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Dulce et Decorum est- Analysis of Last Two Lines

Had the poem ended without «The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori», I highly doubt that it would have had the same importance and significance it still has in British and world literature. Horace, a renowned poet from the times of the ancient Roman Empire, whose masterpiece «Odes» contains the latin quote Owen uses in this poem, once said something such as «He has not lived badly whose birth and death has been unnoticed by the world».

Jan Berge Y12 Literature Dulce et decorum est, critical response to the last two lines Had the poem ended without «The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori», I highly doubt that it would have had the same importance and significance it still has in British and world literature. Horace, a renowned poet from the times of the ancient Roman Empire, whose masterpiece «Odes» contains the latin quote Owen uses in this poem, once said something such as «He has not lived badly whose birth and death has been unnoticed by the world». There has always- and especially since nationalism and patriotism blossomed at the end of the nineteenth century- been a certain level of glory, respect and last, but hardly least, fame over dying for your country; sacrificing your life for the good of your fellow countrymen and women, defending your land until the very last breath you take. According to the poet, this is a complete faux. We are still witnessing this phenomenon today, but there will hardly be a time in which service for country and its allies stood stronger than during the first half of the twentieth century. Owen refers to Horaceʼs quote as«the old Lie», a counterfeit statement. Can dying for your country be sweet and right although you are fighting in the cold, miserable trenches of the Western front in a war which feels increasingly meaningless for each day that passes by? Can it be sweet and right dying for your country in spite of it having practically abandoned you in terms of necessary supplies at the front and the support at home? The poet most certainly does not believe so, and with very good reasons. The whole poem in essence culminates in these last two lines. They act as the philosophical guidelines which Owen follows and challenges starting from the title, to throughout the whole poem to reach a conclusion that it is a total exaggeration with no relevance to the real conditions and consequences of war; death, misery, scars- which in his case are the haunting nightmares he experiences in every dream. Remembering the state the world was in during the early 20th century is also crucial in order to fully relate to these last two lines; we saw the fall of empires in what was an increasingly economically interdependent world. These years were golden years for investors, albeit West European bonds tended to fluctuate quite wildly in response to political events. And the fact that these years were so prosperous for empires such as especially Britain and Germany might arguably be said to have led to the creation of attitudes such as «I do not care what is going on abroad as long as I enjoy my afternoon tea or bratwurst!», which in turn created misconceptions of the devastating events and abominable conditions the soldiers experienced on the front. If we now go back to the quote by Horace on how a man whoms death and birth had been unnoticed by the world had lived well, it is strikingly true for Owen and not at least his fellow soldiers. Their deaths nor births, in most cases, had actually not been that much noticed, as portrayed through Owenʼs descriptions in poems such as «Anthem for doomed youth». And as the poem, Dulce Et Decorum Est, was written in a time of increased egoism and focus on wealth and territorial gains rather than on the enormous casualties, it is should not be surprising that the poet questioned the morality of this «Old Lie».