Le turc

Journal of Language Teaching and Research

This study aims at tracking the various semantic changes of Arabic loanwords in Turkish (ALTs). The loanword data of the study were collected from a number of dictionaries including Sapan’s (2005) dictionary and Webster's Turkish-English Thesaurus Dictionary. Six types of semantic change are found at work in ALTs, the most frequent of which is radical semantic shift which represents more than 64% of the total loanword data followed by the processes of narrowing (20%) and widening (8%). The other three types have marginal roles to play in the semantic change process. Radical shifts involve some interesting cases which are peculiar to Turkish and are pertaining to the phenomenon of semantic replacement. The linguistic and extralinguistic factors like lexical need, the diachronic factor, the speaker’s miscomprehension and ignorance upon loanword incorporation are among the factors that lead to and affect the direction of semantic change of ALTs.

Chierchia (1998) proposed that the semantic type of nouns varies across languages: in some languages, nouns denote entities; in others, nouns denote predicates; in yet others, nouns of both types are attested. Chierchia posits the existence of two parameters to account for this division—namely [±arg], which determines whether a language contains nouns denoting arguments, and [±pred], which determines whether a language contains nouns denoting predicates. Chierchia then makes generalizations about each group. This paper examines the noun phrase semantics of Turkish. My analysis shows that not all [+arg, −pred] languages have nouns that act alike: while Turkish patterns in key ways with Chinese, a [+arg, −pred] language, it does not follow all of Chierchia’s predictions for [+arg, −pred] languages. In particular, it appears that some Turkish nouns, while being “mass” in the sense that they denote kinds, are countable.

Adnan Atabek (AA) is a very important Turkish linguistics expert. Since 2002, he has been working on the basic rules of Turkish, the rules for the transition of Turkish roots to other languages and the Sun Language Theory. According to him, Turkish roots are still widely and clearly used in other languages. But there are transitions that are not as easy to notice as those that are apparent. It is not enough to show the similarity of sound and meaning of common words to show commonality. Moreover, this often leads to errors. It is necessary to consider the concepts holistically and comparatively in terms of many languages. They should be considered in terms of its historical and cultural process. According to AA, real etymology should not proceed through the comparison of individual words and finding similarity, but through what he called "field research". Mainstream western linguistics never do this. It is necessary to find, reveal and exemplify the laws of conceptual commonalities. Only then is any language thesis proven true. AA is researching with this thought and has found many transitional laws until today. These rules prove that Turkish gives roots to other languages (from different "families") and is a founding language. In this article, I will explain those laws and give ample examples.

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1989

Formalising Natural Languages with NooJ, 2013

International Journal of English Linguistics, 2020

This study investigates the phonological and morphological adaptation of Turkish loanwords of Arabic origin to reveal aspects of native speakers' knowledge that are not necessarily obvious. It accounts for numerous modification processes that these loanwords undergo when borrowed into Turkish. To achieve this, a corpus of 250 Turkish loanwords was collected and analyzed whereby these loanwords were compared to their Arabic counterparts to reveal phonological processes that Turkish followed to adapt them. Also, it tackles the treatment of morphological markings and compound forms in Turkish loanwords. The results show that adaptation processes are mostly phonological, albeit informed by phonetics and other linguistic factors. It is shown that the adaptation processes are geared towards unmarkedness in that faithfulness to the source input-Arabic-is violated, taking the burden to satisfy Turkish phonological constraints. Turkish loanwords of Arabic origin undergo a number of phonological processes, e.g., substitution, deletion, degemination, vowel harmony, and epenthesis for the purpose of repairing the ill-formedness. The Arabic feminine singular and plural morphemes are treated as part of the root, with fossilized functions of such markers. Also, compound forms are fused and word class is changed to fit the syntactic structure of Turkish. Such loanwords help pave the way to invoke latent native Turkish linguistic constraints.

International journal of Eurasian linguistics, 2022

1 becermek cannot be related to başarmak, as has generally been assumed, because no ʃ > ʤ process exists in this language and because harmony classes are phonological in Turkic. Its source might be Persian bajā 'in place, right, proper'. The only reason for the appearance of the name of the medieval Khazars in an entry Hazar seems to have been that the author fancied the etymology of this name from a verb kaz-which he translates as 'to wander, to wander about'; but there is no such verb. The Caspian Sea is known as Hazar denizi in Turkish, but that is not mentioned in the dictionary.

The journal TURKIC LANGUAGES is devoted to linguistic Turcology. It addresses descriptive, comparative, synchronic, diachronic, theoretical and methodological problems of the study of Turkic languages including questions of genealogical,

Morphological units carry vast amount of semantic information for languages with rich inflec-tional and derivational morphology. In this paper we show how morphosemantic information available for morphologically rich languages can be used to reduce manual effort in creating semantic resources like PropBank and VerbNet; to increase performance of word sense disam-biguation, semantic role labeling and related tasks. We test the consistency of these features in a pilot study for Turkish and show that; 1) Case markers are related with semantic roles and 2) Morphemes that change the valency of the verb follow a predictable pattern.