model are to be taken seriously.

Systems Engineering/Test and Evaluation Conference, 27-29 October, Canberra, 2003

This paper discusses the need for the development of a theoretical framework for Systems Engineering to facilitate recognition of Systems Engineering as a discipline and to provide a fundamental basis for advancing the practice of Systems Engineering. Systems Engineering concerns the development of systems that satisfy the real needs of those who call for the systems to be created. Such systems are not tangible things that can be analysed as objects to be inspected and described, but rather systems interact with their users and stakeholders in a complex manner, where the introduction of the system perturbs the pre-existent situation, resulting in a need for sophisticated methodologies to analyse and predict outcomes of system creation and deployment. The paper exposes and discusses a range of research methodologies that are appropriate for contributing to the development of a coherent framework of Systems Engineering.

INCOSE's definition of SE was compared to the aspirations set out in SE Vision 2025 for SE as it ought to be to address modern challenges. Doing this led us to three fundamental realisations. First, while " 20 th century systems " were, for the most part, " deterministic " or nearly so, 21 st century systems are on the other hand increasingly non-deterministic, adaptive or " evolutionary ". Second, while " 20 th Century Systems Engineering Management " was implicitly based on a " command and control " paradigm, 21 st Century Systems Engineering, to be successful, will usually need to use a more collaborative leadership paradigm. And third, that while 20 th Century systems were largely " single systems " , designed to " solve " specific problems, 21 st Century systems are almost invariably networked, and are parts of complex extended enterprises with multiple, often conflicting, stakeholder objectives, that are intimately related to complex societal challenges. We used elements of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to understand the implication and consequences of the paradigm shift implied by these realisations. A revised strawman definition of Systems Engineering is offered for consideration by INCOSE, showing the changes that would be required to take these and related factors into account.