Spinning for god
Anne DrewsenICYE Leiden 2019
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At the start of Naqada II, a new material is being used all over Egypt. Linen textile, woven from flax, is used in most human burials (and a few animal burials) either as shrouds or as padding in an early form of mummification. The woven linen is also used for ritual purposes; to protect foundation deposits and as backing for plaster and paint in walls of ritual structures and artefacts. But when and how did this new material arrive, how was it produced, by whom and where? In Hierakonpolis, a large amount of textile tools for spinning are found in ritual contexts, making the question of whether textile for ritual use was also produced ritually relevant.
Related papers
Spinning and Weaving as Ancient Egyptian Inherited Crafts
Pharos International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 2023
The Egyptian spinners and weavers have not changed over the years; they usually preferred the traditional, safe procedures of production and hand tools rather than adopting newer methods. Both ancient and modern Egyptian spinners and weavers are famous for using very simple tools to produce lots of high-quality products. Modern Egyptians have maintained several working tools such as wooden combs, hand spindles, and horizontal and vertical looms, in addition to following the same manufacturing techniques as their ancestors. Therefore, this study highlights the significance of the inherited similarities between ancient and modern spinners and weavers by analysing some spinning and weaving scenes. The research aims to clarify the inherited raw materials, manufacturing techniques, tools, workshops, and production centers. On the other hand, it explains the integral role of female spinners and weavers, particularly those who reside in rural areas, as they are the greatest preservers of spinning and weaving heritage.
Spinning for the Gods?
ATR Archaeological Textile Review, 2020
Around 3500 BC, an adult elephant was sacrificed and buried in the elite cemetery of Hierakonpolis in the very south of Egypt. The elephant was given a burial similar to humans including a linen shroud. This shroud is just one of an impressive number of textiles found at the site illustrating a range of uses. The textiles of the late prehistory in Egypt, the predynastic period, have not yet been thoroughly researched, and the linen of the elephant’s shroud therefore presents a unique opportunity to consider the time used to produce it and the expertise of the spinners and weavers. The information from textile tools found at Hierakonpolis can now also be added to this story. The results of research into the elephant’s shroud and the textile tools question on our perception of prehistoric society in Egypt just before state formation, especially in relation to the organisation of textile production. Keywords: Egyptian prehistory, animal burial, linen shroud, spindle whorl
Textile Production in the Iron Age Ancient Near East
Clothing and Nudity in the Hebrew Bible, 2019
The Hebrew Bible (HB) 1 describes the relationship between God and the Israelite nation throughout the Iron Age. In other words, its primary goal is "spiritual culture. " Without "material culture, " however, spiritual culture cannot survive. In order to complete the HB's picture, this chapter will describe the material textile aspects, which both complement and support the spiritual ones. The HB is not a systematic source of information about historical material culture. This means that the omission of certain data from the biblical corpus does not indicate its nonexistence during the biblical period. Therefore, in some instances where there are no relevant biblical references or detailed descriptions are lacking, supplemental information may be gleaned from and enriched by external sources, including literary, pictorial, and archaeological evidence from the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt 2the Fertile Crescent. 3 Indeed, various topics within this category of textile material culture, including production and use, appear in the HB in different contexts. 1 English Bible translations are based on New Jewish Publication Society translation of the Jewish Bible (NJPS) and/or New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), with certain alterations made by the author. 2 Inferences regarding biblical material culture drawn from comparisons to ancient textile production in other lands or cultures must be approached with great care. Although textile production in general is similar in many different and dispersed cultures (this phenomenon has been referred to as industrial zeitgeist), some of the finer details may vary. Here are three examples: (1) Spindles all over the world are essentially the same, varying only in the shape, material, and position of the whorl. (2) The use of a distaff or not and if so, which method of usage-freestanding, handheld, or tucked into the belt. (3) Twist direction in spinning, either "S" (Egypt) or "Z" (southern Levant and Europe). See Bender, Textiles , 13, for the cultural aspects of these phenomena. 3 Postbiblical literary sources from the southern Levant include the Mishnah, Midrashim, Targumim, and Talmud and span the period of 70-500 CE. These texts contain a much wider selection of material culture topics and details. We do not claim that information originating in these sources necessarily reflects the Iron Age biblical period. However, it does raise the possibility that a more ancient, albeit undocumented, local tradition existed.
The Unwound Yarn. Birth and Development of Textile Tools Between Levant and Egypt
Quest'opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca' Foscari -Digital Publishing Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3246, 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ | [email protected] 1a edizione giugno 2018 ISBN 978-88-6969-232-1 [ebook] ISBN 978-88-6969-251-2 [print]
Spinning in the 5th Millennium in the Southern Levant: Aspects of the Textile Economy
Abstract: Artifacts and products related to spinning became relatively abundant in the southern Levant during the latter half of the 5th millennium BCE. Contrary to widespread scholarly opinions wool was not used for yarn production. Flax was the only fi bre used. All the sites with remains of textiles or evidence for intensifi cation of spinning are currently within the semi-arid zone, lacking the conditions favoured for fl ax cultivation or excess water for processing. A dramatic increase in spinning is attested by a profusion of lightweight, sherd spindle whorls used in the drop spinning technique at some of the semi-arid zone sites. In tandem with the pronounced rise in the frequency of whorls is the earliest known appearance of spinning bowls. Résumé : Au Levant sud, dans la seconde moitié du 5e millénaire av. notre ère, les artefacts et produits que l’on peut associer au fi lage deviennent relativement abondants. Contrairement à l’opinion généralement admise, la laine, à cette époque, ne sert pas à la fabrication du fi l, le lin constituant la seule matière utilisée. Les sites archéologiques ayant livré des restes de textiles ou ayant montré une intensifi cation du fi lage sont tous situés dans la zone aujourd’hui semi-aride ; celle-ci n’offre ni des conditions favorables à la culture du lin ni assez d’eau pour pouvoir le traiter. Toutefois, l’abondance de fusaïoles légères faites à partir de tessons, utilisées dans la technique du fi lage suspendu, témoignent du développement spectaculaire de cette technique. Parallèlement à l’augmentation prononcée du nombre de fusaïoles, on assiste à l’apparition des humidifi cateurs (mouilloirs). Keywords: Chalcolithic; Flax; Spindle whorl; Fibre wetting bowl. Mots-clés : Chalcolithique ; Lin ; Fusaïole ; Bol humidifi cateur (mouilloir).
Burial Threads: A Late Antique Textile and the Iconography of the Virgin Annunciate Spinning
Interdisciplinary Studies in Textiles and Dress in Antiquity: Oxford , 2015
Some of the most ordinary, yet fragile, artifacts related to death and burial are textile remains preserved in the arid gravesites of Egypt. Following the initial fascination of the late 19th century with digging up Egyptian burial artifacts, the study of late antique textiles enjoyed a revival of sorts that began during the 1970s. This renewed appeal was due in part to the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s exhibition, The Age of Spirituality. Since then, several scholars have acknowledged the rare antiquity and exceptional quality of the finest textile finds, while ignoring others. This study examines an early Coptic Annunciation textile that has received little scholarly attention. This linen fragment, when examined with an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes iconographic, historical and patristic evidence, will help underscore the function of Annunciation iconography as a model of Christian matronly virtue.
2019. "Spinning North and South. The great divide in textile craft technologies in Meroitic Sudan and Nubia (0-550 CE)". VII PURPUREAE VESTES INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, Redefining textile handcraft. Structures, tools and production processes. Granada University, Spain, 03/10/2019.
This paper will present a broad overview of spinning practices in ancient Sudan during the Classic and Late Meroitic period (0-550 CE). It will call upon different types of archaeological sources, focussing its attention on the textile fibres and the tools used for their transformation into thread. The Meroitic textile industry has been known for quite a long time now, and is magnificently illustrated by the well-preserved textiles found in the northern part of the kingdom, in Nubia, mainly on cemetery sites. The past two decades have seen a great renewal of interest for the excavation of settlement sites in Central Sudan, which shed light onto previously little known aspects of textile production in the political core of the Meroitic territory. Many textile implements were notably discovered within occupation layers, especially spindle whorls. They document the organisation of textile craft, and provide interesting counter-points to the preserved fabrics. Interestingly, the thousands of spindle whorls dated to this period in Sudan present a sharp divide: the Nubian ones are generally made of turned wood while the ones from Central Sudan are made of ceramic. This material difference could have had various justifications. Is it the visible marker of different spinning technologies? Did it reflect different textile traditions? This paper will explore these questions, while presenting ongoing work on the spinning tools discovered in Sudan.
Shamir O. 2007. Textiles, Loom Weights and Spindle Whorls. In: Excavations at Kadesh Barnea (Tell El-Qudeirat) 19761982. 2 Vols
Online Review, 2009
Tools and Textiles - Texts and Contexts Examination of spinning and weaving samples
2006
The experimental archaeological project “Tools and Textiles Texts and Contexts” included analyses of 12 spinning samples and one piece of woven fabric, all made of wool. As with all of the experiments in this project, the samples were produced by two different people. In the first stage of this investigation, no information was given concerning the spinners – i.e., which sample was done by whom or about the tools with which the experiments had been carried out.
Association for Students of Egyptology
International Congress for Young Egyptologists
21-24 August, Leiden University,
the Netherlands
Preliminary programme
1 of 9
Conference locations
Opening 21 August: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Rapenburg 28, 2311 EW Leiden
Congress venue 22-24 August: Lipsius building, Cleveringaplaats 1, 2211 BD Leiden
Congress dinner 22 August: Hortus Botanicus (Botanical Gardens), Rapenburg 37, 2311 GJ Leiden
Movie night 23 August: Lipsius building, room 005, Cleveringaplaats 1, 2311 BD Leiden
Netherlands Institute for the Near East (NINO-library): Witte Singel 25, 2311 BG Leiden
Congress venue: Lipsius building
• Plenary sessions: Lipsius 005
• Book market: Lipsius 030
• Interdisciplinary session Thursday 22
August: Lipsius 001
• Egyptology in Leiden Saturday 24
August: Lipsius 001
• Workshop Epigraphy: NINO library
• Workshops: Lipsius 002, 147, 307
• Panel discussions: Lipsius 005
• Poster sessions: Hallway Lipsius
2 of 9
WEDNESDAY 21 AUGUST
Time
Ac'vity
Loca'on
15.00-17.00
Registra/on
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
17.15
Word of welcome & opening lecture
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
18.15-19.00
Opening drinks
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
THURSDAY 22 AUGUST
Time
Ac'vity
Loca'on
9.00-11.00
Morning session I
Lipsius 005
9.00-10.00
Keynote lecture: dr. Willemijn Waal: Eternal peace and brotherhood on a silver tablet.
Reconstruc/ng the original treaty document of Ramses II and HaMusili III.
Lipsius 005
10.00-11.00
Plenary presenta/ons (3 x)
Lipsius 005
10.00-10.20
Silvia Callagher: The Meroi/c palace of Natakamani at Napata: A paradigm of syncre/sm
10.20-10.40
Mariam Mohamed: Treasures of underwater archaeology — case study Alexandria - Egypt
10.40-11.00
Adel Kelany: Transporta/on methods in the ancient granite quarries at Aswan, Upper Egypt
11.00-11.20
Coffee break
Lipsius hall
11.20-13.00
Morning session II
Lipsius
Plenary presenta/ons (5 x)
Lipsius 005
11.20-11.40
Elena Hertel: Reading the unreadable — digital tools to help with epigraphic challenges
11.40-12.00
Toon Sykora: Documen/ng Djehu/hotep’s tomb in Dayr al-Barsha: Digital epigraphy and 3D
recording
12.00-13.00
Post-colonial Egypt & the history of Egyptology
12.00-12.20
Hylke HeMema: Straight Egyp/an Arabians: Finding the Pharaoh’s horse
3 of 9
Time
Ac'vity
12.20-12.40
Lawrence Webb: Have the Bri/sh Museums successfully addressed early 20th century concep/ons
of prehistoric and ancient Sudan?
12.40-13.00
Jakob Schneider: Archaism in ancient Egypt — Or what’s lee of it
13.00-14.20
Lunch
14.20-16.00
Aeernoon session I
Lipsius
14.20-16.00
Workshops & panel discussions
Lipsius
14.20-16.00
Panel discussion: Post-colonial Egypt
Lipsius 005
14.20-15.00
15.10-16.00
Workshop: How to write a proper CV: Linda Goltsche
Workshop: How to write a proper cover leMer: Linda Goltsche
Lipsius 307
14.20-15.00
15.10-16.00
Workshop: Digital Egyptology: Photogrammetry: Nicky van de Beek (MA)
Workshop: Financing your research
Lipsius 147
15.20-16.00
Workshop abnormal Hiera/c: dr. Koen Donker van Heel
Lipsius 002
15.20-16.00
Workshop epigraphy: Prof. dr. Olaf Kaper
NINO-library
16.00-16.40
Coffee break
16.40-17.40
Loca'on
Poster session
Judith Jurjens: Being and becoming a scribe: The teaching of Khety and its use as an educa/onal
tool in ancient Egypt
Antonio Muñoz Herrera: New considera/ons on the da/ng and role of TT320 in the light of new
discoveries of the C2 project
Ali Hassan: The geographical iden/ty of power in the Thirteenth dynasty
Elissa Day: Where do the du/es of the vizier fit within the realm of ancient Egyp/an texts?
Tokihisa Higo: Dualism applied to the concept of Maat
Hugh Cullimore: The hieroglyphics of Horapollo and its influence on high renaissance iconography
Hallway Lipsius
Mul/-disciplinary session
Lipsius 001
Aeernoon session II
Lipsius
4 of 9
Time
Ac'vity
Loca'on
Plenary presenta/ons (3 x)
Lipsius 005 (135), klas
16.40-17.00
Divina Centore: Materiality and regionalisa/on of Egypt through the reassemblage of archaeological
contexts of the end of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period
17.00-17.20
Arianna Sacco: It’s a small world aeer all: Networks in ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate
Period
17.20-17.40
Kylie Cortebeeck: What’s in a type? Towards a regional characterisa/on of First Intermediate Period
and early Middle Kingdom ceramics
17.40
Closing session
Lipsius 005
18.00
Doors open: Hortus Botanicus
Hortus Botanicus
19.00 - 22.00
Conference dinner
Hortus Botanicus
FRIDAY 23 AUGUST
Time
Activity
Location
9.00-11.00
Morning session I
Lipsius
9.00-10.00
Keynote lecture: dr. Sarah Schrader: Osteoarchaeology in the Nile Valley: What bones can tell us
about ancient life
Lipsius 005
10.00-11.20
Plenary presentations (4 x)
Lipsius 005
10.00-10.20
Sofie Schiødt: Explaining illness in pharaonic Egypt
10.20-10.40
Gabriele Mario Conte: The disease-demon nsy: a case study of ancient Egyptian demonology
10.40-11.00
Mélie Louys: Comparative study of two series of skulls from the XIth and XVIIIth dynasty
11.00-11.20
Asmaa Elsayegh: Recent discoveries: The sanitation system in Deir Anba Hadra
11.20-11.40
Coffee break
11.40-13.00
Morning session II
Lipsius
5 of 9
Time
Activity
Location
Plenary presentations (4 x)
Lipsius 005
Book of the Dead & religion
11.40-12.00
Ivan Rodríguez Lopez: Experiences and challenges in deciphering the Book of the Dead papyrus
Havana
12.00-12.20
Raizza Texeira dos Santos: Burying gods and goddesses: The role of divine statues in royal tombs
of the New Kingdom
12.20-12.40
Valeria Tappetti: The solar hymns between text transmission and religious discourse: The New
Kingdom and 25th-26th dynasties Theban productions
12.40-13.00
Guilherme Borges Pires: An organ, a word, a plan, a craft - cosmogonical processes and
mechanisms in Egyptian New Kingdom Religious hymns
13.00-14.20
Lunch
14.20-16.00
Afternoon session I
14.20-15.40
Workshops & panel discussions (2 x 40 min)
14.20-15.40
Panel discussion: Ethics in Egyptology
Lipsius
14.20-15.40
Workshop: Presentation skills
Lipsius 002
14.20-15.40
Workshop: Ostraca & pottery
Lipsius 147
14.20-15.00
15.00-15.40
Workshop: Database Egyptian Museum in Cairo: Marwa Badr el Deen (MA)
Workshop: Using your skills on the job market: Linda Goltsche
Lipsius 307
15.40-16.00
Coffee break
16.00-18.00
Afternoon session II
Lipsius
16.00-18.00
Plenary presentations (6 x)
Lipsius 005
Texts, papyri & scribal practises
6 of 9
Time
Activity
Location
16.00-16.20
Halely Harel: ‘…and they all made a BRT’: Semitic loanwords in New Kingdom texts as cultural
goods
16.20-16.40
Lucia Langerak: Gardiner F27 and animal categories in Ramesside Egypt
16.40-17.00
Juan José Archidona Ramírez: The systematic use of dots in abnormal hieratic administrative texts
17.00-17.20
Ida Christensen: Papyrus Carlsberg 101: An astrological manual from the Tebtunis temple library
17.20-17.40
Patricia Zulli: Disruptive elements in Ancient Egyptian literature: A structural analysis
17.40-18.00
Jorke Grotenhuis: Regional variation in coffin texts
19.00
Movie night: Al Mummia
Lipsius 005
SATURDAY 24 AUGUST
Time
Activity
Location
9.00-11.00
Morning session I
Lipsius 005
9.00-10.00
Keynote lecture III: TBA
Lipsius 005
10.00-10.40
Workshops
10.00-10.40
Workshop: Practical aspects and challenges of doing research in Egypt: dr. Carina van den Hoven
Lipsius 005
10.00-10.40
Workshop: Photography: Nicola Dell’Aquila (MA)
Lipsius 002
10.00-10.40
Workshop: Art history: dr. des. Frederik Rogner
Lipsius 147
10.00-10.40
Workshop: How to write a PhD-proposal
Lipsius 307
10.40-11.00
Coffee break
11.00-13.00
Morning session II
Lipsius
Plenary presentations (6 x)
Lipsius 005
7 of 9
Time
Activity
Location
Images & representations
11.00-11.20
Megan Clark: The iconography and identity of paddle dolls: Gaudy or godly?
11.20-11.40
Anneke Stracke: A large statue of Taweret: Examining a large statue of Taweret and its find location,
in relation to other large statues of the goddess, in order to determine its original context
11.40-12.00
Seria Yamazaki: Adorning the deceased: Middle Kingdom jewellery in object friezes and in reality
12.00-12.20
Marina Sartori: Perspectives on agency in New Kingdom Theban tombs
12.20-12.40
Héloise Smets: About ‘’archaism’’ of slaughter scenes in Late Period tombs in the Theban region
12.40-13.00
Meg Lisle: ‘One who answers’: Female mourners in New Kingdom funerary ritual
13.00-14.00
Lunch organised by the ICYE 2019 committee: koshari!
14.00-16.00
Afternoon session I
14.00-16.00
Plenary presentations (6 x)
Lipsius cafeteria
Lipsius 005
Governance
14.00-14.20
Benedikt Fuchs: New officials from the court of Sahure
14.20-14.40
Helen Neale: Level of the Nile flood of Year X: The Nile flood records of the late Middle Kingdom as
an ideological tradition
14.40-15.00
Francesco de Gaetano: Commanders and soldiers of the Oryx nome: An example of military
personnel and army manpower for early Middle Kingdom Egypt
15.00-15.20
Kimberly Watt: The locus of behind the scenes: Administrative spaces
15.20-15.40
Eva Maria Hemauer: Transforming elites and dying empires: The influence of the Levantine-Egyptian
upper class on the Late Bronze Age collapse
15.40-16.00
John Rogers: A ‘’diplomatic intermediary’’ of the early Saite era: Pakheref, ‘’Overseer of
waterways’’, and his statues
16.00-16.40
Coffee break
8 of 9
Time
Activity
Location
Poster session II
Hallway lipsius
Asmaa Ibrahim: Unpublished collection of pottery in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
Hayley Goddard: A tale of two and a half mummies: An intrusive burial from the tomb of Karabasken
(TT391)
Jayme Rudolf Reichart: A catalogue of garden scenes from 24 private Theban tombs dated to the
18th dynasty pre-Amarna
Marie-Emmanuelle Dauphin: My kingdom for a bark shrine: New inquiries of Ramesses III’s temple
in Karnak
Tessa Litecky: All the king’s horses: Stable management in New Kingdom Egypt
16.40-18.40
Egyptology in Leiden session
Lipsius 001
Afternoon session II
Lipsius
Plenary presentations (6 x)
Lipsius 005
Mummies, papyri & people
16.40-17.00
Bente Blasgaard Jensen: The personal wealth of Dhutmose
17.00-17.20
Anne Drewsen: Spinning for the gods?
17.20-17.40
Veerle van Kersen: The Wiedemann collection of mummy wrappings at the Royal Museum of Art
and History in Brussels
17.40-18.00
Carmen Muñoz Perez: Putting the right amulet on the mummy: A new approach of ancient Egyptian
texts
18.00-18.20
Marco de Pietri: Some peculiar scribal features of an unpublished Amduat papyrus at the
Archaeological Museum of the University of Pavia
18.20-18.40
Hasnaa Abdellatif: Stereotype or otherwise (P.GEM 66796)?
18.40-19.00
Closing session
Lipsius 005
9 of 9
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