Aegiceras corniculatum Linn (Myrsinaceae)

Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(12):305-316 Review Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Aegiceras corniculatum Linn (Myrsinaceae) Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao Department of Chemistry, K. L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In this review, the literature data on photochemical and biological investigations of the Aegiceras are complied. The Aegiceras species are mangroves plants widely distributed along the sea coasts of Africa, South eastAsia to South china, New Guniea and Australia. To date 16 Terpenoids, 17 Terpenes, 9 Alkaloids, 1 Flavonoid, 3 Saponnins, 7 Tannins, 23 Acids, 9 polyketides, 7 Macrolides. From the Fruits, stems and Twigs, Bark, Leaves of Aegiceras. The isolated compounds shown an enorms structural diversity and bacterial and In Vitro blocking activity Cytotoxicity. Key words: Aegiceras, Isolated Compounds, Biological Activity studies. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Contents 1. Introduction 2. Chemical Constituents 2.1 Terpenoids 2.1.1 Mono Terpenoids 2.1.2 Tri Terpenoids 2.2 Terpenes 2.2.1 Tri Terpenes 2.3 Alkaloids 2.4 Flavonoids 2.5 Saponins 2.6 Tannins 2.7 Acids 2.8 Others 2.8.1 Poly ketides 2.8.2 Macrolides 3. Biological Activities 3.1 Antibacterial Activity 3.2 Analgesic Activity 3.3 Antidiabetic Activity 3.4 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 3.5 AntiOxidant Activity 4. In Vitro blocking Activity and cytotoxicity INTRODUCATION The Aegiceras Commonaly known as Black Mangrove, river Mangrove or Khalsi, is a species of shrub or tree Mangrove in the Myrsine family with a distribution in costal and esturine areas rangings from India through southeastasia to southeren china, New Genea and Australia. 305 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Chemical Constituents To date Terpenoids 1-16 including Monoterpenoids 1-12 and Triterpenoids 13-16 and Terpenes 17-33 including Triterpenes and Alkaloids 34-43 and Flavonoids 43-44 and Saponins 45-48 and Tannins 49-55 and Acids 56-78 and Polyketides 79-87 and Macrolides 88-94 have been reported from Fruits, Bark, Stems and Twigs, Leaves and Aerial parts of Aegiceras Corniculatum.Names of compounds and their corresponding plant sources are compiled in the Table. 2.1 Terpenoids 2.1.1 Mono Terpenoids Science 2011, 16 Terpenoids, 1-16 have been identified from bark of Aegiceras Corniculatum including Monoterpenoids 1-12 and Triterpenoids 12-16.In [1] [5] [11].The relative configuration of Emerimidine A-B[1-2], Emeriphenolicin A-F[3-8] and Aspernidine A-B [9-10] , Austin[11] , Dehydro Austin [12] was established in 2011 [1] and Arjunolic acid [13] in 2012 [5] and then Protoprimulagenin [14],Aegicerin [15], Embelinone [16] was established in 2013[11]. 2.2 Terpenes 2.2.1 Triterpenes Science 2012 17-33 Terpenes including Triterpenes its new indol triterpenes named Sharinines D-K [18-25] along with Shearinine A[26], Paspalitrem A[27], Paspaline E[28] was established in 2007 [9].A new Oleanane Triterpene from the stem of the Aegiceras Corniculatum 16α-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy oleanane 3-one[29] and it have been identified from the stem of the plant in 2013[11].From the stems and twigs of the Aegiceras Corniculatum four new compounds 2,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3,6-diundecyl dibenzofuran-1,4-dione [30], 2,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3,9-di undecyl di benzofuran-1,4-dione [31],10-hydroxy-4,0-methyl-2,11-di undecyl gomphilactone[32], 5-o-methyl embelin [33]. In 2004[12]. 2.3 Alkaloids Several unusual alkaloids N-2-methylpropyl-2-methlbutenamide[34],2-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolin[35], Fusarine[36],3-(1-amino ethylidine)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione[37],Fusamine [38] were isolated from the Fruits of Aegiceras Corniculatum in 2012 [4].And then new pyrrole alkaloids N-[4-(2-formyl-5-hydroxy methyl pyrrole-1-yl) butyl]-acetamide [39], N-[5-(2-formyl-5-hydroxy methyl pyrrole-1-yl)-pentyl]-acetamide[40] and a new indole derivative (3aR,8aR)-3a-acetoxyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro pyrrolo-(2,3-b) indol[41] and derivatives of indol (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro pyrrolo-(2,3-b) indol-3a-ol[42],N-acetyl tryptamineA[43] was identified from the leaves of the Aegiceras Corniculatum in 2008[7]. 2.4 Flavonoids Science 2013 Isorhamnetin [44] was identified from the bark of the Aegiceras Corniculatum [11]. 2.5 Saponnins: From the stems and twigs of the Aegiceras Corniculatum four new saponnin type compounds namely 2-methoxy-3nonyl resorcinol[45],5-o-ethylembelin[46],2-o-acetyl-5-o-methylembelin[47],3,7-dihydroxy 2,5-di undecyl napthaquinone[48] have been established in 2004 [12]. 2.6 Tannins From the Aerial parts of the Aegiceras Corniculatum seven new condenced Tannins type compounds namely gallocatechin[49], epi-gallocatechin[50], epi-gallocatechin-3-o-gallote[51], epi-catechin-3-o-gallate[52], epigallocatechi benzylthioether[53],epi-catechin benzylthioether[54],benzylmercaptan[55] have been established in 2012[6]. 2.7 Acids Six new tetramic acids derivatives, Pencillenols A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2,[56-61] was identified by the bark of the Aegiceras Corniculatum in 2008 [3].And four new P-aminoacetophenonic acids named (2E)-11-(4'-aminophenyl)5,9-dihydroxy-4,6,8-trimethyl-11-oxo-undec-2-enoicacid[62],9-(4'-aminophenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-9oxo-nonic acid[63],(2E)-11(4'-amino phenyl)-5,9-o-cyclo-4,6,8-trimethyl-11-oxo-undec-2-enoic acid[64],9-(4'aminophenyl)-3,7-o-cyclo-2,4,6-trimethyl-9-oxo-nonoicacid[65] was identified from the leaves of Aegiceras Corniculatum in 2010[8].And then it is found that in leaves and stems of the species the fatty acids in Arachidic acid[66], Heneicosanoic acid [67], myristoleic acid[68], linolelaidic acid[69], linoleic acid[70], Cis-4,7,11,14,17eicosa pentaenoic acid[71], myristic acid[72],palmitic acid[73],linolenic acid[74],Cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid[75], arachidonic acid[76],have been established in 2012 [10].And then bark of the Aegiceras Corniculatum in gallic acid[77] and syringic acid[78] in 2013[11]. 306 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.8 Others 2.8.1 Poly ketides Four polyketides was identified from the bark of AegicerasCorniculatum in Leptosphaerone C[79], Penicillenone [80], Arugosin I[81],9-demethyl FR-9o1235[82]and Oxa phenalenone dimmers in Bacillosporin A[83],Bacillosporin C[84],SequoiamonascinD [85],Sequoia tone A[86], Sequoia tone B[87] have been identified in 2008 [2]. 2.8.2 Macrolides: Four new isomeric macrolides was identified from the bark of Aegiceras Corniculatum in Isocorniculatolide A [88], 11-o-methyl isocorniculatolide A [90], 11-0-methyl corniculatolide[91], 12-hydroxy-11-0-methyl Corniculatolide A[92], corniculatolide[93] .The relative configuration of IsocorniculatolideA[88] was confirmed by Single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis in 2012 [5]. In comparative studies derivative of the Isocorniculatolide A [88] is 11acetoxy isocorniculatolide A [89] and other one is CorniculatolideA [92] derivative is 11-acetoxy corniculatolide [94] in 2012[5]. Biological Activities 3.1 Antibacterial activity This study was conducted to investigate the bioactive potential of mangrove plants to develop alternative drug development for the treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIS) which are frequent infections in the outpatient as well as in the nosocomial setting. Parts were investigated to evaluate the antibacterial activity against bacterial UTIS pathogens. The plant Aegiceras Corniculatum exhibited excellent antibacterial activity in2012[14]. 3.2 Analgesic activity The leaves of Aegiceras Corniculatum were extracted in absolute methonal to determine their analgesic activity.This study was showed better analgesic effect than the reference drug and at the dose level of 1000 mg /kg the duration and intensity of analgesia was also greater than acetylsalicylicacid. In 2010 [15]. 3.3 Antidiabetic activity Earlier ethno pharmacological records divulged the traditional usages of Mangrove Aegiceras Corniculatum (Linn) Blanco distributed in costal and estuarine areas of southeast India. Excluding scientific knowledge of Aegiceras Corniculatum against diabetes an including liver of control and alloxan-diabetic rats. As a result, Aegiceras Corniculatum leaf suspension showed moderate reduction in blood glucose (from 382±34 to 105±35), glycosyla ted haemoglobin, a decrease in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1, 6-disphosphatase, and an increase activity of extract on 100 mg/kg. The present finding support promising results in terms of anti diabetic activities establishing its candidacy for further purification of individual compound in order to understand their mechanism of action. In [2012] [16]. 3.4 Anti-inflammatory activity This plant part tested in MeoH extract of stem stimulated with Ca (2+)-ionophore A23,87 leading to the production of various proinflammatory metabolites, that is 12-HTT,12-HETE and LTB(4) and 5-HETE. And then formalininduced paw licking and hot plate test in mice. And then n-Hexane, EtoAc of stem was Acetic-acid-induced [Antinociceptive activity] 2012 [17]. 3.5 Antiproliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Compounds were assayed against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (DSM ACC 10) for their antiproliferative effect (GI50) and against Hela human cervix carcinoma cells (DMS ACC 57) for their cytotoxic (CC50) effect as previously described. The hibitory concentration needed to reduce the growth (GI50; the concentration needed to reduce the growth of treated cells to half that of untreated cells) or 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50; the concentration that kills 50% of treated cells).Compounds [35], [37], [38] are exhibit weak Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic activities. In 2012 [4]. 3.6 Antioxidant activity The quality of the antioxidants about the Condensed Tannins [49-55] from different parts of Aegiceras Corniculatum was determined by the IC50 values .These values of Aerial parts (Leaf, Stem bark, Root bark, Ascorbic acid, BHA) compared with leaf and stem bark were significantly lower than those of root bark, ascorbic acid and BHA, indicating the condensed tannins from leaf and stem bark exhibited a higher radical scavenging effect than the remainder. The scavenging effect on the DPPH radical followed the order. Leaf ≈ Stem bark > Ascorbic acid > Root bark > BHA. 2011 [6]. 307 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. In vitro blocking activity, Cytotoxicity Our results indicated that few Flavan-3-ol polymers reacted with proteins in hypocotyls of Aegiceras Corniculatum associated with the deteriorating reactions during the dry storage. In 2010[13]. Compound [33] showed in vitro cytotoxicity. (Against the HL-60) 2004 [12].And then these compounds are [18], [19], [21] exhibit significant in vitro blocking activity. 2007 [9]. Compounds [56], [58] showed cytotoxicities against HL-60 cell line with IC50 values of 0.76 µm and 3.20 µm respectively.Laptosphaerone [79] showed cytotoxicity against A-549 cells with an IC50 value of 1.45µm,while [80] Compound showed cytotoxicity against P 388 cells with an IC50 value of 1.38µm. 2008 [2]. The anti-influenza A viral (H1N1) activities of eight [1-8] compounds were also evaluated using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay.2011 [1]. And then compound [65] showed no inhibitory on HCV protease and Sec A ATPase and wasn’t active against VSVG/HIV –Luc pseudo typing Virus. 2010 [8]. O O MeO R1 NH 7a 1 R4 NH R2 3 (E) (E) 3 4 131 15 141 R3 11 51 91 R1 O 1 T1 121 (R) 1 11 R2 1 3: R1=OMe, R2=OMe, R3 =Cl, R4 =OH R3=Cl, R4=OH 4: R1=OMe, R2=OH, 5: R1=OMe, R2=OMe, R3=OH, R4=OH 1: R1=OH, R2=OMe 2: R1=OMe, R2=OH O O O O R1 R1 O (S) (R) R1 (Z) O (E) O (S) O R2 O O 11: R1=OAc, R2=H 12: R1=OAc, R2=OAc CH3 H3C CH3 H H H CH3 O CH3 O HO O 9: R1=OAc 10: R1=OH OH CH3 O (S) O H 3C (R) (R) (S) (Z) (S) 6:R1=OH, R2=OMe 7: R1=OMe, R2=OH 8: R1=OH, R2=OH (S) O R2 O (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (Z) OH (S) NH (E) (S) CH3 O CH3 H O OH CH3 H H H HO HO CH3 H3 C 13 HO O H 15 14 CH3 O OH O H HO H O H H HO H H 16 17 O 308 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ H H R1 R OH H O OH N H O R2 O N H O O O O O 18 R=OH 19 R=OME 26 R=H 20 R1=R2=H 21 R1=R2=O H O OH O H N H O O O OH O O O N H O O O O 22 23 H H O OH N H OH O O N H O O O O O 25 24 H H OH O N H H N H O 27 O O 28 O CH3 HO Me Me OH O Me H 3C O Me 30 OH Me O 29 Me Me 309 OH Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ R1 O OMe OH R2 HO O R3 O CH3 R4 H3C O CH3 O OH O 31 R1=H,R2=OCH3,R3=OH,R4= n-C11H23 R1= n-C11H23, R2=OH,R3=OCH3,R4=H 33 32 O O N N O N H HO N H 34 OH 35 36 OH O O N NH2 N H O O O O HO OH O 37 38 39 OH OH O OH N NH N n N H O O O H HO H n=1:40 n=2:41 42 43 O OH OH R1 O OCH3 OH R2 CH3 OCH3 O HO 44 O CH3 HO OH 46 R1=OH, R2=OCH2CH3 47 R1=OCOCH3, R2=OCH3 45 O OH CH3 OH HO O OH OH O H 3C OH OH 48 49 310 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ OH HO OH O HO OH HO OH O OH HO O OH OH O OH HO O OH O OH OH 50 51 OH OH OH HO O HO OH OH O OH O OH HO OH S O O OH OH HO O OH 52 53 OH HO O OH O OH H3 C S N OH CH3 SH H3 C CH3 O OH 56 Penicillenol A 1 55 54 O O OH OH H3C H 3C N N CH 3 CH3 H3C H3 C CH3 CH3 O O H HO 57 58 Penicillenol B1 Penicillenol A2 O O OH OH H3 C H3C N N CH3 H CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 O CH3 O HO 59 Penicillenol B2 60 Penicillenol C1 311 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ O OH H2N H3C OH N CH3 H3C CH3 O HO 61 O OH O OH Penicillenol C2 62 H 2N H 2N H OH H OH O OH OH O O O H 63 H O 64 H2 N H O H O O H OH OH H O 65 66 O OH O OH 67 68 O O OH HO 69 70 O O O OH OH OH O 71 OH 72 312 73 74 Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ O HO O OH O HO OH H3CO OH CH3 77 76 75 O O O OH OCH3 O OH HO HO O O OH OH 79 78 OH 80 HO OH O OH OH O OH CHO HO OH O O 82 81 O O OH OH OACH3 OH O O O OH O O O O H HO HO 83 OH 84 313 O O Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ O O H3CO OCH3 O O N O O O OH H O O 85 O 86 R1 R O O O R2 O HO O O O O O O O 91 92 93 94 H3CO 87 NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 88 89 90 R=H R=Ac R=Me Compound Class and name Source Terpenoids Emerimidine A Emerimidine B Emeriphenolicin A Emeriphenolicin B Emeriphenolicin C Emeriphenolicin D Emeriphenolicin E Emeriphenolicin F Mono Terpenoids Aspernidine A Aspernidine B Austin Dehydro Austin Tri Terpenoids Arjunolic acid Protoprimulagenin Aegicerin Embelinone Terpenes Maslinic acid Tri Terpenes Shearinine D Shearinine E Shearinine F Shearinine G Shearinine H Shearinine I Shearinine J Shearinine K Shearinine A Paspalitrem A paspaline E 16α-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy oleanan-3-one 2,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3,6-di undecyl di benzofuran-1,4-dione 2,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3,9-di undecyl di benzofuran-1,4-dione 10-hydroxy-4,0-methyl-2,11-di undecyl gomphilactone 5-o-methyl embelin 314 R1=Me R2=H R1=Me R2=OH R1=R2=H R1=Ac R2=H Part of the plant Ref Aegi-ceras Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] Aegi-ceras Bark Bark Bark Bark [1] [1] [1] [1] Aegi-ceras Bark Bark Bark Bark [5] [11] [11] [11] Aegi-ceras Bark [5] Aegi-ceras Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [11] [12] [12] [12] [12] Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Alkaloids N-2-methyl propyl-2-methyl butenamide 2-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline Fusarine 3-(1-amino ethylidene)-6-methyl-2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione Fusamine N-[4-(2-Formyl-5-hydroxy methyl pyrrol-1-yl)butyl]-acetamide N-[5-(2-Formyl-5-hydroxy methyl pyrrol-1-yl)-pentyl]-acetamide (3aR,8aR)-3a-acetoxyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro pyrrolo-(2,3-b) indol (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro pyrrolo-(2,3-b) indol-3a-ol N-acetyl tryptamine A Flavonoids Iso rhamnetin Saponins 2-methoxy-3-nonyl resorcinol 5-0 ethyl embelin 2-o-acetyl-5-o-methyl embelin 3,7-dihydroxy 2,5-diundecyl napthaquinone Tannins Gallocatechin Epi gallocatechin Epi gallocatechin-3-o-gallate Epi catechin-3-o-gallate Epi gallocatechin benzylthioether Epi catechin benzylthioether Benzyl mercaptan Acids Pencillenol A1 Pencillenol A2 Pencillenol B1 Pencillenol B2 Pencillenol C1 Pencillenol C2 (2E)-11-(4'-aminophenyl)-5,9-dihydroxy-4,6,8-tri methyl-11-oxo-undec-2-enoic acid 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-9-oxo-nonic acid (2E)-11-(4'-aminophenyl)-5,9-o-cyclo-4,6,8-trimethyl-11-oxo-undec-2-enoic acid 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-3,7-o-cyclo-2,4,6-trimethyl-9-oxo-nonoic acid Arachidic acid Heneicosanoic acid Myristoleic acid Linolelaidic acid Linoleic acid Cis-4,7,11,14,17-Eicosa pentanoic acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Linolenic acid Cis-11,14,17-Eicosa trienoic acid Arachidonic acid Gallic acid Syringic acid Others Poly ketides Leptosphaerone C Penicillenone Arugosin I 9-Demethyl FR-901235 Bacillosporin A Bacillosporin C Sequoiamonascin D Sequoiatone A Sequoiatone B Macrolides Iso Corniculatolide A 11-Acetoxy iso corniculatolide A 11-o-methyl iso corniculatolide A 11-o-methyl corniculatolide A 12-hydroxy-11-o-methyl corniculatolide A Corniculatolide A 11-Acetoxy corniculatolide A 315 Aegi-ceras Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Bark [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [11] Aegi-ceras Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs Stems and Twigs [12] [12] [12] [12] Aegi-ceras Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] Aegi-ceras Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Bark Bark [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [8] [8] [8] [8] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [11] [11] Aegi-ceras Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] Aegi-ceras Karnati Rajeswari and T. Bhaskara Rao J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(12):305-316 ______________________________________________________________________________ CONCLUSION Natural products may be useful as a source of novel chemical structures for Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Acknowledgement This work was supported by KLUNIVERSITY from the department of chemistry. We thank Dr.K.R.S.Prasad and Dr.J.V.K.Shanmukh Kumar for constant encouragement. REFERENCES [1] Guojian Zhang, Shiwei Sun, Tianjiao Zhu,Zhenjian Lin,. Phytochemistry., 2011,72,1436. [2] Zhenjian Lin, Tianjiao Zhu,Yuchun Fang,Qianqum Gu, Phytochemistry., 2008,69,1273. [3] Zhen-Jian Lin, Zhen-Yu Lu, Tian-Jiao Zhu,Yu-chun Fang, Chem.Pharm.Bull., 2008,56,217. [4] Ling Ding, Hans-Martin Dahse, Christin Hertweck., J.Nat.Prod., 2012, 75,617. [5] M.Gowri Ponnapalli, S.CH.V.A.Rao Annam, Saidulu Ravirala, J.Nat.Prod.,2012, 75,275. 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