Don’t judge the book by its cover…

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2011

associated peritonitis (PDP) is the key factor in successful management of PD. PDP is the most common reason for patients to transfer to haemodialysis and causes significant morbidity with mortality in the region of 3.5-10% [1]. Even in those who do not immediately suffer technique failure, it can cause loss of residual renal function and dialysis adequacy, peritoneal membrane failure, decreases ultrafiltration and increases the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis [2]. Which Is the Best Diagnostic Technique? PDP is defined by the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) as 2 out of 3 of the following: (1) signs and symptoms; (2) white cell count (WCC) 1 100/ml of PD effluent (PDE) and 1 50% neutrophils after a dwell of at least 2 h, and (3) a positive culture of an organism from the PDE [3]. The correct culture of PDE is important to ensure appropriate antibiotics are used. ISPD guidelines recommend sampling 50 ml of PDE with aseptic technique. In automated PD (APD) the larger volumes and shorter dwell times mean the PDE may not appear cloudy and the WCC may be ! 100/ml. In this instance, a 1-to 2-hour or longer dwell is recommended before sampling. The PDE is centrifuged and the sediment resuspended in sterile Key Words Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ؒ Peritoneal dialysis ؒ Peritoneal effluent ؒ Peritonitis ؒ Exit-site infection ؒ Tunnel infection ؒ Antibiotic prophylaxis

2009

Peritoneal Dialysis International, 2014

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is frequently complicated by high rates of peritonitis, which result in hospitalization, technique failure, transfer to hemodialysis, and increased mortality. Early diagnosis, and identification of contributing factors are essential components to increasing effectiveness of care. In previous reports, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a lipocalin which is a key player in innate immunity and rapidly detectable in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE), has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of peritonitis. This study investigates predictive value of PDE NGAL concentration as a prognostic indicator for PD-related peritonitis. Methods A case-control study with 182 PD patients was conducted. Plasma and PDE were analyzed for the following biomarkers: C-reactive protein (CRP), blood procalcitonin (PCT), leucocytes and NGAL in PDE. The cases consisted of patients with suspected peritonitis, while controls were the pa...

Artificial Organs, 2002

It is the goal of this section to publish material that provides information regarding specific issues, aspects of artificial organ application, approach, philosophy, suggestions, and/or thoughts for the future.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2013

Introduction and Aims: High permeability in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients had been reported to be associated with increased mortality. Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The inflammation is thought to take part in development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of peritoneal permeability type with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in PD patients. Methods: Based on the standard peritoneal equilibration test, 56 PD patients (28 male/ 28 female) were divided in two transporter groups: LOW (Low+Low average) and HIGH (High+High average) permeability. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured as a marker of inflammation and CIMT was evaluated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Results: 21 patients were LOW and 35 were HIGH transporters. Mean CRP level was significantly higher in the HIGH permeability group compared to LOW group (1.62 ±1.7mg/L vs. 0.84±1.00mg/L respectively, p=0.006). CIMT was higher in the HIGH group but this difference did not reach statistical significance (0.81±0.16 vs. 0.74±0.16, p=0.16). Conclusions: CRP, an indicator of inflammation, was found to be higher in the high transporter group. Also CIMT was found to be higher in high transporter group although it was not statistically significant. One of the causes of increased mortality rate in this group of patients may be explained by inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Advances in Aging Research, 2014

Here we aim to describe each factor that leads to skin aging and describe their mechanisms. A PubMed database searches (from January 2004 to March 2014) using aging and skin as searched terms. There are substantial evidences showing that aging is associated with damage from free radicals represented by various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are producers and also targets of oxidative stress. The cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction can trigger the aging process. In the cellular senescence and telomeres theory, the diploid cells exhibit a limited proliferation potential. After a finite number of divisions, they enter a state of senescence with a stop replication in cell proliferation. It is suggested that aging is associated mainly with hyper-regulation of apoptosis. Obesity presumably accelerates the process of aging, which is aggravated by smoking. And the influence of the environment, called solar UV irradiation is of considerable importance to skin aging. There are several mechanisms that trigger the natural aging process and contribute to age-related changes, including oxidative stress theory of free radicals, the mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, UV radiation and other mechanisms that taken together or alone may or not accelerate the change in skin.

World Reformed Fellowship

We have at least two ugly bleeding scars across the face of Christendom that we urgently need to address if we wish to see a Renaissance of Evangelical Christianity in our time. Both have to do with perceptions that may be at odds with the best research of our historians, but these perceptions, whether or not fully based on careful history, make us appear to some people as if we are monstrous Frankensteins, not representatives of the Suffering Servant, Good Shepherd, and Prince of Peace.

Viral diseases, such as Nipah virus, Covid-19, monkeypox, swine flu, Hendra virus, avian influenza, rabies, yellow fever, Rift Vally fever, and others are important cause of morbidity as well as mortality in humans and animals worldwide. Measles is one most devastating viral disease that is responsible to infect around 20 million people globally every year. Measles virus is more infectious than influenza virus. The incidence of measles is higher in children than adults, and outbreaks of disease usually occur in early spring and late winter. Disease can spread rapidly unless the herd immunity is sustained. Hitherto, humans are known as the only natural host of measles, and can infect the monkeys. Clinical symptoms including cough, coryza and conjunctivitis are observed in most of the cases. Laboratory tests, such as immunofluorescence, virus isolation, immunological and molecular tools can be useful to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. Since there are no antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are available to treat the sick persons, immunization is the mainstay to control the disease as it provides a lasting immunity of about two decades.

Los huesos del cráneo son 8: frontal, 2 parietales, 2 temporales, occipital, etmoides y esfenoides. HUESO FRONTAL: hueso plano situado en la parte anterior del cráneo. Tiene una porción vertical que forma la frente y una porción horizontal que forma el TECHO DE LAS ÓRBITAS, cavidades óseas donde se alojan los globos oculares. La inserción de ambas porciones da lugar a los REBORDES ORBITARIOS o bordes supraorbitarios (donde están las cejas) y por encima se encuentran los ARCOS SUPRACILIARES.

Revista de Antropologia, 2018

Entre novembro de 1938 e abril de 1939, financiado por Robert Lowie, Curt Nimuendajú viajou pelos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo, com o propósito de pesquisar os povos Jê setentrionais. O presente artigo recupera um conjunto de cinco cartas inéditas enviadas por Nimuendajú a Lowie no contexto de realização dessa viagem, tendo como objetivo não apenas a apresentação das informações etnográficas produzidas pelo autor sobre os grupos do nordeste, especialmente os Kamakã, Maxacali e Botocudo, mas também refletir sobre a sua relação com seu principal interlocutor teórico.