Unhindered car movement_ what about pedestrians

The work is the product of the staff of BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD) with external contributions. Note that BIGD does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. BIGD does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with the reader.

The work is the product of the staff of BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD) with external contributions. Note that BIGD does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. BIGD does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with the reader.

The city core is the centre of all major activities reflecting the culture of an urban centre in the most comprehensive manner and mostly, have a unique functional significance. Such centres run on and through transportation nerves and several nodes. In walled cities, the space devoted to transportation has remained more or less the same over the years while the demand for such space has undergone a tremendous upswing. The vehicular population in Surat is around 24, 21,043 (2015) so it is essential to manage its movements and ill effects like as air and noise pollution, traffic congestion, time loss, and so on. Rajmarg (Road connecting Chowk to Delhi Gate) -2.4 km long stretch of Surat, an oldest and most important link passes through the CBD area. Naturally, it observes the problem of heavy traffic congestion due to its mixed land-use and direct connectivity with Railway station from Rander-Adajan. There is no scope for further expansion of the available physical infrastructure within the CBD of Surat; it is the need of today to manage the available resources and make optimum use of it. Basic details of study stretch are taken into the consideration like identification of land use (made by ground truthing), road cross-section, and special traffic generating activity. For addressing the traffic congestion, classified volume count survey and pedestrian count of 3 days i.e. Saturday, Sunday and Monday (by CCTV camera of Surat traffic police), speed and delay survey (by android mobile application “My Tracks”) has been performed and analysed. Analysis proved that the PCU/hour passing from Rajmarg is excessive than the limit (IRC-86:1983).From all analysed data, congestion location is identified, directional movement on all that location is surveyed and future traffic forecasting is done. Based on that alternative remedial measures is explored, a best alternative is chosen by SWOT and validated by the stakeholder. If the final remedial measures are implemented, definitely it will lead to improving the present scenario for traffic congestion.

2007

Traffic control is a rapidly evolving subject, reflective of new developments in electrical sensor technology, and information and communication technology. In Dhaka, a city of about 12 million people, traffic congestion has worsened dramatically over the last 2-3 years, in spite of the introduction of automated traffic lights. Expensive and drastic measures, such as the construction of flyovers, have been implemented to counter traffic congestion. Although various studies have been conducted on this topic, few or none have identified the many advantages of human traffic control. Dhaka and other cities of developing nations, present traffic situations quite unlike that of developed countries. As a result of improper planning and land management, only about 7 % of the city area consists of road space (compared to about 12% of New Delhi, or 20 % required ideally). In 2004, human traffic control started getting replaced with a modern signaling system, with the good intent of bringing discipline in traffic. In spite of optimistic predictions, it was seen that traffic congestion had become much worse. In the field of information and communication technology, the advantages of human decision-making over automated or microprocessor-based decision making is well recognized. It is proposed and shown here that for Dhaka, human traffic control is a better alternative than automated traffic lights. Human traffic control is preferred for Dhaka, and other developing nations, because of the relatively fewer cars, the few major intersections, and the low cost of human traffic-controllers. As signaling intervals are determined by past measurements of traffic, automated traffic control cannot take into account statistical and event-related variations of traffic. A human traffic controller makes the better decision of allowing through a long line of cars, avoiding the transition times during predetermined changing of signals. He/she does not show green to an empty street with cars wai- - ting in another line. The neural-networks of a traffic controller can assess traffic in visual range, and take intelligent and adaptive decisions. Even with the best road sensor technology, accompanied by telecommunication and fast microprocessors, it is a formidable task for an automated traffic system to match the decision-making capacity of a human traffic controller.

IASET, 2013

Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh, is the most densely populated city in the whole world and traffic is an enormous problem here. Many survey and discussion have been made to find out the cause of traffic jam and how can it be reduced. In the past few years many steps have been taken by the Government and relevant authorities such as- construction of new flyovers, widening the road width, banning rickshaw from VIP roads, introducing separate lane for different vehicles, controlled movements of trucks and long-route buses in Dhaka city, introducing one way road system etc. But still now traffic jam is at same condition and increasing day by day. Urban planners and expertise suggest to build underground metro rail system or elevated express way. But it will take long time and huge budget to complete. So how can we improve present condition within the limited infrastructure and resources? In this paper I have tried to discuss some common thinking about traffic jam, its causes, impact and solutions. Then I have shown the problem in a different way and given a possible solution for it. That is- REVERSIBLE LANE SYSTEM, which has been used world-wide for over 75 years and is identified as one of the simplest, yet design-intensive lane management technique for congestion mitigation.

Traffic jams have become a major issue in Dhaka city which results in delay of numerous trips resulting in late arrivals, monetary loss, and tiredness. Traffic data was analyzed to model a visualization of the flow of traffic in the road. The model performs a fast analysis of large volumes of data efficiently. The funneling of the road at the horizon was solved to spread out the traffic showing top view of the road. The model reveals a track of the movement of the different types of traffic. The vehicle congregation hotspots can be analyzed to identify some features on the road like bus stops. Lane changing frequencies of the different types of vehicles have been compared. The M/M/c queuing model revealed that increasing the number of lanes, exponentially decreases queue length, waiting time in queue, length of system, and the waiting time in the system.

There is a rising debate as to whether urbanization is an index of development or distress. The high rates of urbanization coupled with weak regulatory and institutional frameworks has left cities/towns in developing countries (Kenol town included) to grapple with a myriad of challenges such as rise in urban poor, increased traffic congestion ,increased pollution, uncontrolled urban sprawl and loss of rich farmlands and natural resources. The study therefore sought to assess how linear urbanization which has resulted to unplanned urban strip developments along Kenol-Murang’a road affects transport efficiency. It involved identification of the type of urban land use activities located between Kenol town to –Kariguini downhill, types and characteristics of motorized and non-motorized traffic plying the route and assessment of motorized and non-motorized traffic movement along and within roadside urban development establishments. Findings from the study indicate that the efficiency of the transport system is reduced by increase in roadside friction activities and lack of proper access management to abutting properties. Some of the activities happening at the road reserves of Kenol-Murang’a road noted to cause a lot of interference to traffic flow in the town are; street vending activities, informal Matatu/taxi’s /motorcycle stops and on street parking. Others factors that contribute to traffic delay in the town are; unregulated pedestrian crossing, bad driving habits (overlapping) and high land use activities at the junctions. Notable effects of the transport-land use conflicts generated within the town are; decreased road carriage capacity, traffic congestion especially during peak hours, increased non-motorized traffic causing traffic conflicts, reduced aesthetic quality of the urban environment and increased vehicular emissions and reduction in air quality. Thus, the study in recognition that land use impacts on traffic flow, recommends integration of land use development with road network planning. This is to mitigate the negative impacts that the developments may create and to preserve the functional integrity and operational viability of road systems in terms of safety, capacity needs and speed.

The aim of this research is to Detect the Most Congested Roads in Khartoum City Center by studying the different causes of traffic congestion using GIS methods . Spatial and descriptive data of the congestion causes have been collected In the last three months, site plan, traffic plan ,random parking, bus lines and bus stations, natural and artificial obstacles ,entrance and exit of study area. Geographical database is created for geometrical analysis, to find out the most affected roads. This helps in developing economical solutions to the problem of traffic congestion.

The concept of sustainability has three main components and these are social, economic and environment. The goals of sustainable transportation are some of the aspects of sustainable transportation and how they support the three components of sustainability. The development of a sustainable transportation system starts with the organization of urban space. The main objective is to reduce the demand for transportation by reducing the number of trips and the length of travel distance. The organization of urban space helps in reducing the distances between places and people and as a result people travel less to obtain goods and services.

Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh, is the most densely populated city in the whole world. More than twelve million people live in Dhaka city. Day by day the number is increasing and most part of Dhaka is badly affected by huge traffic jam. Faulty traffic signaling systems, inadequate manpower, narrow road spaces and overtaking tendency of drivers create prolonged traffic congestions. Due to traffic jam a substantial portion of working hours have to be left on streets which indirectly put adverse impact on economy. It causes serious air pollution and noise pollution and thus worsens the overall environmental condition. To reduce traffic jam, government can consider construction of roads through east-west connection of Dhaka city, construction of circular embankment-cum-road along the periphery of Dhaka city, grade separated road network system, bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, and Metro-Rail system. By reducing traffic jam, this city can play a very important role by ensuring healthy environment free from noise and pollution.