AIGAI 2014 The ‘anatomy’ of a tumulus'

CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ChaPter 1 exCavating MaCedon aigai 1 . The excavations of the 17th ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical antiquities in the asty and the necropolis of aigai in 2003-2004: new evidence for the royal burial cluster of eurydice and the city wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 . The research at aigai, a ‘πόλις κατά κώμας’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 . The royal necropolis of aigai 2012-2013: Five new royal tombs and the solution to an old problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4 . The ‘anatomy’ of a tumulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5 . The royal necropolis of aigai: walking through the centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Pieria Mountains 1 . The excavations of the 17th ephorate in upland ‘Macedonis’ and the identification of ancient Levaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 vermion 1 . The excavation at vermion tzamala 1999/2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2 . The excavation at tzamala, vermion in 2001 major projects and antiquities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 ChaPter 2 toPograPhY, SoCietY, art and CULtUre in MaCedon Burial customs and believes 1 . royal funerary pyres in the necropolis in aigai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 2 . The Custom of Cremation and the Macedonians . Thoughts on the finds from the necropolis of aigai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3 . Macedonian burial customs and the funeral of alexander the great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 4 . The necropolis of aigai in the archaic period and the royal burial clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Upland imathia in the early iron age (11th -7th Century BC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 old preconceptions and new finds: ‘Macedonians or Bottiaians? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Philosophy and architecture in the palace of aigai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 The enigma of the ivory heads from the tomb of Philip ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 aigai in the hellenistic period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 ChaPter 3 MaCedonian eLeMentS in the heLLeniStiC ‘eCUMene’ Queens - Priestesses - goddesses: From Macedonia to the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 architecture and politics in the kingdom of the Seleucids: new evidence from ikaros–Failaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Kings, poleis and politics from Philip ii to Seleucus i nicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Thoughts relating to the ‘discovery of telephus’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 7 P R E FAC E uring the last decades, the huge rescue excavations, as part of major public works projects, as well as the conservation and restoration of monuments and archaeological sites, in the framework of eU co-funding projects, brought to light many new finds that contribute substantially to the study of ancient Macedonia . This applies especially to aigai and the wider region of imathia, the core land of the Macedonian kingdom . however, the presentations at various conferences and the publications in honorary volumes regarding those finds in greek are not easily accessible to the international scientific community, resulting to their exclusion from the scientific dialogue . The present volume, published by the ephorate of antiquities of imathia, aims at overcoming that difficulty . even though the volume’s main focus is aigai, it is not limited to them, includes more and broader issues and it is divided into three sections . The first section comprises the presentation of important excavation finds of the last twenty years . Five papers are dedicated to aigai: the discovery of the northwestern part of the city’s wall (2003-4), the elucidation of the Macedonian metropolis’ organization as a conglomerate of settlements (city ‘kata komes’) (2006), the discovery of a group of new royal tombs (2012-2013) at the cluster of the temenids, the discovery of an important unlooted tomb of the 4th century and the elucidation of the stratigraphy of the burial mounds in the classical period (2014), as well as of the overall organization and the necropolis’ horizontal stratigraphy (2015); they have been presented at the annual conference “archaeological work in Macedonia and Thrace” (aeMTh), and only the first two are published until now . There is, also, the presentation of the excavation at the region of Pieria mountains in 2004, which led to the identification of ancient Levaia, and two presentations of the extended rescue excavations at vermio, during the construction of the new egnatia road, which led to the elucidation of the way the mountainous area was organized in the antiquity . in the second section nine papers present interpretations of the new findings as well as working hypotheses - conclusions regarding the topography, society, art, culture and history of Macedon . Four of them relate to the Macedonian burial customs: the royal funerary pyres at the necropolis of aigai, the custom of cremation and its use by the Macedonians, the funeral of alexander the great, and the creation and evolution of the royal tomb clusters at the archaic necropolis of aigai . one explores the spatial organization and the pattern of the settlements in imathia during the early iron age and another discusses the crucial issue of the first expansion of the Macedonians, beyond the limits of their ’homeland’ . two others, «The enigma of the ivory heads from the tomb of Philip ii», which was presented in 2004 at a conference in new York, but never published, and the «Philosophy and architecture in the palace of aigai», discuss the astonishing artistic achievements of the age of Philip ii, that was undoubtedly the “golden age” of aigai, while the last of that group presents all the new evidence regarding the Macedonian metropolis of aigai during the hellenistic periodThe third and last section includes four extensive articles dedicated to Macedonian elements that seal some very interesting political and cultural developments of the hellenistic world, and, hopefully, will initiate relevant discussion . in “Queens-Priestesses-goddesses: From Macedonia to the world”, based on the findings of aigai, the iconography of the queens of Macedon is related to the broader iconographic types of archaic and classical art and its genetic relationship with the iconography of the hellenistic queens is clarified, giving us a safe tool for their identification while its evolution is recorded until the late antiquity . The finds of our excavation at Failaka (2007-2009) that lead to a reconsideration of the data and a new proposal for the reconstruction of the temples and the sacred enclosure, as well as to thoughts regarding D 9 their ideological function, are the topics of “architecture and Politics in the Kingdom of the Seleucids: new evidence from ikaros–Failaka”, while the beginnings and the crucial importance of establishing cities as a key tool, for the formulation of a new worldview are discussed in “Kings, Poleis and Politics from Philip ii to Seleucus nicator” . in the present volume the reader will find my first published paper entitled “Thoughts relating to the ‘discovery οf telephus’”, which was written in 1987 for “ametos”, the volume in honor of Manolis andronikos . i would not change a single word of that paper; on the contrary, i believe that further evidence now indicates deliberate mentions from the attalids to ‘manners’ and “topoi”, related with the temenids, but this is the subject of an other ongoing study . The present publication would not have been realized, without the aid of dr nicola wardle, who translated and edited the texts and, of course, without the knowledge, care and experience of eurasia Publications and, personally, of ethel and Phaedon Kidoniatis . i warmly thank them all and i hope that our collaboration will continue . a n g e L i K i Ko t ta r i di 10 THE ‘ANATOMY’ OF A TUMULUS 4. 1 s famous in antiquity as it is today for the splendour of its royal burials, the necropolis of aigai is definitely the best-known part of the Macedonian metropolis . however, there are still many questions which should, indeed must, be studied systematically . Τhe western part of the necropolis is occupied by the modern village of vergina with the result that any surface features (burial mounds, enclosures, tombstones etc .) have vanished . as a result of heavy cultivation the same thing occurred to some extent to the north, where the earliest graves have been found (beginning of the 1st millennium BC) .2 to the east the original extent of the cemetery has not been determined as the surface of the ground has been significantly altered by alluvia caused by the torrents which crossed and still cross the area . at its centre, however, in an area of almost 50 hectares, 540 tumulus or tumulus-like structures of medium or smaller size are still preserved . These were systematically documented and numbered in 2008-9 during the preparation for the development of a consolidated Master plan for the unified protection, management and display of the archaeological site of aigai, a UneSCo world heritage Site (Fig . 1) . in academia the view still holds that the burial mounds at aigai all belong to a cemetery of tumuli of the early iron age, such as those known from other areas of Macedonia . however, already by 1998, when a rescue excavation in the area of the ‘Bella tombs’ cluster led to the discovery of a series of circular enclosures with undisturbed graves and burial pyres dating to the Late hellenistic period, we had begun to have doubts about this assumption,3 doubts which were reinforced by the systematic study of the spatial and chronological development of the cemetery (Fig . 2) . half a century after the excavations of Manolis andronikos and Photios Petsas in the tumulus cemetery, we believed that it was worth undertaking a systematic excavation of some of the tumuli with the primary aim of thoroughly investigating their stratigraphy and structure . in 2008, during the development of the ‘master plan’, 5 tumuli were selected at specific points which would also constitute points of interest for visitors to the archaeological park of the necropolis of aigai . one of these (tumulus 161/2014) is located next to the west entrance of the park, opposite the entrance to the area of the royal tomb cluster of Philip ii and was excavated in the summer of 2014 (Fig . 3) . after the completion of the excavation the tumulus has been reconstructed in its original ellipsoid form, with a maximum diameter of roughly 30 m and a preserved height of 2 .5 m . on its surface were more recent disturbances which are most likely due to the removal of clay for the construction of mudbricks – many of the houses built4 by the refugees in vergina were mudbrick – but also traces of fires which could be associated with ancient sacrifices (enagismoi) (Fig . 4a-b) . There were also several small piles of stones, perhaps cairns . Large stones which could be associated with a stone built peribolos were few and, if there were ever periboloi, they appear to have been destroyed by the successive addition of new graves (Fig . 5a-b) . in the two-thirds of the tumulus which was excavated, a total of 20 graves were found: a small cist-like box grave, 3 tile graves (two of which belonged to infant burials), 8 cist graves built of mudbrick and 8 pit graves which date to the troubled years after the death of alexander the great up to the death of demetrius Poliorcetes (the end of the 4th/beginning of the 3rd century BC) . all of the graves are oriented east-west . according to the rule which is universally applicable at aigai, the women have their heads to the east and the men have theirs to the west . Thus from the remains of the bones which demonstrate the position of the deceased and the offerings, where they exist, we can identify with reasonable certainty 7 female graves (including an infant and two young girls) and 9 male (including another infant and two young boys) . There is only one cremation, for the burial of the remains of which they used a stone container (Fig . 6) . A 1 . Presented in ΑΕΜΘ 29, 2015 . First publication here . 2 . ΑΝΔΡΟΝΙΚΟΣ, M . 1969, BraÜning, a ., KiLian-dirLMeYer i . 2013 with bibliography . 3 . ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ, 1998 . 4 . vergina is a village of refugees from the Black Sea which was created after the population exchange in 1924 . 36 Fig. 1. Plan: The necropolis of Aigai, excavated and existing burial mounds 37 Fig. 2. Plan: The “Bellas’ cluster” late classic c. 330 BC/red, early Hellenistic 323-150 BC/yellow, late Hellenistic 150-31 BC/blue Fig. 3. Plan: The western part of the necropolis. Excavated graves. Light grey excavated tumuli, dark grey existing tumuli 38 of moderate means . Perhaps the richest grave offerings were in the large grave built with mudbrick belonging to the male which united the two groups . in this tomb, despite the later disturbance, the yellow clay coating of the floor was well preserved as well as fragments of a mudbrick podium which must have supported a wooden couch . The clay relief plaques which were found scattered in the area from where, probably, the grave was robbed are likely part of the couch . a female figure wrapped in a himation who is leaning on an altar or pedestal and the greek and barbarian warriors form a frieze depicting a battle scene (Fig . 7), a theme which clearly echoes the military campaign in the east, an event marked in the memories of not just the Macedonians of aigai . it is likely that the same scene inspired the painter of the attic red figure pelike with a scene of a battle which was found in another grave in the tumulus (Fig . 8) . however, the most valuable and rare object was found in the grave of a little girl, clearly beloved by her parents, who gave her for her final journey, rich gold ornaments, earrings and beads and the only mirror to have been found so far in aigai, a small elegant bronze mirror, the work of a very skilled craftsman (Fig . 9a-b) . on the lid of the mirror eros, in the form of a gentle child, flies to embrace and kiss a brave youth who is seated in a relaxed pose on a rock . The goose at the feet of eros emphases the context of the scene but the keys to identifying his companion are the shape of his ear and the skin of a panther which is laid out on the rock: the handsome youth, who brings to mind the antikythera youth, is none other than a young Satyr, a follower of dionysos, the god of desire and passion . it should also be noted that no early iron age burials were found in this tumulus . while preparing the Master Plan for the archaeological site of aigai, in 2008 we excavated about half of a relatively large tumulus (tumulus 110/2008-14) which was located in a more or less central point, at the edge of the ancient road which led from the temenids tomb cluster towards the north, passing beside the ‘long narrow tumulus’ .6 with a height of c . 3 m and a diameter of 25 m (a perimeter therefore of almost 80 m) it (tumulus 110/2008-14) belongs to the groups of medium sized tumuli (Fig . 10a-c) . The finds, three stone-built cist graves and a pit grave all dating to the last third of the 4th century, intersecting enclosures of undressed stones and three pit graves from the 7th century BC – were typical examples and it was decided that they should be covered by a shelter and remain visible to demonstrate clearly the history of the area . The rest of the tumulus was excavated this year as part of the ongoing work of nSrF (national Strategic reference Framework) 2007–2013 ‘Restoration-promotion of the Royal Necropolis of Aigai. Protection and display of the cemetery of tumuli and the grave com- Fig. 4. Tumulus 161/2014 (a) plan and (b) section of the mound. Late Classic/red, early Hellenistic/yellow The infants were buried in containers which were created from two imbrices, the children in carefully constructed brick-built cist graves . The majority of the adults were buried in quite large pit graves, one of which exceeded 3 m in depth . two clusters can be identified, the east and the west, and it appears that there were initially two separate tumuli which were joined by the construction of two large graves belonging to a woman and a man . The joining of the two tumuli is also evident in the stratigraphy . The relationship of the graves shows that it probably belonged to members of a wider family who were buried in the tumulus over two generations . The tile-covered graves and the infant graves were completely without offerings, five of the graves were found intact and the rest, including the largest, had been looted, either entirely or in part, a well-known phenomenon at aigai which was probably the result of looting by the gauls .5 in one of the unlooted tombs the deceased wore a gilded bronze wreath, but the general impression is that it was a family 5 . diod . 6 . For the ‘long narrow tumulus’ see ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΥ, Α . 2008 . 39 plex of the Temenids,’ and had kept a pleasant surprise for us, a large undisturbed cist grave, a rare occurrence in the necropolis at aigai . Let us look at the facts in order . during the reign of alexander the great a large cist grave (Τ9/2014, c . 2 .5x4 m) was constructed in poros limestone in a central part of the necropolis . it was encircled with an undressed stone peribolos with a diameter of c . 10 m and covered with an earth mound (Fig . 11a-d) . a little time after, another cist grave of similar dimensions was added to the north of it (t3) and a smaller chest-like grave (Τ1) to the north east . The later cuts through a pre-existing grave of the 7th century BC (Τ8) which together with at least one other similar early archaic pit grave (Τ7) forms a cluster which shared an apparently small tumulus . The two new early hellenistic graves also have undressed stone periboloi which are preserved in part and extend the original tumulus . Finally, a monolithic chest (Τ6) was added to the north which contained cremated remains as well as a simple pit grave (Τ4) furnished with a large clay jug . Beside the chest was a pre-existing grave of the 7th century BC which was disturbed when the chest was robbed . The peribolos and the tumulus which enclosed these graves also enlarged the original tumulus of the 4th century BC . a stone base of a burial stone and scattered pottery indicate continued use to the west, but here the old tumulus was destroyed by more recent digging for clay . Close to the two chests they found two deep circular pits . in the northern one were fragments of a gilded bronze wreath and gilded clay beads . The large cist grave (t9/2014) was covered by five doric architraves in secondary use . Τhe length of the architraves indicates an inter axial space of 2 .25 m . Τhis means that the height of the columns of the stoa or temple from which they came must have been almost 5 m, clearly a monumental structure . The presence of these spolia in the grave and especially at a time when there was no disaster or violent disturbance of the social order in the town perhaps suggests some kind of special status of the deceased (Fig . 12) . The inside of the tomb was plastered with good quality white plaster and the chamber was dominated by a brick-built podium also covered in white plaster . according to the standard practice this would have supported a wooden couch on which the deceased would have been placed with the head to the west, crowned with a rich gilded bronze wreath of ivy . a preliminary study of the bones indicates a man close to 50 years old . on the couch along with the body of the deceased was a red figure trefoil-mouth oinochoe with a scene of a symposium depicted on it, the twin of the one which was found smashed to the north west of the tumulus in 2008 . to the south the couch abutted the wall, but to the north there was space for a narrow wooden table with symposium vessels on it, a gilded bronze situla of exceptional quality (Fig . 13), a kantharos, a ladle, a strainer and a small fruit bowl, all in bronze, as well as a set of clay black-glazed vessels, a handless cup (kalyx), a fish plate, two simple plates, two small bowls, two ‘salt’ pots and a perfume bottle (an askos of the guttus type) which supplemented the former . of particular interest are the abundant remains of organic material everywhere, material from the covers on the couch and the clothing of the deceased, where indeed traces of purple cloth, leather and predominantly the remains of the couch itself were found . it was easy to recognise at first glance the remains of the gilded decoration from the front side of the couch, which as is demonstrated by the glass eyes and glass square plaques from the ‘abakota’, is a couch of the so-called greek type, similar in shape to the chryselephantine ones from the Philip’s tomb . in fact, the cut-out gilded silver strips with figures of eros and revellers (men and women) that decorated the glass plaques (Fig . 14a-b) replicate those on the couch from the antechamber of Philip’s tomb . a similar wooden couch probably existed in the looted cist tomb (t3) in the tumulus, as demonstrated by the characteristic glass fragments found in the debris left by the looters . once they had admired the wealth and beauty of the royal household’s furnishings and Philip’s royal banquets, the affluent citizens of aigai imitated the grandeur of it as far the depth of their pockets permitted . i have already expressed the opinion that Philip’s chryselephantine couches were made in a workshop located in aigai .7 i think that this couch, as well as the fragments of similar furniture which we have found in looted tombs tends to support this hypothesis . who was the deceased? of course, since no gravestone bearing an inscription was found and since clearly he was not a member of the royal family, we cannot look for him in literary sources, nor can we state his name, but we can combine the facts to form some thoughts about him . The fact that an adult man and indeed one who was so wealthy that he wore clothes dyed with purple, was not accompanied by his weapons, when a spear, a javelin or even a knife were the standard item to equip the grave of even the poorest citizens of aigai is clearly no accident . This fact, in combination with the rare wreath of ivy, permits us to think that this respectable, purple-clad citizen of aigai was a priest of dionysos, or a prominent member of the troupe of the Mother of the gods, the existence of which is testified to by an inscription from the same date as the tomb .8 if this is the case it may explain the privilege of using spolia from a public, possibly religious building in the tomb . The study of the rich organic material collected meticulously from this tomb promises to shed light on this mystery also! 7 . Kottaridi, 1994, Kottaridi, 2005 and Kottaridi 2011g . 8 . ΔΡΟΥΓΟΥ, Σ .1990 . 40 Fig. 6. Tumulus 161, burials according to sex: light blue male, light red female Fig. 5. The excavated part of tumulus 161 (a), (b) a Fig. 7. Barbarian warriors from a frieze depicting probably a battle scene b Fig. 8. Attic red figure pelike, 3rd quarter of the 4th c. BC Fig. 9. The bronze mirror (a) in situ, (b) after the conservation 41 Fig. 10. The tumulus 110/2008-14: (a) plan early iron age burials/green and 4th c. BC burials/red, (b) section N-S, (c) section W-E 42 Fig. 11. The tumulus 110/2008-14 in 4th c. BC (a), T1 (b), T3 (c), T6 (d) 43 Fig. 13. The bronze situla in situ (a) (b) Fig. 14. (a) and (b) The cut-out gilded silver strips with figures of Eros and revellers (men and women) that decorated the glass plaques from the wooden couch found in the unlooted grave T9/2014 Fig. 12. The cist grave T9 (a), the opening of the grave (b) 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY AbhBerlin: Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse AbhMünchen: Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse Adi: Annali dell’istituto corrispondenza archeologica ΑΔ: Αρχαιολογικό Δελτίο ΑΕΜΘ: Το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Μακεδονία και τη Θράκη AJP: The American Journal of Philology GRBS: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies Jdi: Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen instituts REG: Revue des études grecques. SNR: Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau TAPha: Transactions of the American Philological Association * aeLLen, Ch ., CaMBitogLoU, a ., ChaMaY, J . 1986: Le Peintre de Darius et son milieu. Vases grecs d’italie méridionale (hellas e roma 4), geneva . ΑΛΑΜΑΝΗ, Β ., ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ, Μ . 1992: «Σωστικές ανασκαφές στην πόλη της Βέροιας» ΑΕΜΘ 6, Θεσσαλονίκη, 93-100 . aLFÖLdi, a ., aLFÖLdi, e . 1976-1990: Die Kontorniat-Medaillons, Ι-ii (antike Münzen und geschnittene Steine 6), Berlin . aMandrY, M ., CaLLot, o . 1988: «Le trésor de Failaka 1984 (Koweït)», in Revue numismatique xxx, 64-74 . androniKoS, M . 1968: Totenkult, (Archaeologia Homerica iii), göttingen . — 1969: Βεργίνα Ι . Το νεκροταφείον των τύμβων, Αθήνα . —1984: Οι μακεδονικοί τάφοι και άλλες αρχαιότητες, Θεσσαλονίκη . — 1984: Vergina. The royal tombs, athens . — 1987a: «Some reflections on the Macedonian tombs», BSA 82, 1-16 . — 1987b: «Βεργίνα . Ανασκαφή 1987», ΑΕΜΘ 1, Θεσσαλονίκη, 81-88 . — 1988: «Βεργίνα 1988 . Ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο», ΑΕΜΘ 2, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1-3 . — 1990: Βεργίνα ΙΙ: Ο «Τάφος Της Περσεφόνης» . ΑΝΔΡΟΝΙΚΟΣ M ., ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ, Α . 1986a: Έργον, Αθήνα . — 1986b: ΠΑΕ 1986 . — 1987: Έργον 1987 . ΑΝΔΡΟΝΙΚΟΣ, Μ ., ΜΠΑΚΑΛΑΚΗΣ, Γ ., ΜΑΚΑΡΟΝΑΣ, Χ ., ΜΟΥΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Ν . 1961: Το ανάκτορο της Βεργίνας, Αθήνα . araFat, K .w . 1990: Classical Zeus. A Study in Art and Literature, oxford . arndt, P ., aMeLUng, w . (eds) 1893-1947: Photographische Einzelaufnahmen antiker Sculpturen, Munich . aUStin, C . 1968: Nova fragmenta euripidea in papyris reperta (Kleine texte für vorlesungen und Übungen 187), Berlin . Badian, e . 1981: “The deification of alexander the great”, ancient Macedonian Studies in Honor of Charles F. Edson, Thessaloniki, 27-71 . BaKer, P . 2003: «warfare», in a . erskin (ed .), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, oxford, 373-387 . BaMMer, a . 1985: «neue weibliche Statuetten aus dem artemision von ephesos», ÖJh 56, 39-58 . BaUChhenSS-thÜrieLd, C . 1971: Der Mythos νοn Telephos in der antiken Bildkunst, würzburg . BaUMer, L .e . 1997: Vorbilder und Vorlagen. Studien zu klassischen Frauenstatuen und ihrer Verwendung für Reliefs und Statuetten des 5. und 4. Jahrhunderts vor Christus (acta Bernensia 12), Bern . BaYnhaM, e .J . 1998: «The treatment of olympias in the Liber de Morte Alexandri Magni . a rhodian retirement», in w . will (ed .), Alexander der Grosse. Eine Welteroberung und ihr Hintergrund. Vorträge des internationalen Bonner Alexanderkolloquiums, 19.21.12.1996 (antiquitas reihe 1, abhandlungen zur alten geschichte 46), Bonn, 103-116 . ΒΕΛΕΝΗΣ, Γ . 1987: «Νεώτερες έρευνες στα ελληνιστικά σπίτια των Πετρών», ΑΕΜΘ Ι, Θεσσαλονίκη, 9-21 . — 1997: «Τεχνικές στο ανάκτορο της Βεργίνας», Μνήμη Μανόλη Ανδρόνικου (Μακεδονικά 6), Θεσσαλονίκη, 25-37 . BieBer, Μ . 1955: The Sculpture of the Hellenistic age, new York . BiLLowS, r . 2003: «Cities», in a . erskine (ed .), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, oxford, 196-224 . BLÜMeL, C . 1931: Römische Kopien griechischer Skulpturen des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Katalog der Sammlung antiker Skulpturen 4, Berlin . BLUndeLL, S . 1998: «Marriage and the Maiden: narratives on the Parthenon», in S . Blundell, M . williamson (eds), The Sacred and the Feminine in Ancient Greece, London - new York, 47-70 . BoardMan, J . 1973: Greek Art, London . — 1974: Athenian Black Figure Vases, new York . — 1985: Greek Sculpture: The Classical Period. A Handbook, London . — 2000: Persia and the West. An Archaeological investigation of the Genesis of Achaemenid Art, London . ΒΟΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Ι ., ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ, Α . ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ, Β ., ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΣ, Μ ., Σίνδος: Κατάλογος της Έκθεσης, Θεσσαλονίκη . Borda, Μ . 1958: La pittura Romana, Milan . BÖrKer-KLÄhn, J . 2003: «tumulus d von Bayindir bei elmali als historischer Spiegel», in M . giorgieri, M . Salvini, M .-C . trémouile, P . vannicelli (eds), Licia e Lidia prima dell’ellenizzazione. Atti del Convegno internazionale, Roma, 11-12 Ottobre 1999 (Monografie Scientifiche . Serie Scienze Umane e Sociali), rome, 69-105 . BoSworth, a . B 1976: «errors in arrian», The Classical Quarterly, New Series 26 .1, 117-139 . — 1988: From Arrian to Alexander, oxford - new York . — 1988a: Conquest and Empire. The Reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge . BraÜning, a ., KiLian-dirLMeYer i . 2013: Die eisenzeitlichen Grabhügel von Vergina. Die Ausgrabungen von Photis Petsas 1960-1961, Mainz . BringMann, K . 2007: «gymnasion und griechische Bildung im nahen osten», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 323-334 . BULLe, h . 1906: “der Leichenwagen alexanders,” Jdl 21, 52-73 . BUrKert, w . 1977: Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche, Stuttgart . 229 — 1994: «orpheus, dionysos und die euneiden in athen: das Zeugnis von euripides ‘hypsipyle,», in a . Bierl, P . von Möllendorf (eds), Orchestra: Drama, Mythos, Bühne, Stuttgart, Leipzig . BraÜning, a ., KiLian-dirLMeYer i . 2013: Die eisenzeitlichen Grabhügel von Vergina. Die Ausgrabungen von Photis Petsas 1960-1961, Mainz . CaLLot, o . 1991: «La forteresse hellénistique de Failaka», in Golf - Archäologie, 121-132 . CaLLot, o ., CaChet-BiZoLLon, J ., SaLLeS, J .F . 2005: ikaros, de la conquête d’Alexandre au ier siècle avant J.-C. in L’île de Failaka. Archéologie du Koweït, Lyon . CaMP, J . 2003: The Athenian Agora, athens . Caneva, S . 2012: «Queens and ruler Cults in early hellenism: observations on Festivals and on the administration and ideological Meaning of Cults», Kernos 25, 75-102 . CarneY, e . 2006: Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great, new York and London . CaUBet, a ., SaLLeS, J .F . 1984: «Le sanctuaire hellénistique (B6)», in J .F . Salles, (ed .), Failaka. Fouilles Françaises 1983, Lyon-Paris, 73-156 . ChaniotiS, a . 2003: «The divinity of hellenistic rulers», in a . erskine (ed .), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, oxford, 431-445 . — 2011: «The ithyphallic hymn for demetrios Poliorketes and hellenistic religious Mentality», in P .P . iossif, a .S . Chankowski, C .C . Lorber (eds), More than Men, Less than Gods. Studies on Royal Cult and imperial Worship. Proceedings of the international Colloquium organized by the Belgian School at Athens (November 1-2, 2007) (Studia hellenistica 51), Leuven, 157-195 . CharBonneaUx, J ., Martin, r ., viLLard, F . 1971: Das hellenistische Griechenland, Munich . ChrYSoStoMoU, P . 2011: «Ο αρχαίος οικισμός του Αρχοντικού», in The archaeological museum of Pella (The cycle of Museums, John S . Latsis Public Benefit Foundation), athens, 299-389 . ChrYSoStoMoU, a ., ChrYSoStoMoU, P . 2012: «The “gold-wearing” archaic Macedonians from the western cemetery of archontiko, Pella», in M . tiverios, P . nigdelis, P . adam-veleni (eds), Threpteria. Studies on ancient Macedonia, Thessaloniki, 490-518 . CLarK, i . 1998: «The gamos of hera: Myth and ritual», in S . Blundell (ed .), The Sacred and Feminine in Ancient Athens, routledge, new York, 13-26 . Cohen, g . M . 2006: The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa, Berkeley and Los angeles . CoLe, S .g . 1980: «new evidence for the Mysteries of dionysos», GRBS 21, 223-38 . ConneLLY, J .B . 2007: Portrait of a Priestess. Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, Princeton . CriStoFani, M . et al. 1981: Materiali per servire alla storia del vaso François (Bolletino d’arte 62 [1977], Serie speciale 1), rome . CUrtiUS, L . 1929: Die Wandmalerei Pompejis, Leipzig . de CaLLaYaŸ, F . 2009: «The First royal Coinages of Pontos (from Mithridates iii to Mithridates v)», in J . Munk højte (ed .), Mithridates Vi and the Pontic Kingdom (Black Sea Studies 9), aarhus, 63-94 . ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ, Α . 1998: «Χρυσά επιστόμια», στο Μ . Λιλιμπάκη-Ακαμάτη, Κ . Τσακάλου-Τζαναβάρη (επιμ .), Μνείας Χάριν. Τόμος στη μνήμη της Μαίρης Σιγανίδου, Θεσσαλονίκη, 65-80 . deSPini, a . 2009: «gold funerary masks», AntK 52, 20-62 . ΔΗΜΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, i .e . 2005: Scripta Minora, Έρευνες στην αρχιτεκτονική και έργα για τη συντήρηση των μνημείων, Αθήνα . — 2009: O Πλάτων, ο Φίλιππος Β΄ και ο θάλαμος των μακεδονικών τάφων, Αθήνα . diePoLder, Η . 1926: «Untersuchungen aur Komposition der römish-campanischen wandgemälde», RM 41, rome, 1-78 . diLLon, M .P . 2002: Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion, new York and London . diLLon, S . 2007: «Portraits of women in the early hellenistic Period», in P . Schultz, r . von den hoff (eds), Early Hellenistic Portraiture. image, Style, Context, Cambridge, 63-83 . — 2010: The Female Portrait Statue in the Greek World, Cambridge . dÖrtLÜK, K . 1988: «elmalı Bayındır tümülüslerı Kurtarma Kazısı», Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 10 .1, 171-174 . dreYer, B . 2007: «die neoi im hellenistischen gymnasion», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 211-236 . ΔΡΟΥΓΟΥ, Σ . 1987: «Νέος μακεδονικός τάφος με ιωνική πρόσοψη στη Βεργίνα», ΑΕΜΘ 1, Θεσσαλονίκη, 89-100 . — 1989: «Το αρχαίο θέατρο της Βεργίνας και ο περιβάλλων χώρος του», ΑΕΜΘ 3, Θεσσαλονίκη, 13-20 . — 1990: «Βεργίνα: ιερό Μητέρας των Θεών - Κυβέλης», ΑΕΜΘ 4, Θεσσαλονίκη, 5-20 . — 2005: Βεργίνα. Τα πήλινα αγγεία της Μεγάλης Τούμπας, Αθήνα . droUgoU, S . 2011: «vergina - The ancient City of aegae», in r .J . Lane Fox (ed .), Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon. Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC-300 AD, Leiden - Boston, 243-256 . — 2015: «The bronze calyx-krater from the “heuzey B” tomb at vergina (ancient aigai)», Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 19, 139-168 . — 2016: «vergina-agai: The Macedonian tomb with ionic Façade . observation on the Form and Function of Macedonian tombs», in d . Katsonopoulou, e . Partida (eds), «Φιλέλλην» Essays presented to S.G.Miller, athens, 335-349 . eriCKSon, K .g . 2009: The Early Seleucids, Their Gods and Their Coins, i-ii (Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of exeter), exeter . errington, r .M . 1970: “From Babylon to triparadeisos: 323-320 B .C .,” JHS 90, 49-77 . — 1986: Geschichte Makedoniens, Munich . ΖΑΜΠΑΣ, Κ . 1999: «Αποκατάσταση αναλημματικού τοίχου στο προαύλιο του τάφου του Φιλίππου Β΄», ΑΕΜΘ 13, Θεσσαλονίκη, 553-563 . FaKLariS, P . 1994: «aegae: determining the site of the first capital of the Macedonians», AJA 98, 609-616 . FarneLL, L .r . 1921: Greek Hero Cults and ideas of immortality, oxford . Fendt, a . 2012: Archäologie und Restaurierung. Die Skulpturenergänzungen in der Berliner Antikensammlung des 19. Jahrhunderts i-iii (transformationen der antike 22), Berlin-Boston . FiLoniK, J . 2013: Athenian impiety Trials: A Reappraisal, Katowice, Śląskie, Poland . FLenSted-JenSen, P . 1995: «The Bottiaians and their poleis», in M .h . hansen, K .a . raaflaub (eds), Studies in the ancient Greek polis, 103-132 . FredriCKSMeYer, e .a . 1979: «divine honors for Philip ii», TAPhA 109, 39-61 . — 2003: «alexander’s religion and divinity», in J . roisman (ed .), Brill’s Companion to Alexander the Great, Leiden - Boston, 253-278 . FrriedMan, F .d . 1998: «gifts of the nile: ancient egyptian Faience», Minerva 9 .3 (May/June), 8-17 . FUChS, w . 1969: Die Skulptur der Griechen, Munich . FUrLinSKa, a . 2010: «iconography of the Ptolemaic Queens on Coins: greek Style egyptian ideas?», Studies in ancient Art and Civilization, 14, 73-92 . FUrtwÄngLer, a ., reiChhoLd, K . 1904-1932: Griechische Vasenmalerei, Munich . gaBrieL, Μ .Β . 1952: Masters of Campanian Painting, new York . gaChet, J ., SaLLeS, J .F . 1986: «Chantier F5: rapport préliminaire, 1985», in Y . Calve, J .F . Salles (eds), Failaka. Fouilles Françaises 1984 - 1985, Lyon-Paris, 297-333 . gΑrLand, r . 1985: The Greek Way of Death, ithaka, new York . gehrKe, h . J . 2007: “eine Bilanz: die entwicklung des gymnasions zur institution der Sozialisierung in der Polis” in d . Kah, P . Scholz (ed .) Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 413-420 . gerhard, e ., KLÜgMan, a ., KÖrte, C . 1840-1897: Etruskische Spiegel, Berlin . GETTY HANDBOOK: The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Antiquities Collection, getty Publications, Los angeles 2002 . goFF, B . 2004: Citizen Bacchae: Women’s Ritual Practice in Ancient Greece, Barclay . green, P . 1990 . Alexander to Actium: the Hellenistic Age, Berkeley . groß-aLBenhaUSen, K . 2007: «Bedeutung und Funktion der gymnasien für die hellenisierung des ostens», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (ed .), das hellenistische gymnasion, Berlin, 313-322 grUen, e . S . 2006: «greeks and non-greeks», in g .r . Bugh (ed .), The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World, new York, 295-314 . haBiCht, Ch . 1970: Gottmenschentum und griechische Städte, München . haddad, n . 1985: Θύρες και παράθυρα στην ελληνιστική και ρωμαϊκή αρχιτεκτονική του ελλαδικού χώρου (Unpublished Phd Thesis, aristoteles University of Thessaloniki), Θεσσαλονίκη . haFner, g . 1969: «der adlerkameo und die „auffindung des telephos», Aachener Kunstblätter 38, 213-242 . haMMan, r . 1952: hamann, «heracles findet telephos», AbhBerlin 9 . haMMond, n .g .L . 1972: Α History of Macedonia. Historical Geography and Prehistory, i, oxford . — 1982: Philip ii, Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Heritage, washington . — 1998: «alexandr’s newly founded cities», Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 39, 3, 243-269 . haMMond, n .g .L ., griFFith, g .t . 1979: A History of Macedonia ii . 550-336 B.C., oxford . hanneStad, L . 1983: ikaros. The Hellenistic settlements. The pottery, 2 vol., aarhus . harriSon, J . 1922: Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, Cambridge . 230 hatZoPoULoS, M .B . 1987: «Strepsa: a reconsideration or new evidence on the road system of Lower Macedonia», in M .B . hatzopoulos, L .d . Loukopoulou (eds), Two Studies in Ancient Macedonian Topography (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 3), athens, 21-60 . — 1994: Cultes et rites des passage en Macedoine, athens . — 1996a: Macedonian institutions under the Kings. i-ii. A Historical and Epigraphic Study (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 22), athens-Paris . — 1996b: «aigéai: la localisation de la première capitale macédonienne», REG 109, 264-269 . — 2003: «herodotos (viii .137-138), the Manumissions from Leukopetra and the topography of the Middle haliakmon valley», in r . Parker (ed .), Herodotus and his World, oxford, 203-18 . — 2007: «La formation militaire dans les gymnases hellénistiques», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 91-96 . — 2008: «The Burial of the dead (at vergina) or the Unending Controversy on the identity of the occupants of tomb ii», in Tekmeria 9, 91-118 . — 2011: «Macedonians and other greeks», in r .J . Lane Fox (ed .), Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon. Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC300 AD, Leiden-Boston, 51-78 . hatZoPoULoS, M .B ., LoUKoPoULoU L .d . 1992: Recherches sur les marches orientales des Téménides, i (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 11), Αthens 1992, 15-31 . hatZoPoULoS, M .B ., PaSChidiS, P . 2004: «Makedonia», in M . hansen, t .h . nielsen (ed .), An inventory of archaic and classical poleis, oxford, 794-809 . heerMann, v . 1986: Studien zur makedonischen Palastarchitektur (Phd Thesis, University of erlangen-nuerberg), nuernerg . heiLMeYer, w .-d ., hereS, h ., MaSSMann, w . 2004: Schinkels Pantheon. Die Statuen der Rotunde im Alten Museum, Mainz . heinLeS, M ., 2008: «Stadtbilder im hellenismus— wahrnehmung urbaner Struktur in hellenistischer Zeit», in a . Matthaei, M . Zimmermann, Stadtbilder im Hellenismus. Die hellenistische Polis als Lebensform, Bd . 1, Berlin, 41-69 . heLLer, a . 2009: La cité grecque d’époque impériale : vers une société d’ordres ?, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 64e année (2), 341-373 . herrMann-BrUCKMann, P . 1904: Denkmäler der Malerei des Altertums, Munich . heUZeY, L ., daUMet, h . 1876: Mission archeologique de Macedoine, Paris . hoePFner, w .: «Zum typus der Basileia und der koeniglichen andrones», in w . hoepfner, g . Brands (eds), Basileia. Die Palaeste der Hellenistischen Koenige, Mainz, 1-43 . hoover, Ο .d . 2009: Handbook of Syrian Coins. Royal and Civic issues, Fourth to First centuries BC (The handbook of greek Coinage Series 9), Lancaster-London . hoUghton, Α . 1988: «The double Portrait Coins of alexander i Balas and Cleopatra Thea» SNR 67, 85-93 . hoUghton, a ., LorBer, C . 2002: Seleucid Coins. A Comprehensive Catalogue . Part i . Seleucus i through Antiochus iii, vol . i-ii, new York . hoUghton, a ., LorBer, C ., hoover, o . 2008: Seleucid Coins. A Comprehensive Catalogue, Part ii, Seleucus iV through Antiochus Xiii, vol . i-ii, new York . hoUrani, g .F . 1995: Arab Seafaring: in the indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Princeton University Press, new Jersey . ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ, Δ . 2004: Μακεδονική υαλουργία του 4ου αι. π.Χ. Το άγχρωμο γυαλί (Unpublished Phd Thesis, aristoteles University of Thessaloniki), Θεσσαλονίκη . — 2012: «Η ιέρεια της Σίνδου», στο Ν .Χ . Σταμπολίδης, Μ . Γιαννοπούλου (επιμ .), «Πριγκίπισσες» της Μεσογείου στην αυγή της Ιστορίας, Αθήνα, 388-411 . ioSSiF P .P ., LorBer, C .C . 2011: «More than Men, less than gods: Concluding Thoughts and new Perspectives», in P .P . iossif, a .S . Chankowski, C .C . Lorber (eds), More than Men, Less than Gods. Studies on Royal Cult and imperial Worship. Proceedings of the international Colloquium organized by the Belgian School at Athens (November 1-2, 2007) (Studia hellenistica 51), Leuven, 691-710 . iŞiK, F . 2000: Die Statuetten vom Tumulus D bei Elmali. ionisierung der neuhethitisch-phrygischen Bildformen in Anatolien (Lykia anadolu akdeniz Kültürleri 5), antalya . JaCoBSthaL, P . 1956: Greek Pins and their Connections with Europe and Asia, oxford . JenKinS, g .K . 1989: A Catalogue of the Calouste Gulbenkian Collection of Greek Coins. Part ii, Greece to East, Lisbon . JePPeSen, K . 1989: ikaros, The Hellenistic settlements, Vol. 3, The Sacred Enclosure in the Early Hellenistic Period, aarhus . Kah, d . 2007: «Militärische ausbildung im hellenistischen gymnasion», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), das hellenistische gymnasion, Berlin, 47-90 . ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ, Ν . 2002: Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο. Τα γλυπτά, Αθήνα . KarageorghiS, v . 1969: Salamis in Cyprus: Homeric, Hellenistic and Roman, London . — 1973-1974: Excavations in the Necropolis of Salamis iii 1-3, Salamis V (1973/74), nicosia . ΚΑΡΑΜΗΤΡΟΥ-ΜΕΝΤΕΣΙΔΗ, Γ . 1988: «Η νεκρόπολη της Αιανής Κοζάνης», ΑΕΜΘ 2, Θεσσαλονίκη, 19‐25 . — 1989: «Από την ανασκαφική έρευνα στην Αιανή» ΑΕΜΘ 3, Θεσσαλονίκη, 45‐57 . — 1996a: Αιανή . — 1996b: «Αιανή 1983‐1997», ΑΕΜΘ 10Α, Θεσσαλονίκη, 23‐40 . — 2001: «Αιανή: αγάλματα των αρχαϊκών χρόνων», στο Δ . ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗΣ, Ε . ΒΟΥΤΥΡΑΣ (επιμ .), Άγαλμα: Μελέτες για την αρχαία πλαστική προς τιμήν του Γ. Δεσπίνη, Θεσσαλονίκη, 59‐65 . ΚΕΡΑΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Α .Δ . 1953: «Περί των τάφων της Τρεμπένιστας και περί τα των Λιχνιδών λαών», Μακεδονικά 2 (1941-52), Θεσσαλονίκη, 488-555 . ΚΕΦΑΛΙΔΟΥ, Ε . 2009: Ασώματα. Ένα αρχαϊκό νεκροταφείο στην Ημαθία, Θεσσαλονίκη . Kitov, g . 2005: «excavations at the Svetitsa tumulus, near Shipka», АРХЕОЛОГИЯ 44, 137-146 . KneLL, Η . 2000: Athen im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr., eine Stadt verändert ihr Gesicht. Archäologisch- kulturgeschichtliche Betrachtungen, darmstadt . KoBeS, J . 2007: «teilnahmeklauseln beim Zugang zum gymnasion», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 237-246 . KonneLLY, J . B . 1989: «votive offerings of hellenistic Failaka: evidence for herakles Cult», in L’Arabie Préislamique et son Environnement Historique et Culturel, Université des Sciences Humaine de Strasbourg, Leiden, 145-158 . ΚΟΝΤΟΓΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ, Ε . 2007: «Σωστική ανασκαφή στην αρχαϊκή νεκρόπολη των Αιγών 2007», ΑΕΜΘ 21, Θεσσαλονίκη,143-148 . ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ, Α . 1987: «Ανασκαφή στο ΒΔ τμήμα της πόλης των Αιγών», ΑΕΜΘ 1, Θεσσαλονίκη, 109-119 . από κάτω: — 1987a: «Σκέψεις με αφορμή την ανεύρεση του Τήλεφου» in Μ . ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΣ, Σ . ΔΡΟΥΓΟΥ, Χ . ΣΑΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ-ΠΑΛΙΑΔΕΛΗ (eds), Αμητός. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο i, Θεσσαλονίκη, 439-453 . translated here . — 1989: «Βεργίνα 1989 . Ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο στα ΒΔ της αρχαίας πόλης», ΑΕΜΘ 3, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1-12 . — 1990: «Βεργίνα 1990 . Ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο και στο βορειοδυτικό τμήμα της αρχαίας πόλης», ΑΕΜΘ 4, Θεσσαλονίκη, 35-44 . — 1991: «Βεργίνα 1991 . Τοπογραφικές έρευνες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή και ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο των Αιγών», ΑΕΜΘ 4, Θεσσαλονίκη, 23-30 . —1991: Kirke und Medeia. Die Zauberinner der Griechen und die Venvandlung des Mythos, Κöln . — 1992: «Βεργίνα 1992», ΑΕΜΘ 6, Θεσσαλονίκη, 67-72 . — 1993a: «Ανασκαφή Βεργίνας», ΑΕΜΘ 7, Θεσσαλονίκη, 77-82 . — 1993b: «Σωστικές ανασκαφές της ΙΖ΄ Εφορείας Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων στη Βεργίνα», ΑΕΜΘ 7, Θεσσαλονίκη, 83-88 . — 1994: Α . Kottaridi in S . drougou, Ch . SaatsoglouPaliadeli, P .Faklaris, a .Kottaridi, e . tsigarida, Vergina. The Great Tumulus . archaeological guide, Thessaloniki . — 1995: Alessandro Magno, Storia e Mito, rome . — 1996: «Βεργίνα 1997», ΑΕΜΘ ΙoΑ, Θεσσαλονίκη, 7992 . — 1997: «Το αρχαιολογικό έργο της ΙΖ΄ ΕΠΚΑ στη Βεργίνα . Το ιστορικό της έκθεσης των βασιλικών τάφων», ΑΕΜΘ 11, Θεσσαλονίκη, 129-138 . — 1998: «Το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Βεργίνα το 1998 . Νέα ευρήματα από τη νεκρόπολη των Αιγών», ΑΕΜΘ 12, Θεσσαλονίκη, 405-412 . — 1999a: «Βασιλικές πυρές στη νεκρόπολη των Αιγών», στο Αρχαία Μακεδονία vi, Θεσσαλονίκη», 631-642 . translated here: royal funerary pyres in the necropolis in aigai . — 1999b: «Macedonian Burial Customs and the Funeral of alexander the great», in alexander the great: From Macedonia to the oikoumene . international Congress Veroia 27-31/5/1998, veroia, 113-120 . — 2000a: «Από τη Νεκρόπολη των Αιγών στο νεολιθικό οικισμό των Πιερίων», ΑΕΜΘ 14, Θεσσαλονίκη, 527-536 . — 2000b: «Η χρήση του χρώματος στον τάφο της Ευρυδίκης», Proceedings of the Symposium on Colour in Antiquity, Θεσσαλονίκη . — 2001a: «Το έθιμο της καύσης και οι Μακεδόνες . Σκέψεις με αφορμή τα ευρήματα της νεκρόπολης των Αιγών», στο Ν . Σταμπολίδης (επιμ .), Καύσεις στην Εποχή του Χαλκού και την Πρώιμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου. Πρακτικά Συμποσίου, Ρόδος 29 Απριλίου-2 Μαΐου 1999, Αθήνα, 359-371 . translated here: The Custom of Cremation and the Macedonians . Thoughts on the Finds from the necropolis of aigai . — 2001b: «Τζαμάλα 1999/2000», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 501-508 . translated here: excavation at vermion . tzamala 1999/2000 . — 2001c: «Σωστικές ανασκαφές της ΙΖ΄ ΕΠΚΑ στη νεκρόπολη και στην ευρύτερη περιοχή των Αιγών το 2000», 231 ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 509-512 . — 2001-2004: «Βεργίνα . Νεκρόπολη των Αιγών», ΑΔ 5659, Β΄ 3β Χρονικά, Αθήνα, 371-372 . — 2002: «discovering aegae, the old Macedonian Capital», in M . Stamatopoulou, M . Yeroulanou (eds), Excavating Classical Culture. Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Greece, oxford, 75-81 . — 2002a: «Η ανασκαφή στη νεκρόπολη των Αιγών το 2001», ΑΕΜΘ 16, Θεσσαλονίκη, 497-500 . — 2002b: «Η ανασκαφή στη Τζαμάλα Βερμίου . Μεγάλα έργα και αρχαιότητες», ΑΕΜΘ 16, Θεσσαλονίκη, 501508 . translated here: excavation at tzamala, vermion in 2001 . Major projects and antiquities . — 2003: The Museum of the Royal Graves of Aiges. Seeking the lost memory . — 2004: «The Lady of aigai», in Alexander the Great, Treasures from an epic Era of Hellenism, 139-148 . — 2004a: «Η ανασκαφή της ΙΖ΄ ΕΠΚΑ στην πόλη και στη νεκρόπολη των Αιγών το 2003-2004: νέα στοιχεία για τη βασιλική ταφική συστάδα της Ευρυδίκης και το τείχος της αρχαίας πόλης», ΑΕΜΘ 18, 2004, Θεσσαλονίκη, 527-542 . translated here: excavations of the 17th ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical antiquities in the city and necropolis of aigai in 2003-2204: new evidence for the royal burial cluster of eurydike and the citywall . — 2004b: «Αιγαί, η πρώτη πόλη των Μακεδόνων», στο Γνωριμία με την γη του Μεγαλέξανδρου. Η περίπτωση του νομού Ημαθίας (Ιστορία-Αρχαιολογία), Πρακτικά Επιστημονικής Διημερίδας 7-8 Ιουνίου 2003, Θεσσαλονίκη, 81-102 . — 2004c: «Οι ανασκαφικές έρευνες της ΙΖ΄ ΕΠΚΑ στην ορεινή Μακεδονίδα και η ταύτιση της αρχαίας Λεβαίης», ΑΕΜΘ 18, Θεσσαλονίκη, 543-550 . translated here: excavations of the 17th ephorate in the mountains of Macedonia and the identification of ancient Levaia . — 2006a . «Η έρευνα στις Αιγές, μία πόλη κατά κώμας», AEMΘ 20, Θεσσαλονίκη, 773-780 . translated here: research at aigai, a polis kata komas . — 2006b: «Couleur et signification: l’usage de la couleur dans la tombe de la reine eyrydice», in a .M . guimierSorbets, M .B . hatzopoulos, Y . Morizot (eds), Rois, cités, nécropoles. institutions, rites et monuments en Macédoine. Actes des colloques de Nanterre (décembre 2002) et d’Athènes (janvier 2004) (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 45), athens, 155-168 . — 2007: «L’épiphanie des dieux des enfers dans la nécropole royale d’aigai», in S . descamps-Lequime (ed .), Peinture et couleur dans le monde grec antique, Milan - Paris, 27-45 . — 2008: Excavation at Failaka, report . — 2009: Excavation at Failaka, report . — 2009a: «Η νεκρόπολη των Αιγών στα αρχαϊκά χρόνια και οι βασιλικές ταφικές συστάδες», στο Π . Αδάμ-Βελένη, Κ . Τζαναβάρη (επιμ .), 20 Χρόνια Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και στη Θράκη. Επετειακός Τόμος, Θεσσαλονίκη, 143-153 . translated here: The necropolis of aigai in the archaic period and the royal burial clusters . — 2009b: Το ανάκτορο των Αιγών . 2007-2009, η αρχή ενός μεγάλου έργου, Θεσσαλονίκη . — 2009c: «architecture and Politics in the Kingdom of the Seleucids: new evidence from ikaros-Failaka», Presented in internationaL UneSCo SYMPoSiUM: «intercultural encounters in the hellenized orient» / FirSt daY: 28 SePteMBer 2009: «From confronta- tion of civilizations to multipolar unity of the hellenistic orient», Paris, published here . — 2009d: ‘Η ορεινή Ημαθία στην Πρώιμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου (11ος – 7ος αι . π .Χ .)’ ΚΕΡΜΑΤΙΑ ΦΙΛΙΑΣ – Τιμητικός τόμος για τον Ιωάννη Τουράτσογλου, Αθήνα, 215-225 . translated here: Upland imathia in the early iron age (11th – 7th century BC) . — 2010: Μακεδονικοί Θησαυροί. Μια περιήγηση στο μουσείο των Βασιλικών Τάφων των Αιγών, Αθήνα . — 2011a: «The legend of Macedon: a hellenic kingdom in the age of democracy», in a . Kottaridi, S . walker (eds), Heracles to Alexander the Great, Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy, oxford, 1-24 . — 2011b: «Queens, Princesses and high Priestesses: The role of women at the Macedonian court», in a . Kottaridi, S . walker (eds), Heracles to Alexander the Great, Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy, oxford, 93-126 . — 2011c: «Burial customs and beliefs in the royal necropolis of aegae», in a . Kottaridi, S . walker (eds), Heracles to Alexander the Great, Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy, oxford, 131-152 . — 2011d: «aegae: the Macedonian metropolis», in a . Kottaridi, S . walker (eds), Heracles to Alexander the Great, Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy, oxford, 153-166 . — 2011e: «The royal banquet: a capital institution», in a . Kottaridi, S . walker (eds), Heracles to Alexander the Great, Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy, oxford, 167-180 . — 2011f: «The Palace of aegae», in r .L . Fox (ed .), A Companion to Macedonia, oxford, 297-334 . — 2011g: Macedonian Treasures. A tour Through the Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai, athens 2011 . — 2012a: «The Lady of aigai, tomb aZ vii (early iron age)», Princesses of the Mediterranean in the Dawn of History (n .Ch . Stambolides, M . giannopoulou, eds), Cycladic art Museum, athens 2012, 70-81 . — 2012b: «The Lady of aigai», in n . Ch . Stambolides, M . giannopoulou (eds), Princesses of the Mediterranean in the Dawn of History, Cycladic art Museum, athens 2012, 412-433 . — 2013: Aigai, the Royal Metropolis of the Macedonians (The cycle of Museums, John S . Latsis Public Benefit Foundation), athens . — 2014a: «Νέοι βασιλικοί τάφοι στις Αιγές», ΑΕΜΘ 27 . translated here: The royal necropolis of aigai: Five new royal tombs and the Solution to an old Problem . — 2014b: «The Macedonians and the Bottiaians», in M . andreadaki- vlazaki, M . Balaska, a . (ed .), The Greeks. Agamemnon to Alexander the Great, athens, 208-235 . — 2015a: «Η ανατομία ενός τύμβου», in ΑΕΜΘ 28 . translated here: The ‘anatomy’ of a tumulus . — 2015b . Η Νεκρόπολη των Αιγών από την πρώιμη εποχή του σιδήρου στα αυτοκρατορικά χρόνια . Μια συνολική θεώρηση, Θεσσαλονίκη 2015 . — 2016a . «Η νεκρόπολη των Αιγών», AEMΘ 29 (forthcoming) . translated here: The royal necropolis of aigai: a walk through the Centuries . — 2016b: «Παλιές προκαταλήψεις και νέα ευρήματα: “Μακεδόνες ή Βοττιαίοι”;», στο Μ . Γιαννοπούλου, Χ . Καλλίνη (επιμ .), Ἠχάδιν. Tιμητικός τόμος για τη Στέλλα Δρούγου, i, Αθήνα, 612-639 . translated here: old Preconceptions and new Finds: «Macedonians or Bottiaians»? — 2016c: «Φιλοσοφία και Αρχιτεκτονική», in Απόστολος Παύλος και Φιλόσοφοι, Δύο χιλιάδες τετρακόσια έτη από τη γέννηση του Αριστοτέλη, ΚΒ΄ Παύλεια, Πρακτικά Διεθνούς Επιστημονικού Συνεδρίου, Βέροια 2-4 Ιουνίου 2016, Βέροια 2016, 345-359 . translated here: Philosophy and architecture in the Palace of aigai . — 2017a: «Αιγές: Η πόλη, Το ανάκτορο», in a . Βλαχόπουλος, Δ . Τσιαφάκη (επιμ .), Αρχαιολογία Μακεδονία και Θράκη, Αθήνα, 192-200 . — 2017b: «Οι Μακεδόνες στην Δήλο», in Το Αρχαιολογικό έργο στις Κυκλάδες (in print) . ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ, Α ., ΒΑΚΟΥΛΗΣ, Θ . 1992: «Ανασκαφικές έρευνες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Βεργίνας - Πουρνάρι 1992», ΑΕΜΘ 6, Θεσσαλονίκη, 81-84 . ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ, Α . ΜΠΡΕΚΟΥΛΑΚΗ, Χ . 1997: «Αρχαιολογικές έρευνες στα ημαθιώτικα Πιέρια», ΑΕΜΘ 11, Θεσσαλονίκη, 109-114 . ΚΟΥΚΟΥΒΟΥ, Α . 2000: «Ανασκαφική έρευνα στον άξονα της Εγνατίας οδού: Ασώματα Βέροιας», ΑΕΜΘ 14, Θεσσαλονίκη, 563-574 . ΚΟΥΚΟΥΒΟΥ, Α . 2001: «Ανασκαφική έρευνα στον άξονα της Εγνατίας οδού: Ασώματα Βέροιας», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 575-587 . KUhrt, a ., Sherwin-white, S .M . 1987: Hellenism in the East: the interaction of Greek and non-Greek civilizations, Berkeley . KUrtZ, d ., BoardMan, J . 1985: Thanatos. Tod und Jenseits bei den Griechen, Mainz . ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΥ, Α . 2008: Η Στενόμακρη Τούμπα της Βεργίνας. Ταφικές πρακτικές στη Μακεδονία του 4ου αι. π.Χ., Θεσσαλονίκη . LaPatin, K .d .S . 2001: Chryselephantine Statuary in the Ancient Mediterranean World, oxford . LaUter, h . 1986: Die Architekture des Hellenismus, darmstadt . LawrenCe, a .w . 1957: Greek Architecture, London . Le rider, g . 1986: «L’enfant-roi antiochos et la reine Laodice», BCH 110, 409-417 . LintFert, a . 1976: Kunstzentren hellenistischer Zeit. Studien an weiblichen Gewandfiguren, wiesbaden . ΛΙΟΥΤΑΣ Α ., ΓΙΜΑΤΖΙΔΗΣ, Σ . 2012: «Αρχαϊκή κεραμική σε οικισμούς και νεκροταφεία της Μακεδονίας: η οικοσκευή των ζωντανών και των νεκρών στην αρχαία θέση της Πολίχνης Θεσσαλονίκης (Λεμπέτ)», στο Μ . Τιβέριος, Β . Μισαηλίδου-Δεσποτίδου, Ε . Μανακίδου, Α . Αρβανιτάκη (επιμ .), Η κεραμική της αρχαϊκής εποχής στο βόρειο Αιγαίο και την περιφέρεια του (700-480 π.χ.), Θεσσαλονίκη, 339-348 . LiPPoLd, g . 1951: Antike Gemäldekopien, (AbhMünchen 33), Munich . MaCUrdY, g .h . 1928: «Basilinna and Basilissa, the alleged title of the “Queen archon” in athens», AJP 49 .3, 276-282 . MaJUri, Α . 1964: Le pitture di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia nel Museo Nationale di Napoli, napoli . ΜΑΚΑΡΟΝΑΣ, Χ . 1953: «Χρονικά Αρχαιολογικά 19411952», Μακεδονικά 2, Θεσσαλονίκη, 628 . — 1963: «Αρχαιότητες και μνημεία της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας», ΑΔ 18, Β1 Χρονικά, Αθήνα, 193-196 . ManCheSter, Κ . 1994: A Ptolemaic Oinochoe of Berenike ii. The Queen’s Vase (re/Collections 3), new York: Merrin gallery . Mari, M . 2008: «The ruler Cult in Macedonia», Studi ellenistici 20, 219-268 . 232 — 2011a: «archaic and early Classical Macedonia», in r .J . Lane Fox (ed .), Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon. Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC-300 AD, Leiden-Boston, 79-92 . — 2011b: «traditional cults and beliefs», in r .J . Lane Fox (ed .) Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon, Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon 650 BC - 300 AD, Leiden-Boston, 453-465 . MartineZ-SÈve, L . 2009: «Les grecs en orient : portraits croisés», in P . rouillard (ed .), Portraits de migrants, Portraits de colons, i, Paris, de Boccard, 2009, 129-140 . MatZ, F . 1914: «Zum telephosbilde aus herculaneum», ΑΜ 39, athens, 65-71 . MeadowS, Α . 2001: «Sins of the Fathers: The inheritance of Cleopatra, Last Queen of egypt», in S . walker, P . higgs (eds), Cleopatra of Egypt. From History to Myth, London, 14-31 . MeiSChner, J . 2003: «die Skulpturen des hatay Museums von antakya», Jdi 118, 285-339 . MerKeLBaCh, r ., weSt, M .L . 1967: Fragmenta Hesiodea, oxford . ΜΕΡΟΥΣΗΣ, Ν ., ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ, Λ . 1999: «Κατοίκηση και φυσικό περιβάλλον στην προϊστορική Ημαθία . Συμπεράσματα και προοπτικές από την επιφανειακή έρευνα των ετών 1993-1996», στο Αρχαία Μακεδονία vi .2, Θεσσαλονίκη, 735-751 . MeULi, K . 1946: Griechische Opferbraeuche, in Phyllobolia, Festschrift for P. Von der Mühl, Bassel . MiLLer, M .C . 1989: «The ependytes in Classical athens», Hesperia 58, 313-329 . MiLLer, S . g . 1986: “alexander’s Funeral Cart”, Ancient Macedonia, ive international Symposium, institute for Balkan Studies, Thessalonique, p . 401-411 . ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ-ΔΕΣΠΟΤΙΔΟΥ, Β . «Ανασκαφή στη Νέα Φιλαδέλφεια το 1995», ΑΕΜΘ 9, Θεσσαλονίκη, 311‐320 . MØrKhoLM, o . 1991: Early Hellenistic Coinage. From the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 B.C.), P . grierson, U . westermark (eds), Cambridge . MortenSen, K . 1997: Olympias. Royal Wife and Mother at the Macedonian Court (Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Queensland), Queensland . MoSCh-KLingeLe, r ., Braut ohne Brautigam, Schwarzund rotfigurige Lutrophoren als Spiegel gesellschaftlicher Veranderungen in Athen, Mainz . ΜΟΥΣΤΑΚΑ, Α . 2000: «Πελοπόννησος και Μακεδονία . Παρατηρήσεις στα λεγόμενα κράνη ιλλυρικού τύπου», στο Π . Αδάμ-Βελένη (επιμ .), ΜΥΡΤΟΣ. Μνήμη Ιουλίας Βοκοτοπούλου, Θεσσαλονίκη, 393-410 . ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ, Μ . 1988: «Ανασκαφές στην Πύδνα» ΑΕΜΘ 2, Θεσσαλονίκη, 181‐193 . — 1989: «aνασκαφή στο βόρειο νεκροταφείο της Πύδνας», ΑΕΜΘ 3, Θεσσαλονίκη, 155‐163 . — 2007: «Νεκροταφεία του 5ου αι . π .Χ . στη Β . Πιερία», Αρχαία Μακεδονία VΙΙ, 645‐650 . ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ, Μ ., ΚΡΑΧΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Α . 1994: «Ανασκαφή στο βόρειο νεκροταφείο της Πύδνας 1994», ΑΕΜΘ 8, Θεσσαλονίκη, 147-150 . ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ, Μ ., ΠΑΠΑ, Μ . 1996: Πύδνα, Αθήνα . MÜLLer, K . F . 1905: Der Leichenwagen Alexanders des Großen, Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte 31, Leipzig . nieMeier, J .-P . 1985: Kopien und Nachahmungen im Hellenismus. Ein Beitrag zum Klassizismus des 2. und frühen 1. Jhs. v. Chr. (Klassische archäologie 20), Bonn . niLSen, i . (ed .) 2001: The Royal Palace institution in the first millennium BC, athens . ΞΕΝΙΔΟΥ-SChiLd, B . 1999: «Ήρα: Παρθένος, τελεία και χήρα», Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες 68, 14-19 . oaKLeY, J . h ., r . h . SinoS, The Wedding in Ancient Athens, Madison . ohLenMUtZ, Ε . 1940: Die Kulte und Heiligtϋmer der Götter in Pergamon, Berlin . oLBrYCht M . J ., 2011: «ethnicity of settlers in the colonies of alexander the great in iran and Central asia», in Bulettin of the international institute of Central Asian Studies 14, 22-35 . — 2014: «die alexandergründungen in den nordiranischen Ländern», in a . v . Podossinov (ed .), The Periphery of the classical World in ancient Geography and Cartografy, Leuven-Paris-walpole, 95-122 . oLivier, J ., LorBer, C ., 2013: «Three gold Coinages of Third-Century Ptolemaic egypt», RBN 159, 49-150 . ÖZgen, İ ., ÖZgen, e . (ed .), 1988: Antalya Museum, ankara . ÖZgen, İ ., ÖZgen, J . 1996: The Lydian Treasure: Heritage Recovered, instanbul . PaLagia, Ο . 2000: «hephaistion’s Pyre and the royal hunt of alexander», in a .B . Bosworth, e .J . Baymann (eds), Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction, oxford, 167-206 . PanterMaLiS, d . 1976: «Beobachtungen zur Fassadenarchitektur und aussichtsveranda in hellenistischen Makedonien», in Hellenismus in Mittelitalien, göttingen, 387-395 . ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗΣ, Δ . 1987: «Η κεράμωση του ανακτόρου της Βεργίνας», στο Μ . Τιβέριος, Σ . Δρούγου, Χ . Σαατσόγλου-Παλιαδέλη (επιμ .), Αμητός. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο ii, Θεσσαλονίκη, 579-614 . Panti, a . 2012: «Burial customs in the Thermaic gulf and Chalkidice in the archaic period», in M . tiverios, P . nigdelis, P . adam-veleni (eds), Threpteria. Studies on ancient Macedonia, Thessaloniki, 465-490 . ΠΑΠΑΕΥΘΥΜΙΟΥ-ΠΑΠΑΝΘΙΜΟΥ Α ., ΠΙΛΑΛΗ-ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΟΥ, Α . 1994: «Ανασκαφή Αρχοντικού 1994», ΑΕΜΘ 8, Θεσσαλονίκη, 83-90 . — 1995: «Ανασκαφή Αρχοντικού 1995», ΑΕΜΘ 9, Θεσσαλονίκη, 137-142 . — 1996: «Οι προϊστορικοί οικισμοί στο Μάνδαλο και στο Αρχοντικό Πέλλας», ΑΕΜΘ 10Α, Θεσσαλονίκη, 143158 . ΠΑΠΑΝΘΙΜΟΥ Α ., ΠΙΛΑΛΗ, Α ., ΓΙΑΓΚΟΥΔΗΣ, Γ ., ΜΠΑΣΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ, Δ ., ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Ε ., ΤΣΑΓΚΑΡΑΚΗ, Ε ., ΦΑΠΠΑΣ, Ι . 2001: «Οικήματα και “Νοικοκυριά” της Πρώιμης Εποχής του Χαλκού στο Αρχοντικό Γιαννιτσών», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 461-470 . ParKer, r . 1983: Miasma. Pollution and Purification in early Greek Religion, oxford . PaZ, Y . 2012: «re-Scripturizing traditions: designating dependence in rabbinic halakhic Midrashim and homeric Scholarship», in M .r . niehof (ed .), Homer and the Bible in the Eyes of Ancient interpreters, Leiden-Boston 269-298 . ΠΕΤΣΑΣ, Φ . 1961-1962: «Ανασκαφή αρχαίου νεκροταφείου Βεργίνης», ΑΔ 17, Α΄ Μελέτες, 218-288 . — 1963: «Ανασκαφή αρχαίου νεκροταφείου Βεργίνης», ΑΔ 18, Β΄ 2 Χρονικά, Αθήνα, 217-232 . PetSaS, Ph ., hatZoPoULoS, M ., goUnaroPoULoU, L ., PaSChidiS, P . 2000 PiCÓn, C .a ., heMingwaY S .Α . (eds) 2016: Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World, The Metropolitan Museum of art, new York . PoLLit, J .J . 1990: The Art of Ancient Greece: Sources and Documents, Cambridge . PoPhaM, Μ .r ., CaLLigaS, P .g ., SaCKett, L .h ., CoULton, J ., CatLing, h ., 1992: «Lefkandi ii: The Protogeometric Building at toumba: Part 2, the excavation, architecture and Finds», BSA Suppl . 23, oxford . PUgLieSe - CarrateLLi, g . 1974: «Un sepolcro di hipponion eun nuovo testo orfico», La Parola del Passato 29, 108-26 . PUhL, e . 1923: MuZ ii . PFUhL, e . 1923: Malerei und Zeichnung der Griechen ii, Munich . raaB, Ι . 1972: Zu den Darstellungen des Parisurteils in der griechischen Kunst (archäologische Studien 1), Frankfurt . reBUFFat-eManUeL, d . 1973: Le miroir étrusque d’ après la collection du Cabinet des Médailles, rome . reda, S . 2014: interregnum. Queen Regency in the Seleucid Empire (diss .) University of waterloo, ontario . rhoMioPoULoU, K ., KiLian-dirLMeier, i . 1989: «neue Funde aus der eisenzeitlichen nekropole von vergina», Griechisch Makedonien . PZ 64, Berlin, 86151 . riChter, g .M .a . 1966: The Furniture of the Greeks Etruscans and Romans, London . riZZo, g .Ε . 1929: La pittura ellenistico-romana, Milan . roBert, C . 1884: «ercole ed auge sopra pitture pompeiane», Adl 56, rome, 75-87 . roBert, L . 1969: «Théophane de Mytilène à Constantinople», in Comptes rendus des séances de l’académie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 113e année, n . 1, 1 42-64 . roCCoS, L .J . 1995: «The Kanephoros and her Festival Mantle in greek art», AJA 99 (1995), 641-666 . rohde, e . 1898: Psyche. Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen, Cambridge . roLLer, L . e . 1999: in Search of God the Mother. The Cult of Anatolian Cybele, Berkeley . roSCher, v .1924: Lexicon . roUeChÉ, Ch ., Sherwin-white, S .M . 1985: “”, Chiron 15 . ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ, Κ .Α . 1951, Ο μακεδονικός τάφος της Βεργίνας, Θεσσαλονίκη . — 1951: Ο μακεδονικός τάφος της Βεργίνας, Αθήνα . ΡΩΜΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Κ . ΤΟΥΡΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ Ι . 2002: Μίεζα. Νεκροταφείο υστεροαρχαϊκών-πρώιμων ελληνιστικών χρόνων, Αθήνα . ΣΑΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ-ΠΑΛΙΑΔΕΛΗ, Χ . 1984: Τα επιτάφια μνημεία από τη Μεγάλη Τούμπα της Βεργίνα, Phd thesis, ΕΕΦΣΠΘ Παράρτημα 50, Θεσσαλονίκη . — 1987: «Ευριδίκα Σίρρα Ευκλεία», στο Μ . Τιβέριος, Σ . Δρούγου, Χ . Σαατσόγλου-Παλιαδέλη (επιμ .), Αμητός. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο ii, Θεσσαλονίκη, 733-744 . — 1990: «Βεργίνα 1990 . Ανασκαφή στο ιερό της Εύκλειας», ΑΕΜΘ 4, Θεσσαλονίκη, 21-34 . — 1993: «aspects of ancient Macedonian Costume», JHS 113, 122-147 . — 1999: «Βεργίνα 1938-1998: Ζητήματα ερμηνείας και χρονολόγησης», in alexander the great: From Macedonia to the oikoumene . international Congress Veroia 27-31/5/1998, veroia, 37-48 . — 2001: «The palace of vergina-aegae and its Surroundings», in i . nilsen (ed .), The Royal Palace institution in 233 the first millennium BC, athens, 201-213 . — 2004: Ο τάφος του Φιλίππου. Η τοιχογραφία με το κυνήγι, Αθήνα . ΣΑΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ-ΠΑΛΙΑΔΕΛΗ, Χ . ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΥ, Α ., ΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Ε ., ΤΟΥΡΤΑΣ, Α . 2009: «Πολύτιμα ταφικά σύνολα από την Αγορά των Αιγών: η αρχαιολογική εικόνα και η ιστορική ερμηνεία της», ΑΕΜΘ 23, 117-122, 124-130 . SaBetai, v . 2014: «The wedding vases of the athenians: a view from sanctuaries and houses», Metis n .s .12, 51-79 . SaLLeS, J .F . 1986: «Les Fouilles de tell Khazneh», in Y . Calvet, J . gachet (eds), Failaka. Fouilles Françaises 1984-1985, Lyon-Paris, 107-142 . — 1990: «Questioning the Bi-ware», in Y . Calvet, J . gachet (eds), Failaka. Fouilles Françaises 1986-1988, Lyon-Paris, 303-334 . SaLoMonSon, J .w . 1957: «telephos und die römischen Zwillinge», Oudheidkundige Medelingen N. R. 38, 15-44 . Şare, t . 2011: Dress and identity in the Arts of Western Anatolia: The Seventh through Fourth Centuries BCE (Unpublished Phd Thesis, rutgers, The State University of new Jersey) . ΣΒΟΡΩΝΟΣ, Ι . 1904: Τα νομίσματα του κράτους των Πτολεμαίων, Αθήνα . SCheFoLd, Κ . 1972: La peinture pompéienne (Latomus 108), Paris . SCherF, v . 1967: Flügelwesen in Römischkampanischen Wandbildern, hamburg . SChMidt, M . 1960: Der Dareios-Maler und sein Umkreis, Munster . SChoLZ, P . 2007: «elementarunterricht und intellektuelle Bildung im hellenistischen gvmnasion», in d . Kah, P . Scholz (eds), das hellenistische gymnasion, Berlin, 103-127 . SChULtZ, P . 2007: «Leochares’ argead Portraits in the Philippeion», in P . Schultz, r . von den hoff (eds), Early Hellenistic Portraiture. image, Style, Context, Cambridge, 205-233 . SChUoL, M . 2000: Die Charakene: ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit, Stuttgart . Sherwin-white, S .M ., KUhrt, a . 1993: From Samarkhand to Sardis, London . SiMon, Ε . 1961; «Zum Fies der Mysterienvilla bei Pompeji», Jdl 76, 111-172 . ΣΙΣΜΑΝΙΔΗΣ, Κ . 1987: «Τα αρχαϊκό νεκροταφείο της Αγίας Παρασκευής . Πρώτη παρουσίαση και πρώτες εκτιμήσεις», στο Μ . Τιβέριος, Σ . Δρούγου, Χ . Σαατσόγλου-Παλιαδέλη (επιμ .), Αμητός. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο ii, Θεσσαλονίκη, 787-811 . — 1997: Κλίνες και κλινοειδείς κατασκευές των μακεδονικών τάφων, Αθήνα . ΣΚΑΡΛΑΤΙΔΟΥ, Ε . 2009: «Το νεκροταφείο της Θέρμης (πρώην Σέδες) Θεσσαλονίκης . 20 χρόνια έρευνας», στο Π . Αδάμ-Βελένη, Κ . Τζαναβάρη (επιμ .), 20 Χρόνια Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και στη Θράκη. Επετειακός Τόμος, Θεσσαλονίκη, 329-343 . SMith, a . C . 2005: «The politics of weddings at athens: an iconographic assessment», Leeds international Classical Studies, 4 .1, 1-32 . SMith, a .h . 1900: British Mus. Cat. Sculpture . SMith, r .r .r . 1991: Hellenistic Sculpture: A Handbook, London . ΣΟΥΕΡΕΦ, Κ ., ΧΑΒΕΛΑ, Κ . 2002: «Σουρωτή 2002», ΑΕΜΘ 16, Θεσσαλονίκη, 267‐276 . — 2004: «Σουρωτή 2004: ανασκαφές στο αρχαίο νεκροταφείο», ΑΕΜΘ 18, Θεσσαλονίκη, 345‐356 . SParKS, Β ., taLCott, L . 1970: Black and plain pottery of the 6th, 5th and 4th centuries (The Athenian Agora xii), Princeton, new Jersey . ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ, Ν . 1996: Ελεύθερνα ΙΙΙ.3. Αντίποινα. Συμβολή στη μελέτη των ηθών και των εθίμων της γεωμετρικής περιόδου, Εκδόσεις Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης, Ρέθυμνο . — 2012a: «Οι “αριστοκράτισσες-ιέρειες” της Ελεύθερνας», στο Ν .Χ . Σταμπολίδης, Μ . Γιαννοπούλου (επιμ .), “Πριγκίπισσες” της Μεσογείου στην αυγή της Ιστορίας, Αθήνα, 174-188 . — 2012b: «Ελεύθερνα . Νεκρόπολη της Ορθής Πέτρας . Ταφές κτηρίου Μ», στο Ν .Χ . Σταμπολίδης, Μ . Γιαννοπούλου (επιμ .), «Πριγκίπισσες» της Μεσογείου στην αυγή της Ιστορίας, Αθήνα, 205-233 . ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ, Λ . 2000: «Ανασκαφή στον άξονα της Εγνατίας: δύο προϊστορικές εγκαταστάσεις στην περιοχή της Λευκόπετρας Ημαθίας», ΑΕΜΘ 14, Θεσσαλονίκη, 537-554 . — 2001: «Ανασκαφική έρευνα στον άξονα της Εγνατίας: η έρευνα στις περιοχές της Λευκόπετρας και της Μ . Σάντας», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 559-574 . — 2004a: «Συστάδα αρχαϊκών τάφων στη Βέροια και νέα στοιχεία για τις πρώιμες φάσεις κατοίκησης στην πόλη», ΑΕΜΘ 8, Θεσσαλονίκη, 485-494 . — 2004b: «Η τοπογραφία του νομού Ημαθίας», στο Γνωριμία με την γη του Μεγαλέξανδρου. Η περίπτωση του νομού Ημαθίας (Ιστορία-Αρχαιολογία), Πρακτικά Επιστημονικής Διημερίδας 7-8 Ιουνίου 2003, Θεσσαλονίκη . StengeL, P . 1920: Die griechischen Kultusalertümer, Munich . SUtton, r .F . 1997-1998: «The visual discourse of Marriage in Classical athens», The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, vol . 55/56 (1997/1998), 27-48 . tahBerer, B . 2012: «tyche - Τhe City goddess as a Political entity»: https://www .academia .edu/4551558/ tYChe__the_CitY_goddeSS_aS_a_PoLitiCaL_entitY_-_2012 . tarn, w . w . 1950: Alexander the Great. ii: Sources and Studies, Cambridge . thoMPSon, d .B . 1973: Ptolemaic Oinochoai and Portraits in Faience. Aspects of the Ruler Cult, oxford . thoMPSon, d .J . 2006: «The hellenistic Family», in g .r . Bugh (ed .), The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World, Cambridge, 93-112 . thoneMann, P . 2015: The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources, Cabridge . ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΣ, M . 1989: «Νησιώτικη κεραμική παραγωγή αρχαϊκών χρόνων», ΑΕΜΘ 3, Θεσσαλονίκη, 615-623 . tiverioS, M . 2008: «greek Colonisation of the northern aegean», in g .r . tsetskhladze (ed .), Greek Colonisation. An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas, ΙΙ (Mnemosyne Suppl . 193), Leiden-Boston . toPPerwein, e . 1976: Terrakotten νοn Pergamon, Berlin . trendaLL, a .d . 1989: Red Figure Vases of South italy and Sicily . A Handbook, London . trendaLL, a .d ., CaMBitogLoU, a . 1978: The Red-Figured Vases of Apulia, i, oxford . — 1983: «First supplement to The red-figured vases of apulia», Bulletin of the institute of Classical Studies, suppl ., 42, institute of Classical Studies, London . troxeLL, h .a . 1983: «arsinoe’s Νon-Εra», ANSMN 28, 35-70 . tUSa, v . 1983: La scultura in pietra di Selinunte, Palermo . van oPPen de rUiter, B .F . 2015: Berenice ii Euergetis. Essays in Early Hellenistic Queenship, new York . vierneiSeL-SChLÖrB, B . 1979: Glyptothek München. Katalog der Skulpturen ii . Klassische Skulpturen des 5. und 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr., Munich . von den hoFF, r . 2008: «hellenistische gymnasia: raumgestaltung und raumfunktionen», in a . Matthaei, M . Zimmermann, Stadtbilder im Hellenismus. Die hellenistische Polis als Lebensform, Bd . 1, Berlin, 245-275 . von heSBerg, h . 1989: «temporäre Bilder oder die grenzen der Kunst . Zur Legitimation frühhellenistischer Königsherrschaft im Fest», Jdi 104, 61-82 . — 2008: «hellenistische Theater—Zur Funktionalität der räume und ihrer Bedeutung für die Polis», in a . Matthaei, M . Zimmermann, Stadtbilder im Hellenismus. Die hellenistische Polis als Lebensform, Bd . 1, Berlin, 276-306 . von PrittwitZ Und gaFFron, h .-h . 2007: «die hellenistische Plastik von 160 bis 120 v . Chr .», in P .C . Bol (ed .), Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst: M . Flashar et al., Hellenistiche Plastik iii, Mainz, 241-271 . von SaLiS, a . 1912: Der Altar von Pergamon, Berlin . vorSter, Ch . 1983: Griechische Kinderstatuen, Cologne . waLKer, S ., higgS, P . (ed .) 2001: Cleopatra of Egypt. From History to Myth, London . weSt, M .L . 1975: «Zum neuen goldblättchen aus hipponion», ZPE 18, 229-36 . — 1985: The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women. its Nature, Structure, and Origins, oxford . woJCiK M .r . 1989: Museo Claudio Faina di Orvieto, Ceramica attica a figure nere, Perugia . wYCherLeY, r .e . 1962: How the Greeks Built Cities, 2nd edn, London . wYin-antiKaS, L ., ΑΝΤΥΚΑΣ, Θ .Γ . 2002: «Τζαμάλα iV: κοινά και τραυματικά περιστατικά σε σκελετούς της ύστερης εποχής χαλκού και πρώιμης εποχής σιδήρου», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 509-518 . ΦΑΚΛΑΡΗΣ, Π . 1986: «Ιπποσκευές από τη Βεργίνα», ΑΔ 41, Μελέτες, Αθήνα, 1-57 . — 1987: Ταφή πρώιμης εποχής του Σιδήρου στη Βεργίνα, Αμητός: τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο, Θεσσαλονίκη 1987, τόμ . 2, 923-34 . — 1996: «Βεργίνα . Ο οχυρωτικός περίβολος και η ακρόπολη», ΑΕΜΘ 1oΑ, Θεσσαλονίκη, 69-78 . ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Μ .Β . 1995: «Τα όρια της Μακεδονίας», Πρακτικά της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών (1995) 164-168 . ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, Α . 1998: «Ταφικά ευρήματα από τον αρχαίο οικισμό στη Νέα Ζωή Ν . Πέλλας», στο Μ . Λιλιμπάκη-Ακαμάτη, Κ . Τσακάλου-Τζαναβάρη (επιμ .), Μνείας Χάριν. Τόμος στη μνήμη της Μαίρης Σιγανίδου, Θεσσαλονίκη, 317-328 . ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, Α ., ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, Π . 1994: «Ανασκαφή στην Τράπεζα του Αρχοντικού Γιαννιτσών κατά το 1994», ΑΕΜΘ 8, Θεσσαλονίκη, 73-82 . — 1997: «Αρχοντικό Γιαννιτσών: Τράπεζα . η έρευνα των ετών 1996-1997», ΑΕΜΘ 11, Θεσσαλονίκη, 179-192 . — 2000: «Τα νεκροταφεία του Αρχοντικού Γιαννιτσών» ΑΕΜΘ 14, Θεσσαλονίκη, 473-485 . — 2001: «Ανασκαφή στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», ΑΕΜΘ 15, Θεσσαλονίκη, 477-488 . — 2002: «Ανασκαφή στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας κατά το 2002» ΑΕΜΘ 16, Θεσσαλονίκη, 465-478 . — 2003a: «Δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας: 234 συστάδα τάφων αριστοκρατικής οικογένειας των αρχαϊκών χρόνων” ΑΕΜΘ 17, Θεσσαλονίκη, 505-556 . — 2003b: «Γυναικείες ταφές των αρχαϊκών χρόνων στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», στο Ε . Τσιομπανούδη (επιμ .), Γνωριμία με τη γη του Αλέξανδρου, Πρακτικά Επιστημονικής Διημερίδας Θεσσαλονίκη 15-16 Ιουνίου 2002, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1-99 . —2004: «Ανασκαφή στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού κατά το 2004» ΑΕΜΘ 18, Θεσσαλονίκη, 561-572 . — 2005: «Ανασκαφή στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού κατά το 2005» ΑΕΜΘ 19, Θεσσαλονίκη, 435-447 . — 2006: «Σωστική ανασκαφή στο δυτικό νεκροταφείο του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας κατά το 2006», ΑΕΜΘ 20, Θεσσαλονίκη, 703-712 . — 2007a: «Τάφοι πολεμιστών των αρχαϊκών χρόνων από τη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», Αρχαία Μακεδονία vi, Θεσσαλονίκη, 113-132 . — 2007b: «Ανασκαφή στο δυτικό νεκροταφείο του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας κατά το 2007 . Η ταφική συστάδα του πολεμιστή με τη χρυσή μάσκα και άλλες ταφικές συστάδες», ΑΕΜΘ 21, Θεσσαλονίκη, 83-90 . — 2008: «Σωστική ανασκαφή στο δυτικό νεκροταφείο του αρχαίου οικισμού στο Αρχοντικό Πέλλας κατά το 2008», ΑΕΜΘ 22, Θεσσαλονίκη, 119-128 . — 2009a: «Τα νεκροταφεία του αρχαίου οικισμού στο Αρχοντικό Πέλλας», στο Π . Αδάμ-Βελένη, Κ . Τζαναβάρη (επιμ .), 20 Χρόνια Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και στη Θράκη. Επετειακός Τόμος, Θεσσαλονίκη, 477-489 . — 2009b: «Δυτικό νεκροταφείο του αρχαίου οικισμού στο Αρχοντικό Πέλλας: η σωστική ανασκαφική έρευνα του 2009» ΑΕΜΘ 23, Θεσσαλονίκη, 196-204 . ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, Π . 1993-94: «Οι Θεσσαλομακεδονικοί Θεοί των Καθαρμών και η Μακεδονική γιορτή Ξανδικά», Μακεδονικά 29, 175-208 . ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, Π ., ΖΑΡΟΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ, Α . 2005: «Μεσιανό Γιαννιτσών: ένα νέο νεκροταφείο του οικισμού στο Αρχοντικό Πέλλας», ΑΕΜΘ 19, Θεσσαλονίκη, 427-434 . xYdoPoULoS, J . 2012: «anthemus and hippias . The policy of amyntas», in illinois Classical Studies 37, 21-37 . YaLoUriS, n ., androniKoS, M ., rhoMioPoULoU, K ., herrMann, a ., verMeULe, C . 1980: The Search for Alexander. An Exhibition, national gallery of art, washington, art institute of Chicago, Museum of Fine arts, Boston and The Fine arts Museum of San Francisco, Boston . ΨΩΜΑ, Σ . 2002: «Το βασίλειο των Μακεδόνων πριν τον Φίλιππο Β΄: Νομισματική και ιστορική προσέγγιση», στο Η ιστορική διαδρομή της νομισματικής μονάδας στην Ελλάδα, Αθήνα, 25-45 . Zahrnt, M . 1984: «die entwicklung des makedonishen reiches bis zu den Perserkriegen», Chiron 14, 325-68 . ZiMMer, F . (ed .) 2002: Die griechische Klassik: idee oder Wirklichkeit. Eine Ausstellung im MARTiN-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, 1. März - 2. Juni 2002 und in der Kunstund Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, 5. Juli - 6. Oktober 2002, Mainz . ZUntZ, g . 1940: Persephone, oxford . — 1976: «die goldlamelle von hipponion», WST ΙΟ, 129-51 .