Paphos Agora Project 1 published. pdf

paphos agora proJect (pap) volUme 1 EditEd by Ewdoksia PaPuci-władyka InterdIscIplInary research of the JagIellonIan UnIversIty In nea paphos Unesco World herItage sIte (2011–2015) — fIrst resUlts PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT (PAP) vOlumE 1 INTERDISCIPlINARY RESEARCH OF THE JAGIEllONIAN uNIvERSITY IN NEA PAPHOS uNESCO WORlD HERITAGE SITE (2011–2015) — FIRST RESulTS PARTNERS OF THE PROJECT Jagiellonian University in Kraków — Leader of the Project Department of Antiquities, Cyprus AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce Warsaw University of Technology University of Hamburg Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw Inter-academic Institute of Conservation and Restoration of Art (Warsaw and Krakow) National Science Centre PATRONAGE Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Nicosia PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT (PAP) vOlumE 1 INTERDISCIPlINARY RESEARCH OF THE JAGIEllONIAN uNIvERSITY IN NEA PAPHOS uNESCO WORlD HERITAGE SITE (2011–2015) — FIRST RESulTS EditEd by Ewdoksia PaPuci-władyka KRAKóW 2020 Scientific Editor: Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Assistant Editors: Agata Dobosz and Urszula Wicenciak Language editor: Jacqueline Westwood-Demetriades Secretary of the Redaction: Barbara Zając Correction: Jakub Kuciak Scientific Reviewer: John Lund Photographers of the expedition: Marcin Iwan, Adam Oleksiak, Robert Słaboński Photographs also contributed by: Wojciech Machowski, Łukasz Miszk, Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Drawings: Alicja Jurkiewicz-Cora, Żenia Demczuk, Meike Droste, Izabela Jurkiewicz, Barbara Zając Computer processing and Digitalisation of drawings: Urszula Bąk, Urszula Socha Logo of the project: ZerkajStudio Cover: Urszula Socha, based on photo taken from UAV by W. Ostrowski Projekt finansowany przez granty Narodowego Centrum Nauki (NCN) / Project financed by the National Science Centre (NSC) grants: OPUS no. 2011/01/B/HS3/01282 and MAESTRO no. 2014/14/A/HS3/00283 Publikacja sfinansowana z subwencji naukowej Wydziału Historycznego oraz Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego / Publication financed from the scientific subsidy of the Jagiellonian University Faculty of History and Institute of Archeology Copyright © by all Authors and Uniwersytet Jagiellloński Copyright © by Towarzystwo Wydawnicze „Historia Iagellonica” © Kraków 2020, All rights reserved Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka ORCID 0000-0002-4533-2557 ISBN: 978-83-65080-96-7 (print) ISBN: 978-83-66304-44-4 (e-pub) Skład i łamanie / Layout and Typesetting: Studio Poligraficzne Dorota Słomińska Kraków, tel. 602 677 488 Druk i oprawa / Print and binding: Poligrafia Salezjańska ul. Michała Bałuckiego 8, 30-318 Kraków, tel. 12 266-40-00 Towarzystwo Wydawnicze „Historia Iagellonica” z siedzibą w Instytucie Historii UJ ul. Gołębia 13, 31-007 Kraków www.iagellonica.com.pl PREfAcE This publication, which is now being bestowed on its readers, opens a new publishing series — PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT. Its purpose is to publish research results of the Jagiellonian University project and cooperating institutions in the Agora and, more broadly, in the ancient city of Nea Paphos — a UNESCO world heritage site. The first volume presents the first research results from the years 2011–2015. Further volumes are planned in the coming years. It is hoped that this new series will help to increase knowledge of Paphos, solve many research problems, pose new research questions and increase interest in conducting more comprehensive research on Hellenistic and Roman Paphos and Cyprus in general. This book would not have been created without the support from many institutions and people. First of all, we are grateful to the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus and its former director, Dr. Maria Hadjicosti and the present director, Dr. Marina Solomidou-Ieronimidou, for the permission to excavate the Agora and in general, for their constant and strong support. Our gratitude goes as well to all the staff of the Department, especially Dr. Despo Pilides, Dr. Efstathios Raptou, Dr. Efthychia Zachariou-Kolia, Dr. Elefterios Charalampous, Panagiotis Andreou, Maria Demetriou-Economidou and the entire staff of the Paphos District Museum: Margarita Kouali, Neoptolemos Demetriou, Andreas Michaelides, Georgios Tampakoudis and others. Equally, we would like to thank the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Nicosia for taking patronage over our activities. We thank the Polish National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) for funding our project with two grants, thanks to which it was possible to conduct this research and disseminate its results. We express our gratitude to the City of Paphos, and especially the Mayor, Fedonas Fedonos for his long-term support and help. A very important issue is the financing for this publication: this was provided from the Dean of the Faculty of History of the Jagiellonian University, Prof. Jan Święch, to whom we express our heartfelt gratitude. We thank our editor, Historia Iagellonica, for their understanding, patience and harmonious collaboration. Equally, we would like to thank our friend, Dr. John Lund, for his review of the book and his favourable opinion of it. We are deeply indebted to the editorial board: Agata Dobosz, Urszula Wicenciak and Barbara Zając. A member of this board and friend, Jacqueline Westwood-Demetriades deserves a special mention, invaluable in helping the project in many aspects and patiently improving our imperfect English. All members of the PAP team and cooperating institutions, independent specialists, students, volunteers, friends, sympathisers and supporters should also receive a huge thank you! Among the volunteers, special thanks to the group of, mainly British, volunteers, now guided by Geoff Cosson, who came every year during the excavation and washed the pottery excavated by the PAP. My personal thanks go also to my husband, Marek Władyka, and my family, as well as many friends for their long-term support and encouragement. Kraków and Paphos, June and July 2019 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Editor-in-chief and Director of Paphos Agora Project cONTENTs Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 List of illustrations: Plates, Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Paphos Agora Project and History of Research Chapter 1 Paphos Agora Project (PAP): its aims, stages of development, methodology and chronology . . 73 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Chapter 2 History of the Research on Nea Paphos and its Agora 2.1. A Brief History of Research on Nea Paphos (without the Agora) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka and Łukasz Miszk 2.2. The Agora of Nea Paphos — Overview of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Łukasz Miszk Architecture and Stratigraphy Chapter 3 Stratigraphy and Architecture of the Agora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Łukasz Miszk Chapter 4 An Overview of the Architectural Features of the Agora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Karolina Rosińska-Balik Pottery, Lamps and Terracottas Chapter 5 Methodology – Macroscopic Analysis of Pottery (table wares, unguentaria, lamps, and kitchen wares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Edyta Marzec, Małgorzata Kajzer and Kamila Nocoń Chapter 6 Hellenistic and Roman Table Wares 6.1. Hellenistic Table Wares (from the 4th to the 1st century BCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Edyta Marzec and Małgorzata Kajzer 6.2. Roman Table Ware Pottery (ca. 30 BCE to the 7th century CE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Małgorzata Kajzer and Edyta Marzec Contents Chapter 7 Unguentaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Edyta Marzec Chapter 8 Hellenistic and Roman Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Małgorzata Kajzer Chapter 9 Hellenistic and Roman Kitchen and Cooking Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Kamila Nocoń Chapter 10 Hellenistic and Roman Transport Amphorae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Agata Dobosz Chapter 11 Terracottas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Meike Droste Metal Objects Chapter 12 Coin Finds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Jarosław Bodzek Chapter 13 Metal Objects (other than coins) 13.1. Metal Objects and Production Wastes: functional, macroscopic and space-time distribution analysis of findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Maciej Wacławik 13.2. Bronze Steelyard with an Acorn-shaped Counterweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka and Maciej Wacławik 13.3. The Ringknaufschwert Type Sword of a Beneficiarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Marcin Biborski 13.4. Lead Weight with an Inscription by Seleukos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Alfred Twardecki Stone and Glass Objects, and Animal Bones Chapter 14 Stone Objects 14.1. Amulet with ιαεω–palindrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Joachim Śliwa 14.2. Stone Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Marta Florek Chapter 15 Glass Vessels and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Piotr Cora Chapter 16 Animal Bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Paul Croft 8 Contents Non-invasive Prospection and Landscape Research Chapter 17 Non-invasive Magnetic Research in 2015 and its Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Martina Seifert, Michael Antonakis and Nicola Babucic Chapter 18 Low Altitude (UAV), Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Wojciech Ostrowski, Łukasz Miszk, Weronika Winiarska and Kasper Hanus Chapter 19 First Results of Geoarchaeological Studies on Site and off Site in Nea Paphos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Tomasz Kalicki, Sławomir Chwałek and Marcin Frączek Summary of the Results Chapter 20 Summary of the Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka and Łukasz Miszk Appendix: Some Remarks on Urban Layout of Nea Paphos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Łukasz Miszk, Wojciech Ostrowski and Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka List of Authors and Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Indices Topographical and Geographical Index (with elements of subject index) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of Mythological Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared by Barbara Zając 533 541 543 545 9 This publication, which is now being bestowed on its readers, opens a new publishing series — PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT. Its purpose is to publish research results of the Jagiellonian University project and cooperating institutions in the Agora and, more broadly, in the ancient city of Nea Paphos, the UNESCO World Heritage List site. The first volume presents the first research results from the years 2011–2015. Further volumes are planned in the coming years. It is hoped that this new series will help to increase knowledge of Paphos, solve many research problems, pose new research questions and increase interest in conducting more comprehensive research on Hellenistic and Roman Paphos and Cyprus in general. Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka Editor-in-chief and Director of Paphos Agora Project EditEd by Ewdoksia PaPuci-władyka ISBN 978-83-65080-96-7