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Raimon Panikkar: A Companion to His Life and Thought

2019, The Heythrop Journal

A collection of essays about a Catholic intellectual born of Spanish and Indian parents who became a priest and academic with some highly original ideas

Raimon Panikkar: A Companion to His Life and Thought edited by Peter C. Phan and Young-chan Ro, James Clarke & Co., 2018 (ISBN 978-0-227-17633-7), xxv + 293 pp., hb ₤75.00 For those who have read his works, as well has for those who have read about him, Raimon (or Raymond) Panikkar is an elusive thinker. Born in 1918 to an Indian Hindu father and a Catalan Catholic mother, he was raised and educated in Spain. Always comfortable with his father’s religion, he was nonetheless educated in Jesuit schools, and as a young man he expressed his desire to live an intensely Christian life by joining the recently founded Opus Dei. Although ordained a priest, his life revolved first around his studies in philosophy, theology and science, and later around an academic career of writing, teaching and lecturing around the world. Intellectually a genius, religiously a mystic, and temperamentally a polymath, his life unfolded in a series of attempts to express what he was coming to understand about human existence, reality and the universe. Reflecting on his religious journey in the early 1970s, Panikkar said, ‘I “left” [Europe] as a Christian, I “found” myself a Hindu, and I “return” as a Buddhist without ever ceasing to be a Christian’ (20). For this to be a true expression of his religious transformations, he must have been speaking with a consciousness far different from that of ordinary believers. In terms of James Fowler’s Stages of Faith, Panikkar quickly reached Stage Six, a level of complexity and integration that few people achieve in one religious tradition, much less three. Teaching primarily in secular universities, and avoiding any obvious contradictions of Catholic dogma, Panikkar escaped ecclesiastical censure such as that imposed on Teilhard de Chardin. Perhaps because his thinking was always evolving, he never held a position long enough for it to be brought to the attention of the Vatican. Moreover, the traditional vocabulary of philosophy and theology was never rich enough to express the complexity of his thought. Indeed, a large portion of this volume is filled with attempts to elucidate his many neologisms, including christophany, cosmotheandrism, diachronic and diatopical hermeneutics, ecosophy, heteronomy, homeomorphic, imparative, kairological, ontonomy, orthopoiesis, radical relativity, sacred secularity, and tempiternity. For the convenience of the reader, a glossary of Panikkar’s invented terms, compiled by Andrew Thrasher, can be found at the back of the book. Perhaps the best way to convey to convey a sense of Panikkar’s challenging and unorthodox thinking is to present a sample of what he has written. Here are some of his words quoted from the book. The unthinkable does not exist in itself as a fixed dimension; at any given moment it is the provisional, the historical that accomplishes itself in the future . . . . (22) Man and God are neither two nor one. . . . God and Man are, so to speak, in close constitutive collaboration for the building up of reality, the unfolding of history, and the continuation of creation. (27) Only the Son is Person, if we use the word in its eminent sense and analogically to human persons, neither the Father nor the Spirit is a person. (34) [T]he problem of the Divine is centered not on theism but on the very nature of reality as a whole, and that theocentrism is as inadequate as anthropocentrism, or for that matter cosmocentrism. (72) No single religion – not even all traditional religions taken together – has a monopoly on religion. (89) If Being is rhythmic, the whole is not divisible into parts, and therefore the sum of the parts does not constitute the whole; each member is an image of the Whole and the Whole is reflected in its members. (122) Any Christ who is less than a Cosmic, Human and Divine Manifestation will not do. . . . Christ is still a living symbol for the totality of reality: human, divine and cosmic. (138) My conviction is that the ‘radical Trinity’ of the cosmotheandric intuition belongs to a mature understanding of the Christian insight and of most human traditions. (167) The I is not me. I am not the product of evolution. . . . Man, the integrally concrete, real man, is not an item in a classification scheme: it is he who does the classifying. (188) Another word for harmony may be sympathy, which does not primarily mean individual, sentimental compassion, but the common pathos among all the constituents of Reality. (229) How will Being ‘perdure’ in Being if beings cease to be? If Being ‘be-ings’ in beings, if Being is in beings, how would that is be if there were no beings? (250) (Written for the Heythrop Journal in July 2019) PAGE 3