General Ship Knowledge - Safe Navigational Watch

In parallel with the increase in the volume of world trade, cargo handling rates and seafarersʹ pace of work has increased. Although the STCW regulations and restrictions on working hours has improved, this tempo has brought with it insufficient resting hours, especially in short sea transport. It is known that individuals under stress and intensive workloads are more prone to making mistakes due to fatigue. In this study, the officers’ working hours are simulated in full‐mission simulator at short sea transport to investigate errors made during the navigation and port watches. For this purpose, the data were obtained from 7 volunteers watchkeeping officers with the help of video monitoring and check lists in the full‐bridge simulator system and also, system records in cargo handling simulator. With this study, introduced what types of errors made during navigation and port watches by watchkeeping officers under the intense pace of work. And the errors are evaluated under the legisl...

2007

There is a common belief that experienced ship's officers look out more through the window than novices who believe more in instruments. This pilot study focused on how the visual attention is shared between the window and the instruments available on the bridge. Using an eye tracker, eye movements were recorded from six scenarios in a ship simulator. The results show that eye tracker equipment can be used in a ship simulator, and provides information which can be highly relevant concerning safety aspects, bridge design and training programs.

Pedagogika-Pedagogy, 2021

One of the main causes of many maritime accidents are errors caused by the human element. Analysis of many maritime accidents at sea shows that situational awareness is one of the most important safety factors. The purpose and objective of this paper is to define the concept, importance and application of situational awareness throughout history until today. It also aims to highlight the high level of situational awareness as an important safety factor possessed by the Officer of the Watch and the overall importance of the same in the maritime domain. It is important to define the role of International Maritime Organization and the World Health Organization in relation to seafarer regulations and situational awareness. To identify the prevalence of low situational awareness as a root cause of accidents through the analysis of statistical data. To demonstrate the consequences of low situational awareness among ship’s crew through examples of tragic maritime accidents, along with iden...

Russian Journal of Water Transport

The paper deals with the concept of situational awareness of Officer of the Watch (OOW). For the purpose of the paper 100 accident investigation reports were analysed and it was concluded that lack of SA was a main contributing factor in the most of accidents. The issue of simulator training is also considered in the article. The analysis of STCW competencies and methods of competency demonstration for initial OOW certification was performed and it was found that a major part of competencies can be acquired through simulator training, including some of bridge watchkeeping competencies. Nowadays candidates for the first certification (cadets) join ships for their fist on-board training (OBT) without having any watchkeeping experience, so they have to acquire all relevant skills on board. Taking this into account, the authors propose to arrange preliminary bridge simulator training for cadets prior to their first OBT in order to develop basic watchkeeping and SA skills. The authors al...

Watch keeping, 2019

duties of officer of the watch at sea

One watchstanding schedule used in the US Navy is the modified 6-hr on/18-hr off, a 6-hr watch followed by an 18-hr non-watch period. In this four-section watchbill, rather than standing the same 6-hour period each day, two 3-hr watches are “dogged”, resulting in a day shorter than 24-hrs in length. We assessed the 6-hr on/18-hr off schedule to determine its affordance of rest/sleep and psychomotor vigilance, comparing it to a 3-hr on/9-hr off schedule. Results show the 3-hr on/9-hr off schedule is superior, affording 0.63 more hours of rest daily (p=0.054), 0.89 more hours of sleep daily (p=0.024), and decreased variability in psychomotor vigilance (i.e., reaction time and lapses) compared to the standard schedule (p<0.05). Variability of daily rest and sleep is also reduced (p<0.05). Subjective assessments between the 3-hr on/9-hr off and seven other watch schedules showed that participants preferred the 3-hr on/9-hr off schedule. The 3-hr on/9-hr off schedule yields better ...

Maritime Education, 2018

This descriptive study aimed at presenting the status of independent variables which were age, position, and sea service experience and the dependent variables were the competences under Regulation II/4 of the 1978 STCW Convention, as amended. The participants in this research, determined through simple random sampling, were the 152 experienced marine deck officers from various shipping companies and related maritime institutions in Metro Manila. The data needed for this research were drawn from survey questionnaires on compliance checklist for Rating Under Training according to Reg. II/4 of 1978 STCW Convention, as amended, to determine the level of competences of Ratings Under Training. Means and t-test were the statistical tools employed. Alpha level was set at .05. There were no significant differences in the levels of competence of Ratings Under Training when respondents were classified according to age, position, and sea service experience.

Indian Journal Of Science And Technology

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effects interpersonal skills (leadership and communication) as part of non-technical skills on bridge officers at critical times and bridge watches. Methods/Statistical analysis: A total of 40 questions, out of which 25 questions with 5-point Likert scales, 2 questions with multiple choices, and 13 demographic questions were filled by 400 seafarers via online survey method. Explanatory factor analysis was performed using Varimax, Kaiser Normalization Rotation Method, and Principal Components Analysis to reduce survey's items in low dimensions. Scree plot test, eigenvalues-greater-than-1 rule, explanatory percentage of the total variance, Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, Split half method Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient were used in factor analysis. Findings: Some dimensions have significant relationships. There is a weak positive statistical correlation between teamwork skills and sharing workload, leadership, personal attitudes, operational safety decision-making, communication. This result supports the hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 that there is a relationship between teamwork skills and communication, personal attitudes. So, while the leadership is increasing, personal attitudes, operational safety decisionmaking, communication will be getting better supporting hypothesis 3 which is revealed that there is a relationship between leadership and communication. Finally, it is found that there is a weak positive statistical correlation between operational safety decision-making and communication. Applications: The psychology and non-technical skills of the bridge team and other crew members play an important role in minimizing the occurrence marine accidents. .

Journal of Transportation and Logistics

Maritime education is given in accordance with the Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping Standards of Seafarers (STCW) around the world. These standards provide seafarers with the necessary licenses and certificates to work on board but their operational performance depends on their personal characteristics and qualifications. In order to minimize personnel-induced risks and related costs while at the same time enhancing operational efficiency, it is essential to choose personnel whose qualifications best match the ship/cargo type. There are many officers of the watch (OOW) with different qualifications and educational histories in the maritime sector. Choosing the most suitable among these OOWs specific to the ship/cargo is more difficult than the selection of masters. In the light of this, this study focuses on an appropriate selection process of OOWs and aims to identify the predominant selection criteria according to two main types of vessel: tankers and general cargo ships. The priorities of selection criteria based on the type of vessel are outlined for employing the OOW. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the relative weights of OOW selection criteria. The study concludes that the global relative weight distributions of criteria for tankers and general cargo ships are quite different from each other, except for experience. It is thought that the criteria determined will provide companies with a more accurate evaluation advantage in the selection of OOWs.

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