International Conference on Information Systems, 1981
The helpful comments of Professors Rob Kling, Henry Lucas, Michael Ginzberg and Margrethe Olson, ... more The helpful comments of Professors Rob Kling, Henry Lucas, Michael Ginzberg and Margrethe Olson, as well as those of three anonymous revieweres are gratefully acknowledged.
c o n f l i c t , s o c i a l s u p p o r t , d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s , and autono... more c o n f l i c t , s o c i a l s u p p o r t , d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s , and autonomy; and (c) o r g a n i z a t i o n a l commitment. R e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t emotional exhaustion i s most s t r o n g l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r o l e c o n f l i c t and q u a n t i t a t i v e workload. F e e l i n g s of personal accomplishment were a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s u p e r v i s o r y s o c i a l support and job l e v e l. D e p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n was a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r o l e c o n f l i c t and d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s. F i n a l l y , each burnout component is s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e l a t e d t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l commitment .
One of the primary methods of instruction in business education is the case. However, some of the... more One of the primary methods of instruction in business education is the case. However, some of the basic learning goals associated with case instruction are compromised by its form of presentation. We have used new forms of media, involving computing and communication, to build a novel learning environment, the Living Case, which flexibly and interactively presents cases along with dynamic, ongoing feedback to students while they work. Key to providing meaningful assistance daring case analysis is the ability to model and interpret student behavior. Several investigations were conducted in order to understand the process of case analysis. Case analysis is characterized as a problem solving activity driven by comprehension and reasoning operators. Twelve hours of protocols are analyzed using "retelling profiles" as an interpretation mechanism for further specifying the operators involved in analyzing a case. Retelling profiles are visual time plots of the activities undertaken in a reading task. Our preliminary results suggest a deeper structure to case analysis which is common across business disciplines, cases, and analysts, and therefore implementable in a system like Living Case. Differences between the analysis strategies of experts and novices are formalized in terms of the experts' use of "templates" of typical company behaviors. This provides the basis for building mechanisms to instruct and reorient case analysts using the Living Case system. The Living Case system is described along with some of the insights gained during its construction. Future research directions and instructional uses of the system are also discussed.
An important determinant of user performance is the degree of fit between user interface (UI) att... more An important determinant of user performance is the degree of fit between user interface (UI) attributes and user characteristics, moderated by cognitive and demographic variables. Culture is one moderating variable which is often overlooked by UI designers. This study evaluates the effect of the presence of color in the UI on user performance for two distinct cultural groups, Japanese and Americans. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment involving American subjects (N=12) and Japanese subjects w 1 2) performing 40 elementary database retrieval tasks using an interface with 8 background colors. The results suggest that American subjects react more strongly than Japanese subjects do to color stimuli, Japanese subjects appear to be disrupted by the use of color in the user interface, and there is no relationship between color preferences and performance.
It is argued that the process of knowledge elicitation differs substantially from that of traditi... more It is argued that the process of knowledge elicitation differs substantially from that of traditional sysrerns analysis. These differences are identified and described. The implication of this observation is that significant retraining of information systems professionals and reorientation of management will be required if knowledge based systems are to be used extensiveiy in business organizations.
Numerous software products claiming to improve work group productivity are making their way into ... more Numerous software products claiming to improve work group productivity are making their way into the marketplace. How is a manager to decide whether or not to invest in these products? This paper proposes a suitable method of formulating the evaluation problem for work group application products. The issue of normal software evaluation is considered first. Then group work is described and contrasted with individual work activities. A two-level evaluation strategy consisting of broad coverage and detailed analysis is introduced. Detailed analysis consists of functional performance, administration, and fit applied across task, group and communications domains. Examples, drawn from some of the products demonstrated at this Symposium, are used to illustrate how this methodology may be applied.
The findings suggest t h a t by improving dialogue q u a l i t y , taking advantage of two way co... more The findings suggest t h a t by improving dialogue q u a l i t y , taking advantage of two way communication t o reduce uncertainty, using smaller and l e s s integrated systems and matching system performance t o operator needs a job can be created t h a t i s l i k e l y t o improve both operator well-being and effectiveness.
As organizational environments become more turbulent and complex and as uncertainty about the fut... more As organizational environments become more turbulent and complex and as uncertainty about the future increases, reliance on quantitative decision-making approaches for strategic planning becomes less appropriate. Scenario analysis can be an effective qualitative technique for enhancing strategic planning. Typically, scenarios are presented as alternate futures. Some theorists, however, have suggested that forward and backward thinking are different cognitive processes. In this study, we investigate the effect of presenting scenarios retrospectively; that is, as if future events had already happened. A repeated measures laboratory study compared the performance of professional planners (n = 64) using prospective and retrospective scenarios in two simulated business planning tasks. Measures consisted of objective factors (number of individual planning statements and number of monitoring statements), subjective factors (quality based on an 18-question rating instrument), and subject attitudes concerning their experience with the two treatments. Results suggest that use of retrospective scenarios do increase the number of planning statements. In addition, plans prepared using retrospective scenarios were rated higher overall than those prepared with prospective scenarios. Moreover, evidence emerged that a subset of subjects were better able to make use of the retrospective technique, suggesting that selection along with training may improve planning performance.
Statin medications reduce cardiovascular events, but many patients never start taking their presc... more Statin medications reduce cardiovascular events, but many patients never start taking their prescribed statin (primary nonadherence). Limited knowledge exists about the attitudes and beliefs of those with primary nonadherence. In this study, patients with primary nonadherence to statin medications (n = 173) completed a selfadministered cross-sectional survey that assessed their attitudes and beliefs related to primary nonadherence and to potential motivators for statin use. Patients were recruited in 2019 from two academic health systems and nationwide internet advertisements. Only 49 of 173 (28.3%) patients with primary nonadherence reported having cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ninety-nine patients (57.2%) never filled their prescription, and 74 (42.8%) filled but never took any statin. Over half failed to initially inform their prescriber they might not take the statin. Patients strongly or somewhat agreed that they desired alternate treatment plans such as diet and/or exercise (n = 134; 77.4%) or natural remedies/dietary supplements (n = 125; 72.3%). Ninety-eight (56.6%) stronglyor somewhat worried about the possibility of statin dependence or addiction. Twenty-seven (15.6%) patients noted that they would not take a statin based solely on CVD risk estimates; 50 (28.9%) selected a CVD risk threshold of >20%; and 23 (13.3%) a threshold of >50% as motivating factors to take statins. Patients with primary nonadherence have attitudes about taking statins based on CVD risk that differ from scientific recommendations, may not tell providers about their hesitation to take statins, and likely prefer alternative initial approaches to cholesterol lowering. Early shared decision-making and assessment of patient attitudes about statins could potentially better align initial approaches for CVD risk reduction.
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2021
Background: Despite emphasis on efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), 13% to 34% of pe... more Background: Despite emphasis on efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), 13% to 34% of people never fill a prescribed statin (primary nonadherence). This study determined perceptions of adults with primary nonadherence to statins. Methods: Ten focus groups were conducted with 61 adults reporting primary nonadherence to statins (93% without known CVD). Participants were recruited from an academic medical center and nationwide Internet advertisements. Results: Major themes related to primary nonadherence were 1) desire to pursue alternatives before starting a statin (eg, diet and/or exercise, dietary supplements), 2) worry about risks and adverse effects of statins, 3) perceptions of good personal health (suggesting that a statin was not needed), and 4) doubt about the benefits of statins in the absence of disease. Additional themes included mistrust of the pharmaceutical industry, mistrust of prescribing providers, inadequate provider communication about statins, and negative prior experiences with medication. Although rare, a few patients said that high cholesterol does not require treatment if it is genetic. One third noted during focus group discussions that they did not communicate their decision not to take a statin to providers. Conclusions: Adults with primary nonadherence to statins describe seeking alternatives, avoiding perceived risks of statins, poor acceptance/understanding of CVD risk estimates, and doubts about the benefits of statins. Many do not disclose their decisions to providers, thus highlighting the need for provider awareness of the potential for primary nonadherence at the point of prescribing, and the need for future work to develop strategies to identify patients with potential primary nonadherence.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on …, 1980
The quality of information systems research has been questioned in the literature. This paper dis... more The quality of information systems research has been questioned in the literature. This paper discusses several methodological problems that have compromised past research: making variables operational, omission of key variables, and inappropriate inferences. Strategies and examples are presented for coping with these problems.
This paper considers four aspects of end user computing:false stereotypes, information tasks supp... more This paper considers four aspects of end user computing:false stereotypes, information tasks supported, inconsistencybetween flexibility and formal systems, andcontributions made by information technology.
Quite simply, the fact is that we do not understand very much about designing complex, computer b... more Quite simply, the fact is that we do not understand very much about designing complex, computer based information systems. I mean that we don't know what system design consists of, we don't know how it is done, and we don't know how to teach it. Furthermore, ...
TlB ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH INTEGRATED OFFICE SYSTEXS: A CASE STUDY IN COMHERCIAL BANKING Jon A... more TlB ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH INTEGRATED OFFICE SYSTEXS: A CASE STUDY IN COMHERCIAL BANKING Jon A. Turner November 1985 Center for Research on Information Systems Computer Applications and Information Systems Area Graduate School of ...
International Conference on Information Systems, 1994
Abstract A number of Information Systems journals published and edited in North America for inany... more Abstract A number of Information Systems journals published and edited in North America for inany years have been, up until relatively recently, the only avenue for Information Systems researchers to reach an international audience. There have been, however, increasing numbers of international Information Systemsjournals published outside North America in recent years reflecting the growth in interest and activity in the topic worldwide.
NYU: IOMS: Information Systems Working Papers (Topic), 1988
Papers from the New York University symposium on [title] held June, 1986. Organized into three se... more Papers from the New York University symposium on [title] held June, 1986. Organized into three sections: theory, implementation, and problems. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
International Conference on Information Systems, 1981
The helpful comments of Professors Rob Kling, Henry Lucas, Michael Ginzberg and Margrethe Olson, ... more The helpful comments of Professors Rob Kling, Henry Lucas, Michael Ginzberg and Margrethe Olson, as well as those of three anonymous revieweres are gratefully acknowledged.
c o n f l i c t , s o c i a l s u p p o r t , d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s , and autono... more c o n f l i c t , s o c i a l s u p p o r t , d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s , and autonomy; and (c) o r g a n i z a t i o n a l commitment. R e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t emotional exhaustion i s most s t r o n g l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r o l e c o n f l i c t and q u a n t i t a t i v e workload. F e e l i n g s of personal accomplishment were a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s u p e r v i s o r y s o c i a l support and job l e v e l. D e p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n was a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r o l e c o n f l i c t and d e c i s i o n making p o l i c i e s. F i n a l l y , each burnout component is s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e l a t e d t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l commitment .
One of the primary methods of instruction in business education is the case. However, some of the... more One of the primary methods of instruction in business education is the case. However, some of the basic learning goals associated with case instruction are compromised by its form of presentation. We have used new forms of media, involving computing and communication, to build a novel learning environment, the Living Case, which flexibly and interactively presents cases along with dynamic, ongoing feedback to students while they work. Key to providing meaningful assistance daring case analysis is the ability to model and interpret student behavior. Several investigations were conducted in order to understand the process of case analysis. Case analysis is characterized as a problem solving activity driven by comprehension and reasoning operators. Twelve hours of protocols are analyzed using "retelling profiles" as an interpretation mechanism for further specifying the operators involved in analyzing a case. Retelling profiles are visual time plots of the activities undertaken in a reading task. Our preliminary results suggest a deeper structure to case analysis which is common across business disciplines, cases, and analysts, and therefore implementable in a system like Living Case. Differences between the analysis strategies of experts and novices are formalized in terms of the experts' use of "templates" of typical company behaviors. This provides the basis for building mechanisms to instruct and reorient case analysts using the Living Case system. The Living Case system is described along with some of the insights gained during its construction. Future research directions and instructional uses of the system are also discussed.
An important determinant of user performance is the degree of fit between user interface (UI) att... more An important determinant of user performance is the degree of fit between user interface (UI) attributes and user characteristics, moderated by cognitive and demographic variables. Culture is one moderating variable which is often overlooked by UI designers. This study evaluates the effect of the presence of color in the UI on user performance for two distinct cultural groups, Japanese and Americans. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment involving American subjects (N=12) and Japanese subjects w 1 2) performing 40 elementary database retrieval tasks using an interface with 8 background colors. The results suggest that American subjects react more strongly than Japanese subjects do to color stimuli, Japanese subjects appear to be disrupted by the use of color in the user interface, and there is no relationship between color preferences and performance.
It is argued that the process of knowledge elicitation differs substantially from that of traditi... more It is argued that the process of knowledge elicitation differs substantially from that of traditional sysrerns analysis. These differences are identified and described. The implication of this observation is that significant retraining of information systems professionals and reorientation of management will be required if knowledge based systems are to be used extensiveiy in business organizations.
Numerous software products claiming to improve work group productivity are making their way into ... more Numerous software products claiming to improve work group productivity are making their way into the marketplace. How is a manager to decide whether or not to invest in these products? This paper proposes a suitable method of formulating the evaluation problem for work group application products. The issue of normal software evaluation is considered first. Then group work is described and contrasted with individual work activities. A two-level evaluation strategy consisting of broad coverage and detailed analysis is introduced. Detailed analysis consists of functional performance, administration, and fit applied across task, group and communications domains. Examples, drawn from some of the products demonstrated at this Symposium, are used to illustrate how this methodology may be applied.
The findings suggest t h a t by improving dialogue q u a l i t y , taking advantage of two way co... more The findings suggest t h a t by improving dialogue q u a l i t y , taking advantage of two way communication t o reduce uncertainty, using smaller and l e s s integrated systems and matching system performance t o operator needs a job can be created t h a t i s l i k e l y t o improve both operator well-being and effectiveness.
As organizational environments become more turbulent and complex and as uncertainty about the fut... more As organizational environments become more turbulent and complex and as uncertainty about the future increases, reliance on quantitative decision-making approaches for strategic planning becomes less appropriate. Scenario analysis can be an effective qualitative technique for enhancing strategic planning. Typically, scenarios are presented as alternate futures. Some theorists, however, have suggested that forward and backward thinking are different cognitive processes. In this study, we investigate the effect of presenting scenarios retrospectively; that is, as if future events had already happened. A repeated measures laboratory study compared the performance of professional planners (n = 64) using prospective and retrospective scenarios in two simulated business planning tasks. Measures consisted of objective factors (number of individual planning statements and number of monitoring statements), subjective factors (quality based on an 18-question rating instrument), and subject attitudes concerning their experience with the two treatments. Results suggest that use of retrospective scenarios do increase the number of planning statements. In addition, plans prepared using retrospective scenarios were rated higher overall than those prepared with prospective scenarios. Moreover, evidence emerged that a subset of subjects were better able to make use of the retrospective technique, suggesting that selection along with training may improve planning performance.
Statin medications reduce cardiovascular events, but many patients never start taking their presc... more Statin medications reduce cardiovascular events, but many patients never start taking their prescribed statin (primary nonadherence). Limited knowledge exists about the attitudes and beliefs of those with primary nonadherence. In this study, patients with primary nonadherence to statin medications (n = 173) completed a selfadministered cross-sectional survey that assessed their attitudes and beliefs related to primary nonadherence and to potential motivators for statin use. Patients were recruited in 2019 from two academic health systems and nationwide internet advertisements. Only 49 of 173 (28.3%) patients with primary nonadherence reported having cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ninety-nine patients (57.2%) never filled their prescription, and 74 (42.8%) filled but never took any statin. Over half failed to initially inform their prescriber they might not take the statin. Patients strongly or somewhat agreed that they desired alternate treatment plans such as diet and/or exercise (n = 134; 77.4%) or natural remedies/dietary supplements (n = 125; 72.3%). Ninety-eight (56.6%) stronglyor somewhat worried about the possibility of statin dependence or addiction. Twenty-seven (15.6%) patients noted that they would not take a statin based solely on CVD risk estimates; 50 (28.9%) selected a CVD risk threshold of >20%; and 23 (13.3%) a threshold of >50% as motivating factors to take statins. Patients with primary nonadherence have attitudes about taking statins based on CVD risk that differ from scientific recommendations, may not tell providers about their hesitation to take statins, and likely prefer alternative initial approaches to cholesterol lowering. Early shared decision-making and assessment of patient attitudes about statins could potentially better align initial approaches for CVD risk reduction.
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2021
Background: Despite emphasis on efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), 13% to 34% of pe... more Background: Despite emphasis on efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), 13% to 34% of people never fill a prescribed statin (primary nonadherence). This study determined perceptions of adults with primary nonadherence to statins. Methods: Ten focus groups were conducted with 61 adults reporting primary nonadherence to statins (93% without known CVD). Participants were recruited from an academic medical center and nationwide Internet advertisements. Results: Major themes related to primary nonadherence were 1) desire to pursue alternatives before starting a statin (eg, diet and/or exercise, dietary supplements), 2) worry about risks and adverse effects of statins, 3) perceptions of good personal health (suggesting that a statin was not needed), and 4) doubt about the benefits of statins in the absence of disease. Additional themes included mistrust of the pharmaceutical industry, mistrust of prescribing providers, inadequate provider communication about statins, and negative prior experiences with medication. Although rare, a few patients said that high cholesterol does not require treatment if it is genetic. One third noted during focus group discussions that they did not communicate their decision not to take a statin to providers. Conclusions: Adults with primary nonadherence to statins describe seeking alternatives, avoiding perceived risks of statins, poor acceptance/understanding of CVD risk estimates, and doubts about the benefits of statins. Many do not disclose their decisions to providers, thus highlighting the need for provider awareness of the potential for primary nonadherence at the point of prescribing, and the need for future work to develop strategies to identify patients with potential primary nonadherence.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on …, 1980
The quality of information systems research has been questioned in the literature. This paper dis... more The quality of information systems research has been questioned in the literature. This paper discusses several methodological problems that have compromised past research: making variables operational, omission of key variables, and inappropriate inferences. Strategies and examples are presented for coping with these problems.
This paper considers four aspects of end user computing:false stereotypes, information tasks supp... more This paper considers four aspects of end user computing:false stereotypes, information tasks supported, inconsistencybetween flexibility and formal systems, andcontributions made by information technology.
Quite simply, the fact is that we do not understand very much about designing complex, computer b... more Quite simply, the fact is that we do not understand very much about designing complex, computer based information systems. I mean that we don't know what system design consists of, we don't know how it is done, and we don't know how to teach it. Furthermore, ...
TlB ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH INTEGRATED OFFICE SYSTEXS: A CASE STUDY IN COMHERCIAL BANKING Jon A... more TlB ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH INTEGRATED OFFICE SYSTEXS: A CASE STUDY IN COMHERCIAL BANKING Jon A. Turner November 1985 Center for Research on Information Systems Computer Applications and Information Systems Area Graduate School of ...
International Conference on Information Systems, 1994
Abstract A number of Information Systems journals published and edited in North America for inany... more Abstract A number of Information Systems journals published and edited in North America for inany years have been, up until relatively recently, the only avenue for Information Systems researchers to reach an international audience. There have been, however, increasing numbers of international Information Systemsjournals published outside North America in recent years reflecting the growth in interest and activity in the topic worldwide.
NYU: IOMS: Information Systems Working Papers (Topic), 1988
Papers from the New York University symposium on [title] held June, 1986. Organized into three se... more Papers from the New York University symposium on [title] held June, 1986. Organized into three sections: theory, implementation, and problems. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
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Papers by Jon Turner