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Zolai Standard Format

2018

"Zolai Standard Format" is a book about Zomi literature, Zolai, authored by LTTuang (Lian Than Tuang). Zomi literature (Zolai) has been upgraded to a set of guidelines for the standardization of Zomi literature (Zolai) used by Zomi national. The Zolai Standard Format refers to rules and conventions for writing and formatting the language, such as the use of vowels, adopted words, grammar, and punctuation. The format aims to unify the written language, making it consistent and more accessible to teach, learn and use. This standardization is crucial for preserving the language and ensuring its continued use in education, literature, and daily communication within the Zomi community. The standard is based on Unicode (an international encoding standard for use with different languages and scripts). Each letter, digit, or symbol is assigned a unique numeric value that applies across various platforms and programs. For a detailed understanding of the Zolai Standard Format, refer to the document authored by L T Tuang.

Zolai Standard Format Minambup Zolai gelhzia a kibatkim theih nading Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang) 20 December 2018 (Thursday) Zolai STANDARD Format ZON OLNA Thupatna .......................................................................................................................................... 2 (1) Zolai Standard Format ............................................................................................................. 3 (2) Zolai Vowels ........................................................................................................................... 4 (3) Namdanglaite Zatpihna (Adopted Words) .............................................................................. 5 (4) Laimal Gawmna Le Halna In A Khiatna A Kilamdang Sakna ............................................... 6 (5) Awkaih ii Khel Laimalgawm Pawlkhat .................................................................................. 8 (6) Laimal Gawmzia Le Zat Nading Munte ................................................................................. 9 (7) Khat Bek Le A Tamzaw ........................................................................................................ 12 (8) Genna Le Dotna .................................................................................................................... 13 (9) Sawlna Le Kamkhumna ........................................................................................................ 14 (10) Ahipak Suaksak Kammalte ................................................................................................... 14 (11) A Kilanghsak Kammalte ....................................................................................................... 15 (12) Kammal Lomte ...................................................................................................................... 15 (13) Kammal Tomlaakna .............................................................................................................. 15 (14) “A” le “Ki” ii Laimal Gawm Le Hal ..................................................................................... 16 (15) “G” le “Ng” ........................................................................................................................... 16 (16) Apostrophe ( ’ ) Zatna Mun ................................................................................................... 18 (17) ah, uhhi, ahi hi. ...................................................................................................................... 18 (18) Minpi Le Minneu ................................................................................................................... 20 (19) Laimalgawm Khat, Khiatna Tuamtuam A Neite ................................................................... 21 (20) Khiatna Kibang/Kinai, Kammal Kibanglo Le A Kilehbulhpihte .......................................... 21 (21) Deihna A Gen Kammalte ...................................................................................................... 25 (22) Laimal Zatzia (Grammar) ...................................................................................................... 27 (23) Sepna Lak Le Minna Suahna ................................................................................................. 29 (24) Hihna Tellak Le Minna Suahna ............................................................................................. 30 (25) A hun Lakna .......................................................................................................................... 30 (26) Hi Leh Hoihzaw Ding Hi....................................................................................................... 31 (27) Mailam Ah ............................................................................................................................. 31 1 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format THUPATNA Zolai pen Latin phonetic siksanin kibawl ahi hi. Tuhun ciang khangthakte in English phonetic siksanin lai sinzaw uhhi. Tua ahih manin Latin phonetic siksanin a kigelh Zolai a sim uh ciang Zopau awsuahin suak nawnlo hi. Tua panin Zopau awsuah ngah nading English phonetic siksan aa hong kigelh leh Zolai gelhzia pen khat le khat hong kibanglo semsem kha ding hi. Tua ahih manin Zolai Standard Format khat kician takin a om zawh ding kisampha mahmah hi. A om zawhkei zenzen leh, mailam ah Zolai gelhzia hong buaihuai mahmah ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tu bekin zongh, India lam Zomi le Myanmar lam Zomite ii lai gelhzia kibang zo nawnlokhinta hi. US, UK, Canada, Australia cih bang dan English a kilim zatna gam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia le Myanmar gam lam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia zongh damdamin hong kidan semsem khak ding hoihlo hi. Tua baanah, English phonetic lah a zanglo, Latin phonetic zongh a zanglo gam tuamtuam aa tung Zomi khangthakte ii Zolai gelhzia zongh a tuampi khat hong suak kha thei lai ding hi. Tua ahih manin minambup in lai gelhziate a luanzia khat a kibatkim theih nadingin Zolai ah zongh Standard Format kician khat a om ding thupi mahmah hi. Tua bek thamlo, Zomi khangthakte aa kipan namdangte in Zolai a sin nop uh leh sinzia olin, sinna a nuam ding, kiciantak aa lak theih, hilh theih dingin Standard Format khat Zolai in a neih zawh ding kisam mahmah hi. A zon ol na? Ol (adj) Ol mah. Adj pen a nung ah “na” tawh mat lehang Noun suak hi. A olna bang hiam? Ol na le Olna cihte ii a khiatna kibanglo hi. 2 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (1) ZOLAI STANDARD FORMAT Zolai Standard Format ahi Zolai ii paizia, a thu a la zui-in laimalte gawmzia, halzia, kimatsak, kihalsak dingte i theih naak leh i gelh nop peuhpeuh a thu zui-in kigelh thei hi. Tua ahih manin, Zolai pen Zopau kammal khat sim ah bangci malgawm ding cih sin gaih tektek a kul hilo hi. Zolai Standard Format zui tekin lai gelh hilehang, Zolai pen mikim in a i gelhzia hong kibang thei ding hi. Mikim ii Zolai gelhzia a kibat theih nadingin Format kician khat kisam ahi hi. “Zolai Standard Format i cihin bang dan hiam?” cih a nuai ah laigual khat tawh gentehna kimu thei hi. (1) (2) (3) (4) Ki pawl na ding in ki pawl na ding ni. Kipawlna ding in kipawlna ding ni. Kipawlna dingin kipawlna ding ni. Kipawl nadingin kipawlna ding ni. Zolai Standard Format ah hih atung aa laigual liteng pan no.4 na pen a dikpen ahi hi. Kipawl pen Verb hi aa, Kipawlna pen Noun ahi hi. "na" zatna mun, "na" zat nading Noun Infinitive Verb pan Noun suahna Verb pen Geelna, Sawmna, Deihna ah zatna Verb + “na” = Noun Verb + Infinitive marker = nading (English ah "to") Pai + na = Paina Pai + nading = Pai nading Gtn. - 3 Ka paina ah nong pai nading kong zawn hi. (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Behlap ding: Amai aa verb tawh +na I behlap ciang, noun suak hi. Amai aa verb tawh +na behlapin anung noun suak aa, anung ah proper noun khat in a zuih leh, noun 2 kizom suak aa, amai aa +na tawh kibawl noun pen adjective suak hi. Gtn. Itna (Noun) pen, anung ah proper noun khat tawh I gawm ciang, Adj suak hi. Itna Pasian, Itna Innpi. Adang khat lai: Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj in a zuih leh sentence hi-in sepna lakna hi. Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj I mat pen noun suahna hi. Gtn. Pasian thu gen mah hi. (thu gen = Pasian thu a gen mah hi. = a thu a genna) Pasian thugen mah hi. (thugen = Amah pen Pasian thu a gen mi mah hi. = a mi a genna) Pasian thugen khat Pasian thu genin buai mahmah hi. Mang (noun) Pha (adj) = mangpha, mangsia, manglamdang* Thu (noun) Pha (adj) = thupha, thuhoih, thusia, thulamdang* Khin, Khit cihte amai aa tawh I mat leh, a mai aa kammal a laihna hi. Adang khat lai: Ahih lam, ahihloh lam, ahih peuhmahloh lam, ahihloh uh, ahih manin, ahih manun cihte limtak table tawh lak lai ding. Tua ciang, tua ciangin, ahih ciang, tua ahih ciangin, tua ahih manin, tua ahih manun, tua ahih lam (2) ZOLAI VOWELS Zolai ah “a”, “e”, “i”, “o”, “u” le “aw” cih vowel mal 6 om hi. Zolai ah laimal a tamzaw thamtham pen hih vowels te pan khat teitei kihel hamtang hi. Hih vowels te tung ah lai malgawm ii awsuah kinga hi. Vowels te a mun diktak ah i zat theihkei aa leh a awsuah zongh hong kidang pah lian ding hi. Gtn. Tan – Ten – Tin – Ton – Tawn – Tun 4 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format A diakdiakin vowels “o” le “aw” pen kikhial kha baih thei hi. Hih vowels nih i zat khialh leh a khiatna a tuampi suak hi. Gtn. Toi – Tawi, Khoi – Khawi, Khom – Khawm, Poi – Pawi (3) NAMDANGLAITE ZATPIHNA (ADOPTED WORDS) Zopau ahilo namdangte’ lai i zatpihna ah amau malgawm bang teekteek mahin i gawmpih, i zatpih ding mah hoih penpen hi. Tua ahih manin, namdangpau khatpeuh i zat ciang a nung a mai ah laimal behlaploh ding thupi hi. Gtn. Computers te ci-in gelh ding hi ding aa, computerte – computerste cih bangin gelh huailo hi. Zolai ah a tam i gen ciang “te” kilim zat aa, a mai aa Zolaimal tawh kimatsakding ahi hi. Gtn. Noteng le naupangte na omkhawm un. Ahi zongin tua “te/teng” cih pen namdanglai i gelhna ah i mat khakloh ding hoih hi. 5 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (4) LAIMAL GAWMNA LE HALNA IN A KHIATNA A KILAMDANG SAKNA Te/Teng, Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Sem, Pen, Ciang, Khawm Plural Noun Te/Teng (Adj/v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Te/Teng (Plural noun) pen a mai aa Noun tawh i mat leh tua Te/Teng in a mai aa Noun pen Plural noun (khat sangin a tamzaw) suaksak hi. Gtn. Tua a te ziahziah kham manphate nei le uh cin, khuapi sung ah noteng na teng zo ding uhhi. *Plural Noun a suak sak, “te/teng” pen a mai aa Noun tawh mat hamtang ding. Adverb Lua (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Lua (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lua in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen Adverb suaksak hi. Gtn. Zu tam dawnluain lua hi. *Adverb pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Prefix Lo (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Lo (Prefix) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lo in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi. Gtn. Hih lo hoihlo hi. *Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Prefix Kei (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Kei (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Kei in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi. Gtn. Kei bel laukei ing. *Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. 6 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Comparative Zaw (adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Zaw (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Zaw in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Hih ciang zawlua in a hoihzaw khat va zong ni. (Gol, Golzaw) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Comparative Sem (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Sem (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Sem in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Na semkhawm thei ding i hih manin lungdamsem ei. (Neu, Neusem) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Comparative Pen (Adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Pen (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Pen in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Tua pen hoihpen hi. (Hoih, Hoihzaw, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) (Hoih, Hoihsem, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Conjunction/Time Ciang (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Ciang (conj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Ciang in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen pau kizom suaksak hi. Ciang (time) pen hun i genna ah malkhat in gawm ding hi. Gtn. Zingciang ciang khat tawh nong pai ciang kimu ni. Tua ciang ken zongh thaiciang ading ciang khat hong tawi ning. Tuakhit ciangin semkhawm ni. * Conjunction/Time pen laimal mat khatin mat/gawm hamtang ding. Verb Khawm (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Khawm (v) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Khawm in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a khiatna behlap hi. Gtn. Khawmpi pai dingin Lia Khawm in mi pawlkhat khawmtuah aa paikhawm uhhi. *Adverb pen a nung/mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. 7 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Hih teng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. (5) AWKAIH II KHEL LAIMALGAWM PAWLKHAT Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Khawm, Lamdang, Thang, Thupi, Kap, Thei Luat/Lua = Na khedaptul sangluain a sangluat ciang kilawm nawnlozaw hi. Loh/Lo = Nong pailoh ciang kei zongh pailo pah hing. Keh/Kei = Kei ka paikeh, nang zongh na paikei oo. Zawk/Zaw = Nang kong teelzawk manin mi dangte in zongh nang mah hong teelzaw pah uhhi. Khop/Khawm = Noteng na paikhop uh ciang kei zongh no tawh paikhawm nuam ing. Lamdan/Lamdang = Lamdang na cihcih uhhang’ a kilamdanna thei zokei ing. Than/Thang = Min thanna pen Pasian aa hi aa, a min thang tawntung tahen. Thupit/Thupi = Na thupitna ka theih semsem ciang thupi ong sa semsem ing. Kap/Kah = Ka kap leh ka kahna aw ngaihlua. Thei/Theih = Thu theih nadingin thu theite dong ni. 8 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. Lai (noun) Lai malgawm = noun + verb, Laimal gawm = noun + verb Laimal (noun) Laimal tampi malgawm theilo hi ing. Laimalgawm (noun) Laimalgawm tampi ka malgawm theihloh om hi. Malgawm (verb) Lai tampi sim lehang a malgawm zongh kisiam tuam hi. Gawm (verb) Laimal gawm dan zongh thei khang ae. (6) LAIMAL GAWMZIA LE ZAT NADING MUNTE Lua Mahmah Giklua ahih manin kipua zokei ei. Gik mahmah ahih manin ka deih dan lian hi. Lua = A tamzaw ah negative deihlohna lam ah kizangzaw hi. Mahmah = A tamzaw ah positive deihna, hoihsakna lam ah kizangzaw hi. Hong Ong Nang hong paizaw ve. Kei ong paizaw ning. Hong = Thugen pen in mi dangte a bulphuhna ah zangh hi. Ong = Thugen pen in a mah le a mah a kibulphuhna ah zangh hi. Hing Ing Ong pai ding hing. Ong pai ing. Hing = Ahi ding, ahi nailote ah kizangh hi. Ing = Ahita, ahi laitakte ah kizangh hi. Hih pen a taktakin “hi ing”, “Pasal hi ing” ci aa kigenna pan “hing” cih a tomin kilo hi aa picing takin lai i gelhnate ah “hi ing” mah ci-in gelh ciatciat lehang thupit suah semsem ding hi. 9 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Leng Lehang Ong pai leng aive. Pai lehang aive. Leng =Khat kia genna ah kizangh hi. Lehang = Khat sangin a tamzaw genna ah kizangh hi. Leh Le Nong pai leh kimu ni ei. Nulepa tawh nang le kei i paikhop leh mawtaw zangh ni. Leh = Ahi thei, ahilo theite ah kizangh hi. (English ah “if”) Le = khat le khat kikal gennate ah kizangh hi. “Hong pai leh aive” cihnate ah “if” lian bel hilo hi. (English ah “and”) I/Ei Uh Eiteng i mawtaw tawh i paikhawm dia? Ka mawtaw tawh a paikhawm nuam uh dia? Kong zawn uhhi. i kizawn hi. I/Ei = Ei le ei i kigenna ah khat sangin i tamzawk leh kizangh hi. Note: “i”, “ei” cihte i zat naak leh khat sangin tamzaw cih theihsa hi khin pah aa, “uh” cih kammal tawh zatkhop kul nawnlo hi. Uh = Mi dangte ahi zong, ei le ei ahi zong i genna ah khat sangin a tamzawk leh kizangh hi. Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo hi. In Un Hong pai in. Amah in an a nek laitakin ka tung uhhi. Hong pai un. Amaute in an a nek laitakun ka tung hi. In = Khat bek tung ah genna Un = Khat sangin a tamzaw tung ah genna An a ne pen khat bek hi aa, tua laitakin a tung pen khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi. An a ne pen khat sangin tamzaw aa, tua laitakin a tung pen khat bek cihna hi. Noun/Verb + In In Naupangte in an ne nuamta uhhi, an na pia in. Tuang in an a nek laitakin puan na sawp in. In = A sem a bawl /a hih ding khatpeuh in a gen hun ciang “in” pen kituam gelh hi. In = Kammal kizomin zatnate ah a mai aa laimal tawh kimat hi. 10 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Se Sia Puan se phop na siam na? Puan sia phop na siam na? Se = Kampau ciang “se” cih bangin kiza kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo hi. Sia = Lai-in i gelh ciang “sia” mah ci in kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Khaw Khua A 79 veina Khawdo pawipi Na khua vuah a 80 veina Khuado pawipi lai, khuadam mahmah hi. Khaw = Kampau ciang “khaw” cih bangin kiza kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo hi. Khua = Lai-in i gelh ciang “khua” mah ci in kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Hia Hiam Na gim hia? Na gim hiam? Hia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua Hiam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “hiam” mah ci-in gelh bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh hi. cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Dia Diam Nong pai dia? Nong pai diam? Dia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua Diam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “diam” mah ci-in gelh bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh hi. cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. A Aa A mawtaw tawh a zin aa gamlapi pai hi. A inn aa mawtaw pen a ma aa ahih cianga a ma thuthu hi. A = Noun ii mai ah ahih leh laimal halin “a” mal khat bek zat ding ahi hi. Aa = Noun ii nung ah ahih leh laimal halin “aa” mal nih zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah, neihsa genna ah zongh zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah laigual kizopna (half sentence) ii a nung ah zongh zat ding hi. Gtn. Amah tawh kong pai lai aa a mawtaw kisa hi. 11 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format I ii I mawtaw hoih hi. I mawtaw ii a mei tanglua hi. i vengte ii mawtaw mei tawh kibang. I = “I” mal khat bek pen Noun ii mai ah kilim zat diak hi. ii = “ii” mal nih pen Noun ii nung ah kilim zat diak hi. Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. (7) KHAT BEK LE A TAMZAW Khat bek Khat sang’ a tamzaw - Uh A pai *hi. A pai uhhi. In Un Hong pai in. Hong pai un. (Mi dang khat tung genna.) (Mi dangte tung genna.) Ing Ung Ong pai ing. Ong pai ung. (Amah le amah a kigenna) (Amau le amau a kigenna) Ka I Ka pai hi. I pai hi. Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo hi. 12 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Leng/Le ing Lehang/Le ung Pai leng hoih ding hi. Pai lehang hoih ding hi. A pai hi le ing maw, hoih mah diven. A pai hi le ung maw, hoih mah diven. Ning Ni Pai ning. Pai ni. (Amah le amah a kigenna) (Amau le amau a kigenna) Oo/Ve Vo/Vua Pai oo. Pai ve. Pai vo. Pai vua, pai un. Pai ve vua. (8) GENNA LE DOTNA Genna Dotna? Ding/Di Dia? Na sem ding hi. Na sem dia? Hi Hiam? Na sem hi. Na sem hiam? In Na? Na sem in. Na sem na? 13 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (9) SAWLNA LE KAMKHUMNA Sawlna Kamkhum suahzawk diakna In Ve Na gen in. Na gen ve. Oo Sak Oo, Sak ve, Sak vevua Na gen oo. Na gensak oo. Na gensak ve. Na gensak vevua. Vo Vua Na gen vo. Na gen vevua. (10) AHIPAK SUAKSAK KAMMALTE Dih Pak Hong pai dih. Hong paipak. Hong paipak oo. Hong paipak dih. Sai/Saisai Zal Hong paisai dih. Hong pai saisai dih. Hong paipaksai dih. Hong pai pak saisai dih. Hong paizal dih. Hong paipakzal dih. Hong paizalzal dih. Zial Zual Na sep sakzial oo. Na sep sakzialpak oo. Na sep sakzual oo. Na sep sakzualpak dih. 14 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (11) A KILANGHSAK KAMMALTE Dangdang, Dengdang, Dialdual, Dualdual Genggang, Geigai, Geelgaal, Gega Heihai, Heihoi, Hemham, Heha Kelkol, Kelkai, Kiahkuah, Keikai, Keukau, Kilkel, Kekkok, Kiakua, Kengkang, Kekaa Lemlam, Lemlum, Lela, Liakluak, Lillel, Lellul, Lenglong, Lenglangh, Liangluang Melmul, Melmal, Mema, Memmam, Meumau, Milmel Pheiphai, Pheiphoi, Phelphal Veivai, Veivoi, Viavua, Velval, Vievei Zialzual, Zipzup, Zekzawk, Zekzak Hih bang dan a dang a kilanghsakkammal tampi om lai hi. (12) KAMMAL LOMTE Zopau ah kammal pawlkhat pen a lomlomin kigenkhawm tangtang se hi. Tuate pen laimal mat gaih ding mah hoih hi. Gtn. Innlelo, Nulepa, Ulenau, khualetui, Kiimlepaam, Zileta, Itlengaih, zawdeuh (hoihzawdeuh), cbd… (13) KAMMAL TOMLAAKNA Gtn. (gtn.) = Gentehna Adt. (adt.) = Adangte Cbd. (cbd.) = Cihbangdan Ahk. (ahk.) = Ahihkeh Akl. (akl.) =Aihkei leh/ Ahihkei leh Tg. = Taang (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.) Las. = Lasa, La siam, Lasak siam (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.) Tom laakna ah “.” dot khat koih hamtang ding kilawm hi. “Tg.” ah dot kikoih in “Lia” ciang tomlaakna hilo ahih manin koih kullo hi. - 15 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (14) “A” LE “KI” II LAIMAL GAWM LE HAL A Hal/lo Ki Hal/lo A + verb = A pai laitak hi. Hal Ki + verb = Mawtaw kineisak aa kipai hi. Hallo A + noun = A mawtaw hoih mahmah hi. Hal Ki + noun = Ki mawtaw neisak. Hal (Mawtaw kineisak) A + to be noun = A ni, A hun, A mun, A min Hallo Ki + to be noun = Kipawlna, Kinialna Hallo A + pronoun Hallo Ki + pronoun = kihici, kihuaci, kihiaci Hallo Hallo Ki + /preposition/ = Kisang tungsak, Kigamla, Kinai, Kihal, Kiniamkhiat Hallo = Amah le amau A + preposition = Atung, Anuai, Amai, Agei (15) “G” LE “NG” G Ng Gai = Nupi khat gai hi. Ngai uhhi. = Nungak khat ka ngai aa tun ka kingai Gah = Hanciamna thaman a gah kingah hi. Singgah tampi ne den in. Ngah = Kong laikhak na ngah ciang hong zasakkik oo. Gam aw. = Ka gam uh hong cidam sak in, Topa Ngam uhhi. Gap = A tha hoihin a tha gap hi. Ngap = Ngap pha melkei ing, nasep kuan ngapkeng. = A sem ngam peuhpeuh nasep kipan Gak = Inn sung ah mi tamluain kigak hi. Na khau hoihtak gak in. Ngak Gawng = Na gawng semsem cin hoih semsem cei. Ngawng = Na ngawng aa khi hoihlua ei. Gawm = Gawm/gawng lawh liangin lai kasin leh laimal gawm le numbers gawm ka siamta hi. Ngawm = 16 = Na ngak lai pak oo. - (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Gel/ Geel = Ei gel bel i geelnate tangtung leh nuamlua ding hi. Ngeel = - Gep = Na ci geplua kisil zel oo. Ngep = - Giak = Pute’n zan ka giak hi. Ngiak = - Gial = Puan gial silh aa ka vak ni, gial kia hi. Ngial = - Gim = Meh gimnam lakah gim takin na kasem hi. Ngim = Thau kappa in hoih takin ngim tite aa a khatna a ngah ding a ngim a tup ahi hi. Gol Ngol = Golh = Golhguk nek hoihlo hi. Ka ci ka sa a golh hi. Ngolh = Thu manglote an kingolh hi. Gu = Gutate guza kipia hen. Khemna pen a gu khauh mahmah hi. Ngu = - Guh Nguh = - Nguk = - = Inn gol khat ka nei hi. = Ka guh ka taangteng nalua hi. Guk/Guuk guk sat hi. = Ka van hong kiguuksak laitak nai - Gum = Eite hong gum pen Topa Zeisu hi. Ngum = Nungak ngumngekte ka ngai hi. Gun = Gun ah kimu ni ei. Ngun = Ngun le kham ka nei hi. Gup = Gup hauluate kimudah hi. Ngup = - Hihte pen Zopau Tedim awsuah siksanin lakna bek hi aa “Ng” aw a zangte aa zongh Zopau/Zolai mah bel hiveve hi. Pawlkhatte in Tedim awsuah ngah nuamlua liangin “Ng” awsuahna khempeuh ah “G” aw vive suaksak uh ahih manin, a khiatna tuampi khat ahihlam i phawkkhak ding deihna ahi hi. “G” aw a suak naak leh Tedim awsuah dikpen cihna hi pahlo aa, “Ng” aw a suak khempeuh zongh Tedim awsuah diklo cih bang hituanlo hi. Tedim awsuah ah “G” awsuah, “Ng” awsuah a nihin kihelh hi. 17 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (16) APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) ZATNA MUN ( ’ ) pen laimal tomlaakna ah kilim zat mahmah hi. Paulai tawh i gelh ciang, pau awsuah bangin i gelh ciang kilim zat diak hi. Laigil, lai thupite ah ahih leh laimal tomlaakna-in zatloh mah hoihzaw hi. Gtn. - Kote in Sangpi ii mawtaw ka laploh manun noteng in nong nusia uhhi. Kote’n Sangpi’ mawtaw ka laploh manun note’n nong nusia uhhi. Neihna lakna ah zongh “ii” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Sangpi ii mawtaw (Sangpi’ mawtaw) Sepna lakna ah zongh “in” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Kote in (Kote’n), Noteng in (Note’n) Phonetic tuamtuam zat ding pen hoih khinlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Zolai pen theih baih, sin baih, ciapteh baih ahih ding kisam hi. Tualoin Zolai a lunglut le a sin nuam kitawm semsem kha ding hi. Phonetic tuamtuam a zangh minamdang tampi a om sam hang’ zangh hetlo aa a khangto veve, a lai uh a tangzai veve minam tampi mah na om kawikawi hi. (17) AH, UHHI, AHI HI. = “ah” cih laimal pen tang gelh ding mah hoihzaw hi. Inntung ah, Zogam ah, Nang kiang ah ah Banghang hiam cih leh “a le h” kihel laimal kigawm tampitak Zolai ah om ahih manin “ah” tawh laimal matna in laisimna haksasak tuam thei hi. uhhi. = A pai uhhi. Ahi uhhi. (Hih pen “h” nih kizom ci-in matloh ding hoih asa kiom thei aa, mat lehang sim dan nopzawin laisim hong manlangzawsak tuam hi.) ahi hi. = Amah ahi hi. “ahi hi” ah hal ding pen hoihzaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, hih pen format khat hong suak hi. 18 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Khat kia/tung ah Khat sang’ Laimal behlapzia a tamzaw tung ah genna genna ahi hi. ahi uhhi. ahi zongin ahih manin, ahikei zongin ahihloh manin ahi mah zongin ahi phial mah zongin ahi tateu zongin ahi hiam? ahi uhhiam? ahi zong ahih ciangin, ahikei zong ahihloh ciangin ahi phial zong ahi sawmvei zong ahi sawmvei mah zong ahi phial sawmvei mah zong ahi diam? ahi uhdiam? ahi phial diam ahih hangin, ahi taktak diam ahihloh hangin ahi taktak mah diam ahi takpi diam ahi takpi mah diam ahi dia? ahi uhdia? ahikei uh dia ahih hang, ahihloh hang ahi na? ahi uhna? ahi mah hi. ahi mah uhhi. ahih sam hang, ahihloh sam hang ahi tam? ahi uhtam? ahi mawk mah tam? ahikei tam ahikei mawk tam Na hi hi. Na hi uhhi. ahilo, ahilopi, ahilote, ahiloteng ahihloh aa na hihloh aa Na hilo mawk hi. Na hikei hi. 19 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Ka hi hi. Ka hi uhhi. Ka hikei hi. Ka hikei uhhi. ka hihloh aa I hi hi. “I hi uhhi” cih kul nawnlo hi. “i” in khat sang’ a tamzaw ahihna lakkhin ahih manin “uh” kisamthuah nawnlo hi. I hikei hi. I hi peuhmahkei hi. I hi vetkei hi. I hihloh aa, hi uhhen. hita hen, hita uhhen. hi henla, Hi mah hen, himah uhhen. hita henla, Note: Hi sam hen, hi sam uhhen. hi sam henla “hi” mun ah Hi beek hen, hi beek uhhen. hi beek henla hi hen. I hihlohpi aa, hi sambeek henla verb (sepna) khatpeuh kizangh thei hi. hi in. I hihloh mawkin, hi un. hita in, hita un. hi inla, hi mah in, hi mah un. hi unla hi sam in. hi sam un. hi mah inla, hi mah unla hi beek in. hi beek un. hi sam inla, hi sam unla hi beek inla, hi beek unla Note: “i” zatna ah, “uh” cih tawh zatkhop kullo hi. “ihi hi”, “i kizasak hi” hileh khat sangin a tamzaw ahih lam kilangkhin hi. “ihi uhhi”, “i kizasak uhhi” cih bang kulthuah nawnlo hi. Tua baan ah, “i” pen “noun” tawh matloh ding hi. Gtn. I khua ah i mawtaw tawh a pai ihi hi. (18) MINPI LE MINNEU Minpi pen Lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi. 20 Gtn. Thang Suan Piang, Mang Za Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih Huai (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Minneu pen minpi sung aa teng lian bek pan a kilawh leh lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi. Gtn. Suan Piang, Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih Minneu pen minpi sung bek pan thamlo a meizom Gtn. Piangpi, Khaitawng, Dimboih, Huaikhek behlap a om leh a minpi sung aa tawh mat ding hoih hi. (19) LAIMALGAWM KHAT, KHIATNA TUAMTUAM A NEITE Hai = Meihai, Tuihai, Haigah, Mihai Mei = Meitang, Vaanmei, Uimei Zang = Zahmawhvan, mazang, kizangh thei Hih bang dan khiatna hau laimalgawm kibangte pen “double words” tawh khenluat ding hoihlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh “double words” zatna ah zongh khiatna khat sangin a tamzaw om veve theilai hi. Tua ahih manin hih bang dan laimalte pen a laigual/a thu zui-in kikhen thei lai veve ahih manin khenloh mah hoihzaw hi. English lai leh namdang tampite ii laite ah zongh hih bang dan mahin laimal kibang khiatna kibanglo, laimal kibanglo khiatna kibang cih dan tampi mah na om kawikawi hi. Gtn. Fly (Hih mun ah laimal lian /capital tawh a kigelh leh noun ci-in na khen uhhi.) Zolai ah tua bang lianin khen theih hi khinlo hi. (20) KHIATNA KIBANG/KINAI, KAMMAL KIBANGLO LE A KILEHBULHPIHTE Ahih hang Ala! Synonyms Synonyms Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong Alai, Kala, Kalai, Aaa, Aaa Zen, Aaa guai Antonyms Antonyms Tua ahih manin, Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa Immm, Hmmm, Innn, Hnnn 21 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Bang ae Ciah Synonyms Synonyms Ai ze, Aici ze, Bangci ae Kal, Cia Antonyms Pai, Pei Citak Denciang Synonyms Synonyms Kuhkal, Hanciam, Hahkat Antonyms Zoteh, Zociang, Danciang, Anciang, Denteh, Dentakteh Zulh, Zulhtat, Thadah Antonyms Tun, Tulaitak, Tumahmah Dik Gen Synonyms Synonyms Thudik, Thunem, Thunuam, Thukhual, Lungduai, Lungsau, Picing, Cingh, Gi (Migi) Soi, Ngen, Son Antonyms Dai, Paulo, Hamlo, Genlo, Ngenlo, Sonlo, Soilo Antonyms Gilo (Diklo), Sintom, Lungtom, Ngongtat, Lauhuai, Gamhtat Hehpihna Hivak Synonyms Synonyms Hehsuahna, Hehsuakna Hi-inteh, Hivaa, Hitaw, Himahvak, Himavaa, Himataw, Himahinteh Laigelh Mahmah Synonyms Synonyms Lai-at, laikui, laisuai, laikhen Mamah, Cip, Lua, Lei, naak (A hunzui-in kammal zat kikhel aa a mun leh a thuzui-in kizangh kawikawi hi.) Gtn. Computer khen, laigelh, lai-atpipa, cbd. 22 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Mangpha Mate Synonyms Synonyms Mangfa Mataw, I zaw, Nacina, Nacihia Antonyms Mangsia Mehthuk Mengmeng Synonyms Synonyms Methua, Fazan, Piadi, Bokboon Memeng, Vaseuh, Kinawh, Manlang, Saisai, Kin Antonyms Antonyms Mehkha Ziakai, Damdam, Duakduak, Daldal Hih bang dan a dang tampi om lai kha ding hi. Kammalte a kibatlohhang avekin Zopau/Zolai vive mah ahi hi. 23 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Ngai Siang Synonyms Synonyms It, Hoihsa, Deih, Paakta, Zahtak, Ngaihbangsa Sieng, Thiang Antonyms Antonyms Hua, Siasa (Hoihsalo), Mudah, Deihlo, Paaktaklo, Zahtaklo, Ngailo, Ngaihbangsalo, Ensan Nin Tu Tua Synonyms Synonyms Khung, To Tu, Zia Antonym Antonyms Ding Hih Tua bek thamlo Tua ahih manin Synonyms Synonyms Tua baanah, Tua zomah Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa Antonyms Ahih hang, Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong Uiphuk Vau Synonyms Synonyms Ukeng (Kivalaak), Ulol Taw'ng, Phin, Do, Hehssak, Galbawl, Dembawl, Sinso sak, Langpan, El, Elbawl Antonyms Pawlbawl, Kilem, Kipawl, Zawn, Kithutuak, Kithukim Zasan Zopau Synonyms Synonyms Kawlsing, Maza, Malta Zoham, Zokam Antonyms (Ham suo, Kamtam kei oo, Pau kei oo) Cikhum 24 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (21) DEIHNA A GEN KAMMALTE ading Pasian ading nong kihel nading kong zawn uhhi. Pasian ading nong kikel nadingin kong zawn uhhi. (Mi khat tung ah zotna) Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.) adingin Pasian adingin nong kihel nadingun kong zawh uhhi. (Mi tam tung ah zotna) Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.) tading, tadingin Khuapihte ading kong gensak hi. Khuapih tading kong gensak hi. Khuapihte adingin kong gensak hi. Khuapih tadingin kong gensak hi. “tading” cih kammal pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi. “ading” cih kammal pen khat bekah kizangh hi. Ahi zongin amai ah “te” “amau” cih bang dan khat sang’ a tamzaw kammal tawh kizom thei hi. Amau ading kong gensak hi. nading Kipawl nading kipawlna phuan zel ding maw? nadingin Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “cianga” zat ding kilawmzaw hi.) 25 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format nadingun Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi. (khat sang’ a tamzaw genna) Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi. cianga Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi. ciangin Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi. ciangun Tua ahih cianga, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in. (khat sang’ a tamzaw genna) Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in. inla Pai inla va gen in. “inla” pen khat ii tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi. Thu ngai khat ii tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi. unla Pai unla va gen un. “unla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi. Thu ngaite tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi. Henla, uhhenla Pai henla va gen hen. Pa uhhenla va gen uhhen. “henla” pen mi khat tung ah mi dang khat ii hih ding, mi dang khat ii thu genna ah kizangh hi. Laimal mat ding hi. “uhhenla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi. 26 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (22) LAIMAL ZATZIA (GRAMMAR) Kammal khenna Gentehna Kammal pawlkhat (Verb) Sepna lak Tuang in an ne hi. Pai, Sem, Gen, Kap, cbd. (Adverb) Sepna tellak Tuang in an ne saisai hi. Lua, duakduak, zialzial, cbd. (Helping Verb) Hihna lak Tuang pen pasal hi. Hi, hita, ahi hi, cbd. (Adjective) Hihna tellak Tuang pen pasal hoih hi. Gina, hangsan, thau, tom, cbd. (Noun) Minna Tuang in laibu sim hi. Thawnpi, Mawtaw, Singkung, cbd. (Pronoun) Minna tang Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua ama sim pen hoih mahmah hi. Amah, amau, ei, kei, ko, nang, cbd. (Plural Noun) Minnate Laibuteng le a simte koi lam tung uh ahia? te, teng ( - ) Tamna lak Laibuteng le a simte koi lam tung uh ahia? Ei, en, un, uh, i, ung, cbd. Minna cih ciangin min khatpeuh zongh hi thei, na khatpeuh zongh hi thei cihna hi. I mawtaw tawh na pai un. Eiteng in bang i hih tam? (Conjunction) Kammal zom Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua aa leh, cianga, aa, in, la, ahih ahih manin lai thei hi. Tuang hang, ahi zong, cbd. in laibu sim ahih manin lai thei hi. (Preposition) Mun lak Mualdawn aa biakinn ah pai ni. tung, nuai, paam, gei, cbd. (Time) Hun lak Tua kipan ut nawn khang. Tua kipan, aa kipan, nawn, ciang, laitak, lai, lai-in, cbd. 27 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format 28 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (Negative) Alehlam Umlopi genkenla, paikei ni. lo, loh, kei, ken, keng, cbd. (Interjection) Phawnna lak Haa! thadah ta ei. Oh!, Aaa!, Kalai!, Alai!, Kamawk!, Amawk!, Azen!, Azen aw!, Aguai! Aguai, Tuang in sang ah lai a hanciam mahmah aa leh tua laitak amah a mute in hih pa pen sangnaupang kician khatin ngaihsun uhhi. Ahih hang’ ken ka umkei hi. Aguai = Phawnna lak Tuang = Minna sang = Minna ah = Mun lak lai = Minna hanciam = Sepna lak mahmah = Sepna tellak aa leh = Kammal zom laitak = A hun lak amah = Minna tang mu = Sepna lak te = Minnate hih = Minna tang pen = Hihna lak sangnaupang = Minna kician = Hihna tellak ngaihsun = Sepna lak uh = Tamna lak Ahih hang = Kammal zom ken = Minna tang um = Sepna lak kei = Alehlam (23) SEPNA LAK LE MINNA SUAHNA Sepna lakna (v) Sepna lakna (v) pan Minna (n) suahna Gen Genna Tai Taina 29 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (24) HIHNA TELLAK LE MINNA SUAHNA Hihna tellak (adj) Sang Sangzaw Sangzawlai Sangpen Sang penpen Siam Siamzaw Siamzawlai Siampen Siam penpen Hihna tellak (adj) pan Minna (n) suahna Sangna Sangzawkna Sangzawklaina Sangpenna Sang penpenna Siamna Siamzawkna Siamzawklaina Siampenna Siam penpenna (25) A HUN LAKNA A hunma Samlo. Sam nailo. Pailo. Pai nailo. Sam ding. Sam mah ding. Pai ding. Pai mah ding. A hun sung Samta. Samsamta. Sam laitak. Paita. Paipaita. Pai laitak. Paipai laitak. A hunkhit Samkhin lian. Paikhin lian. Samsam laitak. Samkhin. Samkhin tham. Paikhin. Samkhin pek. Samkhin thamtham. Paikhin tham. Samkhin pekpek. Paikhin pek. Paikhin thamtham. Paikhin pekpek. 30 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (26) HI LEH HOIHZAW DING HI 1. Hi thei leh van/na (noun) khat peuhpeuh pen mal khat (malgawm khat) ta in mat gai aa gelh huai hi. Tua hi leh laimal gawm ding le hal ding cihte ngaihsutna ciaptehna nuamtuam mahmah ding hi. 2. Lai pen standard a om nading, a luanzia, a kigelhziate format kician takin a om ding kisam hi. 3. Lai pen theih baih ding, tel baih ding, ciapteh baih ding hi leh tangzai baihzaw ding hi. 4. Lai pen minambup in a malgawm kibangkim takin zatkhop ding thupi hi. 5. Pau/kammal om khempeuh kibaan sin gaih zolo ding ahih manin, laimal gawmzia khat theih naak aa leh pau/kammal khat peuhpeuh dik takin malgawm pah theih nading Standard Format khat kisam ahi hi. (27) MAILAM AH 1. Grades/Levels zui-in Zolai sinna kician takin neih zawh huai hi. 2. Zolai tawh grammar bu, poem bu, history bu, geography bu, biography bu, articles bu cih bang dan a tuamtuam grades/levels zui in bawl zawh huai hi. 3. Thupatna ah a kigensa om mah bangin Zolai Standard Format kician takin a omkei leh minambup ii supna lianpi khat suak kha thei hi. Minambup in a zatkhop theih nadingin zumvai (kumpi, biakna, private) nasemte aa kipan Media te le laibu bawlte in zatkhop masak huai mahmah hi. Laimal gawmzia hong kibat nading hih panmunteng mah a thupipen ahi hi. Zolai in minam picing khat i hihna hong kipsak aa namdangte in hong deep nading uh pan hong hu hi. LUNGDAM MAHMAH HI Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang) 31 (LTTUANG)
Zolai Standard Format Minambup Zolai gelhzia a kibatkim theih nading Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang) 20 December 2018 (Thursday) Zolai STANDARD Format ZON OLNA Thupatna .......................................................................................................................................... 2 (1) Zolai Standard Format ............................................................................................................. 3 (2) Zolai Vowels ........................................................................................................................... 4 (3) Namdanglaite Zatpihna (Adopted Words) .............................................................................. 5 (4) Laimal Gawmna Le Halna In A Khiatna A Kilamdang Sakna ............................................... 6 (5) Awkaih ii Khel Laimalgawm Pawlkhat .................................................................................. 8 (6) Laimal Gawmzia Le Zat Nading Munte ................................................................................. 9 (7) Khat Bek Le A Tamzaw ........................................................................................................ 12 (8) Genna Le Dotna .................................................................................................................... 13 (9) Sawlna Le Kamkhumna ........................................................................................................ 14 (10) Ahipak Suaksak Kammalte ................................................................................................... 14 (11) A Kilanghsak Kammalte ....................................................................................................... 15 (12) Kammal Lomte ...................................................................................................................... 15 (13) Kammal Tomlaakna .............................................................................................................. 15 (14) “A” le “Ki” ii Laimal Gawm Le Hal ..................................................................................... 16 (15) “G” le “Ng” ........................................................................................................................... 16 (16) Apostrophe ( ’ ) Zatna Mun ................................................................................................... 18 (17) ah, uhhi, ahi hi. ...................................................................................................................... 18 (18) Minpi Le Minneu ................................................................................................................... 20 (19) Laimalgawm Khat, Khiatna Tuamtuam A Neite ................................................................... 21 (20) Khiatna Kibang/Kinai, Kammal Kibanglo Le A Kilehbulhpihte .......................................... 21 (21) Deihna A Gen Kammalte ...................................................................................................... 25 (22) Laimal Zatzia (Grammar) ...................................................................................................... 27 (23) Sepna Lak Le Minna Suahna ................................................................................................. 29 (24) Hihna Tellak Le Minna Suahna ............................................................................................. 30 (25) A hun Lakna .......................................................................................................................... 30 (26) Hi Leh Hoihzaw Ding Hi....................................................................................................... 31 (27) Mailam Ah ............................................................................................................................. 31 1 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format THUPATNA Zolai pen Latin phonetic siksanin kibawl ahi hi. Tuhun ciang khangthakte in English phonetic siksanin lai sinzaw uhhi. Tua ahih manin Latin phonetic siksanin a kigelh Zolai a sim uh ciang Zopau awsuahin suak nawnlo hi. Tua panin Zopau awsuah ngah nading English phonetic siksan aa hong kigelh leh Zolai gelhzia pen khat le khat hong kibanglo semsem kha ding hi. Tua ahih manin Zolai Standard Format khat kician takin a om zawh ding kisampha mahmah hi. A om zawhkei zenzen leh, mailam ah Zolai gelhzia hong buaihuai mahmah ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tu bekin zongh, India lam Zomi le Myanmar lam Zomite ii lai gelhzia kibang zo nawnlokhinta hi. US, UK, Canada, Australia cih bang dan English a kilim zatna gam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia le Myanmar gam lam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia zongh damdamin hong kidan semsem khak ding hoihlo hi. Tua baanah, English phonetic lah a zanglo, Latin phonetic zongh a zanglo gam tuamtuam aa tung Zomi khangthakte ii Zolai gelhzia zongh a tuampi khat hong suak kha thei lai ding hi. Tua ahih manin minambup in lai gelhziate a luanzia khat a kibatkim theih nadingin Zolai ah zongh Standard Format kician khat a om ding thupi mahmah hi. Tua bek thamlo, Zomi khangthakte aa kipan namdangte in Zolai a sin nop uh leh sinzia olin, sinna a nuam ding, kiciantak aa lak theih, hilh theih dingin Standard Format khat Zolai in a neih zawh ding kisam mahmah hi. A zon ol na? Ol (adj) Ol mah. Adj pen a nung ah “na” tawh mat lehang Noun suak hi. A olna bang hiam? Ol na le Olna cihte ii a khiatna kibanglo hi. 2 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (1) ZOLAI STANDARD FORMAT Zolai Standard Format ahi Zolai ii paizia, a thu a la zui-in laimalte gawmzia, halzia, kimatsak, kihalsak dingte i theih naak leh i gelh nop peuhpeuh a thu zui-in kigelh thei hi. Tua ahih manin, Zolai pen Zopau kammal khat sim ah bangci malgawm ding cih sin gaih tektek a kul hilo hi. Zolai Standard Format zui tekin lai gelh hilehang, Zolai pen mikim in a i gelhzia hong kibang thei ding hi. Mikim ii Zolai gelhzia a kibat theih nadingin Format kician khat kisam ahi hi. “Zolai Standard Format i cihin bang dan hiam?” cih a nuai ah laigual khat tawh gentehna kimu thei hi. (1) (2) (3) (4) Ki pawl na ding in ki pawl na ding ni. Kipawlna ding in kipawlna ding ni. Kipawlna dingin kipawlna ding ni. Kipawl nadingin kipawlna ding ni. Zolai Standard Format ah hih atung aa laigual liteng pan no.4 na pen a dikpen ahi hi. Kipawl pen Verb hi aa, Kipawlna pen Noun ahi hi. "na" zatna mun, "na" zat nading Noun Infinitive Verb pan Noun suahna Verb pen Geelna, Sawmna, Deihna ah zatna Verb + “na” = Noun Verb + Infinitive marker = nading (English ah "to") Pai + na = Paina Pai + nading = Pai nading Gtn. - 3 Ka paina ah nong pai nading kong zawn hi. (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Behlap ding: Amai aa verb tawh +na I behlap ciang, noun suak hi. Amai aa verb tawh +na behlapin anung noun suak aa, anung ah proper noun khat in a zuih leh, noun 2 kizom suak aa, amai aa +na tawh kibawl noun pen adjective suak hi. Gtn. Itna (Noun) pen, anung ah proper noun khat tawh I gawm ciang, Adj suak hi. Itna Pasian, Itna Innpi. Adang khat lai: Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj in a zuih leh sentence hi-in sepna lakna hi. Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj I mat pen noun suahna hi. Gtn. Pasian thu gen mah hi. (thu gen = Pasian thu a gen mah hi. = a thu a genna) Pasian thugen mah hi. (thugen = Amah pen Pasian thu a gen mi mah hi. = a mi a genna) Pasian thugen khat Pasian thu genin buai mahmah hi. Mang (noun) Pha (adj) = mangpha, mangsia, manglamdang* Thu (noun) Pha (adj) = thupha, thuhoih, thusia, thulamdang* Khin, Khit cihte amai aa tawh I mat leh, a mai aa kammal a laihna hi. Adang khat lai: Ahih lam, ahihloh lam, ahih peuhmahloh lam, ahihloh uh, ahih manin, ahih manun cihte limtak table tawh lak lai ding. Tua ciang, tua ciangin, ahih ciang, tua ahih ciangin, tua ahih manin, tua ahih manun, tua ahih lam (2) ZOLAI VOWELS Zolai ah “a”, “e”, “i”, “o”, “u” le “aw” cih vowel mal 6 om hi. Zolai ah laimal a tamzaw thamtham pen hih vowels te pan khat teitei kihel hamtang hi. Hih vowels te tung ah lai malgawm ii awsuah kinga hi. Vowels te a mun diktak ah i zat theihkei aa leh a awsuah zongh hong kidang pah lian ding hi. Gtn. Tan – Ten – Tin – Ton – Tawn – Tun 4 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format A diakdiakin vowels “o” le “aw” pen kikhial kha baih thei hi. Hih vowels nih i zat khialh leh a khiatna a tuampi suak hi. Gtn. Toi – Tawi, Khoi – Khawi, Khom – Khawm, Poi – Pawi (3) NAMDANGLAITE ZATPIHNA (ADOPTED WORDS) Zopau ahilo namdangte’ lai i zatpihna ah amau malgawm bang teekteek mahin i gawmpih, i zatpih ding mah hoih penpen hi. Tua ahih manin, namdangpau khatpeuh i zat ciang a nung a mai ah laimal behlaploh ding thupi hi. Gtn. Computers te ci-in gelh ding hi ding aa, computerte – computerste cih bangin gelh huailo hi. Zolai ah a tam i gen ciang “te” kilim zat aa, a mai aa Zolaimal tawh kimatsakding ahi hi. Gtn. Noteng le naupangte na omkhawm un. Ahi zongin tua “te/teng” cih pen namdanglai i gelhna ah i mat khakloh ding hoih hi. 5 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (4) LAIMAL GAWMNA LE HALNA IN A KHIATNA A KILAMDANG SAKNA Te/Teng, Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Sem, Pen, Ciang, Khawm Plural Noun Te/Teng (Adj/v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Te/Teng (Plural noun) pen a mai aa Noun tawh i mat leh tua Te/Teng in a mai aa Noun pen Plural noun (khat sangin a tamzaw) suaksak hi. Gtn. Tua a te ziahziah kham manphate nei le uh cin, khuapi sung ah noteng na teng zo ding uhhi. *Plural Noun a suak sak, “te/teng” pen a mai aa Noun tawh mat hamtang ding. Adverb Lua (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Lua (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lua in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen Adverb suaksak hi. Gtn. Zu tam dawnluain lua hi. *Adverb pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Prefix Lo (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Lo (Prefix) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lo in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi. Gtn. Hih lo hoihlo hi. *Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Prefix Kei (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Kei (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Kei in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi. Gtn. Kei bel laukei ing. *Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. 6 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Comparative Zaw (adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Zaw (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Zaw in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Hih ciang zawlua in a hoihzaw khat va zong ni. (Gol, Golzaw) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Comparative Sem (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Sem (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Sem in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Na semkhawm thei ding i hih manin lungdamsem ei. (Neu, Neusem) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Comparative Pen (Adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Pen (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Pen in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi. Gtn. Tua pen hoihpen hi. (Hoih, Hoihzaw, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) (Hoih, Hoihsem, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) *Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. Conjunction/Time Ciang (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Ciang (conj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Ciang in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen pau kizom suaksak hi. Ciang (time) pen hun i genna ah malkhat in gawm ding hi. Gtn. Zingciang ciang khat tawh nong pai ciang kimu ni. Tua ciang ken zongh thaiciang ading ciang khat hong tawi ning. Tuakhit ciangin semkhawm ni. * Conjunction/Time pen laimal mat khatin mat/gawm hamtang ding. Verb Khawm (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi. Khawm (v) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Khawm in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a khiatna behlap hi. Gtn. Khawmpi pai dingin Lia Khawm in mi pawlkhat khawmtuah aa paikhawm uhhi. *Adverb pen a nung/mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding. 7 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Hih teng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. (5) AWKAIH II KHEL LAIMALGAWM PAWLKHAT Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Khawm, Lamdang, Thang, Thupi, Kap, Thei Luat/Lua = Na khedaptul sangluain a sangluat ciang kilawm nawnlozaw hi. Loh/Lo = Nong pailoh ciang kei zongh pailo pah hing. Keh/Kei = Kei ka paikeh, nang zongh na paikei oo. Zawk/Zaw = Nang kong teelzawk manin mi dangte in zongh nang mah hong teelzaw pah uhhi. Khop/Khawm = Noteng na paikhop uh ciang kei zongh no tawh paikhawm nuam ing. Lamdan/Lamdang = Lamdang na cihcih uhhang’ a kilamdanna thei zokei ing. Than/Thang = Min thanna pen Pasian aa hi aa, a min thang tawntung tahen. Thupit/Thupi = Na thupitna ka theih semsem ciang thupi ong sa semsem ing. Kap/Kah = Ka kap leh ka kahna aw ngaihlua. Thei/Theih = Thu theih nadingin thu theite dong ni. 8 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. Lai (noun) Lai malgawm = noun + verb, Laimal gawm = noun + verb Laimal (noun) Laimal tampi malgawm theilo hi ing. Laimalgawm (noun) Laimalgawm tampi ka malgawm theihloh om hi. Malgawm (verb) Lai tampi sim lehang a malgawm zongh kisiam tuam hi. Gawm (verb) Laimal gawm dan zongh thei khang ae. (6) LAIMAL GAWMZIA LE ZAT NADING MUNTE Lua Mahmah Giklua ahih manin kipua zokei ei. Gik mahmah ahih manin ka deih dan lian hi. Lua = A tamzaw ah negative deihlohna lam ah kizangzaw hi. Mahmah = A tamzaw ah positive deihna, hoihsakna lam ah kizangzaw hi. Hong Ong Nang hong paizaw ve. Kei ong paizaw ning. Hong = Thugen pen in mi dangte a bulphuhna ah zangh hi. Ong = Thugen pen in a mah le a mah a kibulphuhna ah zangh hi. Hing Ing Ong pai ding hing. Ong pai ing. Hing = Ahi ding, ahi nailote ah kizangh hi. Ing = Ahita, ahi laitakte ah kizangh hi. Hih pen a taktakin “hi ing”, “Pasal hi ing” ci aa kigenna pan “hing” cih a tomin kilo hi aa picing takin lai i gelhnate ah “hi ing” mah ci-in gelh ciatciat lehang thupit suah semsem ding hi. 9 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Leng Lehang Ong pai leng aive. Pai lehang aive. Leng =Khat kia genna ah kizangh hi. Lehang = Khat sangin a tamzaw genna ah kizangh hi. Leh Le Nong pai leh kimu ni ei. Nulepa tawh nang le kei i paikhop leh mawtaw zangh ni. Leh = Ahi thei, ahilo theite ah kizangh hi. (English ah “if”) Le = khat le khat kikal gennate ah kizangh hi. “Hong pai leh aive” cihnate ah “if” lian bel hilo hi. (English ah “and”) I/Ei Uh Eiteng i mawtaw tawh i paikhawm dia? Ka mawtaw tawh a paikhawm nuam uh dia? Kong zawn uhhi. i kizawn hi. I/Ei = Ei le ei i kigenna ah khat sangin i tamzawk leh kizangh hi. Note: “i”, “ei” cihte i zat naak leh khat sangin tamzaw cih theihsa hi khin pah aa, “uh” cih kammal tawh zatkhop kul nawnlo hi. Uh = Mi dangte ahi zong, ei le ei ahi zong i genna ah khat sangin a tamzawk leh kizangh hi. Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo hi. In Un Hong pai in. Amah in an a nek laitakin ka tung uhhi. Hong pai un. Amaute in an a nek laitakun ka tung hi. In = Khat bek tung ah genna Un = Khat sangin a tamzaw tung ah genna An a ne pen khat bek hi aa, tua laitakin a tung pen khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi. An a ne pen khat sangin tamzaw aa, tua laitakin a tung pen khat bek cihna hi. Noun/Verb + In In Naupangte in an ne nuamta uhhi, an na pia in. Tuang in an a nek laitakin puan na sawp in. In = A sem a bawl /a hih ding khatpeuh in a gen hun ciang “in” pen kituam gelh hi. In = Kammal kizomin zatnate ah a mai aa laimal tawh kimat hi. 10 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Se Sia Puan se phop na siam na? Puan sia phop na siam na? Se = Kampau ciang “se” cih bangin kiza kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak hilo hi. Sia = Lai-in i gelh ciang “sia” mah ci in kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Khaw Khua A 79 veina Khawdo pawipi Na khua vuah a 80 veina Khuado pawipi lai, khuadam mahmah hi. Khaw = Kampau ciang “khaw” cih bangin kiza kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak hilo hi. Khua = Lai-in i gelh ciang “khua” mah ci in kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Hia Hiam Na gim hia? Na gim hiam? Hia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak hilo hi. Hiam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “hiam” mah ci-in gelh tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. Dia Diam Nong pai dia? Nong pai diam? Dia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak hilo hi. Diam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “diam” mah ci-in gelh tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi. A Aa A mawtaw tawh a zin aa gamlapi pai hi. A inn aa mawtaw pen a ma aa ahih cianga a ma thuthu hi. A = Noun ii mai ah ahih leh laimal halin “a” mal khat bek zat ding ahi hi. Aa = Noun ii nung ah ahih leh laimal halin “aa” mal nih zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah, neihsa genna ah zongh zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah laigual kizopna (half sentence) ii a nung ah zongh zat ding hi. Gtn. Amah tawh kong pai lai aa a mawtaw kisa hi. 11 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format I ii I mawtaw hoih hi. I mawtaw ii a mei tanglua hi. i vengte ii mawtaw mei tawh kibang. I = “I” mal khat bek pen Noun ii mai ah kilim zat diak hi. ii = “ii” mal nih pen Noun ii nung ah kilim zat diak hi. Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi. (7) KHAT BEK LE A TAMZAW Khat bek Khat sang’ a tamzaw - Uh A pai *hi. A pai uhhi. In Un Hong pai in. Hong pai un. (Mi dang khat tung genna.) (Mi dangte tung genna.) Ing Ung Ong pai ing. Ong pai ung. (Amah le amah a kigenna) (Amau le amau a kigenna) Ka I Ka pai hi. I pai hi. Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo hi. 12 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Leng/Le ing Lehang/Le ung Pai leng hoih ding hi. Pai lehang hoih ding hi. A pai hi le ing maw, hoih mah diven. A pai hi le ung maw, hoih mah diven. Ning Ni Pai ning. Pai ni. (Amah le amah a kigenna) (Amau le amau a kigenna) Oo/Ve Vo/Vua Pai oo. Pai ve. Pai vo. Pai vua, pai un. Pai ve vua. (8) GENNA LE DOTNA Genna Dotna? Ding/Di Dia? Na sem ding hi. Na sem dia? Hi Hiam? Na sem hi. Na sem hiam? In Na? Na sem in. Na sem na? 13 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (9) SAWLNA LE KAMKHUMNA Sawlna Kamkhum suahzawk diakna In Ve Na gen in. Na gen ve. Oo Sak Oo, Sak ve, Sak vevua Na gen oo. Na gensak oo. Na gensak ve. Na gensak vevua. Vo Vua Na gen vo. Na gen vevua. (10) AHIPAK SUAKSAK KAMMALTE Dih Pak Hong pai dih. Hong paipak. Hong paipak oo. Hong paipak dih. Sai/Saisai Zal Hong paisai dih. Hong pai saisai dih. Hong paipaksai dih. Hong pai pak saisai dih. Hong paizal dih. Hong paipakzal dih. Hong paizalzal dih. Zial Zual Na sep sakzial oo. Na sep sakzialpak oo. Na sep sakzual oo. Na sep sakzualpak dih. 14 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (11) A KILANGHSAK KAMMALTE Dangdang, Dengdang, Dialdual, Dualdual Genggang, Geigai, Geelgaal, Gega Heihai, Heihoi, Hemham, Heha Kelkol, Kelkai, Kiahkuah, Keikai, Keukau, Kilkel, Kekkok, Kiakua, Kengkang, Kekaa Lemlam, Lemlum, Lela, Liakluak, Lillel, Lellul, Lenglong, Lenglangh, Liangluang Melmul, Melmal, Mema, Memmam, Meumau, Milmel Pheiphai, Pheiphoi, Phelphal Veivai, Veivoi, Viavua, Velval, Vievei Zialzual, Zipzup, Zekzawk, Zekzak Hih bang dan a dang a kilanghsakkammal tampi om lai hi. (12) KAMMAL LOMTE Zopau ah kammal pawlkhat pen a lomlomin kigenkhawm tangtang se hi. Tuate pen laimal mat gaih ding mah hoih hi. Gtn. Innlelo, Nulepa, Ulenau, khualetui, Kiimlepaam, Zileta, Itlengaih, zawdeuh (hoihzawdeuh), cbd… (13) KAMMAL TOMLAAKNA Gtn. (gtn.) = Gentehna Adt. (adt.) = Adangte Cbd. (cbd.) = Cihbangdan Ahk. (ahk.) = Ahihkeh Akl. (akl.) =Aihkei leh/ Ahihkei leh Tg. = Taang (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.) Las. = Lasa, La siam, Lasak siam (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.) Tom laakna ah “.” dot khat koih hamtang ding kilawm hi. “Tg.” ah dot kikoih in “Lia” ciang tomlaakna hilo ahih manin koih kullo hi. - 15 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (14) “A” LE “KI” II LAIMAL GAWM LE HAL A Hal/lo Ki Hal/lo A + verb = A pai laitak hi. Hal Ki + verb = Mawtaw kineisak aa kipai hi. Hallo A + noun = A mawtaw hoih mahmah hi. Hal Ki + noun = Ki mawtaw neisak. Hal (Mawtaw kineisak) A + to be noun = A ni, A hun, A mun, A min Hallo Ki + to be noun = Kipawlna, Kinialna Hallo A + pronoun Hallo Ki + pronoun = kihici, kihuaci, kihiaci Hallo Hallo Ki + /preposition/ = Kisang tungsak, Kigamla, Kinai, Kihal, Kiniamkhiat Hallo = Amah le amau A + preposition = Atung, Anuai, Amai, Agei (15) “G” LE “NG” G Ng Gai = Nupi khat gai hi. Ngai uhhi. = Nungak khat ka ngai aa tun ka kingai Gah = Hanciamna thaman a gah kingah hi. Singgah tampi ne den in. Ngah = Kong laikhak na ngah ciang hong zasakkik oo. Gam aw. = Ka gam uh hong cidam sak in, Topa Ngam uhhi. Gap = A tha hoihin a tha gap hi. Ngap = Ngap pha melkei ing, nasep kuan ngapkeng. = A sem ngam peuhpeuh nasep kipan Gak = Inn sung ah mi tamluain kigak hi. Na khau hoihtak gak in. Ngak Gawng = Na gawng semsem cin hoih semsem cei. Ngawng = Na ngawng aa khi hoihlua ei. Gawm = Gawm/gawng lawh liangin lai kasin leh laimal gawm le numbers gawm ka siamta hi. Ngawm = 16 = Na ngak lai pak oo. - (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Gel/ Geel = Ei gel bel i geelnate tangtung leh nuamlua ding hi. Ngeel = - Gep = Na ci geplua kisil zel oo. Ngep = - Giak = Pute’n zan ka giak hi. Ngiak = - Gial = Puan gial silh aa ka vak ni, gial kia hi. Ngial = - Gim = Meh gimnam lakah gim takin na kasem hi. Ngim = Thau kappa in hoih takin ngim tite aa a khatna a ngah ding a ngim a tup ahi hi. Gol Ngol = Golh = Golhguk nek hoihlo hi. Ka ci ka sa a golh hi. Ngolh = Thu manglote an kingolh hi. Gu = Gutate guza kipia hen. Khemna pen a gu khauh mahmah hi. Ngu = - Guh Nguh = - Nguk = - = Inn gol khat ka nei hi. = Ka guh ka taangteng nalua hi. Guk/Guuk guk sat hi. = Ka van hong kiguuksak laitak nai - Gum = Eite hong gum pen Topa Zeisu hi. Ngum = Nungak ngumngekte ka ngai hi. Gun = Gun ah kimu ni ei. Ngun = Ngun le kham ka nei hi. Gup = Gup hauluate kimudah hi. Ngup = - Hihte pen Zopau Tedim awsuah siksanin lakna bek hi aa “Ng” aw a zangte aa zongh Zopau/Zolai mah bel hiveve hi. Pawlkhatte in Tedim awsuah ngah nuamlua liangin “Ng” awsuahna khempeuh ah “G” aw vive suaksak uh ahih manin, a khiatna tuampi khat ahihlam i phawkkhak ding deihna ahi hi. “G” aw a suak naak leh Tedim awsuah dikpen cihna hi pahlo aa, “Ng” aw a suak khempeuh zongh Tedim awsuah diklo cih bang hituanlo hi. Tedim awsuah ah “G” awsuah, “Ng” awsuah a nihin kihelh hi. 17 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (16) APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) ZATNA MUN ( ’ ) pen laimal tomlaakna ah kilim zat mahmah hi. Paulai tawh i gelh ciang, pau awsuah bangin i gelh ciang kilim zat diak hi. Laigil, lai thupite ah ahih leh laimal tomlaakna-in zatloh mah hoihzaw hi. Gtn. - Kote in Sangpi ii mawtaw ka laploh manun noteng in nong nusia uhhi. Kote’n Sangpi’ mawtaw ka laploh manun note’n nong nusia uhhi. Neihna lakna ah zongh “ii” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Sangpi ii mawtaw (Sangpi’ mawtaw) Sepna lakna ah zongh “in” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Kote in (Kote’n), Noteng in (Note’n) Phonetic tuamtuam zat ding pen hoih khinlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Zolai pen theih baih, sin baih, ciapteh baih ahih ding kisam hi. Tualoin Zolai a lunglut le a sin nuam kitawm semsem kha ding hi. Phonetic tuamtuam a zangh minamdang tampi a om sam hang’ zangh hetlo aa a khangto veve, a lai uh a tangzai veve minam tampi mah na om kawikawi hi. (17) AH, UHHI, AHI HI. = “ah” cih laimal pen tang gelh ding mah hoihzaw hi. Inntung ah, Zogam ah, Nang kiang ah ah Banghang hiam cih leh “a le h” kihel laimal kigawm tampitak Zolai ah om ahih manin “ah” tawh laimal matna in laisimna haksasak tuam thei hi. uhhi. = A pai uhhi. Ahi uhhi. (Hih pen “h” nih kizom ci-in matloh ding hoih asa kiom thei aa, mat lehang sim dan nopzawin laisim hong manlangzawsak tuam hi.) ahi hi. = Amah ahi hi. “ahi hi” ah hal ding pen hoihzaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, hih pen format khat hong suak hi. 18 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Khat kia/tung ah Khat sang’ Laimal behlapzia a tamzaw tung ah genna genna ahi hi. ahi uhhi. ahi zongin ahih manin, ahikei zongin ahihloh manin ahi mah zongin ahi phial mah zongin ahi tateu zongin ahi hiam? ahi uhhiam? ahi zong ahih ciangin, ahikei zong ahihloh ciangin ahi phial zong ahi sawmvei zong ahi sawmvei mah zong ahi phial sawmvei mah zong ahi diam? ahi uhdiam? ahi phial diam ahih hangin, ahi taktak diam ahihloh hangin ahi taktak mah diam ahi takpi diam ahi takpi mah diam ahi dia? ahi uhdia? ahikei uh dia ahih hang, ahihloh hang ahi na? ahi uhna? ahi mah hi. ahi mah uhhi. ahih sam hang, ahihloh sam hang ahi tam? ahi uhtam? ahi mawk mah tam? ahikei tam ahikei mawk tam Na hi hi. Na hi uhhi. ahilo, ahilopi, ahilote, ahiloteng ahihloh aa na hihloh aa Na hilo mawk hi. Na hikei hi. 19 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Ka hi hi. Ka hi uhhi. Ka hikei hi. Ka hikei uhhi. ka hihloh aa I hi hi. “I hi uhhi” cih kul nawnlo hi. “i” in khat sang’ a tamzaw ahihna lakkhin ahih manin “uh” kisamthuah nawnlo hi. I hikei hi. I hi peuhmahkei hi. I hi vetkei hi. I hihloh aa, hi uhhen. hita hen, hita uhhen. hi henla, Hi mah hen, himah uhhen. hita henla, Note: Hi sam hen, hi sam uhhen. hi sam henla “hi” mun ah Hi beek hen, hi beek uhhen. hi beek henla hi hen. I hihlohpi aa, hi sambeek henla verb (sepna) khatpeuh kizangh thei hi. hi in. I hihloh mawkin, hi un. hita in, hita un. hi inla, hi mah in, hi mah un. hi unla hi sam in. hi sam un. hi mah inla, hi mah unla hi beek in. hi beek un. hi sam inla, hi sam unla hi beek inla, hi beek unla Note: “i” zatna ah, “uh” cih tawh zatkhop kullo hi. “ihi hi”, “i kizasak hi” hileh khat sangin a tamzaw ahih lam kilangkhin hi. “ihi uhhi”, “i kizasak uhhi” cih bang kulthuah nawnlo hi. Tua baan ah, “i” pen “noun” tawh matloh ding hi. Gtn. I khua ah i mawtaw tawh a pai ihi hi. (18) MINPI LE MINNEU Minpi pen Lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi. 20 Gtn. Thang Suan Piang, Mang Za Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih Huai (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Minneu pen minpi sung aa teng lian bek pan a kilawh leh lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi. Gtn. Suan Piang, Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih Minneu pen minpi sung bek pan thamlo a meizom Gtn. Piangpi, Khaitawng, Dimboih, Huaikhek behlap a om leh a minpi sung aa tawh mat ding hoih hi. (19) LAIMALGAWM KHAT, KHIATNA TUAMTUAM A NEITE Hai = Meihai, Tuihai, Haigah, Mihai Mei = Meitang, Vaanmei, Uimei Zang = Zahmawhvan, mazang, kizangh thei Hih bang dan khiatna hau laimalgawm kibangte pen “double words” tawh khenluat ding hoihlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh “double words” zatna ah zongh khiatna khat sangin a tamzaw om veve theilai hi. Tua ahih manin hih bang dan laimalte pen a laigual/a thu zui-in kikhen thei lai veve ahih manin khenloh mah hoihzaw hi. English lai leh namdang tampite ii laite ah zongh hih bang dan mahin laimal kibang khiatna kibanglo, laimal kibanglo khiatna kibang cih dan tampi mah na om kawikawi hi. Gtn. Fly (Hih mun ah laimal lian /capital tawh a kigelh leh noun ci-in na khen uhhi.) Zolai ah tua bang lianin khen theih hi khinlo hi. (20) KHIATNA KIBANG/KINAI, KAMMAL KIBANGLO LE A KILEHBULHPIHTE Ahih hang Ala! Synonyms Synonyms Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong Alai, Kala, Kalai, Aaa, Aaa Zen, Aaa guai Antonyms Antonyms Tua ahih manin, Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa Immm, Hmmm, Innn, Hnnn 21 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Bang ae Ciah Synonyms Synonyms Ai ze, Aici ze, Bangci ae Kal, Cia Antonyms Pai, Pei Citak Denciang Synonyms Synonyms Kuhkal, Hanciam, Hahkat Antonyms Zoteh, Zociang, Danciang, Anciang, Denteh, Dentakteh Zulh, Zulhtat, Thadah Antonyms Tun, Tulaitak, Tumahmah Dik Gen Synonyms Synonyms Thudik, Thunem, Thunuam, Thukhual, Lungduai, Lungsau, Picing, Cingh, Gi (Migi) Soi, Ngen, Son Antonyms Dai, Paulo, Hamlo, Genlo, Ngenlo, Sonlo, Soilo Antonyms Gilo (Diklo), Sintom, Lungtom, Ngongtat, Lauhuai, Gamhtat Hehpihna Hivak Synonyms Synonyms Hehsuahna, Hehsuakna Hi-inteh, Hivaa, Hitaw, Himahvak, Himavaa, Himataw, Himahinteh Laigelh Mahmah Synonyms Synonyms Lai-at, laikui, laisuai, laikhen Mamah, Cip, Lua, Lei, naak (A hunzui-in kammal zat kikhel aa a mun leh a thuzui-in kizangh kawikawi hi.) Gtn. Computer khen, laigelh, lai-atpipa, cbd. 22 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Mangpha Mate Synonyms Synonyms Mangfa Mataw, I zaw, Nacina, Nacihia Antonyms Mangsia Mehthuk Mengmeng Synonyms Synonyms Methua, Fazan, Piadi, Bokboon Memeng, Vaseuh, Kinawh, Manlang, Saisai, Kin Antonyms Antonyms Mehkha Ziakai, Damdam, Duakduak, Daldal Hih bang dan a dang tampi om lai kha ding hi. Kammalte a kibatlohhang avekin Zopau/Zolai vive mah ahi hi. 23 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format Ngai Siang Synonyms Synonyms It, Hoihsa, Deih, Paakta, Zahtak, Ngaihbangsa Sieng, Thiang Antonyms Antonyms Hua, Siasa (Hoihsalo), Mudah, Deihlo, Paaktaklo, Zahtaklo, Ngailo, Ngaihbangsalo, Ensan Nin Tu Tua Synonyms Synonyms Khung, To Tu, Zia Antonym Antonyms Ding Hih Tua bek thamlo Tua ahih manin Synonyms Synonyms Tua baanah, Tua zomah Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa Antonyms Ahih hang, Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong Uiphuk Vau Synonyms Synonyms Ukeng (Kivalaak), Ulol Taw'ng, Phin, Do, Hehssak, Galbawl, Dembawl, Sinso sak, Langpan, El, Elbawl Antonyms Pawlbawl, Kilem, Kipawl, Zawn, Kithutuak, Kithukim Zasan Zopau Synonyms Synonyms Kawlsing, Maza, Malta Zoham, Zokam Antonyms (Ham suo, Kamtam kei oo, Pau kei oo) Cikhum 24 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (21) DEIHNA A GEN KAMMALTE ading Pasian ading nong kihel nading kong zawn uhhi. Pasian ading nong kikel nadingin kong zawn uhhi. (Mi khat tung ah zotna) Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.) adingin Pasian adingin nong kihel nadingun kong zawh uhhi. (Mi tam tung ah zotna) Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.) tading, tadingin Khuapihte ading kong gensak hi. Khuapih tading kong gensak hi. Khuapihte adingin kong gensak hi. Khuapih tadingin kong gensak hi. “tading” cih kammal pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi. “ading” cih kammal pen khat bekah kizangh hi. Ahi zongin amai ah “te” “amau” cih bang dan khat sang’ a tamzaw kammal tawh kizom thei hi. Amau ading kong gensak hi. nading Kipawl nading kipawlna phuan zel ding maw? nadingin Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. (Hih mun ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “cianga” zat ding kilawmzaw hi.) 25 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format nadingun Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi. (khat sang’ a tamzaw genna) Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi. cianga Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi. ciangin Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi. ciangun Tua ahih cianga, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in. (khat sang’ a tamzaw genna) Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in. inla Pai inla va gen in. “inla” pen khat ii tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi. Thu ngai khat ii tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi. unla Pai unla va gen un. “unla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi. Thu ngaite tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi. Henla, uhhenla Pai henla va gen hen. Pa uhhenla va gen uhhen. “henla” pen mi khat tung ah mi dang khat ii hih ding, mi dang khat ii thu genna ah kizangh hi. Laimal mat ding hi. “uhhenla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi. 26 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (22) LAIMAL ZATZIA (GRAMMAR) Kammal khenna Gentehna Kammal pawlkhat (Verb) Sepna lak Tuang in an ne hi. Pai, Sem, Gen, Kap, cbd. (Adverb) Sepna tellak Tuang in an ne saisai hi. Lua, duakduak, zialzial, cbd. (Helping Verb) Hihna lak Tuang pen pasal hi. Hi, hita, ahi hi, cbd. (Adjective) Hihna tellak Tuang pen pasal hoih hi. Gina, hangsan, thau, tom, cbd. (Noun) Minna Tuang in laibu sim hi. Thawnpi, Mawtaw, Singkung, cbd. (Pronoun) Minna tang Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua ama sim pen hoih mahmah hi. Amah, amau, ei, kei, ko, nang, cbd. (Plural Noun) Minnate Laibuteng le a simte koi lam tung uh ahia? te, teng ( - ) Tamna lak Laibuteng le a simte koi lam tung uh ahia? Ei, en, un, uh, i, ung, cbd. Minna cih ciangin min khatpeuh zongh hi thei, na khatpeuh zongh hi thei cihna hi. I mawtaw tawh na pai un. Eiteng in bang i hih tam? (Conjunction) Kammal zom Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua aa leh, cianga, aa, in, la, ahih ahih manin lai thei hi. Tuang hang, ahi zong, cbd. in laibu sim ahih manin lai thei hi. (Preposition) Mun lak Mualdawn aa biakinn ah pai ni. tung, nuai, paam, gei, cbd. (Time) Hun lak Tua kipan ut nawn khang. Tua kipan, aa kipan, nawn, ciang, laitak, lai, lai-in, cbd. 27 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format 28 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (Negative) Alehlam Umlopi genkenla, paikei ni. lo, loh, kei, ken, keng, cbd. (Interjection) Phawnna lak Haa! thadah ta ei. Oh!, Aaa!, Kalai!, Alai!, Kamawk!, Amawk!, Azen!, Azen aw!, Aguai! Aguai, Tuang in sang ah lai a hanciam mahmah aa leh tua laitak amah a mute in hih pa pen sangnaupang kician khatin ngaihsun uhhi. Ahih hang’ ken ka umkei hi. Aguai = Phawnna lak Tuang = Minna sang = Minna ah = Mun lak lai = Minna hanciam = Sepna lak mahmah = Sepna tellak aa leh = Kammal zom laitak = A hun lak amah = Minna tang mu = Sepna lak te = Minnate hih = Minna tang pen = Hihna lak sangnaupang = Minna kician = Hihna tellak ngaihsun = Sepna lak uh = Tamna lak Ahih hang = Kammal zom ken = Minna tang um = Sepna lak kei = Alehlam (23) SEPNA LAK LE MINNA SUAHNA Sepna lakna (v) Sepna lakna (v) pan Minna (n) suahna Gen Genna Tai Taina 29 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (24) HIHNA TELLAK LE MINNA SUAHNA Hihna tellak (adj) Sang Sangzaw Sangzawlai Sangpen Sang penpen Siam Siamzaw Siamzawlai Siampen Siam penpen Hihna tellak (adj) pan Minna (n) suahna Sangna Sangzawkna Sangzawklaina Sangpenna Sang penpenna Siamna Siamzawkna Siamzawklaina Siampenna Siam penpenna (25) A HUN LAKNA A hunma Samlo. Sam nailo. Pailo. Pai nailo. Sam ding. Sam mah ding. Pai ding. Pai mah ding. A hun sung Samta. Samsamta. Sam laitak. Paita. Paipaita. Pai laitak. Paipai laitak. A hunkhit Samkhin lian. Paikhin lian. Samsam laitak. Samkhin. Samkhin tham. Paikhin. Samkhin pek. Samkhin thamtham. Paikhin tham. Samkhin pekpek. Paikhin pek. Paikhin thamtham. Paikhin pekpek. 30 (LTTUANG) Zolai STANDARD Format (26) HI LEH HOIHZAW DING HI 1. Hi thei leh van/na (noun) khat peuhpeuh pen mal khat (malgawm khat) ta in mat gai aa gelh huai hi. Tua hi leh laimal gawm ding le hal ding cihte ngaihsutna ciaptehna nuamtuam mahmah ding hi. 2. Lai pen standard a om nading, a luanzia, a kigelhziate format kician takin a om ding kisam hi. 3. Lai pen theih baih ding, tel baih ding, ciapteh baih ding hi leh tangzai baihzaw ding hi. 4. Lai pen minambup in a malgawm kibangkim takin zatkhop ding thupi hi. 5. Pau/kammal om khempeuh kibaan sin gaih zolo ding ahih manin, laimal gawmzia khat theih naak aa leh pau/kammal khat peuhpeuh dik takin malgawm pah theih nading Standard Format khat kisam ahi hi. (27) MAILAM AH 1. Grades/Levels zui-in Zolai sinna kician takin neih zawh huai hi. 2. Zolai tawh grammar bu, poem bu, history bu, geography bu, biography bu, articles bu cih bang dan a tuamtuam grades/levels zui in bawl zawh huai hi. 3. Thupatna ah a kigensa om mah bangin Zolai Standard Format kician takin a omkei leh minambup ii supna lianpi khat suak kha thei hi. Minambup in a zatkhop theih nadingin zumvai (kumpi, biakna, private) nasemte aa kipan Media te le laibu bawlte in zatkhop masak huai mahmah hi. Laimal gawmzia hong kibat nading hih panmunteng mah a thupipen ahi hi. Zolai in minam picing khat i hihna hong kipsak aa namdangte in hong deep nading uh pan hong hu hi. LUNGDAM MAHMAH HI Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang) 31 (LTTUANG)