Fracture orientation in Maros, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2360, 030003 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059517
Published Online: 28 September 2021
Muhammad Altin Massinai, Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah Massinai, Ayusari Wahyuni, et al.
AIP Conference Proceedings 2360, 030003 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059517
© 2021 Author(s).
2360, 030003
)UDFWXUH2ULHQWDWLRQLQ0DURV6RXWK6XODZHVL,QGRQHVLD
0XKDPPDG$OWLQ0DVVLQDLD 0XKDPPDG)DZ]\,VPXOODK0DVVLQDL $\XVDUL
:DK\XQL $\\XE$OTDGUL DQG-HIUL1DLQJJRODQ
'HSDUWPHQWRI*HRSK\VLFV+DVDQXGGLQ8QLYHUVLW\0DNDVVDU,QGRQHVLD
'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLFV$ODXGGLQ6WDWH,VODPLF8QLYHUVLW\0DNDVVDU,QGRQHVLD
D
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUDOWLQ#VFLHQFHXQKDVDFLG
$EVWUDFW 6RLOV DQG URFNV FDQ XQGHUJR GHIRUPDWLRQ DQG VHGLPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVVHV ZKLFK DUH DUFKLWHFWXUDO JHRORJLFDO
VWUXFWXUHV7KHJHRORJLFDOIRUPDWLRQRIDQDUHDJHQHUDOO\UHIHUVWRILHOGREVHUYDWLRQVDQGVHFRQGDU\GDWD&RQVLGHUDWLRQ
KDV EHHQ FDUULHGRXW DW WZR ORFDWLRQV LQ 0DURV 5HJHQF\ 6RXWK 6XODZHVL 3URYLQFH ZLWK WKH DLP RI WKH VWXG\ EHLQJ WR
GHWHUPLQHWKHVWUHVVRULHQWDWLRQLQWKHDUHD7KLVREVHUYDWLRQXVHVDJHRORJLFDOFRPSDVVWRPHDVXUHVWULNHDQGGLSVKDSHV
ZKLFKDUHWKHQSURFHVVHGWRSURGXFHD5RVHWWH'LDJUDP%DVHGRQWKH5RVHWWHGLDJUDPREWDLQHGLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDW
WKH SULQFLSDO VWUHVV LQ WKH DUHD KDV RULHQWDWLRQ DURXQG WKH QRUWKZHVWVRXWKHDVW ,W LV VXVSHFWHG WKDW WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI
IUDFWXUHV LQ WKH 0DURV 5HJHQF\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ YROFDQLVP LQ WKH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH &DPED IRUPDWLRQ )XUWKHUPRUH WKLV
JHRORJLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQLVH[SHFWHGWREHXVHGDVDFRPSDULVRQLQUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRJHRVFLHQFH
,1752'8&7,21
7KHJHRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHLVDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHIRUPRIDFRPSLODWLRQRIURFNDUFKLWHFWXUHIURPWKHHDUWK VFUXVW
GXHWRVHGLPHQWDWLRQDQGGHIRUPDWLRQ7KHVWUDLQPD\EHDFWLQJRQWKHSODQHWWKDWFDXVHVDFKDQJHLQWKHVKDSHDQG
VL]H RI URFNV 7KH GHIRUPDWLRQ UHVXOWV DUH LQ WKH IRUP RI JHRORJLFDO VWUXFWXUHV ZKLFK DUH IROGV IUDFWXUHV DQG
IDXOWV>@)UDFWXUHVDUHIRXQGHGLQWKHRXWFURSLQ0DURV5HJHQF\6RXWK6XODZHVLZKLFKLVORFDWHGDORQJWKHURDG
DQG QHDU WKH VHWWOHPHQW 7KH DPRXQW RI SUHVVXUH DW ZRUN LV WKH WHFWRQLF SRZHU WKDW LQIOXHQFHV WKLV VLWXDWLRQ 7KLV
UHVHDUFKLVEDVHGRQILHOGDQGOLWHUDWXUHVWXGLHVDLPHGWRLGHQWLI\VWUHVVRULHQWDWLRQLQWKHDUHDZKLFKZDVFRQGXFWHG
DWWZRORFDWLRQV
)UDFWXUH LV FUDFN VWUXFWXUHV WKDW IRUP RQ URFNV ZLWK OLWWOH RU QR VKLIWLQJ >@ ,WV IXQGDPHQWDO GLVFRQQHFW VKRZV
IUDFWXUHV LQ URFNV ZKLFK LV FDXVHG E\ GHIRUPDWLRQ RU SK\VLFDO GLDJHQHWLF >@ )UDFWXUHV FDQ IRUP GXH WR VHYHUDO
IDFWRUVVXFKDVWHPSHUDWXUHIOXLGSUHVVXUHLQWKHSRUHVWUDLQUDWHDQGVWUHVV>@)UDFWXUHVDUHFRQVWUXFWHGIURP
SLHFHVRIGHPDQGRULJLQDWLQJIURPWKHWHFWRQLFIRUFH7KHVWUHVVLVPDUNHGE\ıDVWKHPD[LPXPVWUHVVıDQGı
DVWKHPLQLPXPVWUHVVDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH>@
%DVHGRQWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIVKLIWLQJIUDFWXUHLQURFNVFODVVLILHGLQWRH[WHQVLRQDQGVKHDUIUDFWXUH6KHDUIUDFWXUHV
DUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\SDUDOOHOPRYHPHQWVRIWKHIUDFWXUHSODQHZKLOHH[WHQVLRQIUDFWXUHVPRYHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKH
IUDFWXUHSODQH>@6KHDUIUDFWXUHKDVDIUDFWXUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFWKDWLVIRXQGLQSDLUVWKHGLUHFWLRQLVSDUDOOHODQGKDVD
IODW IUDFWXUH SODQH 7KLV IUDFWXUH FRQVLVWV RI D WHQVLRQDO MRLQW DQG VKHDU MRLQW 7HQVLRQDO MRLQW SDLUHG VKDSH URXJK
VXUIDFHVKDSHGOLNHDER[DQGSDUDOOHORJUDPDQGKDVODUJHFUDFNRSHQLQJV7KHQWKHWHQVLRQDOMRLQWLVDFUDFNWKDWLV
SDWWHUQHGSDUDOOHOWRWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHPDLQIRUFH7KHVKHDUMRLQWKDVDFKDUDFWHULVWLFVKDSHRIFUDFNWKDWIRUPV
KRUL]RQWDOOLQHVKDVVPDOOFUDFNRSHQLQJVDQGWKHVXUIDFHLVVOLSSHU\EHFDXVHRIWHQVFRXUV>@>@
The 6th International Conference on Basic Sciences 2020 (ICBS 2020)
AIP Conf. Proc. 2360, 030003-1–030003-7; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059517
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4116-3/$30.00
030003-1
),*85(6WUHVVDQGIUDFWXUHFURVVVHFWLRQ>@
2ULHQWDWLRQRIIUDFWXUHFDQEHXQLIRUPRUUDQGRP>@6RZHQHHGWRROWRLQWHUSUHWVWUHVVRULHQWDWLRQRQUHVHDUFK
ORFDWLRQ3RZHUIXOWRROVIRUYLVXDOO\UHSUHVHQWLQJWZRGLPHQVLRQDORULHQWDWLRQGDWDDUH5RVHWWH'LDJUDP>@5RVHWWH
'LDJUDP LV RQH RI PHWKRGV ZKLFK XVXDOO\ XVLQJ WR JHW IDFWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ IRU YDULRXV SUREOHPV VXFK DV UHVHDUFK
DERXWIUDFWXUHGOLPHVWRQHDW6SLUHVODFNRSHQFDVWFRDOSLW6FRWODQG8.>@WHFWRQLFPRGHODQGWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO
IUDFWXUH QHWZRUN DQDO\VLV RI 0RQWH $OSL VRXWKHUQ $SHQQLQHV >@ VORSH VWDELOLW\ KD]DUGV DW 3DFD\D 9ROFDQRHV ±
*XDWHPDOD>@IUDFWXUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGVWUHVVGLUHFWLRQVLQWKHTXDWHUQDU\VHGLPHQWVRIWKH8OOHXQJ%DVLQ±(DVW
6HD>@7KHH[LVWHQFHRIVXFKJHRORJLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEHXWLOL]HGE\SHRSOHZRUNLQJLQILHOGVUHODWHGWRHDUWK
VFLHQFHDVSUHOLPLQDU\GDWDIRUIXUWKHUUHVHDUFK
5(6($5&+0$7(5,$/$1'0(7+2'
7KHDFTXLVLWLRQRIIUDFWXUHRULHQWDWLRQGDWDVWULNHDQGGLSLVWKHSULPDU\GDWDREWDLQHGIURPILHOGPHDVXUHPHQWV
XVLQJDJHRORJLFDOFRPSDVV )LJXUH 0HDVXUHPHQWVZHUHPDGHUHSHDWHGO\LQRXWFURSVDWWKHVHORFDWLRQV7KHGDWD
FROOHFWHGZHUHWKHQSURFHVVHGIRUGLVSOD\LQWKHIRUPRI5RVHWWH'LDJUDPXVLQJDSURJUDPGHVLJQHGWRSHUIRUPWKH
DQDO\VLVRIJHRORJLFDOGDWDRULHQWDWLRQ
),*85($FTXLVLWLRQRIGDWDDWRQHRIWKHVWXG\VLWHV
030003-2
7KLV GLDJUDP VWDUWV ZLWK WKH KRUL]RQWDO SODQH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH HTXDWRULDO FLUFOH 5DGLDO KLVWRJUDPV ZLWK DUF
DQG QRW VWHP VHJPHQWV DUH ORRSHG RQ WKLV FLUFOH VKRZLQJ WKH GHQVLW\ RI WKH SODQH WKDW LQWHUVHFWV WKLV KRUL]RQWDO
VXUIDFH 7KH UDGLDO RULHQWDWLRQ D]LPXWK ERXQGDU\ RI WKH DUF VHJPHQW FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH UDQJH RI VWULNH ILHOGV RU
JURXSVRIDUHDVUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKDWVHJPHQW,QRWKHUZRUGVD5RVHWWH'LDJUDPLVDUDGLDOKLVWRJUDPRIWKHGHQVLW\
RUIUHTXHQF\RIDVWULNH>@
),*85(5HVHDUFKDUHD $FFHVVHGIURP*RJJOH(DUWKRQ
7KHUHVHDUFKDUHDLVORFDWHGLQWZRORFDWLRQVLQWKH0DURV5HJHQF\6RXWK6XODZHVL7KHILUVWORFDWLRQLVVLWXDWHG
LQ3DWWRQWRQJDQ9LOODJHDQGWKHVHFRQGLVORFDWHGLQ3DFFHOHNDQJ9LOODJH )LJXUH *HRORJLFDOO\WKHDUHDLVLQWKH
030003-3
&DPED )RUPDWLRQ WKDW ZDV IRUPHG DORQJ WKH ZHVWHUQ SDUW RI 6RXWK 6XODZHVL 9ROFDQLF URFNV DUH WKH PDLQ
FRQVWLWXHQWVRIWKHVHIRUPDWLRQVZKLFKLQWHUVHFWZLWKPDULQHVHGLPHQWDU\URFNVRIWKHDUHD7KLVIRUPDWLRQPD\EH
UHODWHGWRHDUOLHUVXEGXFWLRQLQWKH(DUO\0LRFHQHGXULQJLQWUDSODWHVSUHDGLQJ>@ $Q(DUO\0LRFHQHVXEGXFWLRQLV
UHODWHGWRWLOWLQJIROGLQJDQGWKUXVWLQJRQYROFDQLFVHGLPHQWDU\VXFFHVVLRQVZLWK0LGGOH(RFHQH±/RZHU0LRFHQH
DJHV3OLRFHQH±3OHLVWRFHQHIRUPDWLRQVUHVWGLUHFWO\RQWKDWVXFFHVVLRQV>@
5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
)UDFWXUHLVD W\SHRIURFNVWUXFWXUHLQWKH IRUPRIEURNHQ ILHOGV%HFDXVHRIWKH QDWXUHRIWKLV ILHOGVHSDUDWLQJ
URFNVLQWRVHSDUDWHSDUWVWKHIUDFWXUHVWUXFWXUHLVWKHSDWKRUFDYLW\RIWKHURFNZKLFKPDWHULDOVXFKDVZDWHUJDV
DQG RWKHU HOHPHQWV SDVVHV WKURXJK LW IURP RXWVLGH >@ )UDFWXUH IRXQG LQ WKH UHVHDUFK DUHD DUH QRQV\VWHPDWLF
IUDFWXUH )LJXUH WKDWLVLUUHJXODUIUDFWXUHXVXDOO\FXUYHGVWUDQGVWKDWFDQPHHWRUFURVVZLWKRWKHUFUDFNRUGRQRW
FXW RWKHU FUDFN DQG HQG XS LQ D EHGGLQJ SODQH *HQHWLFDOO\ LW LV D WHQVLRQDO MRLQW )LJXUH ZKLFK LV D IUDFWXUH
IRUPHG LQ D SHUSHQGLFXODU GLUHFWLRQ IURP D IRUFH WKDW WHQGV WR PRYH URFNV 7HQVLRQDO MRLQW SDLUHG VKDSH URXJK
VXUIDFH VKDSHG OLNH D ER[ DQG SDUDOOHORJUDP DQG KDV ODUJH FUDFN RSHQLQJV 7KH VWUHVV WHQGV WR GLYLGH E\ ZD\ RI
SUHVVLQJLQWKHRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQDQGILQDOO\WKHWZRZDOOVZLOOEHDZD\IURPHDFKRWKHU
),*85(7HQVLRQDOMRLQWDSSHDUDQFH UHGOLQH
),*85(1RQV\VWHPDWLFIUDFWXUHDSSHDUDQFH UHGOLQH
030003-4
),*85(5RVHWWH'LDJUDPLQ3DWWRQWRQJDQ
),*85(5RVHWWH'LDJUDPLQ3DFFHOHNDQJ
030003-5
7KHUHVXOWVRIWKH5RVHWWH'LDJUDPVKRZWKHVWULNHRIWKHIUDFWXUHLQ3DWWRQWRQJDQWUHQGLQJQRUWKZHVWVRXWKHDVW
ZLWKWKHVWUHVVWKDWGRPLQDWHVWRZDUGVWKH1RUWKZHVW6RXWKHDVW )LJXUH 7KHSULQFLSDOVWUHVVWKDWUXQVQRUWKZHVW
VRXWKHDVWLVGXHWRWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKH&DPED)RUPDWLRQDQGDOVRLQIOXHQFHGE\WHFWRQLFV 7KH5RVHWWHGLDJUDPLQ
)LJXUHVKRZVWKDWWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHSULQFLSDOVWUHVVIRXQGLQ3DFFHOHNDQJ9LOODJHLVQHDUQRUWKZHVWVRXWKHDVW
%\ORRNLQJDWWKH5RVHWWH'LDJUDPLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHIRUFHZKLFKIRUPVWKHVWUXFWXUHDWWKLVORFDWLRQLV
WUHQGLQJQRUWKZHVWVRXWKHDVW
7KHVHUHVXOWVDUHVLPLODUWRWKHSUHYLRXVLQYHVWLJDWLRQWKDWLQGRLQJ&DPEDIRUPDWLRQWKDWWKHIUDFWXUHRULHQWDWLRQ
LV LQ WKH 1RUWKZHVW6RXWKHDVW GLUHFWLRQ )LJXUH 7KLV GLUHFWLRQ LV LQIOXHQFHG E\ GLIIHUHQW DJHV GHIRUPDWLRQV
KLVWRU\DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWRIIRUPDWLRQVRIWKHEORFNV>@
),*85()UDFWXUHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKH&DPED)RUPDWLRQ>@
7KH SULQFLSDO VWUHVV VKRZV WKDW WKH RULHQWDWLRQ LV GXH WR WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH &DPED IRUPDWLRQ ZKLFK LV
GRPLQDWHGE\YROFDQLFDFWLYLW\,WFDQEHVHHQLQFRQWRXUVWKDWWKHRULHQWDWLRQDSSHDUVRUGHUO\IROORZLQJWKHGLUHFWLRQ
RI PD[LPXP VWUHVV $QRWKHU HIIHFW LV WHFWRQLF ZLWK RSHQ FUXVW WUDLWV SHUSHQGLFXODU WR WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI PD[LPXP
VWUHVV>@0RUSKRORJLFDOO\LQWKHIRUPRIWKH9VKDSHGZKLFKLV\RXQJJHRPRUSKLFZLWKVWUHVVDSSHDUDQFHORRNV
DORWDQGLUUHJXODUO\VKRZVDFWLYHWHFWRQLFV:KLOHWKHJHRPRUSKRORJ\LV8VKDSHGZKLFKLVROGJHRPRUSKLFZLWKD
UHODWLYHO\UHJXODUGLUHFWLRQRIIUDFWXUHLWVKRZVLQDFWLYHWHFWRQLFV>@
&21&/86,21
7KLVVWXG\SURYLGHVWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH5RVHWWH'LDJUDPZKLFKVKRZVWKHVWUXFWXUHIRUPLQJIRUFHVLQWKH
1RUWKZHVW6RXWKHDVWGLUHFWLRQ7KHIUDFWXUHIRUPLQJLQ0DURV5HJHQF\ZDVLQIOXHQFHGE\YROFDQLVPLQWKH&DPED
IRUPDWLRQ7KLVUHVHDUFKFDQEHXWLOL]HGE\SHRSOHZRUNLQJLQILHOGVUHODWHGWRHDUWKVFLHQFHDVSUHOLPLQDU\GDWDIRU
IXUWKHUVWXG\
$&.12:/('*0(17
:H WKDQN WR *HRSK\VLFV 'HSDUWPHQW )DFXOW\ RI 0DWKHPDWLFV DQG 1DWXUDO 6FLHQFH +DVDQXGGLQ 8QLYHUVLW\
81+$6 IRUVXSSRUWLQJWKLVUHVHDUFK:HWKDQNWR'HEE\5DKD\X+XVQXO.KDWLPDK,NVDQ0LOKDP,QGUD.XUQLD
5DVD0XVWDKLUD7XO5DVLGD0XK$UL6HWLDZDQ0XK$XVKDI)DX]DQ'760XK6KDEUDQ$EGXOODK1XUXO$]L]DK
+DULV $QGLND $]KDUGL +DP]DK .DUPLOD 0HOVL 5HDWD 0XKDPPDG )DMDU 0XKDPPDG 1XUVDODP 1XU +LNPDK
5LFN\+HQGUDZDQ7X\XZDOH6U\.XUQLD5DSDQJ6W6\DNLUDKIRUWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQRQWKLVUHVHDUFK
030003-6
5()(5(1&(6
'$ -DULDK , /XWKILD 1'3 6DUL 05 6\DP ' )ULQG\ 5 + +DPGDK 13 .DPVLU 0) 5DKPDQ :
0DHVDODQJL0$0DVVLQDLDQG0),0DVVLQDL-*HRVDLQWHN
%6DSLLH0$1XJUDKD5.:DUGDQDDQG$5LIL\DQWR,QGRQHV-*HRVFL
*-%RUUDGLOH8QGHUVWDQGLQJ*HRORJ\7KURXJK0DSV (OVHYLHU
$ +DVDQ '/3 6LPDQMRUDQJ , 1XUVDOLP 0) 6\LKDE 1/ .DUHSHVLQD (% 6DQMD\D 6DGLODK 0$
5DPODQ05$ULDQV\DK0$0DVVLQDLDQG0),0DVVLQDL-*HRFHOHEHV
0$0DVVLQDL)+.DGLU0),0DVVLQDLDQG6$VZDG$,3&RQI3URF
'+HDO\5(5L]]R'*&RUQZHOO1-&)DUUHOO+:DWNLQV1(7LPPV(*RPH]5LYDVDQG06PLWK
-6WUXFW*HRO
'-6DQGHUVRQDQG'&33HDFRFN(DUWK6FLHQFH5HY
-39DQ'LMN0%HOOR&7RVFDQR$%HUVDQLDQG61DUGRQ7HFWRQRSK\VLFV
/16FKDHIHU72RPPHQ&&RUD]]DWR$7LEDOGL5(VFREDU:ROIDQG:,5RVH%XOO9ROFDQRO
*<.LP%1DUDQWVHWVHJDQG'*<RR0DU*HRUHVRXUFHV*HRWHFKQRO
(/$GYRNDDW5+DOO/7:KLWH0.%RXGDJKHUIDGHO,0:DWNLQVRQDQG$5XG\DZDQ-$VLDQ(DUWK
6FL
(053DJXLFDQDQG0,%XUVLN)URQW(DUWK6FL
030003-7