IJMRA-4762

December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ Hi-Tech Practices for Sustainable Agricultural Growth Pinki* Abstract Economic development of a nation is directly dependent on the performance of its agricultural sector and the optimum utilization of its available resources. Improvement in the productivity and profitability of agricultural sector has always been a major issue for policymakers. The paper highlights the challenges faced by farmers under traditional method of cultivation vis-a-vis conceptual framework regarding greenhouse farming, its structure, functioning, suitability and sustainability. It also provides a brief outline of the advent and progress of greenhouse farming in various other nations along India so far. The present paper also makes an attempt to rethink about agriculture sector as an industry and suggests further improvement. The present paper is divided into 5 sections. Section-1 contains introduction, Section-II presents conceptual framework of agricultural growth, sustainable development and greenhouse farming. Section-III presents a list of empirical studies being carried out in this context. Further section-IV describes a model for its functioning and provides a list of factors that are responsible for this leading innovative technique. At the last section-V presents a list of key findings and implications being beneficial for future research. Keyword: Commercial Farming, Agricultural Growth, Sustainability, Greenhouse Farming, Traditional Farming. * Assistant Professor, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 217 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ I) Introduction Agriculture sector was providing employment to more than 70% population at the time of independence (Josef Sayer, 2006) (Tripathi and Prasad, 2009). There is no doubt that it still provides employment to a majority of the population (>60%)(Pandey, 2007)(Josef Sayer, 2006). But what is happening today even farmer‟s sons are not going to adopt farming as their livelihood. They are switching to other professions/business where they get better opportunities and higher returns. The reason of such shift is our present agricultural system which is considered as more labour intensive and less revenue generating profession. Even due to urbanization, agricultural land is being shrinkedand it is becoming problem to get maximum output from the limited land(Josef Sayer, 2006). Farmers are committing suicide due to unfavourable agricultural policies. Farmers need protection through protective legislation as nothing is typically done to help them settle their debts or tackle the unprecedented price rise that leads them to commit suicides (Deshmukh,2011). The challenge is to improve the workings of markets for outputs, inputs, and financial services to overcome market failures. Meeting this challenge calls for innovations in institutions, for joint work between farmers, private companies, and NGOs, and for a new, more facilitating role for ministries of agriculture and other public agencies(Hazel et al,2007). There needs for identifying proper opportunities to promote rural employment, including non-farm employment, encourage diversification within and out of agriculture, develop value addition activities such as agro processing in rural areas in a way that benefits farmers (Deshmukh,2011). Emphasis needs to be laid on traditional investments such as land development, irrigation and farm mechanization and integration of small and marginal farmers in the mainstream in the case of marketing and exports which is being supported by Mumbai Expert Group,2005. There With the increasing demand for value added and high quality niche products, Indian agriculture has been forced to step up and adopt commercially, technically and economically viable agribusiness solutions (Pandey, 2011).Commercialization – measured as the degree of participation in markets (usually focusing on cash incomes) – could be relevant for any size of farm and any type of market. Farmers will benefit fromparticipating wherever the opportunities are – domestic or export markets – and respond to any opportunities available (CAADP Policy, 2011).Commercialization has contributed to increase in income levels of farmers through increases in the production and resulting in higher proportion of marketed surplus. Advent of Green Revolution technology in mid-sixties, which had resulted in rapid rise in yields of rice and wheat, has ensured our internal food security(Josef Sayer, 2006) (Satyasa&Viswanathan,2007). II) Conceptual Framework Agricultural output, sustainable and inclusive agricultural practices are considered as key parameters for agricultural growth. This section is further sub-divided into three sections. Part A discussed agricultural growth in India so far, Part B discussed indices foe sustainable development and Part C discussed conceptual framework of Hi-tech agricultural practices. A) Agricultural Growth Agriculture and allied sectors contributes 13.9% of thetotal GDP in the year 2011-12 as compared to 14.5% in 2010-11. As per Economic survey 2011-12, the growth rate in A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 218 IJMT December 2013 ISSN: 2249-1058 Volume 3, Issue 12 ______________________________________________________________________________ agriculture sector is expected to be 5.4% in 2013. The 11thFive year plan (2007-12) shows an annual average agriculture growth rate at 3.6% whereas the target rate was 4%. On the other hand GCF as per tenth plan had a growth rate of 2.7% and as shown by eleventh five year plan it is 9.7%. Table -1 Agriculture Sector Key Indicators (% at 2004-05 prices) Sr. No. Item 200708 200809 200910 201011 2011-12 Ist Revision 1 Growth in GDP in Agriculture & Allied Sector Share of Agriculture & Allied Sectors in total GDP Agriculture Forestry and Logging Fishing Share of Agriculture & Allied Sectors in total Gross Capital Formation(GCF) Agriculture Forestry and Logging Fishing GCF in Agriculture & Allied Sectors as % to GDP of the sector Employment in the agriculture sector as share of total workers(Census 2001) 5.8 0.1 0.8 7.9 3.6 16.8 14.3 1.7 0.8 15.8 13.4 1.6 0.8 14.6 12.3 1.5 0.8 14.5 12.3 1.4 0.7 14.1 12.0 1.4 0.7 6.4 5.9 0.1 0.5 7.8 7.2 0.1 0.5 7.3 6.7 0.1 0.5 6.2 5.6 0.0 0.5 6.8 6.2 0.1 0.5 16.1 19.4 20.1 18.4 19.8 2 3 4 58.2 Source: Central Statistics Office, Directorate of Economics &Statistics(Department of Agriculture and Cooperation) and Population Census 2001. B) Sustainable Growth Indices Josef Sayer (2006)Member of the German Council for Sustainable Development defined the term “Sustainability” in international perspective considering its three major dimensions Ecological, Economical and Social Sustainability as poverty reduction tool.Josef further focusing on small farmers concluded that by mean of sustainable agricultural practices yield can be increased by 100%, which results in reducing poverty. Sustainable Agricultural Growth Dimensions A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 219 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ Ecological Sustainability • • • • Conserve Soil Fertility Improve Soil Structure Biodiversity Preserve Natural Resources • Reduce the use of hazardous chemicals • Significance to Global Climate Economic Sustainability • Export vs Local Orientattion • Debt • Risk • Niche Market • Employment Social Sustainability • • • • Inclusiveness Political Unrest Local Acceptance Indigeneous Knowledge • Gender • Food Security • Participation Source: Josef Sayer (2006) Figure 1: Dimensions of Sustainable Growth Figure 1 shows the three major dimensions of sustainable agricultural growth in the form of ecological, economic and social sustainability as explained below: Ecological Sustainability Ecological sustainability means preservation of environment for the next generation. agricultural practices that results in conservation of natural resources, soil fertility, reducing the use of harmful chemicals, biodiversity, and contributing to global climate etc. considered as ecologically viable. How to conserve our valuable resources for the coming generation is an important concern. Many traditional farm practices were not considered ecological due to various shortcomings like wastage of natural resources, use of harmful chemicals, negative impact on global environment etc. Economic Sustainability Economical sustainability functions towards reducing the gap in between the rich and the poor Economic sustainability measures whether the available reforms results in increasing income level or not. Agricultural practices are considered as economic viable when it has export and local orientation, reducing farmer debt; secure employment and results in risk reduction. Social Sustainability Social sustainability functions for overcoming the problem of starvation. An agriculture practice is considered good only when it is going to reduce poverty and having the acceptance according the social norms and customs. It should provide quality products and improved nutritional value. C) Greenhouse Farming Modern technological era brought numerous changes in our present agriculture system which ensures sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth. One such technological advancement in agriculture sector is „Greenhouse Farming‟. Greenhouse farming shows a strong appeal not only to change the picture of the present agriculture sector by increased productivity but it can A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 220 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ also provide favourable share in export of agricultural produced.It is a technique of providing favourable environment condition to the plants by making a detailed inquiry regarding the plant requirements. It provides protection to the plant from the adverse climatic conditions such as wind, cold, precipitation, excessive radiation, extreme temperature, insects and diseases. It creates a micro environment around the plants. It is possible only by mean of greenhouse that proper monitoring and control of plants can be made to improve productivity. It frames such conditions that one can grow any plant in any place at any time with minimum labour. In India greenhouse farming started during 1980‟s but it still in its initial stage due to various reasons such as the requirement of technical knowhow, high formation cost, lack of awareness among farmers, risk factor attached and so on.More than 50 countries now in the world were using Greenhouse farming for commercial purpose. Netherlands export greenhouse grown quality flowers and vegetables in various countries. In Saudi Arabia, greenhouse grown Cucumbers and tomatoes production contributes >94% of the total production. In USA near about 4000 ha is covered under greenhouses cultivation mostly used for floriculture with a turnover of > 2.8 billion US $ p.a. Dutch greenhouse industry covers near about 89,600 ha area. Israel (with 15,000 ha) and Turkey (with 10,000 ha) are the largest exporter of vegetables and cut flowers in the world. Features of Greenhouses/Polyhouse Farming 1) Increased Productivity - The yield here under Greenhouse farmingmay be 10 to 12 times higher than that of outdoor / traditional cultivation. 2) Reliability - Reliability of crop increases under greenhouse cultivation. 3) Useful for Multiple crops cultivation- It provide suitable environment for multiple crops cultivation. 4) Throughout Year Production - Year round production of floricultural crops. 5) Increased Earning – Income can be increased by producing off seasonal vegetables and fruit crops. 6) Balanced Economy – Proper balance can be established in between demand and supply by producing off seasonal products. 7) Best use of pesticides and chemicals to control diseases. 8) Efficient use of available water resources – By mean of Drip Irrigation System water is provided to the plant as per its requirement. 9) Quality crop production and Low Labour cost. 10) Proper monitoring and controlling of ecological system around the plant. Greenhouse farming provides a new height in the cultivation of non-seasonal vegetables and flowers even in the hilly areas of north India by providing the suitable environment for the growth of the plant.Greenhouse structures these days are widely used for commercial purpose to supply non-seasonal flowers and vegetables (like cauliflower, colorful cucumber, cabbage, tomato, radish etc.) of good quality to different parts of the country and also for export purpose. Major Challenges in Greenhouse Farming A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 221 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ Inspite of too much advantages of greenhouse farming there are some major challenges that farmers have to face while establishing greenhouses. Some of these are as follows: 1) Expensive – It is quite expensive to install greenhouse due to heavy initial cost of investment. Huge capital is required to establish a greenhouse. 2) Requirement of technical knowhow – High level of managerial skill required to operate green house. Therefore farmers should be trained about these techniques. 3) High Production Cost – This one is a costly affair. The production cost can be reduced by establishing low cost greenhouses and by availing Govt. subsidies. 4) New Technology – Although this concept is centuries old but this is new to Indian farmers. So it‟s a big challenge to convince them about this project. 5) Farmers Limited Capital Sources- Due to limited capital source and unawareness about this technology farmers generally hesitate to invest money in greenhouses. 6) Lack of Awareness- Farmers are unaware with these modern agricultural techniques. 7) Loss due to natural calamities- Farmers generally think about the losses due to natural disasters like flood, strong winds, earthquake etc. 8) Uncertainty – Farmers were quiet uncertain about the success of these greenhouses. All these are the major thrust areas where proper attention should be takenthereof. No doubt, Polyhousefarming reduces rainfall dependency and makes optimize use of available resources like land, water etc.Polyhousefarmingcanhelpthefarmer in generating incomearoundtheyear by growingmultiplecrops. III) Literature Review A number of literatures are reviewed to have insight for hi-tech agricultural practices. These articles reveal the opportunities and challenges for hi-tech agribusiness. Sr.no. 1 2 Title Name of the Author Year Contracting and Tushar 2011 Agricultural Pandey Finance for Small HoldersHi-Tech Farming and a Case for Public Private Partnerships Report of the Dr.K.L. 2007 Working Group Chadha & onHorticulture, Dr.M.L. Plantation Choudhary, Findings of the Study Contract farming would be the enhancement of processing & value addition and the integration of the Food Value Chain. R&D activities, technology transfer and commercialization of agriculture are the three important building blocks for sustainable contract farming. • Use of Plastics in Horticulture • Bio-technology-leaf, soil & water analysis • Landscaping and gardening • Production and processing of medicinal and A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 222 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ Cropsand Organic Farmingfor the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12). 4 Linking JohannKirs agribusiness and ten&KurtS small-scale artorius farmers in developing countries: is there a new role for contract farming 5 Hi-tech Horticulture in India National Academy of Agricultur al Sciences (NAAS) 6 System for Polyhouse Farmers and Consultants NehaMad me, Anirudha Joshi 7 Floriculture-A Sector Study EXIM Bank aromatic crops • Mass propagation of Horticulture crops • Post harvest and value addition • Hybrid seed production for vegetables • Course on marketing intelligence for horticulture produce • Course on Floriculture 2002 This article briefly highlights the main problems normally associated with contract farming ventures, which lead to many failures and mistrust between agribusiness and smallholder families. These problems are: i) Poor enforcement of contracts (ii) High transaction costs in dealing with many smallholders (iii) Strict demands for consistency (no variation), quality, food safety, due diligence, etc. (iv) Business attitudes and ethics referring to non-payment, delayed payments or even reduced payments (v)High rate of product rejection by agribusiness (vi) Weak bargaining position of farmers vis-a`-vis a limited number of traders 2000 Need for simplification of policies and issues such as plugging of loopholesin the land acquisition law. Priority treatment of hi-tech floriculture as an industryneeds to be given. Availability and importing of quality inputs such as water-solublefertilizer, pesticides, throughout the year, across the counter should be ensured. Thehigh cost of finance, sudden increase in quarantine duty and duty on plastics whichhave been hampering the growth of the industry, need to be reviewed. 2009 The farmers liked the idea of receiving the daily schedule and getting consultant‟s advice on the phone on an ongoing basis. Farmers wanted informationabout supplies such as manufacturers, suppliers,contacts etc. The consultants felt that the product would allow them to manage the farmer‟s schedules better. They felt this will help them do learn from their past mistakes and give better decisions infuture. 2006 i)Fierce competition between major players, ii)Infrastructure and policy have major parameters in judging international competition, iii)Producers must invest in labour saving techniques to increase profit, A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 223 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 9 10 12 13 iv)In order to compete, Indian exporters must be able to supply products of consistent quality and on a regular base,etc. Annual Report Central 2007 Salient Achievement of Polyhouse 2007-2008 All Institute Cultivation: The yield of strawberry India of Post2008 cultivated in Polyhouse at Sri Nagar and Coordinated Harvest Jammu & Kashmir was almost double and about 35 days earlier as compared to outside Research Engineeri cultivation. Also vegetables growth was 12 Project on ng and to 42 days earlier than traditional cultivation Application of Technolog Plastic in y fetch good market price by making goods Agriculture Ludhiana( available even in off season.It also result in Punjab) energy saving and beneficial in the cultivation of various products. Environment YogeshR. 2008 Internetbased application for control and Monitoring and Sonawamonitoring of a Polyhousefarm has been Control of a ne , successfully developed and demonstrated. he Polyhouse Farm Sameer system can beexpanded and implemented in through Internet Khandother agro-based industries likeFloriculture, ekar , Horticulture, Poultry farming, Dairy farming, Bipin etc. Kumar Mishra , K. K. Soundra Pandian Success story Ministry 2007 This study reveals success story of on Greenhouse of greenhouses which ultimately results in Technology(A Agricultur improvement in cultivation technologies. case study on e,Govt. of Further, i)Greenhouse held to increase School & India quality, yield, optimum use of farm input Community (ii)it enhanced women empowerment etc. Horticulture Project) Setting up of Tushar 2007 Govt. objective maximize service to the Hi-Tech Pandey common man at an affordable price with Demonstration minimum use of govt. funds best achieved Agribusiness through public private partnership in farm(HTDFI):P provision in infrastructure and enabling PP Model services. Three models are available for public private partnership. Evaluation of Dr. 2008 1)Vegetable farming more readily accepted : agricultural Dibyendu need to step up promotion 2)Need for development Sen capacity building of extension personnel projects of through tailor made trainings3) Rain water Syngenta harvesting need to be taken as compulsory foundation intervention4) Supply of quality seeds and India planting materials to continue 5) Need for stricter follow-up action to check utilization of seeds & plantingMaterials6) Need for A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 224 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ 15 Integrated Agribusiness Development Policy 2011 Governme nt of Karnataka linkage with development departments for facilitating convergence ofschemes for the benefit of the targeted farmers 2011 The policy hopes to provide an enabling framework leading to increase in yield, reduction in consumer prices in the domestic front, grading and food safety practices, increase in exports, reduction in post-harvest losses, sustainable farming practices and Government. Further it will enable i) Sustainable Agriculture Activity, enhanced productivity and better realization to farming community, ii) Development of Agriinfrastructure, iii) Development of Agro based Industry including Food Processing Units, iv) Investments in agriculture and allied sectors, etc. The above cited literature shows that Greenhouse Farming is a new and innovative agricultural technique widely used in foreign countries on large scales but in our country it still in its initial stage due to so many reasons. A very few efforts have been made in our country in exploring agricultural potential in Greenhouse Farming. Comparison between Traditional farming and Greenhouse Framing Josef Sayer (2006) Traditional farming practices are going to be unfit on sustainability parameters due to so many reasons like it cause soil erosion, reduced soil fertility, impact on global environment whereas Greenhouse farming support multiple crop production, year around production, make efficient use of available water resources, eliminate usage of harmful chemicals and also have the potential to preserve rural jobs. It‟s a new and innovative technique that maintains food safety by improving the quality and nutritional value.Under Greenhouse farming after making a detailed study of the plant type, its nature and all kinds of other requirements such as fertilizers, soil type, climate, temperature, etc. such kind of micro climate is created around the plant which provide favourable growth and nourishment opportunities to the plant. Under this type of farming each and every activity is carried out in a planned manner or we can say in a protected manner. Adverse conditions like wind, temperature, sunshine, disease, radiation effect, etc. remain under control at here. Due to Greenhouse farming it‟s become possible to grow any plant at any time at any place. It has the potential to increase the yield 10 to 12 times higher than that of outdoor / traditional cultivation. Also through proper monitoring and control effective utilization of available resources are made. Not only it has the capacity to increase productivity, it also assures increased earning capability in comparison to traditional format. A typical, traditional farm of 500 square meters would generate an estimated annual income of Rs. 10,000 -20,000, compared to estimated annual income from similar sized polyhouse of Rs. 45,000 - 50,000. It‟s the strength of Greenhouse farmingto increase the yield by 300%, but farmers were still unaware to this modern Agri-technique. The problem of high cost A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 225 IJMT December 2013 Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ attached with Greenhouse farming can be sought by mean of co-operative farming. Also Government of India gives 50% subsidy for low, 20% for medium and 10% for high cost polyhouses as an incentive.Currently, farmers from the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra are taking interest in polyhouse farming. Popularity of Polyhouses will naturally lead to increase in demand for better control and automation.Polyhouse system protects the agricultural crops fromsudden change in weather and regulates the environment inside the Polyhouse. This helps the farmers to grow the crops without any external obstruction. Thus, monitoring and control forms the core element of a Polyhouse deployment. Control of internal thermal environment is achieved by managing several elements like air movement, sliding louvers, exhaust fans, heaters, air conditioning systems, sunroof, etc. IV) Model Showing factor considerations and traditional reforms on Agricultural Growth The total reforms till now in our agriculture sector has got its merits and demerits inside. These reforms come into existence only because these are the requirement of the present time which have an impact of various factors on its working. For example, if major factors needs to analyze for such changes then these were social, economic, technological and geographical factors. Due to the impact of these factors time to time reforms comes in our agriculture sectors. In other words, it can be said reforms are the outcome of such factor impact. From the traditional land reforms to green revolution (which is considered as Food Security era) and from green revolution to new agriculture system and from NAS to greenhouse farming suitability of each reform can be measure in term of impact on agricultural output, productivity, sustainability and inclusive growth indices.Josef Sayer (2006) Green revolution fails to solve the problem of food security as the principle of sustainability was not taken into account and it further trap the farmers into debt. Factors ConsiderationTraditional Reforms Parameters Social Factor Land Reforms Economic Factor Technological Factor Geographical Factor Agricultural Growth Green Revolution Reforms New Agriculture System Greenhouse Farming     Agricultural Output Productivity Sustainability Inclusive Growth Figure 2:Model showing factor impact on Agricultural Reforms which results in Agricultural Growth V) Key Findings and Implications A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 226 December 2013 IJMT ISSN: 2249-1058 Volume 3, Issue 12 ______________________________________________________________________________ Although greenhouse farming has a great potential to function but it still need to popularize in our country. Farmers afraid form risk taking if they were convinced about its economical aspect it has the caliber to change the picture of present agriculture system being specially designed to provide favourable environment to the plant. Proper training should be provided to the farmers have favourable results. References 1) “All India Coordinated Research Project on Application of Plastic in Agriculture”. Annual Report 2007-2008. Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana. Punjab. 2) Anon. (2005), “Report of The Expert group on Investment creditMumbai”. Available online at-http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PublicationReport/Pdfs/63919.pdf [accessed19/07/2012] 3) Chadha, K.L.& Choudhary, M.L.(2007), “Report of the Working Group onHorticulture, Plantation Cropsand Organic Farmingfor the XI Five Year Plan” (2007- 12).Government of India Planning Commission.January,2007. 4) Chip Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 11, August 2009. 5) Deshmukh,P.V.(2011), “Farmers Suicides In India”. Indian Stream Research Journal, Vol. 1, Issue . 1 / February 2011, pp. 113-117.I 6) “Floriculture-A Sector Study”. Occasional Paper no. 112 of Export Import Bank of India. Quest Publication. March 2006. 7) Hazell et al(2007), “The Future of Small Farms for Poverty Reduction and Growth”. International Food Policy Research Institute.2020. Discussion Paper 42. May 2007 8) “High-Tech Horticulture in India” (2000) Proceedings of national seminar organized by National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS).Banglore. 26th to 28th June, 2000. 9) “Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Managemen”t. Nashik. YashwantraoChavan Maharashtra Open University. 10) “Integrated Agribusiness Development Policy 2011”.Government of Karnataka. Department of Agriculture. Bangalore. 11) Jose´ L. Cha´vez, Francis J. Pierce, Todd V. Elliott, Robert G. Evans, “A Remote Irrigation Monitoring and Control System for continuous move systems. Part A: description and development”, Precision Agriculture, DOI 10.1007/s11119-009- 9109-1, 2009. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 227 IJMT December 2013 ISSN: 2249-1058 Volume 3, Issue 12 ______________________________________________________________________________ 12) Josef Sayer (2006), “Sustainable agriculture: A pathway out of poverty for India’s rural poor”. GTZ Sustainet. Deutsche GesellschaftfürTechnischeZusammenarbeit, Eschborn, Germany. Available online at- http://www.mamud.com/Docs/sustainet_india08_lowres.pdf. [Accesed 22/9/2013]. 13) Joshi, A. and Rokade, A. (2004), “Assistance and Control System for Polyhouse Plantation”, M. Des. Thesis, IDC IIT Bombay. 14) Kirsten, J.&Sartorius, K.(2002), “Linking agribusiness and small-scale farmers in developing countries: is there a new role for contract farming”. Development Southern Africa. Vol. 19, No. 4, October 2002. 15) Low cost Greenhouse for vegetable production. Available online at http://www.scribd.com/doc/55715364/Low-Cost-Green-Houses-for-VegetableProduction. 16) Madme,N. & Joshi,A. (2009), “System for Polyhouse Farmers and Consultants”. USID Foundation, September, 2009, Hyderabad, India. “Setting 17) Pandey,T.(2007), up of Hi-Tech Demonstration Agribusiness farm(HTDFI):PPP Model”. Proceedings of the International Conference for Agribusiness& Food Industry in Developing Countries: Opportunities and challenges. IIM Lucknow,India,10-12th August,2007. 18) Pandey, T(2011). “Contracting and Agricultural Finance for Small Holders- Hi-Tech Farming and a Case for Public Private Partnerships.” Available online at:http://www.ncap.res.in/contract_%20farming/Resources/13.1%20Tushar%20Pandey.p df.[accessed 17/07/2012] 19) Satyasai.K.S&Viswanathan.K.U.(2007)“Commercialisation and Diversification of Indian Agriculture”National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development .Department of Economic Analysis and Research.Mumbai. 20) Sonawaneet al(2008). “Environment Monitoring and Control of a Polyhouse Farm through Internet” 21) Sen,D.(2008), “Evaluation of agricultural development projects of Syngenta foundation India”.A Consultancy Assignment for Syngenta Foundation India. 22) Sengar.S.H. &Kothari.S., “Economic evaluation of greenhouse for cultivation of rose nursery”African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 3 (6), pp. 435-439, June 2008. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X © 2008 Academic Journals. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 228 December 2013 IJMT Volume 3, Issue 12 ISSN: 2249-1058 ______________________________________________________________________________ 23) “Success story on Greenhouse Technology(A case study on School &Community Horticulture Project)”.(2007) Ministry of Agriculture. Govt. of India. 24) Tripathi,A. & Prasad, A. R.(2009), “Agriculture Development in India since Independence: A Study on Progress Performance, and Determinants”. Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets, Vol.1, Issue 1, November 2009, pp.63-92. 25) http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/agr_agr_gro-agriculture-agricultural-growth A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Ca ell’s Dire tories of Pu lishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us 229