Phytochemical screening of Sarcostigmma acidum W. & Ar.

Sarcostemma acidum is widely used by the folk people in the treatment of verity of diseases and disorders. The present study was therefore carried out to provide requisite pharmacognostic details about the plant. Methods: macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and other WHO recommended parameters for standardization were performed. Result: A perennial leafless, jointed shrub with green, cylindrical, fleshy glabrous, twining branches having milky white latex, taste bitter; Flower white or pale greenish white with fragrant odour. The microscopy reveals dicotyledonous plant having circular vascular bundles in stem, absence of pith in root and anomocytic type of stomata on stem bark. Other physicochemical tests like moisture content, ash value, extractive values were determined and Preliminary phytochemical screening showed presences of carbohydrates, triterpenoids, phytosterols, saponins and lignins. Extraction of chemical constituents and chromatographically analysis (TLC) were performed. Conclusions: The microscopic using histological identification, microscopic constants, and other physico chemical examinations of Sarcostemma acidum can be used as a rapid, inexpensive and botanical identification technique is useful in standardization, hence would be of immense value in authentication of plan

Pharmacognosy Journal

Background: Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), an endangered medicinal plant distributed in various habitats in semi-arid region of Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Present study is focused on the extraction of bioactive compounds from the flowers of this plant by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using Methanol and chloroform as solvents. Methods: Flowers were collected from hilly and stony regions from xeric and harsh conditions of Indian Thar Desert of Rajasthan, during the month of July-September. The phytochemical compounds were investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology library. Result: Maximum % area is found for 24-Norursa-3, 12-diene is present in maximum amount (26.25%) with retention time (RT) =39.441 min, followed by Tetracontane (20.68%) with RT=30.275min in the methanolic extract. Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.)-is present in maximum amount (35.70%) with retention time (RT) =38.569 min, followed by Tetracontane (15.24%) with RT=29.678 min in the chloroform extract of flowers of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. Conclusion: Flowers of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. shows important pinpoint pharmacological activity. These bio-active constituents can be used by pharmaceutical or other drug designing industry to find a novel drug and pharmacologically active constituents justifying the use of this plant to treat many ailments.

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2017

The genus Sarcostemma finds a prominent place in different Indian systems of medicine. The different ethnic communities in India have used different species of Sarcostemma in the treatment of various human ailments. The plant Sarcostemma brevistigma is a perennial leafless, twining trailing shrub, with green cylindrical, fleshy, glabrous, green pendulous stems, exhibiting longitudinal ridges and nodes and exuding milky white latex. Plant shows circular vascular bundles in stem, absence of pith in root and anomocytic type of stomata on stem bark. The powder is fibrous, light greenish brown in colour and bitter in taste. It shows the presence of rosettes of calcium oxalate crystals, fragments of pitted, spiral vessels and laticifers. Laticiferous canals are wide, thick walled and non septate. The macroscopic, microscopic, histological identification and microscopic constants of Sarcostemma brevistigma can be used as a rapid, inexpensive and botanical identification technique which would be of immense value in standardization and authentication of this plant.

Journal of Natural Remedies, 2012

Objective: To develop pharmacognostical and quality control parameters for drug Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight and Arn. (Family: Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as Somlata, is rasayana drug. Materials and Methods: Stems of S. brevistigma were collected from Jamnagar, Dwarka and Bhuj in the month of November 2008 and studied for macroscopical and microscopical characters. Quantitative microscopy and physico-chemical parameters were also performed. A pregnane derivative mono- O -acetyl bregenin was isolated from stem extract and characterized by U.V., IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. HPTLC method was developed to quantify mono- O -acetyl bregenin and generate fingerprint profile for the drug. HPTLC was performed using precoated TLC plate (silica gel 60 F 254 ) as a stationary phase and Chloroform : Methanol (9.4 : 0.6) as a mobile phase. The plate was scanned at 366nm. Results: Macroscopically and microscopically all the samples of stems were found to be similar but differed in quantitative ...

2020

Seaweeds are marine macroscopic algae which form an important component of marine living organisms. In recent years, the secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) have been extensively investigated as a source of medicinal agents. Sargassum wightii growing in tropical and sub tropical regions have been known for a wide range of biological activities. The aim of the present study was to perform the phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolites both qualitatively and quantitatively of the three different extracts of Sargassum wightii. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, proteins and phenolic compounds and saponins was found to be absent. Among the three different extracts, methanol extract showed the presence of maximum number (7) of compounds. The estimation of total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids were observed in different extracts of Sargassum Wightii. The results indicated that the maximum phenolic...

International Journal of Science and Research , 2023

The plant Sarcostemma brevistigma (family-Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as "Kodikali" is used in many ayurvedic formulations. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of an ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by the reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical inhibition assay, Superoxide radical scavenging activity, Phosphomolybdenum assay and Determination of total phenolic content. The antioxidant activities of the study plant were found to increase with an increase in concentration. The extract exhibited the maximum reductive capacity, which was more or less equivalent to standards. The ethanolic extract (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 & 100 μg/ml) was compared with Ascorbic acid and Quercetin as a standard. The results of the present study clearly indicated that an ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma possesses powerful in vitro antioxidant activity.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

Marine algae exhibit extraordinary potential due to the presence of many active ingredients. Hence, it has become mandatory to evaluate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical profile of the marine algae. Sargassum cinereum commonly known as brown algae is native to the coastal region of the peninsular India belonging to division, Phaeophyceae was focused to highlight the knowledge for the pharmacognosy basically deals with standardization, authentication and study of natural drugs to explore marine algae S. cinereum in pharmaceutical field for its valuable medicinal importance.

2020

Helminthic infections are chronic illnesses both in human beings and cattles. Pheretima posthuma earthworms are a known helminthic and they have anatomical and physiological similarities with intestinal roundworm parasite present inside human beings. Medicinal plants have been using as health care products from a long time ago that have been used by humans in the form of traditional medicines all over the world. The use of herbal drugs extract and their remedies have increased throughout the world against the increasing use of synthetic drug medicines. In this study stem extracts of Sarcostemma acidum is evaluated for its anthelmintic property along with preliminary phytochemical analysis and total phenol quantification. Preliminary photochemical investigation reflected the presence of many phytoconstituents. Presence of phenols were detected in all the extracts studied. Methanol extracts showed maximum (40mg/gm) phenolic content. Anthelminthic property of crude methanolic extract o...

Pharma Science Monitor, 2017

Somlata or Moon plant (Sarcostemma acidum Wight. & Arn.) existing in warmer regions in European and Asian countries like India, China, Pakistan, Srilanka, Iran has various religious and pharmacological significances. The perennial, fleshy, glabrous branched, milky latex secreting shrub has been considered by majority of the researcher as an important candidate for divine “soma plant”, mentioned in Vedic literatures. The plant with unique features has been given several names from one region to another. There are also alike species but are considered poisonous to human use. However certain species like Ceropegia juncea are similar to S.acidum on the basis of their use and property. The plant mainly contains alkaloids, phenols, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, free amino acids, steroids, fixed oils, fats,mucilages, gums, wax etc. The stem also contains sucrose and phytosterol.The plant shows antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial gastroprotective, antioxidant, antifertility, insecticidal activities and thus hasa wide pharmaceutical application. The ethanol, acetone or methanol fraction of the plant extract both singly or in combination, exhibits strong therapeutic properties and can be used in preparing new formulations to cure various human ailments. This article is a comprehensive study of morphology, distribution, chemical composition and pharmaceutical uses of the plant. Moreover the study recommends more research on this plant to explore its various medicinal properties along with new approaches for its preservation.

Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019

Bu çalışma, Sargassum wightii'nin farklı ekstrelerinde bulunan fitokimyasalları tanımlamak ve etanol ekstresinin toksisitesini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: S. wightii'den total etanol ekstraksiyonu ve ardışık çözücü ekstraksiyonu yapılarak ekstreler üzerinde ön fitokimyasal tarama yapılmıştır. S. wightii'nin etanol ekstresinin (ESW) akut toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. ESW'nin subkronik toksisitesi, 100, 200 ve 400 mg/kg'lik dozlarla test edilmiştir. Hayvanlar, vücut ağırlığındaki ve yiyecek ve su alımındaki değişiklikler için gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, hayati organların relatif ağırlıkları, ardından histopatolojik incelemeler yapılmıştır. Çeşitli hematolojik ve biyokimyasal değerlendirmeler de yapılmıştır. Bulgular: S. wightii'nin fitokimyasal taraması, alkaloitler, karbonhidratlar, glikozitler, fenolik bileşikler ve tanenlerin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. ESW, akut toksisite çalışmasında mortalite veya terminal öncesi ölüme neden olmamıştır. Hayvanlar, vücut ağırlığındaki ve yem ve su tüketimindeki değişiklikler yönünden gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, hayati organların (beyin hariç) relatif ağırlıkları, yem ve su tüketiminde kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı farklılıklar bulunamamıştır. Histopatolojik incelemede patolojik lezyonların olmadığını gösteren normal bir yapı izlenmiştir. Hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler, yararlı olduğu düşünülen glukoz ve kolesterol seviyelerinde azalma haricinde, kontrol grubu ile de karşılaştırılabilir düzeyde bulunmuştur. Sonuç: S. wightii'de çeşitli fitokimyasalların varlığı, farklı hastalıkların tedavisi için potansiyel bir kaynak olabileceğinin kanıtıdır. ESW ile tedaviden sonra önemli bir toksik etki gözlenmemiştir. Bu nedenle, güvenli olduğu ve uzun süreli tedavide kullanılabilirliği önerilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sargassum wightii, fitokimyasal tarama, akut toksisite, subkronik toksiste Objectives: The present study was conducted to identify the phytoconstituents present in different extracts of Sargassum wightii and to assess the toxicity of its ethanol extract. Materials and Methods: Successive solvent extraction and total ethanol extraction of S. wightii were performed and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of S. wightii (ESW) was studied. The subchronic toxicity of ESW was tested with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The animals were observed for changes in body weight and food and water intake. At the end of the study, the relative weights of vital organs were noted, followed by histopathological examinations. Various hematological and biochemical estimations were also carried out. Results: Phytochemical screening of S. wightii revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins. ESW did not induce any mortality or pre-terminal death in the acute toxicity study. There were no significant differences in body weight, relative weight of vital organs (except the brain), or food or water intake compared to the control group. The histopathological examination showed normal architecture, suggesting absence of pathological lesions. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also comparable to those of the control group except for reductions in glucose and cholesterol levels, which are postulated to be beneficial. Conclusion: The presence of various phytoconstituents in S. wightii is evidence that it could be a potential source for treating different ailments. No significant toxic effects were observed after treatment with ESW. Thus, it is proposed to be safe and can be recommended for long-term treatment.