Jurnal Pertahanan Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia

Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 Jurnal Pertahanan ISSN : 2087-9415 Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol. 2 | No. 1 Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia Ichsan Malik*, Adnan Madjid**, Ningsih Susilawati*** * Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ***Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ** Article Info Keywords: Indonesia peace index, Dynamic framework of conflict prevention and resolution, Structural conflict, Factor of conflict, Actor of conflict. Abstract This research aims to analyze on a measuring instrument for peace in Indonesia, not only measure conflict resolution but also the prevention of conflict. Measuring instrument that will be created is intended to make the Indonesia Peace Index as analytical framework of conflict and peace, especially in Indonesia. Research design using qualitative descriptive study approach. The results of this study indicate that the DKI Jakarta and Papua is a region with the highest intensity conflict. Moreover, the conflict is the dominant social conflict with the highest actors as perpetrators of conflict is the public, this is due to structural factors are still frequently occur and not be solved completely by the government.. Corresponding Author: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai suatu alat ukur perdamaian di Indonesia dengan tidak hanya mengukur upaya penyelesaian konflik saja namun juga pencegahan konflik. Alat ukur yang akan dibuat ini dimaksudkan untuk membuat Indeks Perdamaian Indonesia sebagai kerangka analisa konflik dan perdamaian khususnya di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa DKI Jakarta dan Papua merupakan wilayah dengan intensitas konflik tertinggi. Selain itu, konflik yang dominan adalah konflik sosial dengan aktor tertinggi sebagai pelaku konflik adalah masyarakat umum, hal ini dikarenakan faktor struktural yang masih kerap terjadi dan tidak diselesaikan tuntas oleh pemerintah. [email protected] Jurnal Pertahanan Volume 2 Nomor 1 Januari-April 2016 ISSN 2087-9415 hh. 91-108 ©2016 JP. All rights reserved. 91 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) conflict handler. (Bar-Tal, Chernyak- Introduction Conflicts are Inseparable and significant part of human life on every level of interaction; interpersonal conflicts, Hai, Schori, & Gindar 2009; Wessells, 2008; Wessells & Bretherton, 2000). are The study on the conflict and the intragroup, settlement raises two related issues there intergroup, inter-organizational, inter- that societal, (Druckman, 2005). interethnic as well emic and ethical issues international (Galtung, 2004). Conflict In emic issues, conflicts are always happen because human beings faced with the problem of how to get a cannot avoid internal feud in the goals, proper understanding of the conflict. interests, beliefs While ethical issues, the challenge of possessed. Conflicts can occur either how the phenomenon under study can in be understood conflict and generalized values, coverage (interpersonal), and between individuals between groups without exacerbating the conflict (intergroup), or even on a large scale situation or even pose a potential new (interpersonal). conflicts conflict (Druckman, 2005). The peace between individuals can develop into process showed the key to resolve the large-scale conflict with the protracted conflict by using a good measuring violence and resulted in the complete tool to produce the right information, destruction of a society or a nation can be interpreted and analyzed and (Bar-Tal, 2011; Galtung, 2004; Jeong, easily 2008). (Druckman, 2005). Small understood in general Conflicts with the protracted In 2015, The Global Peace violence not only cause physical Index (GPI) publish peace index for destruction and material, but also 162 countries around the world, cause psychological damage, even the including identity of the community groups Michalos, 2013). GPI is based on three involved. Every conflict has its own main factors are then lowered to 23 characteristics, to sustain people in the indicators of measurement. All three world, it is necessary strategies proper of these factors include the number of 92 Indonesia (IEP, 2015; Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 conflicts and internal domestic Evaluation Across Cultures and happens in a country within the past Environments (PEACE) that is made year; Factors Level of safety and specifically for use in conflict studies security of the society last year; as well and health (Zucker, Ahn, Sindai, Blais, as the Military Factor in the country. Nelson, and Burke, 2014). The Global Peace Index is considered by many to be able to give a general overview of the situation of conflict and peace of a country level. However, information about the conflict and peace raised by the GPI is difficult to use in the study of conflict and peace is directly related to the humanistic factors in the conflict. Another disadvantage of GPI, Tasiran and Lin (2012) states that GPI theoretical models cannot explain the conditions of peace with both, because the state of peace by GPI is only determined by the circumstances in which there is no violence. In other words, the GPI cannot be used to obtain information latent conflicts or GPI that focused on indicators potential conflicts that may occur. related to the number of conflicts and Measurements only be based on violence; the level of security that is assessment by a group of experts GPI based solely criminality, terror, and uses 23 indicators considered to be a mass demonstrations were recorded; drawback. The information generated as well as military strength is indicated by GPI considered only can explain by the amount of budget allocation per the special conditions for a purpose. In year military terms of statistics, analysis techniques personnel and weaponry, as well as the GPI considered appropriate, because it military activities undertaken (IEP, uses 2015; Michalos, 2013). Indications for (Tasiran & Lin, 2012). for the military, use GPI inability assessing humanistic aspect in conflict and peace can be seen in the proliferation of researchers in the field of conflict makes measuring instrument of conflict and peace. One of them is only descriptive statistics On the other hand, another measurement tool used to measure the index of peace was also made in the United States based on the theory of Johan Galtung. Peace Evaluation Peace 93 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) Across Cultures and Environments There (PEACE) is a measure which produces researchers and observers of the an index that indicates the condition of conflict as well as peace practitioner to the conflict and the impact of conflict determine how peaceful conditions of on health. Although conditions may a region in Indonesia. A device indicate a real conflict in an area, but commonly used in conflict studies in cannot explain the state of peace or the Indonesia during this seems to only be potential to cause conflict. The used to map the conflict that has advantages of this measure is a happened, not the potential for future measuring tool conflict. empirically has (valid been and tested reliable). Although only explain the incidence of conflict and the impact of conflict on health events, did not explain the potential conflict. has been no consensus The conflict in Indonesia is a major issue to be re-examined so as not to disrupt national security. Starting from the issue of social conflict, racial, ethnic, and religious Based on this analysis, the issues (termed “SARA” issues), researchers themselves felt the need agrarian, for analytical problems, so it is necessary to re-map framework not only for resolving the the condition, the potential for conflict conflict, but also for the prevention of and peace in Indonesia with the conflict, Indonesia. Indonesian Peace Index. Based on this, Analysis of the dynamic and holistic the formulation of this research is how perspective construction a comprehensive especially can in affect tiff and structural, and and testing appropriate to resolve and prevent Indonesian peace index (IPI)?. conflict. In the Indonesian context, a Dynamic lot of violence between groups that Prevention have taken place in various areas one Conflicts Framework and other results for Resolution the of after another. However, it seems not yet a valid and reliable measure that can be used to determine the condition of conflict and potential conflict. 94 Indonesian Peace Index (IPI) is based on a dynamic framework of conflict prevention and resolution Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 which measures the potential for stakeholders (stakeholders) and a conflict, conflict situations, and the component of political will (political potential for peace (Malik, 2014). will). Conflicts can arise from the Conflict grown increasingly complex, escalation of conflicts that are allowed but they are often conceptualized to continue to rise, but it also may arise through a approach and from of the factors triggering conflict ignoring the systematic settlement so that has qualified, or can also arise due get to the ineffectiveness of provocateurs false Strengthen simple results (Gallo, understanding 2012). of the conflicts that affect vulnerable groups dynamic of the conflict (Druckman, to be aggressive and easily mobilized. 2005) view that the conflict is a Therefore, situation that is very dynamic, fast- viewing conditions and situations of changing and not static. The situation conflict calls for the need to use the right integrated, since all the components methodology in research or studies. In are interrelated, mutually contribute one study, the conflict should be and mutual influence. understood (Galtung, 1996) so that the base of the analysis becomes more constructive, reflective, contextual, seta divergent thinking (Druckman, 2005). perspectives must be used holistic in and Component factors of conflict has three elements: (1) Elements trigger of conflict, (2) Elements of conflict accelerators, and (3) The root element of conflict. While the conflict To understand the actor component, a component that complexities of a conflict, Ichsan contributed immensely to escalate the Malik (2014) introduced a dynamic conflict. There are three categories of framework conflict actors that need to be in conflict prevention and resolution, which is prevention and conflict resolution, based on empirical experience. The namely: the first category is the actor framework has five main components, provocateurs are the main actors namely, escalation and de-escalation, involved in the conflict. While the conflict second approach factor to components, components of the conflict actors, the category are vulnerable provoked. The third category of actors 95 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) in the conflict are functional groups political will of the authorities. This are groups whose main responsibility political will be reflected in two ways. is to stop the violence and prevent the The first look of the initiative and spread of conflict. leadership of the authorities to resolve Stakeholders is the fourth the conflicts that occur completely. component of the dynamic framework Not letting the conflict continue to of conflict prevention and resolution. smolder and even spread in all Stakeholders elements directions. The second is the existence concerned to stop the conflict and of legal products or policies to prevent prevent conflict. and resolve conflicts. Indonesian Elements consist of stakeholders; a context, normatively has no Law of group of police, military, groups of Social Conflict Resolution No. 7 of community leaders (Tomas), religious 2012, as well as the Presidential the are spread the of leaders (Toga) and traditional leaders Instruction No. 1 Year 2014 on the Governmental handling of security problems in the Organization (NGO), a group of country, as well as various ministerial researchers, as well as mass media decisions related to the management group. By functional group, the and rescue resources. But the problem stakeholders are expected to be able to is how laws and regulations are communicate, contribute, interpreted and enforced so that it can cooperate, and coordinate with them to be used to prevent and resolve prevent conflict and stop a conflict if it conflicts. (Toda), group not occurs. In addition, the stakeholder The primary key in preventing group is expected to become parties and managing conflict lies in the proactive in the prevention and precision in detecting the escalation of resolution of conflicts; pick up the the conflict and then try to de- ball, do not just wait for the ball; be escalation part of the solution, not part of the Furthermore, it takes the sharpness of problem. the analysis of the causes of the The fifth component is the the conflict. conflict to proceed with the ability to strengthen 96 of functional actors, Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 mitigating controlling of test results. These activities are provocateurs vulnerable groups. The performed by principles making a next thing is the ability to establish measuring effective all (Crocker & Algina, 2008; Cohen & elements of the stakeholders so that the Swerdlik, 2010; Kaplan & Saccuzzo conflict can be stopped. In the end is 2009; Urbina, 2014), using equation how existing exploratory design is also known as regulations leaders can maneuver, “qual-quan mixed methods design” initiative and conduct of a decision to (Creswell, 2008; Hesse-Biber, 2010). halt the conflict and prevent overall the Research Method is and coordination based on with the tool of psychological conflict. This research explored with a The framework is based IPI is built into a five-dimensional measurement namely: actor conflict, political will for peace, conflict factor, stakeholders, and the escalation and de-escalation. IPI measurement based on factors related to conflict and peace that exist on the Dynamic Framework Conflict Prevention and Resolution (Malik, 2014). Preparation IPI procedure begins from development of an operational definition of the IPI; Development of instruments and measurement category; Pilot of IPI instrument; as well as the IPI Publications. The instrument and indicator of IPI consists of three activities: the drafting measuring instrument; of the testing of qualitative approach was used to develop an instrument or measuring devices along with quantitative indicators IPI. A qualitative approach was used to approximate the symptoms are examined from the perspective of a more holistic, naturalistic, and interpretive, which per the research objectives, qualitative methods are used to explore the phenomenon in depth quantitative approaches made to confirm the validity of the relationship between variables in a theory built from research qualitative. Data quantified and statistically analyzed to obtain a generalization of specific sample to the larger population. (Creswell, 2008). measuring instruments; and analysis 97 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) Measuring instruments and understand the condition and potential indicators IPI is made by testing community conflicts in the region. stages. This test is intended to Target participants that researchers determine whether the model set out in consider the Blueprint are correct. Once the characteristics, among others from models are groups: Journalists, academics in the arranged in Blue Print successfully social (Social Psychology; Sociology; tested and repaired, then models and or indicators are translated into the government. For FGD conducted with instrument and statements prepared to non-formal setting by the number of see the conditions associated with the participants 6-10 people; while for the conflict and peace based on the retrieval of data using, questionnaires framework of a dynamic conflict conducted using questionnaires that resolution (Malik, 2014). Model, were Indicators, and the instrument is then participants (paper-pencil test) and tested by Critical Readers. online via the Internet. and indicators that to Politics), represent NGOs, distributed these and local directly to Testing was conducted by The trials were carried out in Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in two two different areas that include different areas, namely Yogyakarta participants who are determined by and Jakarta. Both places have been non-probability selected because sampling method they have the using purposive sampling techniques conflicts and (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011; Kumar different. 2011). Participants were selected Selection of participants is done by based on common characteristics: reputational technique Indonesian Citizen (citizen) adults; (Lincoln & Guba, 2008; Patton, 2002). has settled at least five years in the This technique uses a method of area; as well as having a good snowball sampling selection based on knowledge related to conflict or peace reputation is concerned as participants. practitioners in the region. Data from Target data trials in two regions were analyzed collection are local people who qualitatively with the aim to obtain characteristics potential 98 of conflicts are sampling participants in the Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 evidence against the internal structure Result and Discussion of the measuring instruments that have Perspective of Indonesian Peace been developed (Crocker & Algina, Index 2008). The qualitative analysis carried The highest percentage for a out on the results of focus group category of actor conflicts in Indonesia discussions is dominated by the public and the and interviews of participants who are expert on conflict lowest and potential conflict. Organization. percentage The by Religious public is a In this study, subjects were collection of different individuals. taken from parties related to peace and This difference for their interests, conflict as needs and goals of each member of the society to cause conflict. The group community leaders, religious leaders, becomes vulnerable to provocation traditional leaders, police and military, structural factors (poverty, educational NGOs, researchers, and the media that backwardness are closely related to the research political parties, mass media, and civic conducted. While organizations in an area, stakeholders. In this the such case object of and injustice) (Malik, of 2014). research is the Indonesian Peace Index Meanwhile, the police, the military, in 2016 with the aim of seeing the non-commissioned officer, and a condition and potential conflicts that group of other state agents are exist in Indonesia, so it can be mapped primarily to do early detection of areas resulting functional group is to stop the violence threat destabilizing regional security. and prevent the spread of conflict. responsible for the . 99 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) INDONESIA PEACE INDEKS Conflict Actor Political Will escalation - de-escalation conflicts Stakeholder Presence and quality analysis of structural factors, accelerators and trigger conflicts; and mapping of potential conflicts and peace The role of stakeholders in conflict and peace development The presence, frequency, duration, scope, and the number of victims in phase - the dispute - the crisis - and sports - mass mobilization - limited violence - mass violence The relationship between provocateur; functional groups; vulnerable groups conflict Conflict Factors Coordination among stakeholders (Police, Military, Tomas, Toga, Toda, NGOs, academia / research groups and the mass media) Figure 1. Measurement Indonesian Peace Index Actors Conflict 5% 11% % 2%2% 5% 5% 39% 5% 6% 8% 10% 11% Figure 2. Mapping Actor Conflict In highest unknown / armed civilian groups, percentage for a category of actor’s specific ethnic community, the public, conflicts in Indonesia is dominated by students/learners, and thugs. While the the public (39%) and the lowest category of elements of public is percentage by Religious Organizations geographically bound communities in (1%). Elements of society as defined certain areas eg rural communities and in this study consisted of a group of others. Breadth of coverage area or 100 Figure 2, the Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 village to make the public perceives as ethnic community, the public, students the highest percentage actor causes of / learners, and thugs are particularly conflict. It could be argued that vulnerable. This vulnerability factor between locations and actors have a due to structural factors such as linkage that causes high. Another poverty, educational backwardness factor is the difference in cultural and injustice. This group generally background is different, so it has a will different point of view in response to a information phenomenon. provocateurs such as the Political The highest percentage as easily receive from distorted a group of Parties, Media Masa, and other civic actors of conflict in West Java. organizations Conflict public interpreted as a fight Meanwhile, the police, the military, between communities or involve large non-commissioned officer, and a masses and involve inter-group, class (Malik, 2014). group of other state agents are or ethnicity. This social conflict can be responsible for the functional group to understood because of the efforts for stop the violence and prevent the resource control or power relating to spread of conflict. This group is the public interest, such as fight or expected to have good coordination defend it by means of conflict and with mutual destruction. Public greatest organizations, conflict in the Region of Jakarta with a prevention total of 25 cases. Public conflict that However, if among these groups do occurred in Jakarta due to a variety of not have good communication and things including, the eviction of street the community and and and government peace building. coordination, the potential conflict has vendors, people's perceived economic the possibility to escalates. problems on inequality and other Political Will for Peace issues. other The political will of the In general, the grouping of the authorities to be reflected in two ways. actors, the public, such as an unknown The first look of the initiative and group / armed civilian groups, specific leadership of the authorities to resolve the conflicts that occur completely. 101 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) Not letting the conflict continue to criminality in the region. Conflicts smolder and even spread in all such as the fighting between students, directions. The second is the existence conflicts of legal products or policies to prevent demonstrations, and others are still and resolve conflicts. in the context of happening. The result showed that the Indonesia, normatively has no Law of vulnerable areas of conflict is DKI Social Conflict Resolution No. 7 of Jakarta 2012, as well as the Presidential Meanwhile, the province completely Instruction No. 1 Year 2014 on the unrecorded have conflicts significant handling of security problems in the is Bali, Bangka Belitung, Banten, country, as well as various ministerial Bengkulu, Gorontalo, East Java, South decisions related to the management Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, North and rescue resources. Maluku, West Nusa Tenggara, West Laws and regulations are between and Papua, Central groups, Papua province. Sulawesi, North interpreted and enforced so that it can Sulawesi, West Sumatra and South be used to prevent and resolve Sumatra. conflicts (Malik, 2014). In efforts to As we know that Jakarta is a prevent the escalation of conflict, the region prone to conflict, such conflict Central Government through the Local brawl Government has a forum of religious demonstrations, harmony and conflict early detection groups, political conflicts, and other program. social conflicts. Meanwhile, Papua Escalation and de-escalation of conflict In the figure 3, can be found between students, conflicts between Province as it is known is the site of the separatist conflict Organization of Papua Independent (OPM) who that the escalation of the conflict areas wanted to secede from Indonesia, experiencing most is the area of which often clashes between the police Jakarta. The high level of economic officers with the OPM group. Malik crime and social conflict in this region (2014) states that the conflict can to be one of the causes of high occur in the absence of or delays in deescalation efforts by the government 102 Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 or the authorities. 0 0% % 1%1%1% 1%1% 3% 20% 3% 4% 4% 4% 18% 4% 6% 7% 9% 8% DKI Jakarta Jambi Jawa Barat Riau Kalimantan Barat NTT Bangka Belitung Gorontalo Papua Sumatra Utara Kalimantan Timur DI Yogyakarta Maluku Sulawesi Tenggara Banten Jawa Timur Kepulauan Riau Sulawesi Selatan Lampung Jawa Tengah Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Bali Bengkulu Kalimantan Selatan Figure 3. Aerial Mapping Conflict That conflict prevention at the create peace-building or peace- micro level depends on the efforts of building. This is the case in some areas the local community itself is needed are mentioned as regions with low system resilience to prevent conflicts intensity conflict such as in Bali, occur, where the planning and early Bangka Belitung, Banten, Bengkulu, warning system can be done by local Gorontalo, governments. Therefore, people need Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, North to build a strong resilience and local Maluku, West Nusa Tenggara, West governments need to build program of Papua, conflicts early detection to prevent it Sulawesi, West Sumatra and South from occurring and spreading conflict. Sumatra. Malik (2014) states that if a conflict Conflict Factors de-escalation can be done quickly then East Central Java, Sulawesi, South North The highest conflict issue in the conflict will not spread that will 103 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) Indonesia is social conflict. According Thus, it can be mapped that in to Duane Ruth-Heffelbower, social 2016 that became a structural factor in conflict is a condition that occurs when the conflict is a socio-economic issue, two or more parties assume no such as poverty, social inequality, and differences in position are not aligned, injustice which then can provoke not enough resources, and / or actions escalation of the conflict. Galtung of one of the parties obstruct, interfere (2004) stated that structural violence or in some cases making purposes caused by social structure. This other parties were less successful. In structural violence can take the form of this study, the form of social conflict systematic exploitation accompanied consists of anarchist demonstrations, blocking mechanism riots, and clashes caused by social formation of awareness and presence problems. The high rate of social of institutions that can fight against conflict shows that at the grassroots exploitation and oppression. Structural level, Indonesian society is still violence is more hidden, can identified vulnerable to conflict. by growing injustice, inhibits the oppressive The interesting phenomenon is policies, discriminatory legislation, in- the province with the highest number equality of power and economic of conflicts in social conflict is inequality. Meanwhile, things become followed by Jakarta and West Java. It a trigger is the existence of specific is unique because if the educational issues such as government policies level, the two provinces were still through relatively higher than other provinces government regulation, the Act which in Indonesia. The first possibility is the implementation of was then opposed to the habits of that the pressure of the high population society so that it can be easily in these two provinces resulted in the provoked by the mass media, online level of tension and discord higher. media, or news and the group of The second possibility, the news of the provocateurs which can then spread two provinces appeared in the media the conflict. more than other areas. 104 Malik, Madjid, Susilawati/ Construction and Testing Index Peace Indonesia/ 91 - 108 alarming because although only two Stakeholders Stakeholders are stakeholders areas that have a high intensity of the are the elements concerned to stop the conflict, but one of the geographical conflict and prevent the spread of areas have a very strategic value. The conflict. of findings also showed that the issue of stakeholders; a group of police, social conflicts Indonesian society military, groups of community leaders today more triggered by issues that are (Tomas) religious figures (Toga) and tangible than the issues that are of traditional leaders (Toda), group Non- identity such as religion. The public Governmental Organization (NGO), became the dominant actor in the event Academia/research groups, as well as of a conflict in Indonesia throughout mass media group. These elements, 2016. The public is a region in still individual so communication is Indonesian society who do not belong not the to a particular group, or attached to a government and stakeholders have particular agency. Involvement of the also been doing peace building efforts public into a conflict is part of the in the region, it's just not maximized. dynamics of social life itself. Various Such efforts can be seen with the ethnic groups and tribes living in a policy of handling social conflicts, region is often encountered friction efforts made free forums religious due to the different interests, needs and harmony, objectives thus causing conflicts. Elements one-way. consist Nevertheless, forums community organizations, as well as efforts to socialize with Tomas, Toga, Toda. The vulnerability of society to be the cause of conflict is still low due to structural factors such as poverty, Conclusion and injustice and social inequality which is categorization of areas based on the a basic human need. These factors are number of conflicts, there were two the main cause that can provoke provinces that are categorized as a red escalation of conflicts if not resolved area (the highest intensity conflict), properly by the Government. Thus, it From the analysis namely Jakarta and Papua. This is can be concluded that no society is static, as well as in any group. 105 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016) Handling conflict in Indonesia was not injustice and social inequalities are able to be generalized view each becoming basic human needs as peace province building efforts in every stratum of has its own conflict dynamics. This is made clear by the society. categorization map of conflict in Reference Indonesia that are the province of the dominant social conflict, but there is also the dominant province of agrarian conflicts. For the future, the challenges of globalization will increasingly complex potentially form new conflicts, and therefore the integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia is a priority for the national defense must be fought by every citizen of Indonesia. Recommendation Instead, the development of further research to analyze the Indonesia Peace Index and the need for construction of trial in some areas that have unique characteristics. 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