The strategia Bessica

Х Х Х Я ХХХ JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHAELOGICAL RESEARCH 1 ,Х2013 Х „ Х / 2013 Х ” 1 Х Х Х Х Я JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHAELOGICAL RESEARCH : я ъ Х : г г г гВ В Х г г - В г г г г г г - Я: ъ ISSN 1314-748X © ,зе13 “ ”, 2 Х Х : Я: CONTENTS: ARTICLES AND REPORTS: А PREHISTORY - К Е я К Petar Minkov – Ceramic fragments of early Bronze Age settlement near the Ezero with signs of ceramic style Cotofeni culture............................................................................................... ANTIQUITY А И а – я Ivo Topalilov - Once again on the strategy of Bessica............................................................10 И а а а –„ ” Ivan Karayotov – "Under the high walls of Anchialos"................................................. MEDIEVAL В В а а– я Stella Doncheva – Sciences in the medieval Christian architecture ................................. – я Todor Petrov – Development and Role of Bulgarian education in the Middle Ages………… 3 а – я ХІІІ-ХІV George Kovatchev – Soils and Economy in Northeastern Thrace during the 13th and the14th Centuries………………………………………………………………………………………………… я (1434-1444) – я , я III я я 1444 .? Nevyan Mitev – In which fortress does the crusade army of Vladislav Varnenchik receive theletter informing of the passing of the Ottoman troops across the Straits during the fall of 1444?.................................................................................................................................... ВЪ RENAISSANCE А А а а а– я. (ХVІ-ХVІІІ .) Milena Dragneva – Shopping in Provadia 16 th – 18 th c……………………………………….. MODERN HISTORY ВА А - ВА а а– , я 1886 . Rossica Angelova – Mladen Sinigersky , Russia and the Political Crisis of 1886………… – , И , я (1946 – 1955 . ) Simeon Kulish – USSR, CMEA, Warsaw Pact and the Balkans (1946-1955)…………….. CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION ВА АВ А а а а а– я – Krassimira Sandeva – Restoration of a lead anchor from the Naval Museum Varna fund 4 А ANTIQUITY а И а я а а Once again on the strategy of Bessica Ivo Topalilov Abstract: The present paper deals with the territory of the strategy of Bessica which was the goal of numerous studies, some of them quite recent. The main idea is that the territory of that strategy is to be localized within the territory of Philippopolis which is some studies is identified even as the capital of it. Two arguments to the theory that during the Roman period the strategy under consideration was in fact the Rodophe Mountains are added here based on the study of military diplomas and epigraphic evidence: the lack of any evidence for massive recruitment for the Roman Navy from the territory of Philippopolis which in fact goes in line with the tradition that the soldiers for the Navy should be originated from rural and lowurbanized areas, and the lack of evidence for settling the Navy veterans within Philippopolis as should be expected since the Bessi were the most numerous sailors in the Misene fleet. There are only two evidence from the territory of Philippopolis, mainly from the outskirts of the Rodhope mountains. This is in sharp contrast to the other regions such as Serdica and Nicopolis ad Nestum, the latter mentioned ex Bessia. 44/4η . , .2 1 , - , 3 , , .4 , 1 2 3 4 а . . а, - а , . , . , „ Igr T E 84. . ” , ί η0, . , .2, , 2004, 35-36. (І-ІІІ .), – Plin. Nat Hist. IV, 40. – Ptol. III, 11, 8-10. Β , ή, ,δБI, 2, 1967, 31-η0ν , . 3κ .ν , 1λιι, δББII,2, 30-36. 10 . 1λ24 ., „ ”. . , . , 5 , . 6 . , . .7 . - . , , , , – , . . ωТХХКО-Carasura.8 . , , , . , . . , .9 . , . , Д---] ν . а а , . а , .. , 7 , . 8 а , . . . 9 , 38. 10 . а а, ., а 1994, 19, 65-72; 66-70. 11 . Ша а , . 159; 148-153. 12 а , И. 290-291. 6 ν , . , Δο , , VІ, 1924, 31-47; 31. , 1968, 118-124. . ., 43-44. а, , , , .12 , 11 , Δο , , . Δο (?) ν , [Δο ] ν 5 10 ν , 1975, 150-159. . , , – , , λ, 2004, 2, 146- μ TСО Roman and Late Roman city, 2002, 11 13 « , , ».14 , , .15 « », « », » « .16 ε. ГКСКrТКНО , І-ІІІ . 17 , , . [---] ν ДΚο] ν [Δο ] ν .18 , 19 , , , . , - ( ), . , sТtЮ , ТmК МКЯОК Δ[ο ] ν – [ ] [ά Тn Τ [έ ο ] Κ .20 , . . , , , - 13 14 ύ ο – . а , И. ..., 290. , . . , 291. 15 16 ГКСКrТКНО, . The Thracians in the Roman Imperial Army from the first to the third century A.D., ClujNapoca, 2009, 20. 18 . . Ша а , . . ., 1η0, . 2. 19 , 153. 20 , 151-1η2. , – . . а а. , . 1., , 114, , , , . 12 17 .21 , , , 22 , .23 , , - - .24 , , . , , . . , ( , . . ) .25 , „ ” . , , , . , „ ” 26, , , . 27 , - . , , . - , , .28 , , а, . , . 1, ., 2000, 34, 44, 50-51. , 51. 23 , 4κ. 24 , 3θ. 25 Delev, P. One More on the Thracian Strategies of Claudius Ptolemy –Inμ . . . 2009, 245-253. 26 Ptol. 3.11.6: Σ α γ α ἰ ἐ ῇ ἐπα χ ᾳ π αῖ Μυ α α π ο ὄ ο ἀ χο ο ἀπ υ Δα , Σα , ,Σ ·π ῇ Μα ο ᾳ α ἰγα ῳ π γ ὁ ο α γ α Μα ,Δ ο , Κο , Σαπα , Κο π , Κα · α π Μα , φ' ἣ , α Σα α · πα ἀπ ου π χ ᾿ πο α πα ο ἡ ᾿ α γ α. 27 . –Delev, P. One more..., 2009 28 – . Tatscheva, . ϊТО rКФТsМСОn BОssТ Тn НОr römТsМСОn КrmОО, In S. Evangelisti, L. Galli (eds.) XI Congresso Intemazionale di Epigrafia Greca e Latina, Atti, 1, 1999, 863-872. 13 21 22 а .29 orТРo. . εОtТМЮs SoХКО П. BОssЮs, КХК I AstЮrЮm, . 14 , І/ λλ . 30 , ІІ . – ІV . . , . 1θ0 ., , , ι .31 . , , nКtТonО BОssЮs, . ι ι0 . , ϊЮХОs ϊКtЮТ П. ХОРТo II Adiutrix Pius Fidelis.32 .33 . , , . ε(КrМЮs) AЮrОХТЮs TОrОs ЯОtОrКnЮs Об КХК prТmК AstorЮm, nКtТonnО BОssЮs, – , ІІ ІІІ .34 , , Щ . , , , , ι Seuthi f. BОssЮs, κκ . МoСors Musulamiorum. BТtСЮs , , VТК diagonalis. , 30 CIL XVI, 45. RMD III, 1994, 172. 32 CIL XVI 10. 33 я , И. 34 , . 46; n. 64. 35 CIL XVI, 35. , , 29 - . . 35 , . . , – . , , , , . 31 (І-ІІІ .), ., 2008, 191. , 4, , θ3, 1, 1969, 314 , .36 . , ., 121 - , μ [---] Besso.37 , - .38 , .39 , , , . 40 , . ωХКРТssКО П. BОssЮs, - . 2κ , . . 13κ . МoСors II εКttТКМorЮm.41 ωХКРТssК , .42 , . . , , 13 140 . ОqЮТtЮm Illyricorum.43 Solae f. Bessus, BТtСЮs , ,44 1λ3 ., , , , . , . . . ., λ0ν RMD I, London 1978, 19. 38 . я И. – 36 37 39 – . я . , И. , . . 200κ, 1κθ. (І-ІІІ .), . , 2008, 225-226. . . 225-226. SМОntТЮs – . а , И. C. SМОntТЮs ωОХОr , ς – In: Problemes and challenges of the archaeological and cultural-historical researches, vol. 1, Plovdiv, 2009,106-114. 41 CIL XVI, 83. 42 я , И. . . ., 1η0, а а, . ..., .1, 161. 43 RMD I, London 1978, 39. 44 я . И. . . ., 156. 15 40 , 1κ η4 ., SОбtЮs Magus, Bessus, . Gallorum et Thracum Antiana.45 , ς . , ala . , – , .46 . 47 , . , . , , , . , , - . , , . , , , Щ . εОtТМЮs SoХКО П. BОssЮs, , . . , . , . , , . - , , . , . , , . , trТК nomТnК, ПТХТКtТo, / . , , Petronius Eptaezeni f(ilio) EptaetraliЮs, , , 1 142 . L(ucius) class(e) pr(aetoria) Ravenn(ate) 45 CIL XVI, 3, AE 1930, 72. , , . 47 а а, . . . ., 50-51. 46 . 16 orТРo, , σТМopoХ(Тs) Об BОss(ТК).48 ε(КrМЮs) UХpТЮs BТгКО П(ТХТЮs) RТЮoгТЮs, σТМop(oХТs) Об BОss(ТК)49 pr(aetoria) Ravenn(ate), 1 142 ., .50 σТМopoХТs КН BОssТК ι σТМopoХТs Об TСrКМТК, 1θ0 . , σТМopoХТs КН σОstЮm, 51 – class(e) σТМopoХТs КН IstrЮm. Nicopolis ex Moesia52 , (UХpТК) σТМopoХТs Об εoОsТК ТnПОrТor.53 Щ , PСТХТppopolis ex Thracia54, – Augusta Traiana ex Thracia55 Thracia. SОrНТМК Об , 56 , , BОss(ia), . . - . , , . – , , .57 , , ІІ , . 21 ., ‘ωoОХКХОtКО τНrЮsКОqЮО Оt ϊТТ, ЯКХТНКtО nКtТonОs’.58 , , , , , . , . , , , . 48 RMD IV, London, 2003, 264. RMD V, London, 2008, 392. 50 . RMD V, 393, 394; RMD V, 428. 51 . RMD V, 425. 52 RMD V, 457 (Ian, 9/ Oct. 11, 221), 463 (14 Nov/11 Dec 224). 53 RMD V, 471 (236 AD). 54 RMD I, 105 (7 Febr. 160 AD); IV, 227 (7 Febr. 160); V, 459 (9 Jan/11 Oct. 221). 55 RMD V, 427 (7 Febr. 160). 56 RMD V, 435 (13 Mart 205). 57 RMD IV, p. 506, n. 8. 58 Tac. Ann. 3. 38. 49 17 , , , , – - . . , , , .59 ωС. Starr , , - .60 , , , – . , , , .61 . . , , , . , 62 , . . , , . ω. Iulius Bithus, Seuthi f(ilius)63 f(ilius), orТРo 64 PСТХТppopoХТ Об TСrКМТК, , 1θ0 . , P. δЮМrОtТЮs FТrmЮs, PrТХТ , , ι , , ε. Roxan 134 ., ХОРТo X Fretensis - . а а, . . . ., 155-179. Starr, Ch. The Roman Imperial Navy 31 B.C.-A.D. 324 (Cambridge)2, 1960, 71. 61 , 75-76. 62 . Tabula Imperii Romana, K-35/2-Philippopolis, Tendill Publishing House, Sofia, 2012. 63 RMD II, London, 1985, 105. 64 RMD IV, 277. 59 60 18 , , .65 , - , . . , 11θ ., , , , σТМopoХТs Об BОssТК, . . σТМopoХТs КН σОstЮm.66 , , , , , - , , . – , - , . , , , , μ КmnОm StrвmonОm КММoХЮnt НОбtro ХКtОrО ϊОnsОХОtКО Оt Maedi ad Bisaltas usque supra dictos, laevo Digeri Bessorumque multa nomina ad Mestum amnem.67 Roxan, A. A Diploma of the Misene Fleet –In: Frei-StoХЛК, R./SpОТНОХ, ε.A. (ОНs.), RömТsМСО InsМСrТПtОn – σОЮПЮnНО, σОЮХТsЮnРОn ЮnН σОЮТntОrprОtКtТonОn. FОstsМСrТПt Пür H. δТОЛ BКsОХ-Berlin, 1995, 101-112; 110; Paunov, E. A Hadrianic diploma for a Thracian sailor from the Misene fleet: 25 December 119 A.D., Archaeologia Bulgarica 3, 2005, 39-51; 5, 47. 66 . , 47. 67 Plin, Nat. Hist., IV, 11, 40. 19 65