Architecture and Urbanism… A Smart Outlook

Book of Abstracts Architecture and Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Architecture and Urban Planning Departments The Third International Conference AR-UP2019, Cairo Book of Abstracts Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook AR-UP 2019 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgements …………….……………………………………………………….……….… 12 Scientific Committee .…………….………………………………………………….……….….. 13 Organizing Committee …………….………………………………………………………….… 16 Authors’ Affiliations …………….…………………..……………………………………….…. 17 Smart Solutions .......................................................................................... 19 Artificial intelligence shaping sustainable cities for climate change mitigation: A review of literature Abd El-Hameed, Ahmed K. ................................................................................... 20 School2Share (S2S): A computational approach for the efficient management of shared facilities in Egypt Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Assem, Ayman, Ezzeldin, Mohamed .................................. 21 How can urban fabrics enhance walkability? Comparative spatial analyses in Cairo Abedo, Mohamed; Salheen; Mohamed; Elshater, Abeer...................................... 22 Architectural heritage between visualization and H-BIM Elbaz, Noran; Kamel, Shaimaa; Abdelmohsen, Sherif ......................................... 24 Heritage building information modelling: Towards a new era of interoperability Elbaz, Noran; Kamel, Shaimaa; Abdelmohsen, Sherif ......................................... 24 Adoption of building information modelling: Comparative roles of major Egyptian architecture, engineering and construction industry stakeholders Elguindy, Rehab; Ibrahim, Diaa Eldin; Khodeir, Laila ....................................... 25 2 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Encoding latent properties of hygromorphic-thermobimetal composites as a passive mechanism for adaptive building skins El-Dabaa, Rana; Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Mansour, Yasser ................................... 26 GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis for social events carried out in urban public spaces Ezzeldin, Mohamed; Assem, Ayman ..................................................................... 27 Using smart design barriers to create safe and high-quality heritage public spaces Fouda, Mohanad Ali Mohamed ............................................................................ 28 Innovative methodologies for keeping the authenticity of timber in the heritage realm Hassan, R.; Ebrahim, G; Hassanin, A. ................................................................. 29 The absent opportunities in using reinforced concrete with glass fibre as an environmentally friendly structural material Haggag, Azza; Alsady, Amira ............................................................................... 30 Applying swarm intelligence in architectural design Magdy, Hagar; Eldaly, Hazem ............................................................................. 31 BIM-based framework to enhance facility management performance in educational existing buildings Marco, Martina; Nagy, Gehan; Maguid, Dalya ................................................... 32 Statistical management to improve the upcoming projects performance as a building technology strategy Meselhy, Mohamed ............................................................................................... 33 Smart city approach: Tools and components Rizko, Nawfal; Talib, Mohammed ........................................................................ 34 Thermal performance enhancement for building envelope based on biomimetic optimization algorithms Salah, Wael Mansour Abdelrahman ..................................................................... 35 3 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency............................................... 35 Retrofit as means for reaching net-zero energy residential housing in greater Cairo Adly, Bassent; Sabry, Hanan; Faggal, Ahmed; Abd Elrazik, Mahmoud .............. 37 The effect of using renewable energy in sustainable cities in Iraq on its environmental image Al Mudares, Khalid; Alwan, Huda ....................................................................... 38 Promoting green architecture practice in Egypt Anber, Maha ......................................................................................................... 39 Impact of orientation on energy consumption of governmental housing case study of ‘Sakan Misr’ Eisa, Abeer; Steit, Mohamed ................................................................................ 40 Performance strategies for reducing energy consumption of buildings and related greenhouse: A review Elbellahy, Shukri ................................................................................................... 41 Investigating the urban heat island phenomenon in residential areas of Cairo: The morphological impact Elmarakby, Esraa; Khalifa, Marwa; Elshater, Abeer; Afifi, Samy ...................... 42 Integrating passive design strategies and energy generation systems for net plus energy housing in Egypt Hamza, Hussein; Ashour, Mohamed Ayman; Sabry, Hanan Mostafa, Ismail, Mostafa Refaat ...................................................................................................... 43 Effect of external walls design on reducing energy consumption of buildings in Upper Egypt using BIM Mohamed, Fatma; El-Hefnawy, Mohamed; Mahmoud; Nawal ........................... 44 The effect of courtyard ratio on energy consumption and thermal comfort in a primary governmental school in New Assiut City, Egypt Mohammed Abd El-Samea, Ahmed; Sayed Hassan Abdallah, Amr; Mohammed Hassan, Nouby ...................................................................................................... 45 4 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Impact of using semi-transparent photovoltaics on energy saving in office buildings in Egypt Nageeb, Rana; Kamal, Amal; Atef, Ahmed........................................................... 46 Mediterranean Sea vs energy landscape: Atlantropa and the Qattara Depression of Egypt Penna, Cristiana ................................................................................................... 47 Regenerative Design ................................................................................... 48 Resuscitation of the mundane: Urban catalysts as tools to revitalise industrial heritage in Alexandria Abouelfadl, Hebatalla ........................................................................................... 49 Historic urban landscape approach for the regeneration of historic coastal cities: The case of Rosetta, Egypt Adam, Sara; Khalifa, Marwa; Attia, Amr ............................................................. 50 Towards Muscat Governorate development: A prospective urban approach to re-design old Al-Seeb area Al-Kazee, Mohamed Faisa; Al-Sobhi, Roba; Al-Maamar, Saja; Al-Nairi, Siham 51 The adaptive re-use of historical Wakalahs as one of economic development sectors in Historic Cairo, Al-Gamalia Street Arab, Hadeer; Elborombaly, Hossam Eldin; Maarouf, Dina .............................. 52 Optimal planning, sizing and scheduling of trigeneration systems Atef, Mohamed; Elbanhawy, Amr; Abo El-Nasr, Mahmoud ................................ 53 Investigating the role of strategic crisis management towards disasterresilient design: A field-study targeting architectural design firms Esmat, Mirette; Othman, Ayman; El Saay, Heba ................................................. 54 Seasonal cities: Temporal changes in urban metabolism Estrada, Mauricio ................................................................................................. 55 Aspects of regenerative cities Fayed, Lina; Elshater, Abeer; Rashed, Rowaida ................................................. 56 5 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Copenhagen: A model for regenerative cities Fayed, Lina; Elshater, Abeer; Rashed, Rowaida ................................................. 57 Adaptive reuse as a revitalization tool for capital cities: The case of Downtown Cairo post-relocation of governmental buildings to the New Administrative Capital Hassan, Nada; Khalifa, Marwa; Hamhaber, Johannes ....................................... 58 The last train traces in Beirut: Towards an ecological urbanism perspective Hindi, Nadine ........................................................................................................ 59 Exploring water-sensitive urban landscape design practices: The case of Rehab City, New Cairo Khalil, Lamis; Kamel, Shaimaa; Khalifa, Marwa; Hamhaber, Johannes............ 60 Regeneration of Mamluks desert zone in Historic Cairo Moosa, Hanaa ....................................................................................................... 61 The effect of constructivist density of urban fabric in the solar radiation within the urban canyons for Saharian City, Algeria Qaoud, Rami; Alkama, Djamal ............................................................................. 62 Environmental risk assessment as an approach of resilience to climate change in architectural heritage Shaheen, Noha; Othman, Ayman A.; Ismail, Mostafa R. ...................................... 63 Rab Simḥāh Synagogue in Cairo's Jewish Quarter: A graphic reconstruction of architecture before 1872's restoration Zakaria, Ahmed ..................................................................................................... 64 Inception and Evolution ............................................................................ 65 Towards a theoretical model for using green areas in new Egyptian cities Al-Sayed, Said Hassanien ..................................................................................... 66 Towards multisensory architecture: A phenomenological investigation of vivid experiences Bakir, Dina; Mansour, Yasser; Kamel, Shaimaa; Moustafa, Yasser; Khalil, Marwa H. .............................................................................................................. 67 6 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook City branding through porter's competitive models: investigating El Shorouk City market position Elnably, Mahmoud; Mansour, Yasser; Assem, Ayman; Elsisy, Aya ..................... 68 The sustainable dynamic configuration of architecture Elsayed, A. Gehan ................................................................................................. 69 Evaluating the quality of outdoor environments of primary schools EL-Telwany, Alaa; Gabr, Mohammed; Assem, Ayman; Samir, Tamer ................ 70 Biomimetic architecture as DNA of ecological building skin design Hassan, Alshaimaa Hussein Mohammed .............................................................. 71 Investigating the role of supplier involvement in the design process as an approach for enhancing building maintainability Kamal, Ahmed; Othman, Ayman A. E; Refat, Mostafa ......................................... 72 Assessment of performative materials on architectural envelope Lotfy, Aya; Shams El-Din, Amal ........................................................................... 73 Biomimetic and biophilic design as an approach to innovative sustainable architectural design Makram, Abeer; Abou Ouf, Tarek ........................................................................ 74 Visual pollution: An approach to reduce the environmental impact of light pollution in Egypt Nessim, Ashraf ...................................................................................................... 75 Evidence-based design as a tool for assessing learning environment in the kindergarten classroom Ragy, Marina; Nagy, Gehan; Maguid, Dalya ...................................................... 76 The christianization of ancient Egyptian cosmology Philae in late antiquity Said Abd el-Lateef, Rasha; Mansour, Yasser; Kamel, Shaimaa; Morcos, Ruby .. 77 Biomimicry in architecture: The potential shift from theory to practice Samy, Sara; Nadim, Wafaa; Abdelkader, Morad ................................................. 78 7 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Education .................................................................................................... 79 The relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and creativity in architectural design studio Ebrahim, Naiera; Kamel, Shaimaa M.; Hamza, Tamer S. ................................... 80 Evaluating the architectural designs using machine learning: The case of two modes Elrawy, Omar; El-Khouly, Tamer; Abdallah, Omar ............................................ 81 The possible gaps facing sustainable architecture design training and education in Egypt Farid, Ayman A. .................................................................................................... 82 Improvisation impact on creativity strands in architecture education Hassan, Doaa ........................................................................................................ 83 Tracing the impact of teaching sustainable design on design projects in architectural freshman level Khodeir, Laila; Nessim, Ashraf; Maguid, Dalya .................................................. 84 Biomimetic approaches in architectural design education Omar, Meral; Kamel, Shaimaa; Hassan, Doaa; Abdelmohsen, Sherif ................ 85 People and Environment ........................................................................... 86 The Cittaslow… Applicability in the Egyptian context: The case study of El-Fayoum Abd Elrahman, Ahmed .......................................................................................... 87 Investigating the urban structure of newly planned cities in Egypt: The case study of New Cairo City Abdeldayem, Walid1; El-Khouly, Tamer2 ............................................................. 88 Quality of life and the architecture of low-income neighbourhoods Ahmad, Aliaa; Mansour, Yasser; Gabr, Muhammad; Khalil, Marwa ................. 89 8 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Urban quality of life in gated communities: Comparative case studies in New Cairo City Anwar, Salma; Abd Elrahman, Ahmed S.; El Fayoumi, Mohamed A; Ismail, Ayat1 ............................................................................................................................... 90 Integrating biophilic design principles into pediatric healing environment Ashraf, Alaa; Morcos, Ruby; Khodeir, Laila ........................................................ 91 The wall, an increasing phenomenon in Cairo: Main reasons and potential implications Elnaggar, Yosra; Moustafa, Yasser; Wanas, Ayman ............................................ 92 Towards social quality of life through Cairenes’ public parks Elgobashi, Aya; Elsemary, Yasmeen .................................................................... 93 Critical study of mechanisms for achieving social sustainability in traditional and contemporary urban structures El Dawla, Marwa Kamer; Elsakka, Azza ............................................................. 94 Enhancing occupants well-being through qualitative indoor environments Hafiz, Dalia; Mhatre, Vrushali ............................................................................. 95 Responsive human resource framework for design and building of mega housing development projects in Egypt Khodeir, Laila=; Ibrahim, Mohamed ................................................................... 96 Cultural impact on design of inpatient rooms in pediatric healthcare facilities in Egypt Iskander, Mariam; Sherif, Ahmed; Mansour, Yasser ........................................... 97 The tenacious Cairo: Loquaciousness of voids as a space of belonging Hassan, Moataz Samir Abdelmoniem ................................................................... 98 The psychological effect of Hassan Fathy’s spatial design Labib, Ziad ............................................................................................................ 99 User behaviour scripting: An evidence-based approach to architecture programming, design and review Massoud, Hossam .............................................................................................. 100 9 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook The role of landscape elements in enhancing the quality of human life in Cairo, Egypt Moussa, Rania; Dewidar, Khaled ....................................................................... 101 Street children re-integration as an actor towards social resilience/cohesion: Proposed rehabilitation centre in Magra El-Oyoun Mahmoud, Randa A.; Hamed, Maya .................................................................. 102 The correlation between arts and development: The case of downtown Cairo Raslan, Elaf; Khalifa, Marwa; Elshater, Abeer ................................................. 103 Nightscape in Cairo’s streets: A power to spaces Shawket, Indjy ..................................................................................................... 104 Behavioural pattern of pedestrian negotiation in public spaces Soni, Khushbu; Agrawal, Ritesh; Pikle, Sheetal ................................................. 105 Post-occupancy evaluation of the emergency departments: A holistic approach to promote healthcare architecture design standards Sorrour, Bassant; Farouk, Akram; Refaat, Mostafa........................................... 106 Index........................................................................................................... 107 10 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Preface Contemporary cities are characterised by the concentration of economic activities and intense human interactions. They continuously develop and transform, while impacting the Earth and reflecting the cultural choices adopted by successive generations. The International Conference “Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook” is hosted by the Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, engaging renowned international keynote speakers from the fields of architecture and urban planning. As a prime location for solar and wind resources, Egypt would become a hub for hosting and exchanging innovative initiatives. The conference aims at addressing the challenges of unstoppable urbanization that gravely affect the world’s ecosystems. To become efficiently sustainable and regenerative, buildings and cities need to adopt smart solutions, which are instrumented, interconnected and intelligent. The conference discusses innovations of the built environment while depicting how such practices could transform future buildings and urban areas into places of higher value and quality. This book of abstracts consists of six tracks, namely: Smart Solutions; Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency; Regenerative Design; Inception and Evolution; Education; and People and Environment. The Organizing Committee of Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook AR-UP 2019 Cairo, 2019 11 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Acknowledgements The conference chair, co-chairs and organising committee would like to extend their thanks to the scientific committee members for their constructive recommendations in the reviewing process. They would like to express their gratitude to the sponsors for their valuable contributions. They would also like to extend their appreciation to the authors for their enthusiastic efforts and to everyone who has participated in the progress of this publication. Last but not least, they deeply thank Ain Shams University for giving them a platform to inform audience of the innovative views and interesting arguments in smart architecture and urbanism. 12 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Scientific Committee Abbas El Zafarany, Antje Stokman, Cairo University, Egypt Hafen City University, Germany Ahmed Abdeen, Ashraf Salama, Cairo University, Egypt University of Strathclyde, UK Ahmed Atef, Ayman Wanas, Ain Shams University, Egypt Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Egypt Ahmed Elseragy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Egypt Bashayer Khairy, Ahmed Sherif, Branka Dimitrijevic, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK Ahmed Yousry, Cairo University, Egypt University of East London, UK Alexander Kader, Emad Hegazy, German University of Technology in Oman Ain Shams University, Alexis Pontvik, Florence Rudolf, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden University of Strasbourg, France Amal Abdou, Ain Shams University, Egypt Ain Shams University, Egypt David Tann, Egypt Germin El Gohary, Helwan University, Egypt Guido Borelli, Amr Abdelkawi, University of IUAV Venice, Italy The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt Hala Nassar, Clemson University, USA 13 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Han Verschure, Layeh Malek, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Hanaa Dahy, Maged Ghoneima, University of Stuttgart, Germany Ain Shams University, Egypt Hania Hamdy, Maram Tawil, Helwan University, Egypt German Jordanian University, Jordan Hassan Abdallah, Marwa Khalifa, University of East London, UK Ain Shams University, Egypt Heba Elsharkawy, Matthias Barjenbruch, University of East London, UK Technical University of Berlin, Germany Hidefumi Imura, Moemen Afify, Yokohama City University, Japan Cairo University, Egypt Hisham Elkadi, Morad Abdel Kader, University of Salford, UK Ain Shams University, Egypt Inji Kenawy, Omar Elhosseiny, University of Salford, UK Ain Shams University, Egypt Jan Gehl, Philipp Misselwitz, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Technical University of Berlin, Germany José Luis Moro, Robert R. Hewitt, University of Stuttgart, Germany Clemson University, USA Julio Dávila, Ruby Morcos University College London, UK Ain Shams University, Egypt Khaled Dewidar, Rudolf Schaefer, Ain Shams University, Egypt Technical University of Berlin, Germany Laila Khodeir, Sahar Attia, Ain Shams University, Egypt Cairo University, Egypt 14 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Sahar Sodoudi, Tatiana Morozyuk, Free University of Berlin, Germany Technical University of Berlin, Germany Samer Ezeldin, Waleed El-Khattam, The American University, Egypt Ain Shams University, Egypt Samir Sadek, Werner Lang, Ain Shams University, Egypt Technical University of Munich, Germany Shafak El Wakeel, Yasser Mansour, Ain Shams University, Egypt Ain Shams University, Egypt Sherif Hammad, Yasser Osman, Ain Shams University, Egypt The American University in Cairo, Egypt Soheir Hawas, Yasser Sakr, Cairo University, Egypt Helwan University, Egypt Sura Al-Maiyah, Youhansen Eid, University of Salford, UK Ain Shams University, Egypt Tanja Winkler, Zeinab Shafik, Cairo University, Egypt University of Cape Town, South Africa 15 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Organizing Committee Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt Ayman Ashour (chair) Yasser Mansour (co-chair) Tamer Elkhorazaty (co-chair) Hanan Sabry (conference coordinator) Shaimaa Kamel Ghada Farouk Akram Farouk Mohamed Salheen Mostafa Refat Ahmed Atef Abeer Elshater Ahmed Sami Doaa Hassan Rowaida Rashed Ahmed Khalid Assistants Wesam M. El-bardisy Fatama Fathy Mai Adel Gehad Megahed Esraa El-Marakabey Merna Wael 16 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Authors’ Affiliations AR-UP 2019 Conference has received multi-disciplinary contributions from researchers and academics with diverse affiliations from numerous universities and institutions from around the Globe. A F Ain Shams University, Egypt Alexandria University, Egypt Algeria University of Biskra, Algeria Algeria University of Guelma, Algeria Alnahrain University, Iraq Al-Ghurair University, United Arab Emirates The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt Assuit University, Egypt Fayoum University, Egypt French University of Egypt, Egypt G German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt H Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC), Egypt The Higher Institute of Engineering, Egypt L London South Bank University, UK B Baghdad University, Iraq Benha University, Egypt The British University in Egypt (BUE), Egypt M Mansoura University, Egypt Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy Misr Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Egypt D Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt 17 ©AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Egypt Modern Academy for Engineering & Technology, Egypt T Tanta University, Egypt Thebes University, Egypt TH Köln (University of Applied Sciences), Germany N Notre Dame University in Lebanon, Lebanon U O Umm El Qura University, Saudi Arabia Oman University of Nizwa, Oman V S VIVA School of Architecture, India Sohag University, Egypt Stuttgart University, Germany 18 Smart Solutions 19 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 12 Artificial intelligence shaping sustainable cities for climate change mitigation: A review of literature Abd El-Hameed, Ahmed K. Ain Shams University Among the processes that regulate the stability of the Earth, climate change have crossed the boundary levels. Cities are responsible for high energy consumption, significantly causing climate change with the CO2 emissions they trigger. Beside the growth of populations living in cities globally, the complexity of modern cities and the pressure they place on resources mean that climate change drivers and threats ever increase in concentration. Through integrating established knowledge, design strategies and innovative technologies based on the rapid advancement in artificial intelligence, the fourth industrial revolution offers many opportunities to mitigate climate change. The paper highlights the role of artificial intelligence in mitigating climate change in cities, including applications in transportation, urban energy, water use and waste management. The review proves that these applications can impact city planning through reshaping the urban planning and design of the built environment. The paper also shows that implementing such applications can improve the sustainability of future cities. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; climate change; mitigation; sustainability 20 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 32 School2Share (S2S): A computational approach for the efficient management of shared facilities in Egypt Abdelmohsen, Sherif1; Assem, Ayman1, Ezzeldin, Mohamed1 1 Ain Shams University This paper introduces School2Share, a cloud-based system that utilizes BIM and GIS for the efficient management of shared school facilities. Despite the abundance of schools in developing countries, there remains a significant lack of facilities per school and an underutilization of resources and regulatory mechanisms that are true to children needs. Several efforts have been developed to enhance the management of school facilities in terms of space and asset management, automating labour intensive tasks, and managing campus facilities and curricula, but none address the efficient management of school networks in relation to funding and government agencies, or underprivileged children in need of available and underutilized school facilities. Our approach links data from different stakeholders using BIM and GIS and addresses the efficient management of the integration and sharing of school facilities. We present the system architecture and technology infrastructure of the proposed system and a working prototype for an existing neighbourhood in Cairo, Egypt, demonstrating the main functionalities, workflows and different portals. As our approach incorporates all stakeholders including children, schools, local authorities and funding agencies, we argue that it empowers children to have broader access to community-based education at three hierarchical levels: children-to-school interaction, where children identify school facilities that address their needs in a customized fashion, school-to-school interaction, where shared and round-the-clock activities are facilitated through a comprehensive and realtime networked system, and policies and development, where funding agencies identify schools and communities in need of development through an informed system, and authorities monitor effective use of funding. Keywords: Facility management; geographic information systems; school management systems 21 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 167 How can urban fabrics enhance walkability? Comparative spatial analyses in Cairo Abedo, Mohamed1; Salheen; Mohamed2; Elshater, Abeer2 1 German University in Cairo (GUC); 2Ain Shams University This paper investigates the impact of configurations in the urban fabric on walkability regarding connectivity and global integration. This study aims to examine this effect by comparing street networks in two residential neighbourhoods in Heliopolis and New Cairo. The research methods use DepthMapX and Walk Score to provide relative indicators about distinctive features that enhance the walkability in the case studies. The results show significant differences between the walkability patterns and pedestrians gate counts in case studies. In study areas, the pedestrian gate count, connectivity and global integration give signs about people interactions during the day time significantly. The key findings figure out that the spatial configurations of street networks—that create urban fabric—play a vital role in enhancing the walkability and pedestrians interaction with the environment. The possibility of simulation, to a great extent, can investigate other cases in future research with real situations on the ground. The results confirm that this a worthy choice for the space syntax technique as a predictor in analysing the walking environment. Keywords: DepthMapX; Heliopolis; kinetic perception; space syntax; Walk Score 22 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 88 Architectural heritage between visualization and H-BIM Elbaz, Noran1; Kamel, Shaimaa1; Abdelmohsen, Sherif 1,2 1 Ain Shams University; 2The American University in Cairo (AUC) According to UNESCO, World Heritage is divided into Natural, Cultural, and Underwater Heritage. Cultural Heritage (CH) is divided into two broad categories, tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. The digitization of the architectural heritage was targeted in the last twenty years as an application of the growing digital technology it helped in documenting, preserving and visualizing architectural heritage. Lack of synchronization of a unique and irregular process of preservation leads to a potential of human error and the possibility of redoing some of the work in different phases. A new technological approach was introduced it is the historic building information modelling (H-BIM)- as an application of BIM- in order to translate the heterogeneous datasets that may include CAD, technical reports, historic texts, archival drawings, terrestrial laser scanning, and photogrammetry into model elements. This paper outlines the new capabilities of H-BIM to highlight its importance in cultural heritage preservation through the different phases of documentation, presentation and dissemination. Keywords: H-BIM; historical buildings; heterogenous data 23 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 89 Heritage building information modelling: Towards a new era of interoperability Elbaz, Noran1; Kamel, Shaimaa1; Abdelmohsen, Sherif 1,2 1 Ain Shams University; 2The American University in Cairo University Heritage Building Information Modelling (H-BIM) is an application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the field of documentation, preservation and managing of historic sites. The universal value of cultural heritage made a huge demand on applying such technology in this field, such important value needs an innovative system in data management for the documentation of historical buildings, where a historic building 3D model stands on heterogenous datasets and should be interoperable with different software tools in order to handover the information to several users. The interoperability is defined as the ability of two or more systems to exchange information, data and knowledge. This paper outlines the importance of interoperability in optimizing the usage of data; by reducing wasted time and effort in gathering, translating and integration of data, and how it gives a wider dissemination which allows public users to benefit from the documentation and conservation process for a deeper understanding of heritage sites; outlying and review the case of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, and how the H-BIM could provide a precise restoration documents form; being interoperable with game engines. Keywords: H-BIM; historic buildings; interoperability 24 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 47 Adoption of building information modelling: Comparative roles of major Egyptian architecture, engineering and construction industry stakeholders Elguindy, Rehab1; Ibrahim, Diaa Eldin1; Khodeir, Laila1,2 1 Ain Shams University, 2The British University in Egypt (BUE) The level of support provided for Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption and implementation in a country from both the public and private sector has its peculiarities. Nowadays, BIM has become a widely accepted process used among Egyptian architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry stakeholders, However, Egypt is not a leading country in BIM adoption. Moreover, national reports regarding status of BIM use and the role of stakeholder in BIM adoption are absent. This paper aims to present a comparative analysis of the role of the major Egyptian AEC industry Stakeholders on building information modelling implementation. The exploration is done mainly through, the literature review, where BIM systems in various selected countries were reviewed to highlight the successful practices in this field. In addition to examine the current status of BIM in Egyptian AEC online surveys were sent out to 250 with 62% response rate. Findings of this paper have clearly identified the classification of the key stakeholders in BIM adoption and the roles of both public and private sector in promoting BIM implementation in AEC industry with particular focus on the role of the Governmental sector, Furthermore the current situation of BIM implementation in Egyptian AEC industry from the major stakeholders prospective have been explained. Value of this paper relay on introducing general recommendations for BIM adoption in Egyptian AEC industry based on the successful practices case studies analysis and the contextual situation of BIM adaption in Egyptian AEC industry. Keywords: Building information modelling; key stakeholders; Egyptian AEC; industry stakeholders 25 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 107 Encoding latent properties of hygromorphicthermobimetal composites as a passive mechanism for adaptive building skins El-Dabaa, Rana1; Abdelmohsen, Sherif1, 2; Mansour, Yasser1 1 Ain Shams University; 2The American University in Cairo (AUC) Adaptive facades require complex mechanical systems to control their motion. Programmable materials are increasingly replacing mechanical systems through encoding their latent properties to achieve passive controlled motion response to external stimuli, thus acting as zero energy adaptive systems. This paper introduces HMTM, a hygromorphic-thermobimetal laminated composite composed of wood, an anisotropic material whose mechanical properties vary according to fibre direction, and metal as an isotropic material with uniform linear expansion. The composite acts as an embedded sensor and actuator that initiates passive motion in response to temperature variation in hot climates. Physical experiments were conducted to deduce a grammar for the passive motion of the composite. HMTM motion response was captured, analysed and programmed through a physical digital interface closed loop using image analysis. HMTM grammar encodes two types of parameters: (1) embedded parameters related to latent properties of each of the composite’s materials such as dimensional ratio, grain orientation, thickness, lamination, and expansion coefficient, and (2) control parameters related to composite assembly such as fixation position and area isolation. These parameters collectively affect the output motion response in terms of deflection and motion type through semantic rules that define material configuration. The added value in the paper lies in the mutual benefit of integrating hygroscopic and thermal properties, specifically: (1) the extended actuation of HMTM composite in hot arid climates where temperature variation is dominant, as opposed to humid climates only, and (2) the extended resulting motion configurations such as sliding, rotation and twisting, as opposed to linear configurations. Keywords: Hygroscopic properties of wood; adaptive façades; motion parameters; mi-metals; programmable materials 26 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 124 GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis for social events carried out in urban public spaces Ezzeldin, Mohamed1; Assem, Ayman1 1 Ain Shams University Urban public spaces have been considered as an essential part of cities throughout history and one of the most significant indicators of the quality of urban life. Over the span of urban life, public spaces such as squares, streets, and plazas have continuously reflected the complexities of their cities’ cultural, social, and economic contexts. The social production of a space through different activities that take place when the people are present in the space such as: watching, listening, and experiencing and active and passive participation in the environment that make the space live and dynamic, and transforming the physical space, into a place; that are full of emotions and senses. The concept of an event is widely ranged in types and activities that happens at a given place and time. Social events are mainly connected to the urban public spaces and can take place day or night, limited in time or continuous. This paper introduces a computational approach that utilizes GIS tool as a technology to represent and visualize the spatio-temporal analysis for the different social events carried out in public urban spaces. Using GIS in creating the spatio-temporal analytical maps is clear the definition of public urban spaces and determining their social characteristics which should be considered when constructing the visions of upgrading and development of urban public spaces. Keywords: Spatio-temporal; places; public spaces; social events; GIS 27 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 54 Using smart design barriers to create safe and highquality heritage public spaces Fouda, Mohanad Ali Mohamed Mansoura University Most of the countries all over the world are suffering from terrorist acts in the last two decades. Some of them set regulations to make their public spaces safe against terrorism without negative effect on the quality of these spaces. These regulations also take into consideration the values of the heritage districts, as well as old city centres that might be targeted by terrorist attacks. Egypt has varied heritage sites contains layers of history and values, those heritage sites generated from different civilizations through successive eras. During the past eight years from 2011 to 2019, Egypt has witnessed many violent incidents, terrorist acts due to the political instability period after the 2011 revolution. The terrorism targeted many locations with bombs that aimed policemen, judges, Christians, government officials and their buildings (some of these buildings are classified as listed heritage buildings) that pushed the government to make these sites fortified without taking into consideration the social interactions and the quality of these sites. The research aims to make the heritage public spaces in Egypt able to face the security challenges without negative effect on the quality of these public spaces or cause any negative effects on sociability and the visual image of these heritage spaces and their buildings. The research showed the criteria of achieving the quality of heritage public spaces, the different types of security barriers, the smart design barriers. According to the criteria of the quality heritage public spaces, the research evaluated the current state of El-Abbassi square in Mansoura city that has witnessed a great blast on 24 December 2013, since this date, it became a fortified square, that has a negative impact on the values of square that consider the oldest public space in the city. The results of the evaluation study illustrated that El-Abbassi Square only achieve 49% from the criteria of the quality of heritage public spaces, then the research set a proposal using the smart design barriers that combined the antiterrorism requirements, the needs of public, and the compatible visual appearance with the heritage atmosphere of the square to raise the quality of this space that can be applied on the other heritage public spaces in the other Egyptian cities. Keywords: Heritage squares; anti-terrorism barriers; smart design; quality of heritage public spaces; Mansoura 28 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 144 Innovative methodologies for keeping the authenticity of timber in the heritage realm Hassan, R.1; Ebrahim, G.2; Hassanin, A.1 1 The Higher Institute of Engineering in El Shorouk City; 2Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Timber represents one of the most important materials that shared in producing unique elements in the heritage realm, especially in Egypt in the Islamic Architecture. Despite of being valuable timber doesn’t take a quite enough considerations to keep its authenticity in the plans of the heritage conservation in Egypt; As most of the solutions concerning the conservation of timber are related to the aspects of replacing the elements by typical one or reinforcing them by techniques affecting their feature and authenticity. Meanwhile the global market and the technical laboratories display innovative aspects for conserving timber and keeping its authenticity, especially while referring to the Nano technology. At the same time, the sustainable development optimizes the innovative aspects that could improve the existing methods of conservation and share in the presence of the sustainable maintenance. Thus, this study aims to reach the new trends and aspects of preserving the heritage timber elements in Egypt and re-activate their role without losing the timbers authenticity. Bayt el Suhaymi is used as a case study to raise the status of the heritage timber elements in Egypt and display the forms of deterioration they face, and how the forms of conservation that tackled on timber weaken their feature and authenticity. On the other hand, the new trends of conserving timber was displayed in the current research to estimate the efficiency of using these trends in the heritage buildings especially while preserving the authenticity of timber without ignoring the role of conservation. Keywords: Timber conservation; authenticity; deterioration; efficiency; nano-materials 29 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 161 The absent opportunities in using reinforced concrete with glass fibre as an environmentally friendly structural material Haggag, Azza1; Alsady, Amira1 1 Modern Academy for Engineering & Technology The idea of using reinforced concrete with glass fiber (GRC) is usually associated with exterior cladding materials and decorative works. This material is made of cement as a basic component in addition to glass fibers with some other additives that increase bond strength and improve hardness while contributing to facilitate formation and adjusting the temperature, humidity and sound resistance. Many people may not realize the interconnection between these materials and green architecture, especially with the presence of cement in its components. The aim of this paper is to study how to exploit the capabilities of this material and its specifications in green and sustainable designs. This has been done through a methodology that begins by studying the properties of these materials in terms of raw materials, production methods, installation options and recycling capacity. So that their effectiveness can be assessed as an alternative to external walls, cladding or barriers, especially in new cities that usually have distinctive designs and need to integrate with the external environment to improve their overall efficiency and achieve sustainable design and rise the living quality as general. The methodology ends by presenting an innovative GRC product which could be a starting point for many productive ideas in this field and help for further exploitation of the capabilities of this material. Keywords: GRC; technical specifications; MARMOX applications; green architecture 30 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 162 Applying swarm intelligence in architectural design Magdy, Hagar1; Eldaly, Hazem1 1 Ain Shams University During the previous decade, many of architectural design movements are based upon applying computer algorithms. Swarm intelligence represents one of these algorithms, but it is less common to architects. Merging between computer science and flocking in nature through swarm intelligence results in fruitful applications in architecture. Based on flocking of ants, birds, and fish with the environment, architects can have unpredictable ideas to achieve their design visions. Swarm intelligence can be applied in architecture in form finding, urban design, user’s circulations and structures. In this research, three different methods for applying swarm intelligence in architectural design are proposed. This research discloses these applications as a guide for designers. Through analysing the swarm intelligence with their different types, and examples in architecture, different directions in their applications are proposed. These directions are classified as, set an aim, self-learning, and achieving final form. Keywords: Swarm intelligence; architectural design; computational design 31 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 164 BIM-based framework to enhance facility management performance in educational existing buildings Marco, Martina1; Nagy, Gehan1; Maguid, Dalya1 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE) In Egypt as a developing country, many buildings have been built without any consideration to facility management of the buildings at its operation where that gives a bad impact to the maintenance operation, and building lifecycle. Where it effects the cost and time of the building during operation. Therefore all the existing buildings needs to adapt on them facility management. As well as the successful management depends on the right decision for building maintenance, which requires integration of various types of information and knowledge such as maintenance records about building materials and equipment, where inexistence these information causes significant costs due to ineffective decisions or delays until finding this information. BIM is a technology where it helps in success the facility management as it can provide automatic scheduling that considers maintenance factors, namely, problem type, emergency level, distance among components, and location. Where it enhances good decision making in facility management maintenance. This research aims to develop a framework using BIM technology in existing educational buildings to help the manager in decision making where time and cost reduction can be produced by applying facility management strategy. Where this research involves criteria or matrix to analysis international educational existing building describes the steps that had been produced for adaptation BIM technology as well as empirical case study building H of BUE has been adapted on it that frame work. Keywords: Building information modelling; facility management; building management; IFC, COBie; BIM dimensions; LOD 32 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 25 Statistical management to improve the upcoming projects performance as a building technology strategy Meselhy, Mohamed Fayoum University In an attempt to overcome the quality level in our upcoming projects to meet our needs and culture mainly to apply the building technology development on the local level. The research analyses the statistical method and how can apply it in the construction industry. Hence, the research attempt to rectify the pre-design stage of the projects by activates the statistical management as an effective tool to improve the upcoming projects. This initiative improves several aspects in construction industry. For instance, the building technology aspects and the unstable economic condition in the construction process from anther side. It was important to create a new fruitful and healthy construction environment through a great upcoming construction projects. It was a necessary to establish a new Legislation to obligate all the stakeholders in the construction industry to use and consider the statistical management initiatives. This statistical management improves the performance for upcoming projects. This research discusses the statistical tools. These tools are graphical and statistical tools which are most often used in QC for continuous improvement. They are applicable for improvements in all dimensions of the construction industry. This research analyses and focuses on the six sigma initiatives as a statistical indicator in the projects performance and it has a significant meaningful in a statistical management. The research aims to model new policies based on statistical management. The contribution take a scientific path starting with theoretical and analytical studies which discusses Six Sigma Framework and the expected value approach. Through, the applied study, the results present and measure the pilot case studies by statistical management. The main findings conclude that that outlining what it covered and present its recommendations. Keywords: Statistical management; Sig Sigma; upcoming projects; expected value and quality control 33 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 33 Smart city approach: Tools and components Rizko, Nawfal1; Talib, Mohammed1 1 Alnahrain University Smart city is a developed urban area that produces a sustainable economic development and creates an optimal place for people to live by increasing the quality of life through high enhancement of the both components of the city. This research explained some of the prominent variables facing most cities in world, in term of challenges of the natural environment, built environment, mobility and socioeconomic features that slow down the wheel of development toward achieving a better life for inhabitants. Much of these problems and challenges can be solved by draw up a policy to develop the city based on principles of major world’s smart cities. This research also developed a scientific approach to explain smart city concept, clarified the benefits of applying this model of cities, also suggested a new “array” of the dominant components of smart cities and which of those components are recommended and implemented in four ranked smarter cities in the world. Keywords: Sustainability; mobility; smart technology 34 © AR-UP 2019 Smart Solutions Paper 55 Thermal performance enhancement for building envelope based on biomimetic optimization algorithms Salah, Wael Mansour Abdelrahman Benha University Building envelope is the defence line of indoor environment in the inevitable confrontation with the outdoor environment. It has various functions which effect on the whole building. Energy utilization in buildings is affected by many characteristics of building envelope; one of the most important aspects is the thermal performance. It is essential to use technological tools and applications for both predicting and enhancing the thermal performance of building envelope. On the other hand, a review of related researches findings from the field of environmental psychology shows that humans are aesthetically attracted to natural contents in terms of biophilia. These features are also found to have positive effects on human functioning. However, opportunities for contact with these elements are reduced in architectural practice. Biomimetic optimization algorithms could be used as an integrating key which is based on biophilic design and heuristic algorithms through biomimicry applications. The research seeks to create architectural design strategy based on biophilic concept, biomimicry applications, thermal simulation and heuristic algorithms as a computational tool through a parametric design of building envelope to control the indoor environment qualities of buildings by controlling thermal performance of building envelope. At the end of the research, a proposed building envelope is presented and discussed for enhancing thermal performance. Keywords: Thermal performance; building envelope; energy simulation; biomimetic algorithms; optimization 35 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency 36 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 16 Retrofit as means for reaching net-zero energy residential housing in Greater Cairo Adly, Bassent1; Sabry, Hanan1; Faggal, Ahmed1; Abd Elrazik, Mahmoud2 1 Ain Shams University; 2Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC) The net-zero energy building (NZEB) concept is the future international goal for saving energy. It has led .to many countries implementing policies designed to target efficient built environment In Egypt, the built environment consumes more than 70.1% of total sold energy, with; the residential sector consuming 54.9%. According to the Egypt’s annual electricity report, "the increase in the rate of sold energy of the residential sector, in comparison with industry and other purposes, is a result of the expansion of residential compounds and new communities”. This paper introduces the concept of retrofitting existing residential gated communities to achieve zero-energy residential community (ZEC), and discusses the integration of two strategies: energy efficiency retrofitting techniques to reduce energy demand, and renewable energy systems to generate sufficient energy, resulting in nearly zero energy consumption on an annual basis. Design builder is used to analyse the feasibility of integrating these two strategies in a single family house, in a residential gated community in the eastern part of Greater Cairo. The simulation goes through two stages. The first stage, which itself consists of three phases is focused on the building scale. During this stage, energy efficiency retrofitting techniques are investigated, and renewable energy (PV panels) is integrated. The second stage is focused on the community scale, and involves applying the results on the whole residential community. The results achieved a reduction of 88.68% in energy consumption for the whole compound, and proved that (NZEB) could be met by applying the two strategies. Moreover, a significant reduction in energy is shown when applying (NZEB) retrofit on a community scale. Keywords: Retrofitting gated community; net zero energy building; NZEB; zero energy community; ZEC; energy efficiency; renewable energy 37 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 34 The effect of using renewable energy in sustainable cities in Iraq on its environmental image Al Mudares1, Khalid; Alwan, Huda2 1 Al Nahrain University; 2Baghdad University Fossil energy production and rising urban population besides increased energy consumption represents a major problem facing mankind. This research is concerned about fossil fuel energy production and its negative climatic impacts like (global warming and climate change), and trying to seek clean energy from renewable sources. The absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework exploring the affordable renewable energy resources and their potential usage in future Iraqi cities in addition to their impacts on developing a new environmental image for these cities constitutes the main research problem. The aim of the research is to determine the main needed strategies to transform from fossil fuel cities to sustainable cities in Iraq depending on the available renewable sources like solar energy and biomass and extract the future image of these cities in the future sustainable urban planning, this can be done by using descriptive and analytical mythology. Keywords: sustainable cities; fossil fuel; renewable energy; environmental image of the city 38 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 63 Promoting green architecture practice in Egypt Anber, Maha Misr Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (MET) Global environmental pollution, climate change and energy crisis have been recognized as international challenges facing all countries of the world. These challenges should be a matter of concern for decision makers in all associated fields. Building sector consumes a great amount of the total delivered energy worldwide which makes it an important issue to reduce energy use in buildings in order to reduce the environmental impact associated with excessive energy consumption and to reduce energy costs. Reducing energy consumption must consistently avoid the compromise in providing building occupants with the adequate indoor environment. The paper presented green architecture practices as a suggested strategy towards facing environmental pollution caused by greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, and energy crisis challenges and mitigating negative environmental impacts. It overviewed some green architecture practices in Egypt which are remarkably limited practices that do not have implications on the enormous energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated to the buildings sector in Egypt. The paper investigated the lack of spread of green architecture practice in Egypt as it is considered a potential strategy for to optimize energy consumption and control negative environmental effects caused by buildings. The paper found out that the limited number of green buildings in Egypt was because of multiple factors, some of them are awareness, economic challenges, technological challenges and other factors. It identified some methods of promoting green architecture practices in Egypt on different levels, the governmental laws and regulations level and the level of architects, engineers and stakeholders. It presented incentives plan targeting the promotion of green architecture practice in Egypt which correspond to the Egyptian context. The novelty of the research lies in providing an incentives plan to promote green construction in Egypt that could make a great contribution to solving energy crisis and mitigating the negative environmental impacts. Keywords: Green architecture; energy consumption; incentives; green architecture practice 39 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 126 Impact of orientation on energy consumption of governmental housing case study of ‘Sakan Misr’ Eisa, Abeer1; Steit, Mohamed1 Ain Shams University Orientation selection is of the early design decisions that are unrecoverable later in the building lifetime. Hence, it should be well considered, particularly in housing projects whose number of units are foldable and relevant design decisions are hence influential. Therefore, this research aimed at quantifying orientation impact on energy consumption and investigating some relevant measures that may impact orientation influence. The current study methodology is based on dynamic simulation modelling of energy consumption for different orientations, code-compliant walls for most consuming orientations and nearby buildings’ setbacks, as factors affecting orientation influence. The significance of the study lies in quantifying orientation impact on energy consumption to better consider it in residential units selection, envelope improving and/ or units pricing. Keywords: Energy efficiency; orientation; governmental housing 40 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 49 Performance strategies for reducing energy consumption of buildings and related greenhouse gas emissions: A review Elbellahy, Shukri Misr Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology As population growth continues and economic growth rates increase in the world, global demand for primary energy will continue to grow by up to 50% by the middle of this century; at least 80% of this increase is expected to come from developing countries. As a part of the whole, Energy demand is also increasing for the construction and operation of the buildings, driven by improved access to energy in developing countries, greater ownership, and use of energy-consuming appliances, and rapid growth in global buildings floor area. Therefore reduction of energy consumption, and related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), especially in the building sector has become global problems need to expend great efforts to develop applicable solutions. In this context, this review article aims to review and discuss the strategies performance of reducing the buildings energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions. This research concluded that the world currently depends on three strategies to achieve a significant reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions related to the building sector activities. These strategies are the continuous improvement of the energy performance of the building envelope components, improving the performance of the buildings operation systems, as well as supply buildings with renewable energy sources. Finally, to achieve widespread success in the implementation of these strategies to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions depend on improving the financial and technical abilities of all developing countries. Keywords: Building envelope efficiency; zero emission building; renewable energy sources; smart building technologies 41 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 3 Investigating urban heat islands phenomenon in residential areas of Cairo: The morphological impact Elmarakby, Esraa1; Khalifa, Marwa1; Elshater, Abeer1; Afifi, Samy1 1 Ain Shams University Urbanisation is a process associated with the global industrial and technological development. Globally, this process causes a continuous change of the land cover and increases the urban areas. Scholars from various disciplines address these changes that affect the global climatic system, micro-climate and the environment. Urban heat island (UHI) is considered as one of the climatic change phenomena which are associated with the urbanisation process. This phenomenon increases the air temperature in the urban areas compared by the surrounding rural ones. This makes up for the problem of overlook the local scale analysis of the UHI and focuses on the mesoscale. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the urban structures in residential areas of Cairo and the UHI. The research methods use remote sensing techniques and field monitoring devices to catch the variances in the air temperature. The key finding figured out the importance of considering the configuration of urban patterns in development plans. Future research in studying the phenomenon is needed for addressing the exact effect of each urban morphology parameters on UHI and analysing the spatial and temporal distribution of the phenomenon throughout various periods of the different the seasons. Keywords: Climatic change; geographic information system; GIS; remote sensing; UHI 42 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 48 Integrating passive design strategies and energy generation systems for net plus energy housing in Egypt Hamza, Hussein1; Ashour, Mohamed Ayman1; Sabry, Hanan Mostafa1, Ismail, Mostafa Refaat1 1 Ain Shams University Global risks and challenges concerning climatic change, resource depletion and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly obvious. Egypt has recently suffered from fuel shortages combined with rising electricity costs and growing demand for energy. With the residential sector responsible for 50% of the national electricity consumption, net zero and net plus energy buildings are becoming high priority. This paper investigates the combination of passive design strategies and energy generation systems to achieve compromises between the heating, cooling, lighting, domestic hot water and plug load requirements. The aim of this study is to achieve a balance, on an annual basis, between the energy consumption and production to reach net plus energy house design. A three-bedroom apartment located in three different climatic zones in Egypt has been selected as a case-study. These relevant locations are; Cairo, Alexandria and Aswan. IES-VE software is used for energy simulation analysis. Results indicate that the significance for applying these strategies are not the same for all climatic conditions. Theoretically, it was found possible to achieve net Plus-Energy housing in Egypt where the energy production from PV cells array exceeded the total annual primary energy consumption. Area needed for PV array system in this case-study reached 145 m2. Although roof may not provide sufficient space to cover consumptions for all units, additional spaces can be provided on building façades as well as parts of a community renewable-energy supply system, thus moving steps forward from net zero energy balance towards plus energy performance. Keywords: Net zero energy building (nZEB); net plus-energy building (nPEB); renewable energy; residential; dynamic thermal simulation; coastal cities 43 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 102 Effect of external walls design on reducing energy consumption of buildings in Upper Egypt using BIM Mohamed, Fatma1; El-Hefnawy, Mohamed2; Mahmoud; Nawal1 1 Sohag University; 2Assuit University Buildings consume a large amount of energy while operating. The energy consumed in the cooling occupies the first place, especially in arid environments. The building envelope components controls in the thermal transfer between the interior and exterior environment. Therefore, interesting in this envelope and its design to suit the environment in which it works to be an integral part of the strategies for reducing the building energy. The research aims to study the effect of different alternatives of wall design on the energy consumption of the building. Through a theoretical study of the various alternatives that can be applied to the external walls of the building, and then applying these alternatives on one of the student housing building at New Sohag University in Alkwamel zone as an example of hot areas using the integration of BIM systems for modelling and simulating the building. The search proved that the double-wall system is the most effective treatment among walls different treatment, science it reduces energy by almost 25.5% Keywords: Energy consumption; design of external walls; BIM; Egypt 44 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 11 The effect of courtyard ratio on energy consumption and thermal comfort in a primary governmental school in New Assiut City, Egypt Mohammed Abd El-Samea, Ahmed1; Sayed Hassan Abdallah, Amr1; Mohammed Hassan, Nouby1 1 Assiut University The building and spaces design have a great impact on indoor temperature and energy consumption. In Egypt, the general authority of educational buildings (GAEB), which is responsible for designing schools, uses the same typical prototypes across the country despite the diversity of climatic conditions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of courtyard ratio (H/W) on student thermal comfort and school annual energy consumption in order to find out the optimum ratio for school courtyard in one of the typical governmental schools with an E shaped design. A building simulation model was created using Design Builder software. The model was calibrated using actual measured weather data for the year 2014. A simulation study was carried out for twenty different design scenarios. Two stages for the simulation was performed; first stage studied the effect of courtyard ratio (H/W) on indoor thermal comfort while using natural ventilation, the second stage studied the influence of using HVAC inside school classrooms on the annual energy consumption. The results showed that high change happened for annual energy consumption when changing the courtyard width from 10 to 5 meters and less change happens when changing the width from 15 to 10 meters. The lowest rate of energy consumption is achieved for courtyard ratio equals 1.5 with annual energy consumption equals 13.5 kWh/m2/year. There is significant change in PMV values from 5 m courtyard width to 10 m courtyard, while no change is observed in case of 15, 20, 25metre-courtyard width. Keywords: Energy consumption; thermal comfort; schools; building simulation; desert climate 45 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 160 Impact of using semi-transparent photovoltaics on energy saving in office buildings in Egypt Nageeb, Rana1; Kamal, Amal1; Atef, Ahmed1 1 Ain Shams University This research presents semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) as a substitution of glass material in office building facades. Integrating STPV in transparent parts of facades has a major impact on improving indoor thermal performance. It has a high potentiality to reduce solar heat gain thus reducing cooling loads. Due to the extensive utilization of mechanical methods in achieving indoor thermal comfort especially after modern architecture movement that led Egypt to the current energy crisis, it became trigger for STPV to be integrated in office building facades in Egypt’s climate where cooling loads are dominant over almost the whole year. In this paper, an assessment of thermal performance of STPV integrated in office building facades is conducted through computer simulation by using Design Builder software. Thermal performance of STPV is investigated through different parameters to find the efficient design of STPV that can achieve the efficient indoor thermal performance. These parameters are window to wall ratio WWR and visible light transmittance VLT with taking into account the impact of using lighting control system. Results showed that integration of STPV with the lowest visible light transmittance (VLT=10%) and the highest window to wall ratio (WWR=100) can accomplish the highest cooling savings compared with tinted glass. Keywords: Semi-transparent photovoltaic; thermal performance; solar heat gain; office buildings 46 © AR-UP 2019 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Paper 113 Mediterranean Sea vs energy landscape: Atlantropa and the Qattara Depression of Egypt Penna, Cristiana Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria Nowadays, the Mediterranean Sea prefigures as invisibles electric's network. In this contemporary climate dystopia the country mainly in risky is Egypt, on one hand because the unstoppable phenomenon of rising sea water which threatens the shores of the Nile Delta and on the other one, because the Aswan’s Dam is not easily support anymore the ever increasing country demand for electricity. Context, for which the project for the Qattara Depression of Egypt by Herman Sörgel became again a subject matter of research. This research tackles the sphere of that macro-engineering projects expressing the experiments of formal structuring of this geographical scale and whose activity is strictly tied today to the problems of the future such as clean energy supply and climate change. In 1929 the German architect Herman Sörgel designed Atlantropa project as new Euro-African Continent, in which the Mediterranean’s Straits and Qattara Depression of Egypt assumes strategic value in terms of territorial continuity and energy supply. He imagined a new reality shoring up on the Mediterranean’s visible and invisible morphological depressions as well as melded its liquid matter, on one side through territorial engraving actions on Africa and on the other one, by evaporation actions on the Mediterranean’s Straits. Scenario, which is intensifying the innate dynamism of the Basin changing it in unique hydroelectric power station able to support energetically the all continental, needs. The Qattara Depression in Egypt is the deepest natural morphological depression of the African Continent, beside it represents a historical macroengineering project. Considering that the utilization of the Qattara Depression to produce energy was first suggested by the geographers between 1927 and 1929. A project which it was re-proposed by Prof. ElKassas in 1968 and recently commented also by the geographer Prof. Cathcart in relation to the defence of the Nile River Delta and the Mediterranean countries from the sea inundation. Keywords: Flooding; Mediterranean Sea; energy; Qattara Depression; landscape 47 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design 48 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 168 Resuscitation of the mundane: Urban catalysts as tools to revitalise industrial heritage in Alexandria Abouelfadl, Hebatalla Alexandria University Industry has been part of the evolution of some cities contributing to its transformation. Buildings remaining from some industries which have ceased to exist or have declined or were relocated are left to deteriorate and decay turning into problematic areas in the city hosting informalities and crime. UNESCO has defined industrial heritage as grandiose constructions, testifying the creative genius of humankind. Those areas are actually struggling to survive, especially in developing countries, like Egypt, where important aesthetically pleasing heritage buildings are already facing demolition and thus those industrial heritage buildings that are kind of mundane face a huge struggle to keep being alive. Industrial heritage revitalization projects would need great efforts to ignite and turn into liveable areas, and so urban catalysts are needed to help those ignition phases. Urban Catalysts are considered new redevelopment strategies and activity generators- which could drive and guide urban development and increase the number of users in the area generating social and economic activities. The paper tackles these urban catalysts as tools in the development projects by analysing a number of examples and concluding some criteria for those catalysts that can guide revitalization of industrial heritage areas. Alexandria City has been witnessing a wave of huge development projects one of which is coverage of the main canal that used to bring fresh water to the city and changing it into a highway. The sensitivity of the heritage area and its huge buildings needs to be tackled in a creative way so as to be successful. The paper tackles this area which has great potential for redevelopment and apply those criteria driven from the theoretical and analytical part of the paper on it to help formulate the strategy for revitalization of this area. The paper concludes with a proposal to revitalize the case study area by introducing activities related to youth after adapting one of the industrial buildings into an aquarium acting as an urban catalyst providing the area with local and international recognition. Stakeholder list is introduced along with a proposal of funding the revitalization project. Keywords: Industrial heritage; urban catalysts; revitalization projects; coastal cities 49 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 24 Historic urban landscape approach for the regeneration of historic coastal cities: The case of Rosetta, Egypt Adam, Sara1; Khalifa, Marwa1; Attia, Amr1 1 Ain Shams University The concept of historic urban landscape (HUL) was introduced as the latest UNESCO approach considering the ongoing debate around the identification, preservation and valorization of cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potentials of this approach for the regeneration of Rosetta City in Egypt. This paper attempts to develop a comprehensive framework to finalize and perfect the existing plans. Rosetta city is known for its rich tangible and intangible cultural values and its unique coastal position that acquires an effective innovative approach to urban regeneration to direct future polices for the coastal city. The paper initially begins with brief overview of regeneration policies and precedent heritage conservation theories elucidating their transformation from place to people oriented approaches. Followed by, the rational of potency of HUL approach then, it demonstrates the different stances towards HUL approach from past best practices case studies in order to learn from their experience. Consequently, the paper attempts to apply and transfer the knowledge gained in the processes of regeneration of the city of Rosetta. Finally, this paper concludes that HUL seeks a balance between different dimensions through the maintenance of the human capital, the improvement of the efficiency of urban spaces, integrating the objectives of conservation of urban heritage with socio-economic development. Foremost, it explored the operation of (HUL) in the Egyptian context; promoting the mindset shift and revolutionized method mandatory by HUL approach presenting a constructive initial step in the HUL journey. Keywords: Historic urban landscape; historic coastal cities; regeneration 50 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 8 Towards Muscat Governorate development: A prospective urban approach to re-design old Al-Seeb area Al-Kazee, Mohamed Faisa1; Al-Sobhi, Roba1; Al-Maamar, Saja1; Al-Nairi, Siham1 1 Oman University of Nizwa The recent decades have witnessed a rise in the demand for architecture solutions particularly in terms of urban planning and design solutions. At present, the development of urban areas is one of the most demanding trends that rapidly raised all over the world. Such a trend should be guided in a proper way to realize effective solutions and deliver sustainable environments. Under those circumstances, the majority of architecture schools and institutes are in massive competition to provide real case studies that would reach those innovative solutions. In this context, there are different approaches and required skills to handle real projects and meet the rising demands in urban design and planning domain. This research aims to present the concept of re-design major urban area in Muscat Governorate from an academic perspective. The process started from a case study and analysis followed by program development and proper site selection in Al-Seeb area. The second stage of this process was the conceptual and initial scheme of the site followed by several stages of development to deliver the final scheme and project presentation. The design of the method was built to generate diagrams associated with each factor of the urban principles. In so doing, all the generated diagrams could be composed together to pave the road to the re-design realization. In other words, it was an accumulative manner to deliver the final site conception. The process started from the urban sector analysis and the connection to the neighbourhood. Moreover, the circulation system, main zoning, land use patterns and the distribution of the major functions were also considered in the new design proposal. In essence, it was aimed to cover five stages of advanced urban design practice. The existed situation, movement system, land use, space planning, and design concept. Those factors were analysed and re-designed according to the newly built-up area, heights, levels, nodes, landmarks, scale, and proportions. Findings of this research highlight the importance of implementing proper urban design principles and rules. In brief, the paper presents a pedagogical approach that aimed to improve our students' skills in such educational domains. Keywords: Urban design; development, solutions 51 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 21 The adaptive re-use of historical Wakalahs as one of economic development sectors in Historic Cairo, AlGamalia Street Arab, Hadeer1; Elborombaly, Hossam Eldin1; Maarouf, Dina1 1 Ain Shams University This research studies the best economic exploitation and the positive impact of the adaptive re-use proposal on the historic district which studies Raising the standard of living of the residents of the area, and providing job opportunities for young people as well as the required tourism activity in historical areas of value, these economic returns have the greatest impact on the national economy. Many historical buildings in old Cairo are often not well re-used and seem to be of little help to the people of those surrounding areas, although they are the primary stakeholders for their direct coexistence with these heritage monuments. This research aims to achieve the social and economic development of the historical areas. The research is concerned with the study of Al Gamalia Street, it studies the adaptive re-use of historical Wakalahs and proposes appropriate uses that do not harm the monuments and well serving the community. The research is conducted in three stages: First stage is identifying the problems and needs of the people in Al Gamalia through interviews and discussions, Second stage is presenting the proposals and the third stage is a survey of the opinions of the people in the region about those proposals. The research recommends a proposal for the best adaptive reuse that benefits directly with the participation of the people in Al-Gamalia. Keywords: Adaptive re-use; community development; historical Wakalahs; economic returns; monument preservation 52 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 58 Optimal planning, sizing and scheduling of trigeneration systems Atef, Mohamed1; Elbanhawy, Amr1; Abo El-Nasr, Mahmoud1 1 Ain Shams University Trigeneration energy systems have gathered considerable attention from energy specialists and economists. When adequately designed, trigeneration systems reduce the overall cost of energy production and lower the carbon footprint for every energy unit generated. However, their implementation in the buildings’ industry faced many obstacles such as the inefficient sizing of their capacities, and their sub-optimal operational scheduling, which have led to high investment and operational costs compared to conventional systems. Many approaches have optimized sizing only, scheduling only and planning only without taking an overall view of the whole system throughout the project’s lifetime. Moreover, formulating the objective function hasn’t included the four key performance indicators (KPIs) combined (annualized total cost saving ratio (ATCSR), exergy efficiency (EXEff), fuel saving ratio (FSR) and carbon dioxide reduction ratio (CO2RR) except for few papers. On the contrary, this paper presents a decision-making tool for optimal planning, sizing and scheduling of trigeneration systems combined throughout the project lifetime with an objective function that includes the Four KPIs to guarantee goal-oriented optimization from all aspects of sustainable generation. Applying the energy hub concept under the constraints of maximizing a formulated combined efficiency that contains ATCSR, EXEff, FSR and CO2RR using a weighing factor method. This is made by comparing each indicator to a conventional system. Results showed that the combined efficiency (CE) of the CCHP system is 22.36% with a Net present value (NPV) of 815,340 $. These results assure the importance of using part load models in future studies to guarantee more accuracy. Keyword: Part load; simple model; trigeneration; CCHP; optimization 53 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 157 Investigating the role of strategic crisis management towards disaster-resilient design in Egyptian architectural design firms Esmat, Mirette1; Othman, Ayman1; El Saay, Heba1 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE) Egypt is privileged with its bordering coastal regions encompassing its Northern and Eastern directions. Yet, it led to its ranking as the third most vulnerable coastal area globally owing to the sea-level rise (SLR) triggered by climate change. Therefore, the need to consider such potential impacts within future developments is essential. Subsequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the results of a survey questionnaire, distributed amongst a sample of Architectural Design Firms (ADFs) in Egypt, that investigated their level of perception and implementation regarding strategic crisis management (CM), as a catalyst for the development of disasterresiliency. Furthermore, this aim was attained through a methodology comprising of a literature review which presented a comprehensive background concerning the four main pillars of the research: (1) Crisis/ disaster & hazards, (2) climate change and its Impact on Coastal Areas, (3) Resiliency through Architectural Design and (4) Crisis management and disaster risk reduction. Moreover, analysing the data extracted from the survey questionnaire. Consequently, the results from the survey questionnaire demonstrated that the percentage of the ADFs in Egypt which implement strategic CM within their organization is exceedingly below the acceptable level. Additionally, demonstrating an absence of provisional adoption of resilient design standards within their practice. Conclusively, this research serves as a primary step towards promoting the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic CM within ADFs, through emphasizing the role of architects regarding the development of disaster-resilient design standards which would further aid in mitigating the potential hazards targeting coastal areas in Egypt. Keywords: Strategic crisis management; disaster-resiliency; architectural design firms; climate change; coastal areas; vulnerability 54 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 72 Seasonal cities: Temporal changes in urban metabolism Estrada, Mauricio University of Stuttgart Cities have been studied as places which follow a one-directional development, either growing or shrinking. This understanding is reflected both in urban planning as well as in urban metabolism studies. However, are there not conditions in-between? This paper explores seasonal urban changes resulting from the interplay between ecological and socio-economic systems, and their reflection in cities’ material flows. Quantitative as well as qualitative aspects were incorporated into this exploration through mixed research methods in order to develop a more accurate panorama in terms of the role of social dynamics as driving forces in the temporal alteration of urban metabolism. This phenomenon was not detected through academic papers but through case studies, for which the temporal urban change faced by Alexandria, Egypt every summer was chosen. This selection was based on the dramatic population increase which results in a seasonal demand overload of utilities associated with several forms of occupancy. Three services were evaluated: water, electricity, and solid waste. Presumably, Alexandria does not foresee this change, as these utilities present shortages every summertime. The higher temporal demand of ecosystem services and the quality of their hinterlands to provide to Alexandrians and visitors were assessed. Additionally, perceptions and figures from were evaluated: water, electricity, and solid waste. Presumably, Alexandria does not foresee from different sources were contrasted in order to prove their accuracy. Results showed a permanently low capacity in the city’s infrastructure to supply utilities, which summer makes more visible. Urban metabolism beyond an abstract concept of material quantification, is also a reaction process to social patterns of demand and consumption of resources. Keywords: Consumption patterns; seasonal population change; urban metabolism; coastal cities 55 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 155 Aspects of regenerative cities Fayed, Lina1; Elshater, Abeer2; Rashed, Rowaida2 1 German University in Cairo (GUC), 2Ain Shams University A regenerative vision is mainly about ensuring that future generations inherit a robust and intact world, in which individuals can fully realise their human potential. Regenerative cities provide all residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life. Modern cities continue to offer individuals the prospect of improved quality of life and the ability to realise their potential and aspirations. Scholars from various disciplines mention that cities can recognize and embrace their role in ensuring that the Earth’s support systems remain healthy and sound. The aim of the current study is to provide concepts that go beyond the ambiguous notion of sustainability toward regenerative urban development. The objective is to improve the currently degraded condition of our ecosystems. This contemporary concept provides a better understanding of how modern cities work. The results show the possibilities such cities have to shift from being extractive to regenerative. The concluding remarks show that cities can once again allow the human society to live within local, regional and global ecosystem boundaries. Keywords: Regenerative city; sustainability; restorative relation; ecological footprint; ecopolis; Copenhagen 56 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 43 Copenhagen: A model for regenerative cities Fayed, Lina1; Elshater, Abeer2; Rashed, Rowaida2 1 German University in Cairo (GUC), 2Ain Shams University Nowadays, the planning process of cities and the retrofitting of existing ones need to undergo a complete paradigm shift. This shift focuses on the urban metabolism of cities that should be transformed from their current inefficient and wasteful operating systems into regenerative resource-efficient ones. In this regard, cities should start harnessing new opportunities in financial, technological, political and business practices. This research aims to study, as an example, the transformation that Copenhagen went through so as to overcome the urban and environmental degraded situation at the end of the 20th century; ultimately becoming the model of regenerative cities. This work studies the strategies and initiatives that Copenhagen adopted and explores the city’s situation before adopting green and sustainable urban strategies: such strategies that examine the city’s resources and the effects on the city’s ecological footprint, as well as the implications on health problems and resource consumption in the long term. The concluding remarks, regarding strategies of regenerative urban development, are investigated with an analytical overview. The results, so far, show the relation with the goals, focusing on the efficient consumption of resources and thus, achieving a lower ecological footprint. These replicable results benefit from applying initiatives and strategies of regenerative cities and their related concepts, which deal with resilience, as well as environmental, economic and social aspects. Keywords: Restorative relations; ecosystems; ecological footprint; biocapacity 57 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 110 Adaptive reuse as a revitalization tool for capital cities: The case of Downtown Cairo post-relocation of governmental buildings to the New Administrative Capital Hassan, Nada1; Khalifa, Marwa1; Hamhaber, Johannes3 1 Ain Shams University; 2TH Köln (University of Applied Sciences) Although Egypt has several experiences in building new satellite cites, the case of the New Administrative Capital is different in having a direct effect on Cairo as it’s relocating a major function, its administrative centre. Accordingly, this new development should be planned and implemented with a holistic approach including how to revitalize Cairo and re-establish it as the cultural and historic capital of Egypt. As announced by the government, the first phase included the relocation of the Egyptian Parliament and all ministries from Cairo and Giza to their new headquarters at the administrative capital. This research focuses on the effects of adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings on their neighbourhoods and collectively on the city. The studied case is the governmental buildings as an abandoned in Downtown Cairo due to the relocation to the New Administrative Capital through categorizing government strategies, mapping buildings with planned reuse if available, and assessing planned government reuse through conducting interviews with involved government officials. Keywords: Adaptive reuse; urban revitalization; purpose-built capitals; Downtown Cairo 58 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 122 The last train traces in Beirut: Towards an ecological urbanism perspective Hindi, Nadine Notre Dame University in Lebanon The last train journeys tying Damascus to Beirut stopped operating gradually during the Lebanese civil war. While many parts of the railway were subjected to vandalism by militiamen, the last section in Beirut still keeps tangible fragments. It is with a renewed perspective that this last railway segment adjacent to the Mar Mikhayel train station is studied. The train track cutting through a rather underprivileged residential Armenian settlement in Badawi neighbourhood, represents a terrain vague, where informal greenery wildly established itself along the railway, over decades of abandonment. This neglected space undergoes a different urban metabolism, in tandem between the dual informalities of both the social and natural appropriations. The paper problematic outlook doesn’t consider the natural recovery phenomenon as a threat, but rather as an opportunity for thinking paradigms for urban regeneration. While this is not a new idea in rethinking from the perspective of ecological urbanism, it presents a real situation for understanding new flows between human existence and the natural recovery phenomenon in urban settings. In this case study, Google Earth maps serve as a main tool in mapping the growth of greenery over time and the study of the social practices informality reveals a realistic first hand depiction of this urban landscape. Though this paper doesn’t claim to offer an urban solution for similar landscapes, it however sheds the light on reading opportunities out of the natural recovery phenomenon and paving the way for a new form of designing in more ecological urban environments. Keywords: terrain vague, urban, ecology, train, ecosystem. Keywords: Terrain vague; urban; ecology; ecological footprint; train; ecosystem 59 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 74 Exploring water-sensitive urban landscape design practices: The case of Al Rehab City, New Cairo Khalil, Lamis1; Kamel, Shaimaa1; Khalifa, Marwa1; Hamhaber, Johannes2 1 Ain Shams University, 2TH Köln (University of Applied Sciences) The Egyptian water struggle is real and has consequences that affect not only our day to day life but also is considered one of the holdbacks for Egyptian economy and development. The absence of water-sensitive landscaping practices in New Cairo and specifically in Al Rehab City (RC) has aimed to understand the practices for water sensitive landscaping and the current situation in New Cairo. This paper aims to provide adequate and realistic suggestions to set Egypt on a new path of water sensitivity and awareness. A deductive approach would be adopted, in order to follow a top-down approach. Concentrating on the practices of water saving landscape design in RC. As for data sources and acquisition, it is expected to obtain the primary data through interviews with governmental officials, planners, academics, developers and users, where the publicly used open spaces are to be examined for water sensitive Landscape measures of design and maintenance. While Secondary data is to be reviewed from the literature concerning water sensitive landscape tools, and data concerning the case study on both New Cairo level and project level. The most appropriate analysis method is believed to be mixed method, as a qualitative method would be used to comprehend the landscape elements and qualities, while a quantitative method to assess the water quantity needed and available for New Cairo. After a comprehensive analysis, it is found that since open spaces are irrigated using treated waste water (TWW), there is adequate water quantity treated by the two TWW plants in New Cairo to cover required amounts of water. While RC would benefit from a more holistic guideline for WSUD measures. Keywords: Urban landscape; water sensitive urban design; landscape management 60 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 148 Regeneration of Mamluks desert zone in Historic Cairo Moosa, Hanaa The Higher Institute of Engineering in El Shorouk City This research discusses the Mamluks desert cemeteries that present a unique typology of architecture. The research is concerned with regenerating the eastern zone of the world heritage listed site (WHL) of Historic Cairo, where a comprehensive study took place that includes all aspects as the; economic, social, psychological conserving heritage, sustaining a humanitarian style of life, and others. The major problem observed is that such special cases of urban areas lack of authorities’ attention where a lot of potentials are left unused and the community’s initial needs are not yet fulfilled. The research aims to achieve sustainability, creativity, integrity, branding and equality through common conservation methods. The research adopts a methodology that demonstrates an understanding of the special case of the heritage cemeteries located in Historic Cairo area called "Mamluks Desert”, where contexts is studied to conclude potentials that would enhance achieving the research’s goals and the multi-contextual integrity between all zones of Historic Cairo. After the introduction, an analytical approach shall take place in order to conclude the needed methods to develop such community, conserve heritage and get a well benefit of the embedded values and heritage. Finally, criteria of dealing with such case shall be produced and applied to the case of study. Keywords: Mamluks desert; Cairo; regeneration of historical cities, branding, integrity 61 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 6 The effect of constructivist density of urban fabric in the solar radiation within the urban canyons for Saharian City, Algeria Qaoud, Rami1; Alkama, Djamal1 1 Algeria University of Biskra, 2Algeria University of Guelma The constructivist density of the urban fabric is considered as main controller in the amount of the solar radiations that reaches to the urban canyons. The methodology of this research was due to the field of experience in order to raise the real values of the air temperature, outer wall temperature and ground temperature in urban canyons every two hours, each three consecutive days. Also, the comparison of the values temperatures obtained, by the measurement points is positioned via the three types of urban canyons with three different relationship between L/W, (L≥2w, L=w, L≤0.5w) According to the direction: (North-east / South-west). Conclusion, the values difference of the temperatures between the three types of urban canyons. Where was the urban canyon, type (L≥ 2W), is the less exposed to solar thermal radiation and the lowest temperature. Thus, turns out the effect of the constructivist density of the urban fabric by the relationship between L and W to protect the outdoor spaces –urban canyons. This is very important for desert cities. Keyword: Urban canyons; the City of Biskera; solar radiation; constructive design 62 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 99 Environmental risk assessment as an approach of resilience to climate change in architectural heritage Shaheen, Noha1; Othman, Ayman A.1; Ismail, Mostafa R.2 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE), 2Ain Shams University Built heritage symbolizes our culture, heritage, and identity; acting as testament defining who we are and declaring our past stories. Yet, the risk inherent by the global climate change exposes our heritage properties to increasing disaster risks. Consequently, impacting the country's tourism, economic state, and social resilience. In addition to a growing recognition that an environmental risk management strategy is required. Towards determining the damage of potential danger for heritage buildings, the precautions required for risk mitigation and assessing the vulnerability of those buildings. Thus, prioritizing and defining any destructive factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the appropriation of Environmental risk assessment (ERA) towards providing guidance for eventual future efforts to promote resilience to climate change in heritage buildings. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to achieve this aim. It investigates the built cultural heritage perception, classifications, characteristics and values. In addition to understanding the risks imposed by climate change on built heritage, and the potential impacts on the different built heritage aspects. Moreover, examining the current risk assessment, mitigation and adaptation strategies and approaches for implementation. The research findings provides a climatic disaster's preparedness at heritage properties through a detailed matrix that was developed to combine the risk assessment techniques and mapping the climate change related threats. Hence, acting as an assessment quantitative tool to ensure effective responses at all levels. In addition to investigating the resilience measure that would be taken by then based on the effective analysis. Keywords: Heritage management; risk assessment; climate change; cultural heritage; climatic resilience 63 © AR-UP 2019 Regenerative Design Paper 146 Rab Simḥāh Synagogue in Cairo's Jewish Quarter: A graphic reconstruction of architecture before 1872's restoration Zakaria, Ahmed Ain Shams University Jewish architecture is considered one of the rarest subjects in history of architecture, due to the strange situation made by Diaspora. The Karaite sect is considered one of the most unique societies among the Jews. In this, scholars widely deal with Egyptian Karaite's Architecture as it is definitely an un-regular course by all means. This research focuses on the Ottoman Architecture of Rab-Simha Synagogue that constructed by Karaites before the early 17th century. The results focus in studying modern ancient history of the synagogue and it's contemporary architecture after the year 1872. The documentation methods comes with the help of the Jewish travellers who gave a description of the synagogue in 1641. An illustrated model was reconstructed here. This model has a great discovery in achievement. The concluded remarks confirmed that very ancient architectural mystery can be solved. The concluded remark provided an answer to the reach questions of whether the architecture form of that Ottoman Karaite's synagogue a basilica or mosque are alike and had been answered. Keywords: Karaites; middle ages; graphic reconstruction; Ottoman; Cairo; Al Gamalia 64 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution 65 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 42 Towards a theoretical model for green areas in new Egyptian cities Al-Sayed, Said Hassanien Thebes University The new Egyptian city planning were developed by applying some of the theories and of international models that formed their urban structure, some plans influenced by the models of central and linear cities and affected by the application of neighbourhood social theory. Other trends were applied on other cities such as green cities and hubs or sustainable cities, some specific trends such as technological cities, environmental cities or Internet cities were applied on Egyptian cities too. many urban changes have taken place as a direct result of the society change as a result of the tremendous technological development that has taken place in the last four decades, the society demands, desires and behaviour were changed and has led to some changes in pattern of uses within the cities, services rates, method of obtaining them have changed, transportation systems have changed too. All of that affect many elements of the city, which led to core changes in city planning and its urban formation. And through the changes and instability of some of the basic elements of the city, such as services and roads, some planning theories and city models becomes not applicable nor effective for formation of new cities, this increase the necessity of a new theoretical model to guide and controls the Egyptian new cities urban structure formation at all levels and depends on the most constant and important elements in the city (e.g., green elements). The Aim of the research: The research aims to use green areas and zones that represent the city lungs as a tool to form and Guide city urban areas in at all planning levels. This research follows the inductive approach, starting by collecting data that is relevant to research topic of interest. Then looks for patterns in the data by analysing them, and then working to develop a theory that could explain those patterns. Keywords: Green cities; green axes; new cities, planning theories; planning models 66 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 77 Towards multisensory architecture: A phenomenological investigation of vivid experiences Bakir, Dina1; Mansour, Yasser2; Kamel, Shaimaa2; Moustafa, Yasser1; Khalil, Marwa H.1 1 Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport; 2Ain Shams University Architecture has long focused on the visual sense with the neglect of other human senses. However, due to the influence of phenomenological writings, there is now a growing notion that our perception of the world around us is actually multi-sensory in nature, involving all our senses. By engaging all the senses, the built environment can help provide users with richer experiences. This paper investigates the phenomenology of multi-sensory perception of architecture. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between spatial qualities and the multi-sensorial perception of the built environment. The objective is to analyse different vivid experiences. Vivid experiences, are experiences characterized by powerful feelings or clear images in the mind. Through the exploration of such vivid environmental experiences, the paper intends to determine the spatial qualities of the built environment that can induce an unforgettable experience. A phenomenological research approach is adopted. The study relies on two informants’ vivid experiences. These experiences were documented through personal diaries. To complement information obtained from the diaries, indepth semi-structured interviews were conducted. A qualitative interpretive analysis is carried out. The study identifies themes describing the ambiences associated to informants’ vivid experiences. Among those ambiences are tenseness, vibrant, ambiguity, attractiveness, tranquillity, and predictability. Yet, each experience is shaped by a core ambience. Hence, this paper focuses on the core ambiences: tenseness ambience and vibrant ambience. The finding of the research are to be discussed in relation to multi-sensory spatial qualities that have stimulated the different senses, tying the outcomes to findings from previous research and literature. Keywords: Multi-sensorial architecture; ambience; vivid experiences; spatial qualities 67 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 96 City branding through porter's competitive models: investigating El Shorouk City market position Elnably, Mahmoud1; Mansour, Yasser1; Assem, Ayman1; Elsisy, Aya1 1 Ain Shams University Globalization has affected the transformation and growth of our cities, where some became highly progressive and others are degenerating. The forces of Globalization are driving cities to be competitive for attracting Foreign Direct Investments to enhance its local economic development as well as attracting population to sustain its real-estate capital. City branding is one of the tools that cities use to market their competitive advantage and position themselves in the market. Improving cities performance is linked to understanding cities as competitive corporates that follows that same rules of marketing strategies along with understanding the human perception of city and placemaking. The aim of this paper is to analyse the competitive advantage for one of the New cities in Egypt, El Shorouk City, to be able to formulate a City branding strategy based on the competitive position of this city within the Egyptian market. The methodology for this analysis is depending on Porter’s Competitive Diamond for Nations and its Five Forces Model of Competition. The first model is used for internal analysis for city’s potential while the second model is used for external analysis. The paper is using both models in analysing the market position of El Shorouk City and how to better allocate its competitive potentials to formulate a city branding strategy that could attract population and investments. This will in return impact the strategies for place-making in new cities that is directed to capture the economic potentials of the city. Keywords: City branding; porter’s competitive models; new cities 68 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 145 The sustainable dynamic configuration of architecture Elsayed, A. Gehan Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Sustainable design is incorporation of architecture with other engineering department. At the same time it worry about the aesthetics of principles of architecture design,( proportion, scale, texture, shadow, and light, massing) the design team should concentrate on long term costs: ecological, economic, and human. The dynamic configuration is the virtual applications and the innovation which created a wide range of buildings and spaces. In the virtual world, the conventional fourth dimension (time) is substituted by the element of movement (both 'physical' and mental). So, architects become Broadcasting designers’ not only physical designers. Various studies in different nations examined the new state of the art ecological comfort as physiological and psychological features characterizing the green architecture or sustainability in a type of known ecological standards of micro climatic scale and their applications to building configuration, disregarding any other features particularly that relate the dynamic configuration which could be attained in the building to achieve sustainability. This paper concentrates on these new criteria and bring together its consistent and variable items as type of applications from contemporary architecture to be considered as an unlimited datum of the ecological resilience. Keywords: The dynamic configuration; sustainable development; ecological sustainability; architecture forms 69 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 138 Evaluating the quality of outdoor environments of primary schools EL-Telwany, Alaa1; Gabr, Mohammed1; Assem, Ayman1; Samir, Tamer1 1 Ain Shams University Primary education is a key factor in developing children’s character, subsequently the governments and educational organizations pay significant attention to this educational phase. Moreover, the quality of the educational environment impacts educational performance. The Egyptian schools ignore the design quality of the outdoor environment other than the UK’s primary schools involved in outdoor education. Hence, this study aims to build a framework to evaluate the quality and design parameters of primary schools’ outdoor environments. This framework studies the relationship between the educational settings (based on Bloom's theory) and the characteristics of children outdoor environment. Our framework classified these characteristics into three categories: the motivations factors, the usability factors, and the legibility factors. In addition, the compatibility of the framework relative to the governmental Egyptian and UK’s design guidelines of the primary schools’ outdoor environment was analysed. These guidelines (Egyptian and UK) were assessed based on the framework to review their strengths and weakness in supporting the outdoor educational environment. this led the study to analyse these impacts on real schools’ models of both countries. This framework could be utilized to reflect on the design guidelines and educational requirements that led by operators and official agents of the national community. Keywords: Children’s outdoor environment; primary schools; elementary schools; outdoor education 70 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 69 Biomimetic architecture as DNA of ecological building skin design Hassan, Alshaimaa Hussein Mohammed Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Nature has always been the paradigm for architecture. It always leads us to deal with it and inspire us in several architecture fields (structure-formecological design- environmental adaptation). Last few years biomimetic architecture developed in several ways it became a hyper intersection of computer science, biology, and architecture. Building skin has been transformed from passive solutions to active solutions systems capable of producing renewable energy and new advanced ecologic solutions to improve indoor comfort conditions. In the current context of climate change, insecurity of energy supply we search for solutions to improve the energy performance of buildings, particularly of the building skin, The research is theoretical analytical study, discusses the (Analogue) between biologicallyinspired, and speculate the future of the ecological building skin design. In several stages, The first part (theoretical) discuss the definition of the biomimetic, ecological building skin, levels of mimicry, second analytical study discuss the analogue between biomimicry and building bio-skin on a framework ( hyper ecosystem level) which represent a new level of inspiration. This paper opens a new orientation in the analogue between bio mimicry and building skin, designing a new framework for level of bio adaptation and building skin design, proof that building bio-skin is successful adaptation Strategies from nature, and still the source of solutions to improve the energy performance of buildings, particularly of the building skin. Keywords: Biomimetic design; ecological design; climate control; hyper bio skin 71 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 76 Investigating the role of supplier involvement in the design process as an approach for enhancing building maintainability Kamal, Ahmed1; Othman, Ayman A. E1; Refat, Mostafa2 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE), 2Ain Shams University Due to the nature of the construction industry, attention is usually paid to the design and construction phases, while focus on the future maintainability and operability of buildings is lacking. It is very common that many maintenance issues appear after the end of construction phase and during the building use. Many of these issues are a result of absence of involving other construction professionals during the early phases of the project life cycle. Despite their role in the construction industry, suppliers are not usually involved with designers in specifying materials and equipment that enhance the performance of the buildings and sustainability. This research aims to investigate the role of supplier involvement in the earlier phases as an approach for enhancing building maintainability. To achieve this aim, a research methodology including literature review and a case study are discussed. Firstly, literature review is used to investigate the topics building maintenance, building performance, building life cycle, building maintainability, suppliers and building maintenance and building maintenance during the design phase. Secondly, presenting and analyzing a case study to investigate how supplier’s involvement in the design phase could impact building maintainability. Finally, outlining research conclusion and recommendations useful to the design team and future research. Keywords: Maintenance; building maintainability; building life cycle cost; LCC; material supplier; design phases 72 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 18 Assessment of performative materials on architectural envelope Lotfy, Aya1; Shams El-Din, Amal1 1 Ain Shams University Assessment of Performative Materials (PM) presents a challenge as performative materials are still novel and dynamic with limited applicability in multi-disciplinary fields. The aim is to assess several performative materials integrated with the suitable adaptive structure to deduce the most effective and applicable performative architectural envelope. This paper focused on the top five PMs which have the highest efficiency to be used in the architectural envelope. Moreover, the assessment introduces criteria to evaluate through comprehensive classifications for both PMs evolution and performance properties of PMs. These classifications are concluded from several partial classifications using literature review method. PMs need more advanced research with mechanical engineers and material scientists to be able to accelerate the research phase and reach to the development phase. So, it needs further simulation models and its calculations in the design phase to be predictable in the operation phase. Keywords: Performative materials; PMs; assessment; adaptive structure; PM classification 73 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 26 Biomimetic and biophilic design as an approach to innovative sustainable architectural design Makram, Abeer1; Abou Ouf, Tarek2 1 Delta University for Science and Technology, 2Umm El Qura University Contemporary architectural design refers to nature's Potential as a primary and critical engine in the design process and its possibilities, using natural features and its systems as a drive to the architectural thinking and inspiration. It serves as a major role in solving environmental problems and its inhabitants. This paper aims to highlight two concepts that depend on nature in different ways, such as biomimetic and biophilic design; they express their role in achieving a sustainable environment. The first concept integrates architectural design with nature to achieve human interaction with it, thus explains the approached results which has complementary strategy to treat work stress, improve the performance and speed of patients' hospitalization in light of the general well-being. The second concept discusses the possibility of improving the building's performance by integrating biomimetic technologies in its architectural design to achieve clean technologies that limit environmental impacts of building. The research follows the deductive approach that analyses the methodologies of these two innovative concepts and how they are integrated into the process of architectural design, and then engaged its framework with the principles of sustainable architectural design. in addition to better understand and define the importance of nature's interaction with architecture creates a more sustainable environment. This research concludes the importance of the integration of nature in the sustainable architecture design through biomimetic and biophilic design, which is the source of innovation for architects and has a great role in creating beautiful, livable and environmentally responsible spaces. Keywords: Biomimetic; biophilic design; interaction with nature; biomimetic technologies; innovation concepts 74 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 67 Visual pollution: An approach to reduce the environmental impact of light pollution in Egypt Nessim, Ashraf Ain Shams University Visual pollution can be contributed to many factors one of which is “Light pollution”. Light pollution has been identified as a main environmental issue in urban areas during night-time due to the advancement in lighting and its related technologies. As part of Egypt’s 2030 Vision, the government is currently executing mega projects to serve the public such as the national network of roads project, the national project for development of Sinai, building a number of major cities, etc… All of the aforementioned projects can add to the light pollution if not addressed carefully. The aim of this research is to evaluate the environmental impact of light pollution in Egypt. In order to achieve the objective of this paper, an intensive literature review of recent papers discussing the problem has been performed, analysed and followed by assessment of the possible techniques that can be used to limit light pollution. The value of this research comes from the fact that light pollution is unavoidable due to the continuous increase of outdoor activities at night thus strict laws and proper regulations should be established. The detected findings of this paper discussed the technical and legal aspects, their objectives and proposed techniques to limit obtrusive light in Egypt which could help those involved in decision making and setting legislations to regulate light pollution in Egypt. Keywords: Visual pollution; obtrusive light; light pollution; sky glow; light trespass 75 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 156 Evidence-based design as a tool for assessing learning environment in the kindergarten classroom Ragy, Marina1; Nagy, Gehan1; Maguid, Dalya1 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE) According to the Egyptian Government, the educational process is a very significant process which has the power to support the progress in the whole country. It considers that the learning process consists of educational lessons given by teachers inside closed rooms with a number of students receive their lessons. Consequently, many Egyptian educational institutions are paying efforts to improve only this process and its quality without paying attention to the impact of physical environment elements. This is a problem in designing educational facilities especially in kindergartens due to its effect on performance and productivity. The aim of this research is to show teachers’ perception on the effect of children performance in case of changing some factors of the physical environment by using evidence-based design as a basic tool which is a process of taking decisions according to researches to reach the best outcomes through questionnaires and quasi experiment. The findings of this research provide criteria for redesigning kindergartens according to children’s reactions to some changings in order to get the optimum performance of children. Keywords: Evidence based design; kindergarten; physical learning environment; enhancing performance and productivity 76 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 158 The christianization of ancient Egyptian cosmology Philae in late antiquity Said Abd el-Lateef, Rasha1; Mansour, Yasser1; Kamel, Shaimaa1; Morcos, Ruby1 1 Ain Shams University Abandonment, destruction, being a source for retrieving building materials and the reuse; these were multiple destinies that ancient traditional temples reached in late antiquity accompanying the religious paradigm shift from polytheism to Monotheism. The first cataract in the frontier zone between Egypt and Nubia has a significant ontological value to ancient inhabitants, studding the fate of its temples can’t be done without approaching the significance of the sacred landscape, a significance that is perceived in the topographical and astronomical features representing the cosmic impact on the Egyptian mythology and theology. This paper focuses on the Ptolemaic temple of Isis on Philae island as the last temple to be closed in Egypt declaring the absolute domination of Christianity, starting by setting the historical background explaining the complexity of the regional situation politically and culturally, accordingly trying to interpret the temple transformation as a unique phenomenon reflecting the public ontological understanding of the sacred power and its points of access in spite of changes in the perceptions of religion. The Objective is to bring to light a new perspective for the transformation of traditional sacred spaces and how transformation can be a manifestation of the localization of a new faith. an assumption is based on applying Mircea Eliade’s Phenomenological Analysis of the religious Experience. The research is using the tools of ethnographic descriptions, iconographic representations, Archeoastronomy studies and archaeological examinations for applying a thematic analysis within the hermeneutic phenomenology as a methodology. Keywords: Philae, cosmology; christianizing; late antiquity 77 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Paper 5 Biomimicry in architecture: The potential shift from theory to practice Samy, Sara1; Nadim, Wafaa1; Abdelkader, Morad2 1 German University in Cairo (GUC), 2Ain Shams University The contemporary mode of life has been significantly modified as a logical response to the environmental challenges. This can be seen in the gradual transition from the Carbon-intensive age to the ecological age in architectural practices through more ecological solutions and more sustainable framework such as: vernacular architecture, zero energy buildings, sustainable architecture, and green architecture. Although the importance of nature has remarkably increased in these approaches, the severe environmental problems need more than a “green” approach to overcome their consequences. Nature provides a large database of strategies and mechanisms that can be applied in different design disciplines. Biomimicry is a rapidly growing engineering design discipline based on abstraction of good design from nature; however, biomimicry is still an emerging field in architectural design due to the absence of a systematic design process model to guides throughout the design process. Different trials have been developed to bridge this gap by providing a systematic way of incorporating biomimicry into architecture. Each of the developed trials focused on some aspects and neglected others. The fragmented outcome of these trials needs to be consolidated towards a comprehensive application of biomimicry in architectural practices. This paper represents the first phase of an ongoing research. The paper aims at correlating biomimicry theories and architectural design process; this is achieved via a comprehensive critical analysis of biomimicry definitions, concepts, approaches, levels, initiatives to incorporate these into an integrated architectural design process, and case studies of biomimicry-based architecture. A proposed conceptual framework is then developed to inform the second phase of the research which aims to develop a design process model for biomimicry-based architectural practices to shift from theory to practice. Keywords: Biomimicry; architectural design; design process model 78 © AR-UP 2019 Inception and Evolution Education 79 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 150 The relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and creativity in architectural design studio Ebrahim, Naiera1; Kamel, Shaimaa M.1; Hamza, Tamer S.1 1 Ain Shams University Creativity is a cognitive ability that enables individuals to come up with both original and functional ideas and products. As architectural design activities require producing aesthetic and practically useful products, it is a primary concern to enhance creativity in design disciplines. At the start of the design process, designers are always working at the periphery of a solution space where there is less coherence and more ambiguity. Thus, they must deal with a lot of ambiguity and uncertainty in every design situation. These states of uncertainty and confusion can be annoying and unnerving for architecture students. On the other hand, tolerance of ambiguity is a cognitive style that has been linked to creative thinking. It is defined as the ability to live and cope with situations that are not clearly defined, that are new, insoluble, and complex. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the correlation between tolerance of ambiguity of architectural students and their creativity via a qualitative study. In order to achieve this, the researchers implemented a mixed-method approach and recruited 18 architecture students. The results from this study revealed that there is a significant correlation between students’ creative thinking abilities and their tolerance for ambiguity. Our results also indicated that there is no statistically significant correlation between students’ tolerance of ambiguity and their design creativity. Keywords: Tolerance of ambiguity; creativity; design process; architecture students 80 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 98 Evaluating the architectural designs using machine learning: The case of two modes Elrawy, Omar1; El-Khouly, Tamer1,2; Abdallah, Omar1 1 The American University in Cairo (AUC); 2Ain Shams University Machine Learning (ML) is one significant subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that impacts most of today’s industries. This research is part of a broader research project that investigates enquiring creativity in machine learning versus the human design processes. The research aims at developing a computational model that evaluates architectural designs using machine learning algorithms, to fulfil project goal of investigating the computer’s ability to generate architectural designs. Two ML algorithms were trained with a set of design drawings along with their own evaluation. Three evaluation criteria are identified; Spaces’ orientation, functional zoning, and usability of area. Each design case is accompanied by a given evaluation; the evaluation is set by practitioner architects per each criterion. To train the ML algorithm, a custom-built drafting tool was developed, the drafting tool accepts a given architectural plan design drawn on an evaluation grid. Each architectural plan drawing is identified in terms of classes that represent space uses. The tool then scans the grid in order to extract the features related to each of the evaluation criteria. Within this research paper the two algorithms were trained with a dataset of 15 architectural designs, and then tested with five test cases that include the five possible grades. Results showed that both ML algorithms have learning curves, and that one algorithm is significantly better than the other in learning the three grading criteria. This research serves a long term objective to implement ML in generating designs with specified qualities. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; architectural design process; reinforcement learning; design cognition; cognition. 81 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 86 The possible gaps facing sustainable architecture design training and education in Egypt Farid, Ayman A. Ain Shams University Sustainable architecture has become an essential approach for future education especially with the calls for protecting the environment from degradation and resources from consumption. This research offers a critical analysis for possible gaps meeting sustainable architecture design training and education in Egypt. The research offers a case study held among 90 students from the faculty of engineering at Ain Shams University who were introduced to multiple architectural short training modules to test their response to each module and provide a quantitative results for further improvements. The training was held inside the faculty of engineering between July and august 2018.The research has tested seven different training modules related to sustainable architecture and design and has conducted a complete set of evaluation for each module based Upon its contents facilities and response. The importance of the research is that it provides quantitative data concerning students response to the different training modules of the indented leaning out comes (ILOs). Upon which further enhancement for similar training can be accomplished. Keywords: Sustainable architecture; training-sustainable design; sustainability; education 82 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 119 Improvisation impact on creativity strands in architecture education Hassan, Doaa Ain Shams University Design studio is the core of the architectural education, where students understand how creative solutions are generated, developed and implemented. Design deals with many dynamic factors which demand creativity to cope with this ongoing change. In this sense, divergent and convergent thinking are equally significant to define creativity. However, divergence is associated with ideation. Many studies tackled the concept of improvisation as a crucial power to enhance divergence. Improvisation is to do something without any preparation. Recent studies suggest that an exposure to improvisation activities as a kind of play, may create a joyful climate. This in turn helps to release our minds from the preconstructed thinking pattern. Thus, this research aims at investigating the effect of improvisation on students’ mindsets and creative climate and consequently on the creative problem solving (CPS) while engaging in an architectural design task. The research depends on an educational experiment that was developed on two similar brainstorming sessions with one exception where the second session started with improvisation activities. The experiment evaluation counted on scores of the divergence components; fluency, flexibility and originality-appropriateness, in addition to questionnaire and observation. The study ended by explaining the pros of improvisation in terms of students’ mindsets, creative press and consequently on the ideation experience. Keywords: Improvisation; architecture design; creative problem solving; divergent thinking 83 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 9 Tracing the impact of teaching sustainable design on design projects in architectural freshman level Khodeir, Laila1,2; Nessim, Ashraf1; Maguid, Dalya2 1 Ain Shams University; 2The British University in Egypt (BUE) Architecture education nowadays is facing changes due to technological developments, and the call for more environmentally certified buildings. These changes urge architectural instructors to make alterations either in the contents of their exiting courses, teaching approaches, or methodologies. Among these changes is the introduction of sustainable design courses (SDC) to architecture students (AS). This paper assumes that teaching SDC early on to AS can have a positive effect in terms of leveraging their awareness towards environmental design concepts and integrating such concepts in architecture projects. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the impact of teaching SDCs early on to architecture freshmen students and trace its impact on the output of their design projects. This was achieved through a qualitative case study analysis on a course titled “Building Services1: Environmental Control and Design” that is offered to AC in the British University in Egypt. Teaching methods applied were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the responses of the students were collected and analysed through two survey questionnaires. Findings of this paper affirm that introducing SDCs to architecture students in their freshmen year could have a profound impact on their output. Students who actively attended the investigated course were able to implement sustainable design strategies in their design work throughout the studied module and throughout other design modules. Findings of this research can be of great value with respect to designing architecture curriculums in Egyptian universities, and can help integrate sustainability concepts early on in students’ mindset. Keywords: Architecture students; freshman students; sustainable design courses; SDC; architectural design projects 84 © AR-UP 2019 Education Paper 35 Biomimetic approaches in architectural design education Omar, Meral1; Kamel, Shaimaa2; Hassan, Doaa2; Abdelmohsen, Sherif2,3 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE), 2Ain Shams University, 3The American University in Cairo (AUC) Biomimicry, bioinspired design, biomimetic design are all terms used to describe the imitation of models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. Biomimetic approaches have recently been implemented in design thinking methods due to the global need to utilize technological advances and to meet competencies in all designbased disciplines. Many scholars have incorporated biomimetic design in architectural education to meet those competencies especially for enhancing creativity and complex problem solving. Although several studies have explored the adoption of biomimicry in design, and especially in architectural design education, almost none have developed a clear framework for this purpose. The most famous of those studies are the BID class at Georgia Institute of Technology held in 2011and the ITECH approach at Stuttgart University carried out in 2018. This paper aims at establishing a framework of criteria for adopting biomimicry in architectural design education. This is achieved by means of a comparative analysis of current architectural design programs and experimental studies incorporating biomimetic design into their curricula in junior through senior levels. The previous mentioned experimental studies and other selected studies were reviewed and analysed and their impact on students’ creativity were evaluated. Despite their varied approaches in teaching and varied tools in assessing the output, they all corroborated that biomimetic design functioned as a catalyst for creating a vibrant studio environment for design education and helped students in understanding the process of creative thinking and complex problem solving. The paper concludes that biomimetic design is interdisciplinary in nature and could be integrated in design curricula specifically at both junior and senior levels for the purpose of enhancing creativity. It is expected that the findings of this research would stimulate additional interest in the area of biomimicry and design thinking and contribute to developing a database of instructional resources, as well as new and effective teaching methods, to enhance the pedagogy of biomimetic design in architectural education. Keywords: Biomimicry; bioinspired design; biomimetic design; creativity 85 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment 86 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 79 The Cittaslow… Applicability in the Egyptian context: The case study of El-Fayoum Abd Elrahman, Ahmed Ain Shams University The Cittaslow is a movement that became organization, which concentrate on economic welfares for local societies, meaning of cultural capitals, host community contribution, small-scale green tourism, it tries also to improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them. The Cittaslow is part of a cultural trend known as the slow movement. The Cittaslow Movement introduced its concepts by Paolo Saturnini through the different way of development, based on the improving the quality of life. It can be implicit as an alternate, accountable form of sensitive tourism practice that discards modernist obsessions with speed and entrepreneurial ideologies. “Small cities and towns around the world start to develop numerous projects intended to endorse and strengthen the Cittaslow philosophy.) Recently cities from Africa started to join the movement like Sedgefield in South Africa. In Egypt, it is vital to discuss to what extent the Cittaslow principles can be applicable to be applied on selective Egyptian cities, as Egypt already contains small cities and towns that have the potentials and characteristics to join the Cittaslow movement. Consequently, it is important to identify these potentials, and how far the attractions of sustainable tourism rouse their socioeconomic development. Tunis town in El-Fayoum City can be one of the Egyptian towns that comprises respectable potentials to link with the Cittaslow charter, and the researcher tends to verify the Cittaslow principles on the town to identify the applicability using experts’ evaluation. This paper is an attempt to understand the principles of Cittaslow movement, its applicability in the Egyptian context through verifying the Cittaslow Charter goals on Tunis village in El-Fayoum. Keywords: El-Fayoum City; slow city; sustainable development 87 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 108 Investigating the urban structure of newly planned cities in Egypt: The case study of New Cairo City Abdeldayem, Walid1; El-Khouly, Tamer2 1 Cairo University, 2Ain Shams University Egypt is characterized by the abundance of cities built on the narrow valley of the Nile River and delta since ancient times, where the occupancy rate reaches about 90% of the total population. This led to the need to find alternatives to the urban development and expansion beyond the borders of the narrow valley. One of these alternatives adopted by successive governments is the development of the desert back of villages and cities. This in turn led to the establishment of new urban communities extending deep into the Sahara, characterized by a wide horizontal extension, entirely vehicle oriented as a mean for movement throughout the city in the lack of public transportation such as the metro and railways. This paper evaluates this trend by analysing one of the newly established cities outside Greater Cairo; known as New Cairo City, which often face transformation in its physical structure to increase the pedestrian crossing routes after a high rate in accidents of pedestrians crossing high roods has been perceived. space syntax is an informative theory that stands on the structure of urban graphs. Utilizing syntactic analysis, the impact of highways and arterial roads on the integration and connectivity orientation in the urban structure of the city is analysed and the constraints and opportunities for development in the masterplan are identified. Resulting at isolated islands of districts with no pedestrian routes to connect them, this methodology allows us to determine the main points in the structure of the city where pedestrian accessibilities can be added so that to provide the remedy to overcome the shortage in the city’s network system (i.e., crossovers, tunnels, etc.). Further, the impact on the human dimension of the living community, diversity of land uses and real estate financial classification are discussed. While the principles of sustainable planning are pointing at strengthening walkability integration to the built environment, the value of this study is crystalized. Keywords: Space syntax; sustainable development; spatial configuration; planned cities 88 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 123 Quality of life and the architecture of low-income neighbourhoods Ahmad, Aliaa1; Mansour, Yasser1; Gabr, Muhammad1; Khalil, Marwa2 1Ain Shams University; 2Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport The issue of quality of life has been discussed by many theorists and philosophers since ancient times relating it to many aspects of life, but the scientific research on quality of life started being evident from the 1970s, especially with the first publications of the social indicators research journal. Yet, there is still no concrete and agreed upon definition of quality of life, what constitutes it, nor the parameters affecting it. More specifically, there is limited research that focuses on the relationship between quality of life and architecture and it is more stark with low-income communities. Only the past couple of years witnessed an increase in the number of researches conducted in this field. Hence, this paper aimed to review and discuss the research carried out, precisely in the new millennium, investigating the relationship between quality of life and the architecture of low-income neighbourhoods focusing on its main components. This review included a variety of researches addressing different issues such as measuring residential satisfaction, investigating the effects of the built environment on quality of life and conducting post-occupancy evaluation. Based on this comprehensive analytical review, the paper defined three main domains that constitute residential satisfaction, namely “ unit, Neighbourhood and social environment” and also the attributes of each domain. In addition, the paper highlights the shortcomings of the surveys technique and the missing attributes compared to studies conducted on other types of housing projects. In its conclusion, the paper discusses the implications and suggestions for future research in this field. Keywords: Quality of life; residential satisfaction; low-income neighbourhoods; built environment 89 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 45 Urban quality of life in gated communities: Comparative case studies in New Cairo City Anwar, Salma1; Abd Elrahman, Ahmed S.1; El Fayoumi, Mohamed A1; Ismail, Ayat1 1 Ain Shams University Enjoying a better quality of life is among the inalienable rights of residents in their communities', which in return requires switching current status of neighbourhoods to standard, stable and healthy settlements. Urban Quality of Life (UQoL) is one of the main keys in solving the equation. Quality is frequently used to designate the excellence of the product, QOL is the fulfilment degree or satisfaction of their basic needs, UQoL is the urban life performance towards the needs of residents and their expectations. Therefore, the notion has recently become the concern of many planners, researchers and decision makers. Growing attention has been paid to UQoL studies since the 1970s; aiming to promote a better well-being of people and their environment. Gated communities (GCs) approach in Egypt was one of the solutions in bridging the gap between the residents’ needs and the actual state of life quality in neighbourhoods, therefore, they have been lately running to GCs searching for better and healthier life, as GCs provide a new marketing discipline for developers and attract residents who want to escape the congestion and deterioration of the city centre. A descriptive analytical study was carried based on observation, mapping and stakeholders’ (residents, managers, planners, designers and decision makers) questionnaires, focus groups and interviews. Results were analysed to carry out a comparative analysis between the two selected GCs—Zizinia and Ministry of Finance Employees' Compounds—suggesting recommendations for improving UQoL in each of the studied cases using smart solutions and guidelines for GCs' design in the study region. Keywords: Comparative analysis; urban quality of life; gated communities; New Cairo City 90 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 50 Integrating biophilic design principles into pediatric healing environment Ashraf, Alaa1; Morcos, Ruby2; Khodeir, Laila3 1Ain Shams University Children have biological and psychological needs for nature that affect their health and well-being. Recently many researches claim that mostly of their times are spent indoor so, many of children are neglecting the importance of such connection that affects them badly. Pediatric patients with long term diseases spend long times indoor during their healing process. The healing environment for them is very important as they need to feel that they are communicating, learning, playing like other well- children, as they are –by nature- connected to the nature. Design guidelines following Biophilic design – Architecture and interior design - are needed to allow them to contact nature in different types of connection. Such design approach is needed in Egyptian pediatric healthcare facilities for a better healing environment. Thus, the objective of this paper is to set preliminary design guidelines for a healing environment for pediatric patients through literature review. More than 300 research works including the aim of the study were selected for review. Research found a number of preliminary guidelines that would help in optimizing a healing environment that fulfil their biological and psychological needs for pediatric patients. The paper is phase one of my research tackling a literature available on Biophilic design and healing environment of pediatric healthcare facilities, especially long term pediatric patients. The practical part of redesigning a healing environment for an existing national healing environment that is not respect the health and wellbeing of such patients are be carried out in my further studies. Keywords: Biophilic design; pediatric healthcare facilities; healing environment 91 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 166 The wall, an increasing phenomenon in Cairo: Main reasons and potential implications Elnaggar, Yosra; Moustafa, Yasser; Wanas, Ayman 1 Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport The wall, this stand-alone structure, which materializes in many different ways in the urban context, is the substance of the study. The wall in all its forms has an impact on the built environment consequently affecting users of the urban space. Walls protect, divide, segregate, differentiate, block, discern, screen, prevent and sometimes guide and redirect. The aim of the study is to investigate the wall phenomenon in Cairo and its increasing manifestations in the urban context as walling public buildings, privatization of public spaces, street barriers, security walls, fences of residential buildings and finally walls of gated communities. The study critically argues that the decline in the sense of security, the terrorism problem, the changed nature of privacy needs and neo-urban politics are the potential reasons of the increasing phenomenon in Cairo. Using related international urban design literature, the paper identifies the potential implications of the wall on urban spaces vitality, right to the city, social cohesion, crime prevention and image of the city. Keywords: Cairo; gated communities; urban walls; privatization of public space; city of walls; fortified city 92 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 152 Towards social quality of life through Cairenes’ public parks Elgobashi, Aya1; Elsemary, Yasmeen1 1 Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Public parks are one of the most important social destinations all over the world. Public parks can play an essential role in human life, providing accessibility to the communities by meeting all social needs. The developed societies always encourage the establishment of public parks as one of the critical factors to enhance the quality of life; however, public parks in the middle east are established in terms of facilitating social life. Nowadays, public parks and social factors are interrelated, so researcher and urban designer search for efficient ways to enhance parks to meet social needs and change their communal perception towards the utility of parks, for example, Cairo City, Egypt is rich in public parks such as. El-Horyia Gardens, El Azabakiyya Garden, Al-Azhar Park, Al-Andalus Garden and The International Park. However, the lack of coordination of physical, cultural activities and regular maintenance by the city has resulted in an unpleasant quality of the environment as a whole and a decrease in the number of public parks accordingly. The proposed methodology of the research follows a qualitative method which is the framework by analysis and investigation. The analysis is based upon theories and examples of various successful parks from all around the world. The main aim of the research is how to improve social quality of life in the Cairenes’ context: El-Horyia Garden and El-Andulas Garden in Zamalek were tackled in this research helping in achieving the main aim. The results include a thorough evaluation, then monitoring the major social defects in such parks, as an attempt to spot the light implicitly on guidelines and recommendations to the community in the form of Approaches which by turn help in the development of those parks and make them more utilized. Keywords: Social attributes; social needs; users perceptions; green spaces; socio-economy; Giza 93 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 153 Critical study of mechanisms for achieving social sustainability in traditional and contemporary urban structures El Dawla, Marwa Kamer1; Elsakka, Azza1 1 Tanta University The achievement of social sustainability lies in the preservation of the social and cultural identity derived from the depth of the cultural heritage of the mother, through discussing the adaptation of the local environment with the trends of sustainability, and making the cultural and social determinants the basis of the process of sustainability. Thus, the significant dimension of sustainability is to achieve balance Social indicators according to the nature of the society and its mechanisms. The indicators of public sustainability can be adapted to different societies and allow each society to adapt them in accordance with the specificity of the region, the environmental conditions and the social values in which any place in the world lives. The achievement of social sustainability lies in the preservation of the social and cultural identity derived from the depth of the cultural heritage of the mother, by discussing the method of adapting the local environment with the trends of sustainability, and making the cultural and social determinants the basis of the process of sustainability. The most important dimension of sustainability is to achieve balance Social indicators according to the nature of the society and its mechanisms. The indicators of public sustainability can be adapted to different societies and allow each society to adapt them in accordance with the specificity of the region, the environmental conditions and the social values in which any place in the world lives. A framework for the present paper has been defined in three axes. The first axis is to clarify the concept of social sustainability and to uncover its physical and moral sides. The second axis: Building the general framework of social sustainability indicators and elements by analysing models of traditional and contemporary communities. The third axis is the emergence of indicators on the mechanisms of achieving social sustainability and its implementation in the contemporary urban structure derived from the study of traditional urban communities. Keywords: Social sustainability; traditional communities; urban; contemporary communities 94 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 100 Enhancing occupants well-being through qualitative indoor environments Hafiz, Dalia1; Mhatre, Vrushali1 1 Al-Ghurair University In today’s competitive business environment, corporations can no longer afford to waste the potential of their workforce as personal costs of salaries and benefits are considered the most expensive items in an office building. There are certain essential factors in the employee’s workplace that influence significantly on their level of motivation and performance. The main objective of the study is to understand the relationship between the employees’ performance and their physical work environment. Lighting is an effective element in the interior design, especially when it comes to deciding between natural and artificial lighting; where several light measurements, calculation, and fixtures types are needed. This paper examines a small design project in which occupants comfort and indoor environmental quality aspects are tested through the collection of occupants feedback under a variety of conditions: 1-natural light in addition to energy efficient artificial lighting, 2 acoustics, noise control and acceptable sound level indoors, and 3-thermal comfort through natural and artificial ventilation. The parameters are analysed and concluded various alternatives to achieve an optimum solution for better indoor working conditions for the proposed space. Finally, based on the evaluation findings a set of recommendations are proposed to evaluate indoor working spaces qualities. The paper findings and proposed recommendations can help promoting a healthy environment, improving the occupants’ comfort, increasing workers performance, reducing stress, and ultimately enhancing the occupants quality of life. Keywords: Occupants comfort; workers performance; indoor environmental quality 95 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 10 Responsive human resource framework for design and building of mega-housing development projects in Egypt Khodeir, Laila1,2; Ibrahim, Mohamed2,3 1 Ain Shams University; 2The British University in Egypt (BUE); 3London South Bank University Design and building of mega housing development Projects (MHDP) has become one of the targets of developed countries, due to their positive impact on continuous population growth, rapid urbanization, economic situation and working force engagement. Developing countries are moving towards the establishment of MHDP, where Egypt 2030 plan aims at constructing MHDP with specific vision. Although design and building of MHDP is expected to offer HR opportunities, it generates challenges. The main aim of this paper is to design a responsive framework to HR factors arising from the internal and external MHDP environments. The paper undergoes a review for HR challenges and opportunities in design and building of MHDP, which was followed by a qualitative analysis of case studies from countries near to Egypt. Finally, a survey questionnaire was implemented, targeting stakeholders involved in MHDP. The paper findings included a responsive framework and a risk register which better suits MHDP in Egypt. Keywords: Mega housing development projects (MHDP); design and build (DB); human resource (HR); project management (PM) 96 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 104 Cultural impact on design of inpatient rooms in pediatric healthcare facilities in Egypt Iskander, Mariam1; Sherif, Ahmed2; Mansour, Yasser1 1 Ain Shams University; 2The American University in Cairo (AUC) Hospitalization of young children is an overwhelming experience for both patients and their families. The complexity of healthcare environments, due to functional requirements and user variety, may drive healthcare designers to disregard humane environments in favour of adhering to regulations, codes and guidelines. Recently, interest in patient cantered environments and evidence based design has grown globally; as the need to define factors affecting humanization of healthcare buildings arises. Although literature provides ground for the impact of the physical environment on well-being and healthcare outcomes, only few studies address cultural impact on designing supportive environments; specifically, in paediatric inpatient units, where psychological support is essential for recovery of patients. Since the Egyptian healthcare market is expanding rapidly to accommodate society demands, the need to fill in the literature gap has evolved so as to provide evidence based, informative research that can support design decisionmaking. This paper aims to explore the impact of culture on designing psychologically supportive spaces in paediatric hospitals in Egypt. Using Ulrich’s theory of supportive design; qualitative methods are used to collect data on patients’ interaction with built environments in terms of social Support, positive distraction and perception of control. Observations from five inpatient pediatric units are recorded to generate behavioural maps that explore the usage of space and user needs. Results highlighted culture specific issues, that are related to Egyptian context. Social support is shown to impact families, where control and privacy are compromised to seek social interaction. Opportunities for formation of social support groups showed up in several spaces. Positive distractions are more significant to patients; where the view from window and thematic design impact is observed. This paper presents researcher’s observations. Patients and Families input is addressed in later stages of the study, through in-depth interviews and case studies. Keywords: Supportive design; environmental psychology; healthcare architecture; evidence based design; culture responsive 97 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 111 The tenacious Cairo: Loquaciousness of voids as a space of belonging Hassan, Moataz Samir Abdelmoniem Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria The necessary premise to understand the contextual complexity of Cairo is to avoid parochial visions related to explicit development in the metropolis. Cairo is more than this; it is a territory in fluctuation where lost tales of memory, time and space have led to some various challenges such as undefined urban sprawl, social segregation and a critical asymmetry in economic- cultural engagement. This phenomenon generates a condition of fragmentation, where voids in the urban fabrics are in constant exploration for defining their own identity. It can be said that the recent forms of undefined voids have increased and consequently intensified the process of economic, social and urban disintegration to such a great extent that undermines and erodes not only the architectural artefacts, but also the soil, infrastructure, urban fabrics of Cairo. The theoretical framework is inspired by the contestation between two opposites “Empty and Full” where the tug of their continuous tensions and constant mutations define reality. From the same perspective, Deleuze argues that voids is substance in which they communicate and express intra-events, it is always between things and interbeing”. Beyond their function of a material order they fulfil another function of even greater significance, which is to remind man through their symbolic aspect of the spiritual principles which the traditional space, form and landscape reflects on its own level of reality and which also corresponds to an inner state of man himself. The objective is to generate a new urban paradigm inaugurated by the continual reconstruction of voids; a glimmering glimpse that retains fragments of a past-future time and establishes space of hope that insure city’s continuity; by that, conveying a sense of belonging, awakening an archaic order lost in the city and bestowing upon void a prestige. Keywords: Fragmentation; voids; urban reality; sense of belonging; memory 98 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 154 The psychological effect of Hassan Fathy’s spatial design Labib, Ziad Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Our surroundings have a substantial psychological effect on us; spaces may comfort one’s soul or spark anxiety and stress in another. Here, the architect becomes the choirmaster. It is, therefore, crucial to understand how architecture psychologically affects users and how spatial elements may trigger emotion. The purpose of this study is to understand what architectural elements are used, and how these are manipulated to create a chosen atmospheric quality and associated emotion. Using a case study approach, this research focuses on the work of Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy; whose buildings have left a unique legacy of Egyptian architecture yet remain unstudied in terms of intended users’ psychology and emotion. Findings indicate that both psychical elements and the quality of atmospheric experience created contribute towards provoking emotion. However, to fully understand the impressions that the spaces have on users’ emotion, theoretical studies in interdisciplinary research and merging between various domains including architecture, neuroscience and psychology are needed; to ascertain how a space can target specific psychological behaviour and reactions throughout a space. This research attempts to analyse Fathy’s atmospheres such as those found in Al Kazerouni and Akil Sami House then evaluate how the character of the space is complemented and illustrated by the architectural elements to enhance user experience and psychological wellbeing. This indepth analysis helps guide future spatial designs complementary to Egyptian identity and prevent further generic architecture that diminishes users’ psychological wellbeing and weakens our sensory experience. This research aims to help revitalize our architectural identity and reorient architects towards a tectonic approach. Keywords: Psychological impact; architecture; spatial design 99 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 51 User behaviour scripting: An evidence-based approach to architecture programming, design and review Massoud, Hossam Ain Shams University Behaviour scripting is a term used in different disciplines to describe a process that involves breaking down the expected behaviour of an agent into a sequence of steps, such that it could be analysed for purposes that include psychological research, criminological research (specifically in the area of situational crime prevention and crime profiling), digital multi-agent simulations, AI and game character design. In this paper, I propose a theoretical framework for an evidence-based process of design for architects, wherein decision making in functional programming, spatial relations, space configuration and organization, circulation design, design review and criticism, and other aspects of the design process that correspond directly to prospective user behaviour, could rely on the analysis of behaviour scripts for prospective users, which are - in turn - to be constructed on the basis of case specific research on prospective user/s or target groups. The paper furnishes all essential working definitions, and uses simple examples on how a user behavioural script (UBS) could be used in design. Keywords: Behaviour; cognitive map; scripting; architecture; user cantered 100 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 149 The role of landscape elements in enhancing the quality of human life in Cairo, Egypt Moussa, Rania1; Dewidar, Khaled1,2 1 The British University in Egypt (BUE); 2Ain Shams University Public parks have been recognized as contributors to the physical quality of urban environments. More recently, the value of parks as places for mere recreation and visual delight, to depict them as valuable contributors to broader strategic objectives, such as property values, place attractiveness, job opportunities, social belonging, public health, tourist development, and improving the overall quality of life for individuals and societies. In order to help policymakers, practitioners, researchers and the public make use of public parks, the present research aims to examine the role of public parks in enhancing the quality of human life in Egyptian urban environments. This study has been recognized by early theorists like “Maslow” who has analysed the concept of quality of life, other theorists have followed Maslow’s footsteps and measure 'quality of life' in terms of 'human needs' and 'subjective well-being'. The study explores the impact of elements of Parks toward 'human needs' and 'subjective well-being'. Since Egyptians are living a stressful life, public parks are always serve as their escape way where all the negative vibes are going to meet with nature resulting in a positive outcome. This research used a qualitative method to investigate the impact of public parks on Egyptian quality of life by investigating the impact of AlAzhar Park and Family park on 'human needs' and 'subjective well-being'. This should open ways for policymakers, practitioners, researchers and the public realize the potentials of public parks towards improving the quality of life and recognizing the aspired for individual and social development in Egypt. Keywords: Quality of life; human needs; well-being; public parks 101 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 159 Street children re-integration as an actor towards social resilience/cohesion: Proposed rehabilitation centre in Magra El-Oyoun Mahmoud, Randa A.1,2; Hamed, Maya2 1 French University of Egypt (UFE)-INSA de Strasbourg; 2Ain Shams University Street children is a growing phenomenon since the 1980s, in Egypt and worldwide. This aggravated dilemma threatens the modern community and its social resilience. They various in categories, however those who sleep and live in the streets remain the most vulnerable ones. Regardless their category, street children are always simultaneously threatened by the community while representing the community's biggest threat. We see great potentials in street children as they might be considered as assets to the society if reintegrated correctly. Their reintegration in the community is a main factor towards achieving social resilience/inclusion/cohesion and thus social sustainability. This complex process requires multidimensional solutions that takes into consideration children's behaviour and their families as well as a smart architectural answer that enhances the reintegration procedure. This paper suggests that by offering a flexible architectural solution using ecological local materials, the reintegration process is more successful, as it is implicate children themselves in the procedure. Accordingly, successive sociological and anthropological fieldwork in parallel with in depth literature review in the same domain took place. Data collection, extracted from several UNISCO/UNICEF reports concerning Street Children in Egypt, was combined with interviews done with street children themselves and their Associations, along with social/psychological analyses conducted from understanding similar case-studies. The paper proposes at the end a rehabilitation centre for street children in the area of Magra El-Oyoun in Cairo as an experimental architectural solution that could help reintegrate street children in the community as a main actor towards social resilience/cohesion and thus sustainability. Keywords: Social resilience; social cohesion; inclusion; street children; ecological architecture; built environment 102 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 73 The correlation between arts and development: The case of downtown Cairo Raslan, Elaf1; Khalifa, Marwa1; Elshater, Abeer1 1 Ain Shams University Recent years have witnessed a widespread cultural led urban and regional policies aiming towards urban revitalization. Culture-based economy and industries are being used as a driver for social, physical and economic regeneration through attracting a diverse population. This research aims to investigate arts and culture activities in the case of Downtown Cairo. With the current arts and culture emerging scene in the case study that is fostered by a private real-estate company, and the international recognition on the influence of arts and culture in development, the research uses empirical methods. The focus is to develop an evidence based strategic plan for Downtown using arts and culture activities. The research relies on literature review, interviews with stakeholders and field and online surveys. The expected outcomes of these methods were to establish the relation between art and culture and the ongoing development approach in Downtown Cairo, the targeted population, and economic implications. The results show that the current stakeholders have a similar vision for developing Downtown into an international destination. However, each is achieving this vision using a different method. The main concluding remarks figured out that the private sector is fostering arts and cultural activities while the local authorities with their limited capacities are investing in urban and public infrastructure. The paper concludes that social policies need to be formulated and that arts and culture events need to attract the vulnerable population and address their needs through these events. Keywords: Gentrification; cultural economy; rehabilitation 103 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 125 Nightscape in Cairo’s streets: A power to spaces Shawket, Indjy Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology Urban policies for thriving economy through regeneration exist with wide ranges. According to many previous researchers nightscape becomes one of the challenging strategic elements that affect such policies, as people always search for different night-life experiences which revenue profits for such venues. In parallel, nightscape thrive urban social aspects when adding activities to theses spaces. The research conducted a qualitative Literature review, and empirically it follows the quantitative methodology in monitoring different problems of nightscape streets’ categories (dominant centre, urban development, and on margins) corresponding to different types of nightlife (e.g., mainstream, residual, and alternative) in Cairo, Egypt as it is one of the third world countries that miss simple resource exploitation, while it used to be one of the most blossomed capitals all over the world. Both eye tracking and oral surveys supported streets’ monitoring analysis process to consolidate the research results. And since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then results shows what nightscape implicit and explicit effects have on society and social integration, character formation, etc., urban regeneration, and thriving economy. Results would be indicators for further studies, work life, and organizational effectiveness. Keywords: Nightscape; night life; urban regeneration; thriving economy; street activities 104 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 31 Behavioural pattern of pedestrian negotiation in public spaces Soni, Khushbu1; Agrawal, Ritesh1; Pikle, Sheetal1 1 VIVA School of Architecture Public spaces are a crucial intersection within the lifestyle in an urban scenario. Human behaviour and response to public space is unique and can be found in all cities. With similar narratives of consistent demands on the infrastructure, rising densities and increasing concerns in traffic conditions, cities in developing countries face comparable issues with respect to the usage of their public spaces. However, very little is still known about the behavioural pattern of users and pedestrians in the ever-changing public spaces in these cities and still leaves a lot to be explored. This paper attempts to bridge this gap in information and endeavours to bring out some common derivatives of behavioural patterns of pedestrian negotiations in a public space. The scope of the paper concentrates on studying the requisites in an urban context albeit within a set of defined conditions. These conditions are inclusive of, but not restricted to, consideration of cities in developing countries with a historical business and financial district. The study emphasizes on important and existing busy nodes of such situational manner to derive on parameters of ever-shifting user behaviour patterns. The paper culminates to conclude by drawing parallels for user response; keeping in account the variables of personal, situational and environmental factors; to public realm ideals in developing cities using an observational study. Keywords: Public realm; placemaking; behavioural pattern; urban design; pedestrian life 105 © AR-UP 2019 People and Environment Paper 61 Post-occupancy evaluation of the emergency departments: A holistic approach to promote healthcare architecture design standards Sorrour, Bassant1; Farouk, Akram1; Refaat, Mostafa1 1 Ain Shams University Healthcare facilities (HF) are complex environment to design, build and operate. Design guidelines define the spatial requirements of HF are interfacing stakeholders’ demands for satisfaction. Many details are left for HF operators to address causing a gap between designers and operators (e.g., emergency department (ED)). This detail is trends in term of room saturation, length of stay etc., tend to reform the concept design of ED. This research aims to narrow the gap between the designers’ knowledge about the built environment (BE) and the stakeholders’ claims for efficiency. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are undertaken to generate a checklist to guide designers to enhance performance of ED based on users’ experience. A quantitative analysis is used for post-occupancy evaluation (POE) by means of principles of evidence based design and survey on users’ experience in ED. A qualitative analysis is used for selected case studies using filtered measures from quantitative surveys. The selection of case studies are based on application of design guidelines of ED. Nationally ED in Dar Al-Foad Hospital (DAF), Giza and the extension of DAF, Cairo, were selected. Internationally the United Kingdom National Healthcare services (NHS), is utilizing a POE system for Brent Emergency Care Centre. Proportions between smooth flow among rates of admission and re-allocation of facilities were observed. This paper is limited to study ED operational demands. Further investigations should proceed concerning departments adjacent to ED applying the feedback from POE to have a holistic approach to the operational design of Hospitals. Keywords: Post-occupancy evaluation (POE); emergency department; ED; operational efficiency; patient experience; qualitative method; quantitative method 106 © AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook Index A C Akil Sami House .................... 99 Al Gamalia ....................... 52, 64 Al Kazerouni .......................... 99 Al Rehab City......................... 60 Al-Andalus Garden ................ 93 Alexandria .................. 43, 49, 55 algorithms................... 31, 35, 81 Al-Seeb................................... 51 ambience ................................ 67 architectural design ................ 31 architecture .... 11, 21, 25, 29, 31, 39, 46, 51, 61, 64, 67, 69, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 89, 99, 100 artificial intelligence .............. 20 Aswan............................... 43, 47 Atlantropa............................... 47 atmospheres ............................ 99 Azhar Park...................... 93, 101 CAD ........................................ 23 Cairo .. 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 37, 42, 43, 52, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64, 78, 81, 85, 88, 90, 92, 93, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106 children ... 21, 70, 76, 91, 97, 102 Cittaslow ................................. 87 Cittaslow Charter .................... 87 city branding ........................... 68 city centre................................ 90 climate change20, 38, 39, 47, 54, 63, 71 climatic change ....................... 42 coastal cities .......... 43, 49, 50, 55 cognitive map........................ 100 contemporary communities .... 94 Copenhagen ...................... 56, 57 cultural identity ....................... 94 culture responsive ................... 97 culture-based economy ......... 103 B D Bayt el Suhaymi ..................... 29 behavioural patterns ............. 105 Beirut ...................................... 59 BIM .......... 21, 23, 24, 25, 32, 44 bioinspired design .................. 85 biomimetic design .................. 85 biomimicry ....................... 78, 85 biophilic design .......... 35, 74, 91 building envelope ....... 35, 41, 44 building information modelling .............................. 23, 24, 25 built environment 11, 20, 34, 37, 67, 88, 89, 92, 102 Deleuze ................................... 98 DepthMapX ............................ 22 design education ..................... 85 developing countries ............... 96 Downtown Cairo ............. 58, 103 E ecological architecture .......... 102 ecological footprint ..... 56, 57, 59 ecological urbanism ................ 59 107 © AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook housing unit ............................ 89 human behaviour .................. 105 human life ....................... 93, 101 human needs ......................... 101 human resource ....................... 96 Egypt . 11, 13, 21, 25, 28, 29, 32, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 55, 58, 60, 63, 68, 72, 75, 76, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 93, 96, 97, 101, 102, 104 El Shorouk City .......... 29, 61, 68 El-Abbassi Square .................. 28 El-Fayoum City ...................... 87 energy consumption .... 4, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45 energy simulation ............. 35, 43 environmental psychology 35, 97 evidence-based approach ..... 100 I indoor environmental quality .. 95 indoor environments ............... 95 industrial heritage ................... 49 interview .. 52, 58, 60, 67, 90, 97, 102, 103 L F landmark ................................. 51 landscape. 47, 50, 60, 77, 98, 101 landscape management ........... 60 London .................................... 96 low-income neighbourhoods .. 89 facility management ............... 32 fortified city............................ 92 fourth industrial revolution .... 20 G M gated communities ..... 37, 90, 92 gentrification ........................ 103 geographic information systems .......................................... 21 GIS ............................. 21, 27, 42 Giza .......................... 58, 93, 106 green architecture . 30, 39, 69, 78 green spaces ........................... 93 Magra El-Oyoun ................... 102 Maslow ................................. 101 Mediterranean Sea .................. 47 mega housing development .... 96 mobility ................................... 34 motion parameters .................. 26 Muscat Governorate................ 51 H N Hassan Fathy ...................... 9, 99 healing environment ............... 91 healthcare architecture ... 97, 106 healthcare buildings ............... 97 healthcare facilities .......... 91, 97 Heliopolis ............................... 22 heritage .. 2, 3, 23, 24, 28, 29, 49, 50, 52, 61, 63, 94 heterogenous data ................... 23 historic urban landscape (HUL) .......................................... 50 historical buildings ........... 23, 24 nano-materials......................... 29 natural environment ................ 34 neighbourhood21, 22, 51, 58, 59, 66, 89, 90 net-zero energy building ......... 37 New Cairo City ................. 88, 90 newly planned cities ............... 88 night life ................................ 104 nightscape ............................. 104 Nile Delta ................................ 47 Nile River.......................... 47, 88 NZEB ...................................... 37 108 © AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook smart cities .............................. 34 smart technology ..................... 34 social attributes ....................... 93 social cohesion ................ 92, 102 social events ............................ 27 social policies........................ 103 social resilience ............... 63, 102 social sustainability ......... 94, 102 socio-economy ........................ 93 space of belonging .................. 98 space syntax ...................... 22, 88 spatial configuration ............... 88 stakeholders ... 21, 25, 33, 39, 52, 90, 96, 103, 106 street activities ...................... 104 street barriers .......................... 92 street children........................ 102 street networks ........................ 22 sustainability .. 20, 34, 56, 61, 69, 72, 82, 84, 94, 102 sustainability indicators .......... 94 sustainable architecture .... 74, 78, 82 sustainable cities ......... 20, 38, 66 sustainable design ....... 30, 82, 84 sustainable development .. 29, 69, 87, 88 swarm intelligence .................. 31 O occupants comfort .................. 95 Oman University of Nizwa .... 51 P Paolo Saturnini ....................... 87 Paris ........................................ 24 pediatric healthcare .......... 91, 97 physical environment ....... 76, 97 placemaking ................... 68, 105 POE ...................................... 106 post-occupancy evaluation .... 89, 106 psychological needs ............... 91 public parks .................... 93, 101 public realm.......................... 105 public spaces ...... 27, 28, 92, 105 public sustainability ............... 94 PV ………………………..37, 43 Q Qattara Depression ................. 47 qualitative method ... 60, 93, 101, 106 quality of life . 34, 56, 87, 89, 90, 93, 95, 101 quantitative method ........ 60, 106 questionnaire .............. 54, 83, 96 T R The International Park ............ 93 thermal performance ......... 35, 46 timber ...................................... 29 traditional communities .......... 94 Tunis village ........................... 87 Rab-Simha Synagogue ........... 64 regenerative cities ............ 56, 57 rehabilitation ................ 102, 103 renewable energy 11, 37, 38, 41, 43, 71 residential satisfaction ............ 89 Rosetta .................................... 50 U UHI ......................................... 42 Ulrich’s theory ........................ 97 Umm El Qura University ........ 74 UNESCO .................... 23, 49, 50 urban catalysts ........................ 49 S semi-transparent photovoltaic 46 sense of belonging .................. 98 109 © AR-UP 2019 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook urban design . 31, 51, 60, 92, 105 urban fabric ................ 22, 62, 98 urban heat island .................... 42 urban landscape ...................... 59 urban metabolism ....... 55, 57, 59 urban quality of life ................ 90 urban reality ........................... 98 urban regeneration.... 50, 59, 104 urban sprawl ........................... 98 V vivid experiences .................... 67 voids ........................................ 98 W Wakalahs................................. 52 Walk Score.............................. 22 well-being74, 90, 91, 95, 97, 101 workers performance .............. 95 110 Architecture & Urbanism… A Smart Outlook AR-UP 2019 Conference website: https://ar-up.eng.asu.edu.eg Conference venue: Hilton Heliopolis, Cairo Cairo, 2019