Zolai Standard Format
Minambup Zolai gelhzia a kibatkim theih nading
Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang)
20 December 2018 (Thursday)
Zolai STANDARD Format
ZON OLNA
Thupatna .......................................................................................................................................... 2
(1) Zolai Standard Format ............................................................................................................. 3
(2) Zolai Vowels ........................................................................................................................... 4
(3) Namdanglaite Zatpihna (Adopted Words) .............................................................................. 5
(4) Laimal Gawmna Le Halna In A Khiatna A Kilamdang Sakna ............................................... 6
(5) Awkaih ii Khel Laimalgawm Pawlkhat .................................................................................. 8
(6) Laimal Gawmzia Le Zat Nading Munte ................................................................................. 9
(7) Khat Bek Le A Tamzaw ........................................................................................................ 12
(8) Genna Le Dotna .................................................................................................................... 13
(9) Sawlna Le Kamkhumna ........................................................................................................ 14
(10) Ahipak Suaksak Kammalte ................................................................................................... 14
(11) A Kilanghsak Kammalte ....................................................................................................... 15
(12) Kammal Lomte ...................................................................................................................... 15
(13) Kammal Tomlaakna .............................................................................................................. 15
(14) “A” le “Ki” ii Laimal Gawm Le Hal ..................................................................................... 16
(15) “G” le “Ng” ........................................................................................................................... 16
(16) Apostrophe ( ’ ) Zatna Mun ................................................................................................... 18
(17) ah, uhhi, ahi hi. ...................................................................................................................... 18
(18) Minpi Le Minneu ................................................................................................................... 20
(19) Laimalgawm Khat, Khiatna Tuamtuam A Neite ................................................................... 21
(20) Khiatna Kibang/Kinai, Kammal Kibanglo Le A Kilehbulhpihte .......................................... 21
(21) Deihna A Gen Kammalte ...................................................................................................... 25
(22) Laimal Zatzia (Grammar) ...................................................................................................... 27
(23) Sepna Lak Le Minna Suahna ................................................................................................. 29
(24) Hihna Tellak Le Minna Suahna ............................................................................................. 30
(25) A hun Lakna .......................................................................................................................... 30
(26) Hi Leh Hoihzaw Ding Hi....................................................................................................... 31
(27) Mailam Ah ............................................................................................................................. 31
1
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
THUPATNA
Zolai pen Latin phonetic siksanin kibawl ahi hi. Tuhun ciang khangthakte in
English phonetic siksanin lai sinzaw uhhi. Tua ahih manin Latin phonetic siksanin
a kigelh Zolai a sim uh ciang Zopau awsuahin suak nawnlo hi. Tua panin Zopau
awsuah ngah nading English phonetic siksan aa hong kigelh leh Zolai gelhzia pen
khat le khat hong kibanglo semsem kha ding hi.
Tua ahih manin Zolai Standard Format khat kician takin a om zawh ding kisampha
mahmah hi. A om zawhkei zenzen leh, mailam ah Zolai gelhzia hong buaihuai
mahmah ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tu bekin zongh, India lam Zomi le
Myanmar lam Zomite ii lai gelhzia kibang zo nawnlokhinta hi. US, UK, Canada,
Australia cih bang dan English a kilim zatna gam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia
le Myanmar gam lam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia zongh damdamin hong
kidan semsem khak ding hoihlo hi. Tua baanah, English phonetic lah a zanglo, Latin
phonetic zongh a zanglo gam tuamtuam aa tung Zomi khangthakte ii Zolai gelhzia
zongh a tuampi khat hong suak kha thei lai ding hi. Tua ahih manin minambup in
lai gelhziate a luanzia khat a kibatkim theih nadingin Zolai ah zongh Standard
Format kician khat a om ding thupi mahmah hi.
Tua bek thamlo, Zomi khangthakte aa kipan namdangte in Zolai a sin nop uh leh
sinzia olin, sinna a nuam ding, kiciantak aa lak theih, hilh theih dingin Standard
Format khat Zolai in a neih zawh ding kisam mahmah hi.
A zon ol na?
Ol (adj)
Ol mah.
Adj pen a nung ah “na” tawh mat lehang
Noun suak hi.
A olna bang hiam?
Ol na le Olna cihte ii a khiatna kibanglo hi.
2
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(1) ZOLAI STANDARD FORMAT
Zolai Standard Format ahi Zolai ii paizia, a thu a la zui-in laimalte gawmzia, halzia,
kimatsak, kihalsak dingte i theih naak leh i gelh nop peuhpeuh a thu zui-in kigelh thei hi. Tua ahih
manin, Zolai pen Zopau kammal khat sim ah bangci malgawm ding cih sin gaih tektek a kul hilo hi.
Zolai Standard Format zui tekin lai gelh hilehang, Zolai pen mikim in a i gelhzia hong
kibang thei ding hi. Mikim ii Zolai gelhzia a kibat theih nadingin Format kician khat kisam ahi hi.
“Zolai Standard Format i cihin bang dan hiam?” cih a nuai ah laigual khat tawh gentehna
kimu thei hi.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ki pawl na ding in ki pawl na ding ni.
Kipawlna ding in kipawlna ding ni.
Kipawlna dingin kipawlna ding ni.
Kipawl nadingin kipawlna ding ni.
Zolai Standard Format ah hih atung aa laigual liteng pan no.4 na pen a dikpen ahi hi.
Kipawl pen Verb hi aa, Kipawlna pen Noun ahi hi.
"na" zatna mun, "na" zat nading
Noun
Infinitive
Verb pan Noun suahna
Verb pen Geelna, Sawmna, Deihna ah zatna
Verb + “na” = Noun
Verb + Infinitive marker = nading (English ah "to")
Pai + na = Paina
Pai + nading = Pai nading
Gtn.
-
3
Ka paina ah nong pai nading kong zawn hi.
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Behlap ding:
Amai aa verb tawh +na I behlap ciang, noun suak hi.
Amai aa verb tawh +na behlapin anung noun suak aa, anung ah proper noun khat in a zuih leh,
noun 2 kizom suak aa, amai aa +na tawh kibawl noun pen adjective suak hi.
Gtn. Itna (Noun) pen, anung ah proper noun khat tawh I gawm ciang, Adj suak hi. Itna Pasian,
Itna Innpi.
Adang khat lai:
Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj in a zuih leh sentence hi-in sepna lakna hi.
Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj I mat pen noun suahna hi.
Gtn.
Pasian thu gen mah hi. (thu gen = Pasian thu a gen mah hi. = a thu a genna)
Pasian thugen mah hi. (thugen = Amah pen Pasian thu a gen mi mah hi. = a mi a genna)
Pasian thugen khat Pasian thu genin buai mahmah hi.
Mang (noun) Pha (adj) = mangpha, mangsia, manglamdang*
Thu (noun) Pha (adj) = thupha, thuhoih, thusia, thulamdang*
Khin, Khit cihte amai aa tawh I mat leh, a mai aa kammal a laihna hi.
Adang khat lai:
Ahih lam, ahihloh lam, ahih peuhmahloh lam, ahihloh uh, ahih manin, ahih manun cihte limtak
table tawh lak lai ding.
Tua ciang, tua ciangin, ahih ciang, tua ahih ciangin, tua ahih manin, tua ahih manun, tua ahih lam
(2) ZOLAI VOWELS
Zolai ah “a”, “e”, “i”, “o”, “u” le “aw” cih vowel mal 6 om hi. Zolai ah laimal a tamzaw
thamtham pen hih vowels te pan khat teitei kihel hamtang hi. Hih vowels te tung ah lai malgawm ii
awsuah kinga hi. Vowels te a mun diktak ah i zat theihkei aa leh a awsuah zongh hong kidang pah
lian ding hi.
Gtn. Tan – Ten – Tin – Ton – Tawn – Tun
4
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
A diakdiakin vowels “o” le “aw” pen kikhial kha baih thei hi. Hih vowels nih i zat khialh leh a
khiatna a tuampi suak hi.
Gtn. Toi – Tawi, Khoi – Khawi, Khom – Khawm, Poi – Pawi
(3) NAMDANGLAITE ZATPIHNA (ADOPTED WORDS)
Zopau ahilo namdangte’ lai i zatpihna ah amau malgawm bang teekteek mahin i gawmpih, i zatpih
ding mah hoih penpen hi. Tua ahih manin, namdangpau khatpeuh i zat ciang a nung a mai ah laimal
behlaploh ding thupi hi. Gtn. Computers te ci-in gelh ding hi ding aa, computerte – computerste cih
bangin gelh huailo hi.
Zolai ah a tam i gen ciang “te” kilim zat aa, a mai aa Zolaimal tawh kimatsakding ahi hi.
Gtn. Noteng le naupangte na omkhawm un.
Ahi zongin tua “te/teng” cih pen namdanglai i gelhna ah i mat khakloh ding hoih hi.
5
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(4) LAIMAL GAWMNA LE HALNA IN A KHIATNA A KILAMDANG SAKNA
Te/Teng, Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Sem, Pen, Ciang, Khawm
Plural Noun
Te/Teng (Adj/v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Te/Teng (Plural noun) pen a mai aa Noun tawh i mat leh tua Te/Teng in a mai aa Noun pen Plural
noun (khat sangin a tamzaw) suaksak hi.
Gtn. Tua a te ziahziah kham manphate nei le uh cin, khuapi sung ah noteng na teng zo ding uhhi.
*Plural Noun a suak sak, “te/teng” pen a mai aa Noun tawh mat hamtang ding.
Adverb
Lua (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Lua (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lua in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen Adverb suaksak hi.
Gtn. Zu tam dawnluain lua hi.
*Adverb pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Prefix
Lo (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Lo (Prefix) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lo in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi.
Gtn. Hih lo hoihlo hi.
*Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Prefix
Kei (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Kei (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Kei in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi.
Gtn. Kei bel laukei ing.
*Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
6
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Comparative
Zaw (adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Zaw (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Zaw in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Hih ciang zawlua in a hoihzaw khat va zong ni. (Gol, Golzaw)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Comparative
Sem (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Sem (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Sem in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Na semkhawm thei ding i hih manin lungdamsem ei. (Neu, Neusem)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Comparative
Pen (Adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Pen (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Pen in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Tua pen hoihpen hi. (Hoih, Hoihzaw, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) (Hoih, Hoihsem, Hoihpen, Hoih
penpen)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Conjunction/Time
Ciang (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Ciang (conj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Ciang in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen pau kizom
suaksak hi.
Ciang (time) pen hun i genna ah malkhat in gawm ding hi.
Gtn. Zingciang ciang khat tawh nong pai ciang kimu ni. Tua ciang ken zongh thaiciang ading ciang
khat hong tawi ning. Tuakhit ciangin semkhawm ni.
* Conjunction/Time pen laimal mat khatin mat/gawm hamtang ding.
Verb
Khawm (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Khawm (v) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Khawm in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a khiatna
behlap hi.
Gtn. Khawmpi pai dingin Lia Khawm in mi pawlkhat khawmtuah aa paikhawm uhhi.
*Adverb pen a nung/mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
7
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Hih teng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang
thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a
kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
(5) AWKAIH II KHEL LAIMALGAWM PAWLKHAT
Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Khawm, Lamdang, Thang, Thupi, Kap, Thei
Luat/Lua = Na khedaptul sangluain a sangluat ciang kilawm nawnlozaw hi.
Loh/Lo = Nong pailoh ciang kei zongh pailo pah hing.
Keh/Kei = Kei ka paikeh, nang zongh na paikei oo.
Zawk/Zaw = Nang kong teelzawk manin mi dangte in zongh nang mah hong teelzaw pah uhhi.
Khop/Khawm = Noteng na paikhop uh ciang kei zongh no tawh paikhawm nuam ing.
Lamdan/Lamdang = Lamdang na cihcih uhhang’ a kilamdanna thei zokei ing.
Than/Thang = Min thanna pen Pasian aa hi aa, a min thang tawntung tahen.
Thupit/Thupi = Na thupitna ka theih semsem ciang thupi ong sa semsem ing.
Kap/Kah = Ka kap leh ka kahna aw ngaihlua.
Thei/Theih = Thu theih nadingin thu theite dong ni.
8
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute
ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo
laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
Lai (noun)
Lai malgawm = noun + verb, Laimal gawm = noun + verb
Laimal (noun)
Laimal tampi malgawm theilo hi ing.
Laimalgawm (noun)
Laimalgawm tampi ka malgawm theihloh om hi.
Malgawm (verb)
Lai tampi sim lehang a malgawm zongh kisiam tuam hi.
Gawm (verb)
Laimal gawm dan zongh thei khang ae.
(6) LAIMAL GAWMZIA LE ZAT NADING MUNTE
Lua
Mahmah
Giklua ahih manin kipua zokei ei.
Gik mahmah ahih manin ka deih dan lian hi.
Lua = A tamzaw ah negative deihlohna lam ah
kizangzaw hi.
Mahmah = A tamzaw ah positive deihna,
hoihsakna lam ah kizangzaw hi.
Hong
Ong
Nang hong paizaw ve.
Kei ong paizaw ning.
Hong = Thugen pen in mi dangte a bulphuhna ah
zangh hi.
Ong = Thugen pen in a mah le a mah a
kibulphuhna ah zangh hi.
Hing
Ing
Ong pai ding hing.
Ong pai ing.
Hing = Ahi ding, ahi nailote ah kizangh hi.
Ing = Ahita, ahi laitakte ah kizangh hi.
Hih pen a taktakin “hi ing”, “Pasal hi ing” ci aa
kigenna pan “hing” cih a tomin kilo hi aa picing
takin lai i gelhnate ah “hi ing” mah ci-in gelh
ciatciat lehang thupit suah semsem ding hi.
9
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Leng
Lehang
Ong pai leng aive.
Pai lehang aive.
Leng =Khat kia genna ah kizangh hi.
Lehang = Khat sangin a tamzaw genna ah kizangh
hi.
Leh
Le
Nong pai leh kimu ni ei.
Nulepa tawh nang le kei i paikhop leh mawtaw
zangh ni.
Leh = Ahi thei, ahilo theite ah kizangh hi.
(English ah “if”)
Le = khat le khat kikal gennate ah kizangh hi.
“Hong pai leh aive” cihnate ah “if” lian bel hilo
hi.
(English ah “and”)
I/Ei
Uh
Eiteng i mawtaw tawh i paikhawm dia?
Ka mawtaw tawh a paikhawm nuam uh dia? Kong
zawn uhhi. i kizawn hi.
I/Ei = Ei le ei i kigenna ah khat sangin i tamzawk
leh kizangh hi.
Note: “i”, “ei” cihte i zat naak leh khat sangin
tamzaw cih theihsa hi khin pah aa, “uh” cih
kammal tawh zatkhop kul nawnlo hi.
Uh = Mi dangte ahi zong, ei le ei ahi zong i genna
ah khat sangin a tamzawk leh kizangh hi.
Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw
cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo
hi.
In
Un
Hong pai in. Amah in an a nek laitakin ka tung
uhhi.
Hong pai un. Amaute in an a nek laitakun ka tung
hi.
In = Khat bek tung ah genna
Un = Khat sangin a tamzaw tung ah genna
An a ne pen khat bek hi aa, tua laitakin a tung pen
khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi.
An a ne pen khat sangin tamzaw aa, tua laitakin a
tung pen khat bek cihna hi.
Noun/Verb + In
In
Naupangte in an ne nuamta uhhi, an na pia in.
Tuang in an a nek laitakin puan na sawp in.
In = A sem a bawl /a hih ding khatpeuh in a gen
hun ciang “in” pen kituam gelh hi.
In = Kammal kizomin zatnate ah a mai aa laimal
tawh kimat hi.
10
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Se
Sia
Puan se phop na siam na?
Puan sia phop na siam na?
Se = Kampau ciang “se” cih bangin kiza kha thei
aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal
diktaktak hilo hi.
Sia = Lai-in i gelh ciang “sia” mah ci in kigelh
tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cihtakpina
le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi.
Khaw
Khua
A 79 veina Khawdo pawipi
Na khua vuah a 80 veina Khuado pawipi lai,
khuadam mahmah hi.
Khaw = Kampau ciang “khaw” cih bangin kiza
kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in,
laimal diktaktak hilo hi.
Khua = Lai-in i gelh ciang “khua” mah ci in
kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh
cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit
suahzaw hi.
Hia
Hiam
Na gim hia?
Na gim hiam?
Hia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua
Hiam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “hiam” mah ci-in gelh
bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh
hi.
cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit
suahzaw hi.
Dia
Diam
Nong pai dia?
Nong pai diam?
Dia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua
Diam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “diam” mah ci-in gelh
bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal diktaktak hilo tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh
hi.
cihtakpina le official tawh kibangin thupit
suahzaw hi.
A
Aa
A mawtaw tawh a zin aa gamlapi pai hi.
A inn aa mawtaw pen a ma aa ahih cianga a ma
thuthu hi.
A = Noun ii mai ah ahih leh laimal halin “a” mal
khat bek zat ding ahi hi.
Aa = Noun ii nung ah ahih leh laimal halin “aa”
mal nih zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah, neihsa genna
ah zongh zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah laigual
kizopna (half sentence) ii a nung ah zongh zat
ding hi.
Gtn. Amah tawh kong pai lai aa a mawtaw kisa hi.
11
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
I
ii
I mawtaw hoih hi.
I mawtaw ii a mei tanglua hi. i vengte ii mawtaw
mei tawh kibang.
I = “I” mal khat bek pen Noun ii mai ah kilim zat
diak hi.
ii = “ii” mal nih pen Noun ii nung ah kilim zat
diak hi.
Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang
thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a
kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
(7) KHAT BEK LE A TAMZAW
Khat bek
Khat sang’ a tamzaw
-
Uh
A pai *hi.
A pai uhhi.
In
Un
Hong pai in.
Hong pai un.
(Mi dang khat tung genna.)
(Mi dangte tung genna.)
Ing
Ung
Ong pai ing.
Ong pai ung.
(Amah le amah a kigenna)
(Amau le amau a kigenna)
Ka
I
Ka pai hi.
I pai hi.
Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw
cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo
hi.
12
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Leng/Le ing
Lehang/Le ung
Pai leng hoih ding hi.
Pai lehang hoih ding hi.
A pai hi le ing maw, hoih mah diven.
A pai hi le ung maw, hoih mah diven.
Ning
Ni
Pai ning.
Pai ni.
(Amah le amah a kigenna)
(Amau le amau a kigenna)
Oo/Ve
Vo/Vua
Pai oo. Pai ve.
Pai vo. Pai vua, pai un. Pai ve vua.
(8) GENNA LE DOTNA
Genna
Dotna?
Ding/Di
Dia?
Na sem ding hi.
Na sem dia?
Hi
Hiam?
Na sem hi.
Na sem hiam?
In
Na?
Na sem in.
Na sem na?
13
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(9) SAWLNA LE KAMKHUMNA
Sawlna
Kamkhum suahzawk diakna
In
Ve
Na gen in.
Na gen ve.
Oo
Sak Oo, Sak ve, Sak vevua
Na gen oo.
Na gensak oo. Na gensak ve. Na gensak vevua.
Vo
Vua
Na gen vo.
Na gen vevua.
(10) AHIPAK SUAKSAK KAMMALTE
Dih
Pak
Hong pai dih.
Hong paipak. Hong paipak oo. Hong paipak dih.
Sai/Saisai
Zal
Hong paisai dih. Hong pai saisai dih. Hong
paipaksai dih. Hong pai pak saisai dih.
Hong paizal dih. Hong paipakzal dih. Hong
paizalzal dih.
Zial
Zual
Na sep sakzial oo. Na sep sakzialpak oo.
Na sep sakzual oo. Na sep sakzualpak dih.
14
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(11) A KILANGHSAK KAMMALTE
Dangdang, Dengdang,
Dialdual, Dualdual
Genggang, Geigai, Geelgaal,
Gega
Heihai, Heihoi, Hemham, Heha
Kelkol, Kelkai, Kiahkuah,
Keikai, Keukau, Kilkel,
Kekkok, Kiakua, Kengkang,
Kekaa
Lemlam, Lemlum, Lela,
Liakluak, Lillel, Lellul,
Lenglong, Lenglangh,
Liangluang
Melmul, Melmal, Mema,
Memmam, Meumau, Milmel
Pheiphai, Pheiphoi, Phelphal
Veivai, Veivoi, Viavua,
Velval, Vievei
Zialzual, Zipzup, Zekzawk, Zekzak
Hih bang dan a dang a kilanghsakkammal tampi om lai hi.
(12) KAMMAL LOMTE
Zopau ah kammal pawlkhat pen a lomlomin kigenkhawm tangtang se hi. Tuate pen laimal mat gaih
ding mah hoih hi.
Gtn. Innlelo, Nulepa, Ulenau, khualetui, Kiimlepaam, Zileta, Itlengaih, zawdeuh (hoihzawdeuh), cbd…
(13) KAMMAL TOMLAAKNA
Gtn. (gtn.) = Gentehna
Adt. (adt.) = Adangte
Cbd. (cbd.) = Cihbangdan
Ahk. (ahk.) = Ahihkeh
Akl. (akl.) =Aihkei leh/ Ahihkei leh
Tg. = Taang (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.)
Las. = Lasa, La siam, Lasak siam (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang
ding hi.)
Tom laakna ah “.” dot khat koih hamtang ding kilawm hi.
“Tg.” ah dot kikoih in “Lia” ciang tomlaakna hilo ahih manin koih kullo hi.
-
15
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(14) “A” LE “KI” II LAIMAL GAWM LE HAL
A
Hal/lo Ki
Hal/lo
A + verb = A pai laitak hi.
Hal
Ki + verb = Mawtaw kineisak aa kipai
hi.
Hallo
A + noun = A mawtaw hoih mahmah hi.
Hal
Ki + noun = Ki mawtaw neisak.
Hal
(Mawtaw kineisak)
A + to be noun = A ni, A hun, A mun, A
min
Hallo
Ki + to be noun = Kipawlna, Kinialna
Hallo
A + pronoun
Hallo
Ki + pronoun = kihici, kihuaci, kihiaci
Hallo
Hallo
Ki + /preposition/ = Kisang tungsak,
Kigamla, Kinai, Kihal, Kiniamkhiat
Hallo
= Amah le amau
A + preposition = Atung, Anuai, Amai,
Agei
(15) “G” LE “NG”
G
Ng
Gai
= Nupi khat gai hi.
Ngai
uhhi.
= Nungak khat ka ngai aa tun ka kingai
Gah
= Hanciamna thaman a gah kingah hi.
Singgah tampi ne den in.
Ngah = Kong laikhak na ngah ciang hong
zasakkik oo.
Gam
aw.
= Ka gam uh hong cidam sak in, Topa
Ngam
uhhi.
Gap
= A tha hoihin a tha gap hi.
Ngap
= Ngap pha melkei ing, nasep kuan
ngapkeng.
= A sem ngam peuhpeuh nasep kipan
Gak
= Inn sung ah mi tamluain kigak hi. Na
khau hoihtak gak in.
Ngak
Gawng = Na gawng semsem cin hoih semsem
cei.
Ngawng = Na ngawng aa khi hoihlua ei.
Gawm = Gawm/gawng lawh liangin lai kasin
leh laimal gawm le numbers gawm ka siamta hi.
Ngawm =
16
= Na ngak lai pak oo.
-
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Gel/ Geel = Ei gel bel i geelnate tangtung leh
nuamlua ding hi.
Ngeel
=
-
Gep
= Na ci geplua kisil zel oo.
Ngep
=
-
Giak
= Pute’n zan ka giak hi.
Ngiak
=
-
Gial
= Puan gial silh aa ka vak ni, gial kia hi.
Ngial
=
-
Gim
= Meh gimnam lakah gim takin na
kasem hi.
Ngim
= Thau kappa in hoih takin ngim tite aa a
khatna a ngah ding a ngim a tup ahi hi.
Gol
Ngol
=
Golh = Golhguk nek hoihlo hi. Ka ci ka sa a
golh hi.
Ngolh
= Thu manglote an kingolh hi.
Gu
= Gutate guza kipia hen. Khemna pen a
gu khauh mahmah hi.
Ngu
=
-
Guh
Nguh
=
-
Nguk
=
-
= Inn gol khat ka nei hi.
= Ka guh ka taangteng nalua hi.
Guk/Guuk
guk sat hi.
= Ka van hong kiguuksak laitak nai
-
Gum
= Eite hong gum pen Topa Zeisu hi.
Ngum
= Nungak ngumngekte ka ngai hi.
Gun
= Gun ah kimu ni ei.
Ngun
= Ngun le kham ka nei hi.
Gup
= Gup hauluate kimudah hi.
Ngup
=
-
Hihte pen Zopau Tedim awsuah siksanin lakna bek hi aa “Ng” aw a zangte aa zongh
Zopau/Zolai mah bel hiveve hi.
Pawlkhatte in Tedim awsuah ngah nuamlua liangin “Ng” awsuahna khempeuh ah “G” aw
vive suaksak uh ahih manin, a khiatna tuampi khat ahihlam i phawkkhak ding deihna ahi hi.
“G” aw a suak naak leh Tedim awsuah dikpen cihna hi pahlo aa, “Ng” aw a suak khempeuh
zongh Tedim awsuah diklo cih bang hituanlo hi. Tedim awsuah ah “G” awsuah, “Ng” awsuah
a nihin kihelh hi.
17
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(16) APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) ZATNA MUN
( ’ ) pen laimal tomlaakna ah kilim zat mahmah hi. Paulai tawh i gelh ciang, pau awsuah bangin i gelh
ciang kilim zat diak hi. Laigil, lai thupite ah ahih leh laimal tomlaakna-in zatloh mah hoihzaw hi.
Gtn.
-
Kote in Sangpi ii mawtaw ka laploh manun noteng in nong nusia uhhi.
Kote’n Sangpi’ mawtaw ka laploh manun note’n nong nusia uhhi.
Neihna lakna ah zongh “ii” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Sangpi ii mawtaw (Sangpi’ mawtaw)
Sepna lakna ah zongh “in” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Kote in (Kote’n), Noteng in (Note’n)
Phonetic tuamtuam zat ding pen hoih khinlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Zolai pen theih
baih, sin baih, ciapteh baih ahih ding kisam hi. Tualoin Zolai a lunglut le a sin nuam kitawm
semsem kha ding hi. Phonetic tuamtuam a zangh minamdang tampi a om sam hang’ zangh
hetlo aa a khangto veve, a lai uh a tangzai veve minam tampi mah na om kawikawi hi.
(17) AH, UHHI, AHI HI.
= “ah” cih laimal pen tang gelh ding mah hoihzaw hi. Inntung ah, Zogam ah, Nang kiang
ah
ah
Banghang hiam cih leh “a le h” kihel laimal kigawm tampitak Zolai ah om ahih manin “ah” tawh
laimal matna in laisimna haksasak tuam thei hi.
uhhi. = A pai uhhi. Ahi uhhi. (Hih pen “h” nih kizom ci-in matloh ding hoih asa kiom thei aa,
mat lehang sim dan nopzawin laisim hong manlangzawsak tuam hi.)
ahi hi. = Amah ahi hi.
“ahi hi” ah hal ding pen hoihzaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, hih pen format khat hong
suak hi.
18
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Khat
kia/tung
ah
Khat sang’
Laimal behlapzia
a tamzaw tung
ah genna
genna
ahi hi.
ahi uhhi.
ahi zongin
ahih manin,
ahikei zongin
ahihloh
manin
ahi mah zongin
ahi phial mah zongin
ahi tateu zongin
ahi hiam?
ahi uhhiam?
ahi zong
ahih ciangin,
ahikei zong
ahihloh
ciangin
ahi phial zong
ahi sawmvei zong
ahi sawmvei mah zong
ahi phial sawmvei mah zong
ahi diam?
ahi uhdiam?
ahi phial diam
ahih hangin,
ahi taktak diam
ahihloh
hangin
ahi taktak mah diam
ahi takpi diam
ahi takpi mah diam
ahi dia?
ahi uhdia?
ahikei uh dia
ahih hang,
ahihloh hang
ahi na?
ahi uhna?
ahi mah hi.
ahi mah uhhi.
ahih sam
hang,
ahihloh sam
hang
ahi tam?
ahi uhtam?
ahi mawk mah tam?
ahikei tam
ahikei mawk
tam
Na hi hi.
Na hi uhhi.
ahilo, ahilopi, ahilote,
ahiloteng
ahihloh aa
na hihloh aa
Na hilo mawk hi. Na hikei
hi.
19
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Ka hi hi.
Ka hi uhhi.
Ka hikei hi. Ka hikei uhhi.
ka hihloh aa
I hi hi.
“I hi uhhi” cih
kul nawnlo hi.
“i” in khat sang’
a tamzaw ahihna
lakkhin ahih
manin “uh”
kisamthuah
nawnlo hi.
I hikei hi. I hi peuhmahkei
hi. I hi vetkei hi.
I hihloh aa,
hi uhhen.
hita hen, hita uhhen.
hi henla,
Hi mah hen, himah uhhen.
hita henla,
Note:
Hi sam hen, hi sam uhhen.
hi sam henla
“hi” mun ah
Hi beek hen, hi beek uhhen.
hi beek henla
hi hen.
I hihlohpi aa,
hi sambeek
henla
verb (sepna)
khatpeuh
kizangh thei
hi.
hi in.
I hihloh
mawkin,
hi un.
hita in, hita un.
hi inla,
hi mah in, hi mah un.
hi unla
hi sam in. hi sam un.
hi mah inla,
hi mah unla
hi beek in. hi beek un.
hi sam inla,
hi sam unla
hi beek inla,
hi beek unla
Note: “i” zatna ah, “uh” cih tawh zatkhop kullo hi. “ihi hi”, “i kizasak hi” hileh
khat sangin a tamzaw ahih lam kilangkhin hi. “ihi uhhi”, “i kizasak uhhi” cih bang
kulthuah nawnlo hi.
Tua baan ah, “i” pen “noun” tawh matloh ding hi.
Gtn. I khua ah i mawtaw tawh a pai ihi hi.
(18) MINPI LE MINNEU
Minpi pen Lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi.
20
Gtn. Thang Suan Piang, Mang Za Cin Khai, Dim
Ngaih Huai
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Minneu pen minpi sung aa teng lian bek pan a
kilawh leh lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi.
Gtn. Suan Piang, Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih
Minneu pen minpi sung bek pan thamlo a meizom Gtn. Piangpi, Khaitawng, Dimboih, Huaikhek
behlap a om leh a minpi sung aa tawh mat ding
hoih hi.
(19) LAIMALGAWM KHAT, KHIATNA TUAMTUAM A NEITE
Hai = Meihai, Tuihai, Haigah, Mihai
Mei = Meitang, Vaanmei, Uimei
Zang = Zahmawhvan, mazang, kizangh thei
Hih bang dan khiatna hau laimalgawm kibangte pen “double words” tawh khenluat ding
hoihlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh “double words” zatna ah zongh khiatna khat sangin a
tamzaw om veve theilai hi. Tua ahih manin hih bang dan laimalte pen a laigual/a thu zui-in
kikhen thei lai veve ahih manin khenloh mah hoihzaw hi. English lai leh namdang tampite ii
laite ah zongh hih bang dan mahin laimal kibang khiatna kibanglo, laimal kibanglo khiatna
kibang cih dan tampi mah na om kawikawi hi.
Gtn. Fly (Hih mun ah laimal lian /capital tawh a kigelh leh noun ci-in na khen uhhi.)
Zolai ah tua bang lianin khen theih hi khinlo hi.
(20) KHIATNA KIBANG/KINAI, KAMMAL KIBANGLO LE A KILEHBULHPIHTE
Ahih hang
Ala!
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong
Alai, Kala, Kalai, Aaa, Aaa Zen, Aaa guai
Antonyms
Antonyms
Tua ahih manin, Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih
ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa
Immm, Hmmm, Innn, Hnnn
21
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Bang ae
Ciah
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ai ze, Aici ze, Bangci ae
Kal, Cia
Antonyms
Pai, Pei
Citak
Denciang
Synonyms
Synonyms
Kuhkal, Hanciam, Hahkat
Antonyms
Zoteh, Zociang, Danciang, Anciang, Denteh,
Dentakteh
Zulh, Zulhtat, Thadah
Antonyms
Tun, Tulaitak, Tumahmah
Dik
Gen
Synonyms
Synonyms
Thudik, Thunem, Thunuam, Thukhual, Lungduai,
Lungsau, Picing, Cingh, Gi (Migi)
Soi, Ngen, Son
Antonyms
Dai, Paulo, Hamlo, Genlo, Ngenlo, Sonlo, Soilo
Antonyms
Gilo (Diklo), Sintom, Lungtom, Ngongtat,
Lauhuai, Gamhtat
Hehpihna
Hivak
Synonyms
Synonyms
Hehsuahna, Hehsuakna
Hi-inteh, Hivaa, Hitaw, Himahvak, Himavaa,
Himataw, Himahinteh
Laigelh
Mahmah
Synonyms
Synonyms
Lai-at, laikui, laisuai, laikhen
Mamah, Cip, Lua, Lei, naak
(A hunzui-in kammal zat kikhel aa a mun leh a
thuzui-in kizangh kawikawi hi.)
Gtn. Computer khen, laigelh, lai-atpipa, cbd.
22
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Mangpha
Mate
Synonyms
Synonyms
Mangfa
Mataw, I zaw, Nacina, Nacihia
Antonyms
Mangsia
Mehthuk
Mengmeng
Synonyms
Synonyms
Methua, Fazan, Piadi, Bokboon
Memeng, Vaseuh, Kinawh, Manlang, Saisai, Kin
Antonyms
Antonyms
Mehkha
Ziakai, Damdam, Duakduak, Daldal
Hih bang dan a dang tampi om lai kha ding hi. Kammalte a kibatlohhang avekin Zopau/Zolai vive
mah ahi hi.
23
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Ngai
Siang
Synonyms
Synonyms
It, Hoihsa, Deih, Paakta, Zahtak, Ngaihbangsa
Sieng, Thiang
Antonyms
Antonyms
Hua, Siasa (Hoihsalo), Mudah, Deihlo, Paaktaklo,
Zahtaklo, Ngailo, Ngaihbangsalo, Ensan
Nin
Tu
Tua
Synonyms
Synonyms
Khung, To
Tu, Zia
Antonym
Antonyms
Ding
Hih
Tua bek thamlo
Tua ahih manin
Synonyms
Synonyms
Tua baanah, Tua zomah
Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih
cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa
Antonyms
Ahih hang, Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial
zong
Uiphuk
Vau
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ukeng (Kivalaak), Ulol
Taw'ng, Phin, Do, Hehssak, Galbawl, Dembawl,
Sinso sak, Langpan, El, Elbawl
Antonyms
Pawlbawl, Kilem, Kipawl, Zawn, Kithutuak,
Kithukim
Zasan
Zopau
Synonyms
Synonyms
Kawlsing, Maza, Malta
Zoham, Zokam
Antonyms
(Ham suo, Kamtam kei oo, Pau kei oo)
Cikhum
24
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(21) DEIHNA A GEN KAMMALTE
ading
Pasian ading nong kihel nading kong zawn uhhi.
Pasian ading nong kikel nadingin kong zawn uhhi. (Mi khat tung ah
zotna)
Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in”
2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw
pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.)
adingin
Pasian adingin nong kihel nadingun kong zawh uhhi. (Mi tam tung ah
zotna)
Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in”
2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw
pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.)
tading, tadingin
Khuapihte ading kong gensak hi.
Khuapih tading kong gensak hi.
Khuapihte adingin kong gensak hi.
Khuapih tadingin kong gensak hi.
“tading” cih kammal pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi.
“ading” cih kammal pen khat bekah kizangh hi. Ahi zongin amai ah
“te” “amau” cih bang dan khat sang’ a tamzaw kammal tawh kizom
thei hi.
Amau ading kong gensak hi.
nading
Kipawl nading kipawlna phuan zel ding maw?
nadingin
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi.
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. (Hih mun
ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “cianga” zat ding kilawmzaw hi.)
25
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
nadingun
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi.
(khat sang’ a tamzaw genna)
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi.
cianga
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi.
ciangin
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi.
ciangun
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in.
(khat sang’ a tamzaw genna)
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in.
inla
Pai inla va gen in.
“inla” pen khat ii tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi.
Thu ngai khat ii tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi.
unla
Pai unla va gen un.
“unla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat
ding hi.
Thu ngaite tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi.
Henla, uhhenla
Pai henla va gen hen.
Pa uhhenla va gen uhhen.
“henla” pen mi khat tung ah mi dang khat ii hih ding, mi dang
khat ii thu genna ah kizangh hi. Laimal mat ding hi.
“uhhenla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi.
26
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(22) LAIMAL ZATZIA (GRAMMAR)
Kammal khenna
Gentehna
Kammal pawlkhat
(Verb) Sepna lak
Tuang in an ne hi.
Pai, Sem, Gen, Kap, cbd.
(Adverb) Sepna tellak
Tuang in an ne saisai hi.
Lua, duakduak, zialzial, cbd.
(Helping Verb) Hihna lak
Tuang pen pasal hi.
Hi, hita, ahi hi, cbd.
(Adjective) Hihna tellak
Tuang pen pasal hoih hi.
Gina, hangsan, thau, tom, cbd.
(Noun) Minna
Tuang in laibu sim hi.
Thawnpi, Mawtaw, Singkung,
cbd.
(Pronoun) Minna tang
Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua
ama sim pen hoih mahmah
hi.
Amah, amau, ei, kei, ko, nang,
cbd.
(Plural Noun) Minnate
Laibuteng le a simte koi lam
tung uh ahia?
te, teng
( - ) Tamna lak
Laibuteng le a simte koi lam
tung uh ahia?
Ei, en, un, uh, i, ung, cbd.
Minna cih ciangin min
khatpeuh zongh hi thei, na
khatpeuh zongh hi thei cihna
hi.
I mawtaw tawh na pai un.
Eiteng in bang i hih tam?
(Conjunction) Kammal zom
Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua
aa leh, cianga, aa, in, la, ahih
ahih manin lai thei hi. Tuang hang, ahi zong, cbd.
in laibu sim ahih manin lai
thei hi.
(Preposition) Mun lak
Mualdawn aa biakinn ah pai
ni.
tung, nuai, paam, gei, cbd.
(Time) Hun lak
Tua kipan ut nawn khang.
Tua kipan, aa kipan, nawn, ciang,
laitak, lai, lai-in, cbd.
27
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
28
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(Negative) Alehlam
Umlopi genkenla, paikei ni.
lo, loh, kei, ken, keng, cbd.
(Interjection) Phawnna lak
Haa! thadah ta ei.
Oh!, Aaa!, Kalai!, Alai!,
Kamawk!, Amawk!, Azen!, Azen
aw!, Aguai!
Aguai, Tuang in sang ah lai a hanciam mahmah aa leh tua laitak amah a mute in hih pa pen
sangnaupang kician khatin ngaihsun uhhi. Ahih hang’ ken ka umkei hi.
Aguai = Phawnna lak
Tuang = Minna
sang = Minna
ah = Mun lak
lai = Minna
hanciam = Sepna lak
mahmah = Sepna tellak
aa leh = Kammal
zom
laitak = A hun lak
amah = Minna tang
mu = Sepna lak
te = Minnate
hih = Minna tang
pen = Hihna lak
sangnaupang = Minna
kician = Hihna tellak
ngaihsun = Sepna lak
uh = Tamna lak
Ahih hang = Kammal
zom
ken = Minna tang
um = Sepna lak
kei = Alehlam
(23) SEPNA LAK LE MINNA SUAHNA
Sepna lakna (v)
Sepna lakna (v) pan Minna (n) suahna
Gen
Genna
Tai
Taina
29
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(24) HIHNA TELLAK LE MINNA SUAHNA
Hihna tellak (adj)
Sang
Sangzaw
Sangzawlai
Sangpen
Sang penpen
Siam
Siamzaw
Siamzawlai
Siampen
Siam penpen
Hihna tellak (adj) pan Minna (n) suahna
Sangna
Sangzawkna
Sangzawklaina
Sangpenna
Sang penpenna
Siamna
Siamzawkna
Siamzawklaina
Siampenna
Siam penpenna
(25) A HUN LAKNA
A hunma
Samlo.
Sam nailo.
Pailo.
Pai nailo.
Sam ding. Sam mah
ding.
Pai ding. Pai mah ding.
A hun
sung
Samta.
Samsamta.
Sam laitak.
Paita. Paipaita.
Pai laitak. Paipai
laitak.
A hunkhit Samkhin lian.
Paikhin lian.
Samsam laitak.
Samkhin.
Samkhin tham.
Paikhin.
Samkhin pek.
Samkhin
thamtham.
Paikhin tham.
Samkhin pekpek.
Paikhin pek.
Paikhin thamtham.
Paikhin pekpek.
30
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(26) HI LEH HOIHZAW DING HI
1. Hi thei leh van/na (noun) khat peuhpeuh pen mal khat (malgawm khat) ta in mat gai aa gelh huai
hi. Tua hi leh laimal gawm ding le hal ding cihte ngaihsutna ciaptehna nuamtuam mahmah ding
hi.
2. Lai pen standard a om nading, a luanzia, a kigelhziate format kician takin a om ding kisam hi.
3. Lai pen theih baih ding, tel baih ding, ciapteh baih ding hi leh tangzai baihzaw ding hi.
4. Lai pen minambup in a malgawm kibangkim takin zatkhop ding thupi hi.
5. Pau/kammal om khempeuh kibaan sin gaih zolo ding ahih manin, laimal gawmzia khat theih
naak aa leh pau/kammal khat peuhpeuh dik takin malgawm pah theih nading Standard Format
khat kisam ahi hi.
(27) MAILAM AH
1. Grades/Levels zui-in Zolai sinna kician takin neih zawh huai hi.
2. Zolai tawh grammar bu, poem bu, history bu, geography bu, biography bu, articles bu cih bang
dan a tuamtuam grades/levels zui in bawl zawh huai hi.
3. Thupatna ah a kigensa om mah bangin Zolai Standard Format kician takin a omkei leh
minambup ii supna lianpi khat suak kha thei hi. Minambup in a zatkhop theih nadingin zumvai
(kumpi, biakna, private) nasemte aa kipan Media te le laibu bawlte in zatkhop masak huai
mahmah hi. Laimal gawmzia hong kibat nading hih panmunteng mah a thupipen ahi hi.
Zolai in minam picing khat i hihna hong kipsak aa
namdangte in hong deep nading uh pan hong hu hi.
LUNGDAM MAHMAH HI
Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang)
31
(LTTUANG)
Zolai Standard Format
Minambup Zolai gelhzia a kibatkim theih nading
Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang)
20 December 2018 (Thursday)
Zolai STANDARD Format
ZON OLNA
Thupatna .......................................................................................................................................... 2
(1) Zolai Standard Format ............................................................................................................. 3
(2) Zolai Vowels ........................................................................................................................... 4
(3) Namdanglaite Zatpihna (Adopted Words) .............................................................................. 5
(4) Laimal Gawmna Le Halna In A Khiatna A Kilamdang Sakna ............................................... 6
(5) Awkaih ii Khel Laimalgawm Pawlkhat .................................................................................. 8
(6) Laimal Gawmzia Le Zat Nading Munte ................................................................................. 9
(7) Khat Bek Le A Tamzaw ........................................................................................................ 12
(8) Genna Le Dotna .................................................................................................................... 13
(9) Sawlna Le Kamkhumna ........................................................................................................ 14
(10) Ahipak Suaksak Kammalte ................................................................................................... 14
(11) A Kilanghsak Kammalte ....................................................................................................... 15
(12) Kammal Lomte ...................................................................................................................... 15
(13) Kammal Tomlaakna .............................................................................................................. 15
(14) “A” le “Ki” ii Laimal Gawm Le Hal ..................................................................................... 16
(15) “G” le “Ng” ........................................................................................................................... 16
(16) Apostrophe ( ’ ) Zatna Mun ................................................................................................... 18
(17) ah, uhhi, ahi hi. ...................................................................................................................... 18
(18) Minpi Le Minneu ................................................................................................................... 20
(19) Laimalgawm Khat, Khiatna Tuamtuam A Neite ................................................................... 21
(20) Khiatna Kibang/Kinai, Kammal Kibanglo Le A Kilehbulhpihte .......................................... 21
(21) Deihna A Gen Kammalte ...................................................................................................... 25
(22) Laimal Zatzia (Grammar) ...................................................................................................... 27
(23) Sepna Lak Le Minna Suahna ................................................................................................. 29
(24) Hihna Tellak Le Minna Suahna ............................................................................................. 30
(25) A hun Lakna .......................................................................................................................... 30
(26) Hi Leh Hoihzaw Ding Hi....................................................................................................... 31
(27) Mailam Ah ............................................................................................................................. 31
1
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
THUPATNA
Zolai pen Latin phonetic siksanin kibawl ahi hi. Tuhun ciang khangthakte in
English phonetic siksanin lai sinzaw uhhi. Tua ahih manin Latin phonetic siksanin
a kigelh Zolai a sim uh ciang Zopau awsuahin suak nawnlo hi. Tua panin Zopau
awsuah ngah nading English phonetic siksan aa hong kigelh leh Zolai gelhzia pen
khat le khat hong kibanglo semsem kha ding hi.
Tua ahih manin Zolai Standard Format khat kician takin a om zawh ding kisampha
mahmah hi. A om zawhkei zenzen leh, mailam ah Zolai gelhzia hong buaihuai
mahmah ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tu bekin zongh, India lam Zomi le
Myanmar lam Zomite ii lai gelhzia kibang zo nawnlokhinta hi. US, UK, Canada,
Australia cih bang dan English a kilim zatna gam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia
le Myanmar gam lam aa khangthak Zomite ii lai gelhzia zongh damdamin hong
kidan semsem khak ding hoihlo hi. Tua baanah, English phonetic lah a zanglo, Latin
phonetic zongh a zanglo gam tuamtuam aa tung Zomi khangthakte ii Zolai gelhzia
zongh a tuampi khat hong suak kha thei lai ding hi. Tua ahih manin minambup in
lai gelhziate a luanzia khat a kibatkim theih nadingin Zolai ah zongh Standard
Format kician khat a om ding thupi mahmah hi.
Tua bek thamlo, Zomi khangthakte aa kipan namdangte in Zolai a sin nop uh leh
sinzia olin, sinna a nuam ding, kiciantak aa lak theih, hilh theih dingin Standard
Format khat Zolai in a neih zawh ding kisam mahmah hi.
A zon ol na?
Ol (adj)
Ol mah.
Adj pen a nung ah “na” tawh mat lehang
Noun suak hi.
A olna bang hiam?
Ol na le Olna cihte ii a khiatna kibanglo hi.
2
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(1) ZOLAI STANDARD FORMAT
Zolai Standard Format ahi Zolai ii paizia, a thu a la zui-in laimalte gawmzia, halzia,
kimatsak, kihalsak dingte i theih naak leh i gelh nop peuhpeuh a thu zui-in kigelh thei hi. Tua ahih
manin, Zolai pen Zopau kammal khat sim ah bangci malgawm ding cih sin gaih tektek a kul hilo hi.
Zolai Standard Format zui tekin lai gelh hilehang, Zolai pen mikim in a i gelhzia hong
kibang thei ding hi. Mikim ii Zolai gelhzia a kibat theih nadingin Format kician khat kisam ahi hi.
“Zolai Standard Format i cihin bang dan hiam?” cih a nuai ah laigual khat tawh gentehna
kimu thei hi.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ki pawl na ding in ki pawl na ding ni.
Kipawlna ding in kipawlna ding ni.
Kipawlna dingin kipawlna ding ni.
Kipawl nadingin kipawlna ding ni.
Zolai Standard Format ah hih atung aa laigual liteng pan no.4 na pen a dikpen ahi hi.
Kipawl pen Verb hi aa, Kipawlna pen Noun ahi hi.
"na" zatna mun, "na" zat nading
Noun
Infinitive
Verb pan Noun suahna
Verb pen Geelna, Sawmna, Deihna ah zatna
Verb + “na” = Noun
Verb + Infinitive marker = nading (English ah "to")
Pai + na = Paina
Pai + nading = Pai nading
Gtn.
-
3
Ka paina ah nong pai nading kong zawn hi.
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Behlap ding:
Amai aa verb tawh +na I behlap ciang, noun suak hi.
Amai aa verb tawh +na behlapin anung noun suak aa, anung ah proper noun khat in a zuih leh,
noun 2 kizom suak aa, amai aa +na tawh kibawl noun pen adjective suak hi.
Gtn. Itna (Noun) pen, anung ah proper noun khat tawh I gawm ciang, Adj suak hi. Itna Pasian,
Itna Innpi.
Adang khat lai:
Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj in a zuih leh sentence hi-in sepna lakna hi.
Noun ii nung ah Verb/Adj I mat pen noun suahna hi.
Gtn.
Pasian thu gen mah hi. (thu gen = Pasian thu a gen mah hi. = a thu a genna)
Pasian thugen mah hi. (thugen = Amah pen Pasian thu a gen mi mah hi. = a mi a genna)
Pasian thugen khat Pasian thu genin buai mahmah hi.
Mang (noun) Pha (adj) = mangpha, mangsia, manglamdang*
Thu (noun) Pha (adj) = thupha, thuhoih, thusia, thulamdang*
Khin, Khit cihte amai aa tawh I mat leh, a mai aa kammal a laihna hi.
Adang khat lai:
Ahih lam, ahihloh lam, ahih peuhmahloh lam, ahihloh uh, ahih manin, ahih manun cihte limtak
table tawh lak lai ding.
Tua ciang, tua ciangin, ahih ciang, tua ahih ciangin, tua ahih manin, tua ahih manun, tua ahih lam
(2) ZOLAI VOWELS
Zolai ah “a”, “e”, “i”, “o”, “u” le “aw” cih vowel mal 6 om hi. Zolai ah laimal a tamzaw
thamtham pen hih vowels te pan khat teitei kihel hamtang hi. Hih vowels te tung ah lai malgawm ii
awsuah kinga hi. Vowels te a mun diktak ah i zat theihkei aa leh a awsuah zongh hong kidang pah
lian ding hi.
Gtn. Tan – Ten – Tin – Ton – Tawn – Tun
4
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
A diakdiakin vowels “o” le “aw” pen kikhial kha baih thei hi. Hih vowels nih i zat khialh leh a
khiatna a tuampi suak hi.
Gtn. Toi – Tawi, Khoi – Khawi, Khom – Khawm, Poi – Pawi
(3) NAMDANGLAITE ZATPIHNA (ADOPTED WORDS)
Zopau ahilo namdangte’ lai i zatpihna ah amau malgawm bang teekteek mahin i gawmpih, i zatpih
ding mah hoih penpen hi. Tua ahih manin, namdangpau khatpeuh i zat ciang a nung a mai ah laimal
behlaploh ding thupi hi. Gtn. Computers te ci-in gelh ding hi ding aa, computerte – computerste cih
bangin gelh huailo hi.
Zolai ah a tam i gen ciang “te” kilim zat aa, a mai aa Zolaimal tawh kimatsakding ahi hi.
Gtn. Noteng le naupangte na omkhawm un.
Ahi zongin tua “te/teng” cih pen namdanglai i gelhna ah i mat khakloh ding hoih hi.
5
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(4) LAIMAL GAWMNA LE HALNA IN A KHIATNA A KILAMDANG SAKNA
Te/Teng, Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Sem, Pen, Ciang, Khawm
Plural Noun
Te/Teng (Adj/v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Te/Teng (Plural noun) pen a mai aa Noun tawh i mat leh tua Te/Teng in a mai aa Noun pen Plural
noun (khat sangin a tamzaw) suaksak hi.
Gtn. Tua a te ziahziah kham manphate nei le uh cin, khuapi sung ah noteng na teng zo ding uhhi.
*Plural Noun a suak sak, “te/teng” pen a mai aa Noun tawh mat hamtang ding.
Adverb
Lua (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Lua (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lua in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen Adverb suaksak hi.
Gtn. Zu tam dawnluain lua hi.
*Adverb pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Prefix
Lo (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Lo (Prefix) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Lo in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi.
Gtn. Hih lo hoihlo hi.
*Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Prefix
Kei (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Kei (adv) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Kei in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a lehlam suaksak hi.
Gtn. Kei bel laukei ing.
*Prefix pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
6
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Comparative
Zaw (adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Zaw (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Zaw in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Hih ciang zawlua in a hoihzaw khat va zong ni. (Gol, Golzaw)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Comparative
Sem (v) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Sem (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Sem in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Na semkhawm thei ding i hih manin lungdamsem ei. (Neu, Neusem)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Comparative
Pen (Adj) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Pen (c.adj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Pen in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen uangzawsak hi.
Gtn. Tua pen hoihpen hi. (Hoih, Hoihzaw, Hoihpen, Hoih penpen) (Hoih, Hoihsem, Hoihpen, Hoih
penpen)
*Comparative Adj pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
Conjunction/Time
Ciang (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Ciang (conj) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Ciang in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen pau kizom
suaksak hi.
Ciang (time) pen hun i genna ah malkhat in gawm ding hi.
Gtn. Zingciang ciang khat tawh nong pai ciang kimu ni. Tua ciang ken zongh thaiciang ading ciang
khat hong tawi ning. Tuakhit ciangin semkhawm ni.
* Conjunction/Time pen laimal mat khatin mat/gawm hamtang ding.
Verb
Khawm (n) pen tang khat bekin i gelh leh khiatna tuam neih hi.
Khawm (v) pen a mai aa Verb/Adj tawh i mat leh tua Khawm in a mai aa Verb/Adj pen a khiatna
behlap hi.
Gtn. Khawmpi pai dingin Lia Khawm in mi pawlkhat khawmtuah aa paikhawm uhhi.
*Adverb pen a nung/mai aa Verb/Adj tawh mat hamtang ding.
7
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Hih teng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang
thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a
kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
(5) AWKAIH II KHEL LAIMALGAWM PAWLKHAT
Lua, Lo, Kei, Zaw, Khawm, Lamdang, Thang, Thupi, Kap, Thei
Luat/Lua = Na khedaptul sangluain a sangluat ciang kilawm nawnlozaw hi.
Loh/Lo = Nong pailoh ciang kei zongh pailo pah hing.
Keh/Kei = Kei ka paikeh, nang zongh na paikei oo.
Zawk/Zaw = Nang kong teelzawk manin mi dangte in zongh nang mah hong teelzaw pah uhhi.
Khop/Khawm = Noteng na paikhop uh ciang kei zongh no tawh paikhawm nuam ing.
Lamdan/Lamdang = Lamdang na cihcih uhhang’ a kilamdanna thei zokei ing.
Than/Thang = Min thanna pen Pasian aa hi aa, a min thang tawntung tahen.
Thupit/Thupi = Na thupitna ka theih semsem ciang thupi ong sa semsem ing.
Kap/Kah = Ka kap leh ka kahna aw ngaihlua.
Thei/Theih = Thu theih nadingin thu theite dong ni.
8
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang thute
ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a kilaklo
laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
Lai (noun)
Lai malgawm = noun + verb, Laimal gawm = noun + verb
Laimal (noun)
Laimal tampi malgawm theilo hi ing.
Laimalgawm (noun)
Laimalgawm tampi ka malgawm theihloh om hi.
Malgawm (verb)
Lai tampi sim lehang a malgawm zongh kisiam tuam hi.
Gawm (verb)
Laimal gawm dan zongh thei khang ae.
(6) LAIMAL GAWMZIA LE ZAT NADING MUNTE
Lua
Mahmah
Giklua ahih manin kipua zokei ei.
Gik mahmah ahih manin ka deih dan lian hi.
Lua = A tamzaw ah negative deihlohna lam ah
kizangzaw hi.
Mahmah = A tamzaw ah positive deihna,
hoihsakna lam ah kizangzaw hi.
Hong
Ong
Nang hong paizaw ve.
Kei ong paizaw ning.
Hong = Thugen pen in mi dangte a bulphuhna ah
zangh hi.
Ong = Thugen pen in a mah le a mah a
kibulphuhna ah zangh hi.
Hing
Ing
Ong pai ding hing.
Ong pai ing.
Hing = Ahi ding, ahi nailote ah kizangh hi.
Ing = Ahita, ahi laitakte ah kizangh hi.
Hih pen a taktakin “hi ing”, “Pasal hi ing” ci aa
kigenna pan “hing” cih a tomin kilo hi aa picing
takin lai i gelhnate ah “hi ing” mah ci-in gelh
ciatciat lehang thupit suah semsem ding hi.
9
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Leng
Lehang
Ong pai leng aive.
Pai lehang aive.
Leng =Khat kia genna ah kizangh hi.
Lehang = Khat sangin a tamzaw genna ah kizangh
hi.
Leh
Le
Nong pai leh kimu ni ei.
Nulepa tawh nang le kei i paikhop leh mawtaw
zangh ni.
Leh = Ahi thei, ahilo theite ah kizangh hi.
(English ah “if”)
Le = khat le khat kikal gennate ah kizangh hi.
“Hong pai leh aive” cihnate ah “if” lian bel hilo
hi.
(English ah “and”)
I/Ei
Uh
Eiteng i mawtaw tawh i paikhawm dia?
Ka mawtaw tawh a paikhawm nuam uh dia? Kong
zawn uhhi. i kizawn hi.
I/Ei = Ei le ei i kigenna ah khat sangin i tamzawk
leh kizangh hi.
Note: “i”, “ei” cihte i zat naak leh khat sangin
tamzaw cih theihsa hi khin pah aa, “uh” cih
kammal tawh zatkhop kul nawnlo hi.
Uh = Mi dangte ahi zong, ei le ei ahi zong i genna
ah khat sangin a tamzawk leh kizangh hi.
Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw
cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo
hi.
In
Un
Hong pai in. Amah in an a nek laitakin ka tung
uhhi.
Hong pai un. Amaute in an a nek laitakun ka tung
hi.
In = Khat bek tung ah genna
Un = Khat sangin a tamzaw tung ah genna
An a ne pen khat bek hi aa, tua laitakin a tung pen
khat sangin a tamzaw cihna hi.
An a ne pen khat sangin tamzaw aa, tua laitakin a
tung pen khat bek cihna hi.
Noun/Verb + In
In
Naupangte in an ne nuamta uhhi, an na pia in.
Tuang in an a nek laitakin puan na sawp in.
In = A sem a bawl /a hih ding khatpeuh in a gen
hun ciang “in” pen kituam gelh hi.
In = Kammal kizomin zatnate ah a mai aa laimal
tawh kimat hi.
10
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Se
Sia
Puan se phop na siam na?
Puan sia phop na siam na?
Se = Kampau ciang “se” cih bangin kiza kha thei
aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik
taktak hilo hi.
Sia = Lai-in i gelh ciang “sia” mah ci in kigelh
tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih takpina
le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw hi.
Khaw
Khua
A 79 veina Khawdo pawipi
Na khua vuah a 80 veina Khuado pawipi lai,
khuadam mahmah hi.
Khaw = Kampau ciang “khaw” cih bangin kiza
kha thei aa, tua bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in,
laimal dik taktak hilo hi.
Khua = Lai-in i gelh ciang “khua” mah ci in
kigelh tektek hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih
takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw
hi.
Hia
Hiam
Na gim hia?
Na gim hiam?
Hia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua
bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak
hilo hi.
Hiam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “hiam” mah ci-in gelh
tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih
takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw
hi.
Dia
Diam
Nong pai dia?
Nong pai diam?
Dia = Kampau ciang kilim zatzaw diak aa, tua
bangin i gelh leh paulai hi-in, laimal dik taktak
hilo hi.
Diam = Lai-in i gelh ciang “diam” mah ci-in gelh
tangtang huai hi. Laipau in i pau ciang zongh cih
takpina le official tawh kibangin thupit suahzaw
hi.
A
Aa
A mawtaw tawh a zin aa gamlapi pai hi.
A inn aa mawtaw pen a ma aa ahih cianga a ma
thuthu hi.
A = Noun ii mai ah ahih leh laimal halin “a” mal
khat bek zat ding ahi hi.
Aa = Noun ii nung ah ahih leh laimal halin “aa”
mal nih zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah, neihsa genna
ah zongh zat ding ahi hi. Tua baan ah laigual
kizopna (half sentence) ii a nung ah zongh zat
ding hi.
Gtn. Amah tawh kong pai lai aa a mawtaw kisa hi.
11
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
I
ii
I mawtaw hoih hi.
I mawtaw ii a mei tanglua hi. i vengte ii mawtaw
mei tawh kibang.
I = “I” mal khat bek pen Noun ii mai ah kilim zat
diak hi.
ii = “ii” mal nih pen Noun ii nung ah kilim zat
diak hi.
Hihteng pen laimal gawmzia lakna hi aa, laimalte pen bang thute ah kimatsakding, bang
thute ah kihalsakding cih, a kimatna thu, a kihalna thu, a hang i telkhit ciangin hih sung ah a
kilaklo laimal khat peuhpeuh zongh dik takin kimalgawm thei ding hi.
(7) KHAT BEK LE A TAMZAW
Khat bek
Khat sang’ a tamzaw
-
Uh
A pai *hi.
A pai uhhi.
In
Un
Hong pai in.
Hong pai un.
(Mi dang khat tung genna.)
(Mi dangte tung genna.)
Ing
Ung
Ong pai ing.
Ong pai ung.
(Amah le amah a kigenna)
(Amau le amau a kigenna)
Ka
I
Ka pai hi.
I pai hi.
Note: “I” i zat naak leh khat sangin a tamzaw
cihna hi khin pah aa “uh” cih zatbeh kul nawnlo
hi.
12
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Leng/Le ing
Lehang/Le ung
Pai leng hoih ding hi.
Pai lehang hoih ding hi.
A pai hi le ing maw, hoih mah diven.
A pai hi le ung maw, hoih mah diven.
Ning
Ni
Pai ning.
Pai ni.
(Amah le amah a kigenna)
(Amau le amau a kigenna)
Oo/Ve
Vo/Vua
Pai oo. Pai ve.
Pai vo. Pai vua, pai un. Pai ve vua.
(8) GENNA LE DOTNA
Genna
Dotna?
Ding/Di
Dia?
Na sem ding hi.
Na sem dia?
Hi
Hiam?
Na sem hi.
Na sem hiam?
In
Na?
Na sem in.
Na sem na?
13
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(9) SAWLNA LE KAMKHUMNA
Sawlna
Kamkhum suahzawk diakna
In
Ve
Na gen in.
Na gen ve.
Oo
Sak Oo, Sak ve, Sak vevua
Na gen oo.
Na gensak oo. Na gensak ve. Na gensak vevua.
Vo
Vua
Na gen vo.
Na gen vevua.
(10) AHIPAK SUAKSAK KAMMALTE
Dih
Pak
Hong pai dih.
Hong paipak. Hong paipak oo. Hong paipak dih.
Sai/Saisai
Zal
Hong paisai dih. Hong pai saisai dih. Hong
paipaksai dih. Hong pai pak saisai dih.
Hong paizal dih. Hong paipakzal dih. Hong
paizalzal dih.
Zial
Zual
Na sep sakzial oo. Na sep sakzialpak oo.
Na sep sakzual oo. Na sep sakzualpak dih.
14
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(11) A KILANGHSAK KAMMALTE
Dangdang, Dengdang,
Dialdual, Dualdual
Genggang, Geigai, Geelgaal,
Gega
Heihai, Heihoi, Hemham, Heha
Kelkol, Kelkai, Kiahkuah,
Keikai, Keukau, Kilkel,
Kekkok, Kiakua, Kengkang,
Kekaa
Lemlam, Lemlum, Lela,
Liakluak, Lillel, Lellul,
Lenglong, Lenglangh,
Liangluang
Melmul, Melmal, Mema,
Memmam, Meumau, Milmel
Pheiphai, Pheiphoi, Phelphal
Veivai, Veivoi, Viavua,
Velval, Vievei
Zialzual, Zipzup, Zekzawk, Zekzak
Hih bang dan a dang a kilanghsakkammal tampi om lai hi.
(12) KAMMAL LOMTE
Zopau ah kammal pawlkhat pen a lomlomin kigenkhawm tangtang se hi. Tuate pen laimal mat gaih
ding mah hoih hi.
Gtn. Innlelo, Nulepa, Ulenau, khualetui, Kiimlepaam, Zileta, Itlengaih, zawdeuh (hoihzawdeuh), cbd…
(13) KAMMAL TOMLAAKNA
Gtn. (gtn.) = Gentehna
Adt. (adt.) = Adangte
Cbd. (cbd.) = Cihbangdan
Ahk. (ahk.) = Ahihkeh
Akl. (akl.) =Aihkei leh/ Ahihkei leh
Tg. = Taang (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang ding hi.)
Las. = Lasa, La siam, Lasak siam (Hih pen min mai aa kizangh ahih manin Laimal Gol zat hamtang
ding hi.)
Tom laakna ah “.” dot khat koih hamtang ding kilawm hi.
“Tg.” ah dot kikoih in “Lia” ciang tomlaakna hilo ahih manin koih kullo hi.
-
15
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(14) “A” LE “KI” II LAIMAL GAWM LE HAL
A
Hal/lo Ki
Hal/lo
A + verb = A pai laitak hi.
Hal
Ki + verb = Mawtaw kineisak aa kipai
hi.
Hallo
A + noun = A mawtaw hoih mahmah hi.
Hal
Ki + noun = Ki mawtaw neisak.
Hal
(Mawtaw kineisak)
A + to be noun = A ni, A hun, A mun, A
min
Hallo
Ki + to be noun = Kipawlna, Kinialna
Hallo
A + pronoun
Hallo
Ki + pronoun = kihici, kihuaci, kihiaci
Hallo
Hallo
Ki + /preposition/ = Kisang tungsak,
Kigamla, Kinai, Kihal, Kiniamkhiat
Hallo
= Amah le amau
A + preposition = Atung, Anuai, Amai,
Agei
(15) “G” LE “NG”
G
Ng
Gai
= Nupi khat gai hi.
Ngai
uhhi.
= Nungak khat ka ngai aa tun ka kingai
Gah
= Hanciamna thaman a gah kingah hi.
Singgah tampi ne den in.
Ngah = Kong laikhak na ngah ciang hong
zasakkik oo.
Gam
aw.
= Ka gam uh hong cidam sak in, Topa
Ngam
uhhi.
Gap
= A tha hoihin a tha gap hi.
Ngap
= Ngap pha melkei ing, nasep kuan
ngapkeng.
= A sem ngam peuhpeuh nasep kipan
Gak
= Inn sung ah mi tamluain kigak hi. Na
khau hoihtak gak in.
Ngak
Gawng = Na gawng semsem cin hoih semsem
cei.
Ngawng = Na ngawng aa khi hoihlua ei.
Gawm = Gawm/gawng lawh liangin lai kasin
leh laimal gawm le numbers gawm ka siamta hi.
Ngawm =
16
= Na ngak lai pak oo.
-
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Gel/ Geel = Ei gel bel i geelnate tangtung leh
nuamlua ding hi.
Ngeel
=
-
Gep
= Na ci geplua kisil zel oo.
Ngep
=
-
Giak
= Pute’n zan ka giak hi.
Ngiak
=
-
Gial
= Puan gial silh aa ka vak ni, gial kia hi.
Ngial
=
-
Gim
= Meh gimnam lakah gim takin na
kasem hi.
Ngim
= Thau kappa in hoih takin ngim tite aa a
khatna a ngah ding a ngim a tup ahi hi.
Gol
Ngol
=
Golh = Golhguk nek hoihlo hi. Ka ci ka sa a
golh hi.
Ngolh
= Thu manglote an kingolh hi.
Gu
= Gutate guza kipia hen. Khemna pen a
gu khauh mahmah hi.
Ngu
=
-
Guh
Nguh
=
-
Nguk
=
-
= Inn gol khat ka nei hi.
= Ka guh ka taangteng nalua hi.
Guk/Guuk
guk sat hi.
= Ka van hong kiguuksak laitak nai
-
Gum
= Eite hong gum pen Topa Zeisu hi.
Ngum
= Nungak ngumngekte ka ngai hi.
Gun
= Gun ah kimu ni ei.
Ngun
= Ngun le kham ka nei hi.
Gup
= Gup hauluate kimudah hi.
Ngup
=
-
Hihte pen Zopau Tedim awsuah siksanin lakna bek hi aa “Ng” aw a zangte aa zongh
Zopau/Zolai mah bel hiveve hi.
Pawlkhatte in Tedim awsuah ngah nuamlua liangin “Ng” awsuahna khempeuh ah “G” aw
vive suaksak uh ahih manin, a khiatna tuampi khat ahihlam i phawkkhak ding deihna ahi hi.
“G” aw a suak naak leh Tedim awsuah dikpen cihna hi pahlo aa, “Ng” aw a suak khempeuh
zongh Tedim awsuah diklo cih bang hituanlo hi. Tedim awsuah ah “G” awsuah, “Ng” awsuah
a nihin kihelh hi.
17
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(16) APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) ZATNA MUN
( ’ ) pen laimal tomlaakna ah kilim zat mahmah hi. Paulai tawh i gelh ciang, pau awsuah bangin i gelh
ciang kilim zat diak hi. Laigil, lai thupite ah ahih leh laimal tomlaakna-in zatloh mah hoihzaw hi.
Gtn.
-
Kote in Sangpi ii mawtaw ka laploh manun noteng in nong nusia uhhi.
Kote’n Sangpi’ mawtaw ka laploh manun note’n nong nusia uhhi.
Neihna lakna ah zongh “ii” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Sangpi ii mawtaw (Sangpi’ mawtaw)
Sepna lakna ah zongh “in” cih mun tangin ( ’ ) kizangh thei hi. Kote in (Kote’n), Noteng in (Note’n)
Phonetic tuamtuam zat ding pen hoih khinlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Zolai pen theih
baih, sin baih, ciapteh baih ahih ding kisam hi. Tualoin Zolai a lunglut le a sin nuam kitawm
semsem kha ding hi. Phonetic tuamtuam a zangh minamdang tampi a om sam hang’ zangh
hetlo aa a khangto veve, a lai uh a tangzai veve minam tampi mah na om kawikawi hi.
(17) AH, UHHI, AHI HI.
= “ah” cih laimal pen tang gelh ding mah hoihzaw hi. Inntung ah, Zogam ah, Nang kiang
ah
ah
Banghang hiam cih leh “a le h” kihel laimal kigawm tampitak Zolai ah om ahih manin “ah” tawh
laimal matna in laisimna haksasak tuam thei hi.
uhhi. = A pai uhhi. Ahi uhhi. (Hih pen “h” nih kizom ci-in matloh ding hoih asa kiom thei aa,
mat lehang sim dan nopzawin laisim hong manlangzawsak tuam hi.)
ahi hi. = Amah ahi hi.
“ahi hi” ah hal ding pen hoihzaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, hih pen format khat hong
suak hi.
18
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Khat
kia/tung
ah
Khat sang’
Laimal behlapzia
a tamzaw tung
ah genna
genna
ahi hi.
ahi uhhi.
ahi zongin
ahih manin,
ahikei zongin
ahihloh
manin
ahi mah zongin
ahi phial mah zongin
ahi tateu zongin
ahi hiam?
ahi uhhiam?
ahi zong
ahih ciangin,
ahikei zong
ahihloh
ciangin
ahi phial zong
ahi sawmvei zong
ahi sawmvei mah zong
ahi phial sawmvei mah zong
ahi diam?
ahi uhdiam?
ahi phial diam
ahih hangin,
ahi taktak diam
ahihloh
hangin
ahi taktak mah diam
ahi takpi diam
ahi takpi mah diam
ahi dia?
ahi uhdia?
ahikei uh dia
ahih hang,
ahihloh hang
ahi na?
ahi uhna?
ahi mah hi.
ahi mah uhhi.
ahih sam
hang,
ahihloh sam
hang
ahi tam?
ahi uhtam?
ahi mawk mah tam?
ahikei tam
ahikei mawk
tam
Na hi hi.
Na hi uhhi.
ahilo, ahilopi, ahilote,
ahiloteng
ahihloh aa
na hihloh aa
Na hilo mawk hi. Na hikei
hi.
19
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Ka hi hi.
Ka hi uhhi.
Ka hikei hi. Ka hikei uhhi.
ka hihloh aa
I hi hi.
“I hi uhhi” cih
kul nawnlo hi.
“i” in khat sang’
a tamzaw ahihna
lakkhin ahih
manin “uh”
kisamthuah
nawnlo hi.
I hikei hi. I hi peuhmahkei
hi. I hi vetkei hi.
I hihloh aa,
hi uhhen.
hita hen, hita uhhen.
hi henla,
Hi mah hen, himah uhhen.
hita henla,
Note:
Hi sam hen, hi sam uhhen.
hi sam henla
“hi” mun ah
Hi beek hen, hi beek uhhen.
hi beek henla
hi hen.
I hihlohpi aa,
hi sambeek
henla
verb (sepna)
khatpeuh
kizangh thei
hi.
hi in.
I hihloh
mawkin,
hi un.
hita in, hita un.
hi inla,
hi mah in, hi mah un.
hi unla
hi sam in. hi sam un.
hi mah inla,
hi mah unla
hi beek in. hi beek un.
hi sam inla,
hi sam unla
hi beek inla,
hi beek unla
Note: “i” zatna ah, “uh” cih tawh zatkhop kullo hi. “ihi hi”, “i kizasak hi” hileh
khat sangin a tamzaw ahih lam kilangkhin hi. “ihi uhhi”, “i kizasak uhhi” cih bang
kulthuah nawnlo hi.
Tua baan ah, “i” pen “noun” tawh matloh ding hi.
Gtn. I khua ah i mawtaw tawh a pai ihi hi.
(18) MINPI LE MINNEU
Minpi pen Lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi.
20
Gtn. Thang Suan Piang, Mang Za Cin Khai, Dim
Ngaih Huai
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Minneu pen minpi sung aa teng lian bek pan a
kilawh leh lawh khat ta ah hal ding hoih hi.
Gtn. Suan Piang, Cin Khai, Dim Ngaih
Minneu pen minpi sung bek pan thamlo a meizom Gtn. Piangpi, Khaitawng, Dimboih, Huaikhek
behlap a om leh a minpi sung aa tawh mat ding
hoih hi.
(19) LAIMALGAWM KHAT, KHIATNA TUAMTUAM A NEITE
Hai = Meihai, Tuihai, Haigah, Mihai
Mei = Meitang, Vaanmei, Uimei
Zang = Zahmawhvan, mazang, kizangh thei
Hih bang dan khiatna hau laimalgawm kibangte pen “double words” tawh khenluat ding
hoihlozaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh “double words” zatna ah zongh khiatna khat sangin a
tamzaw om veve theilai hi. Tua ahih manin hih bang dan laimalte pen a laigual/a thu zui-in
kikhen thei lai veve ahih manin khenloh mah hoihzaw hi. English lai leh namdang tampite ii
laite ah zongh hih bang dan mahin laimal kibang khiatna kibanglo, laimal kibanglo khiatna
kibang cih dan tampi mah na om kawikawi hi.
Gtn. Fly (Hih mun ah laimal lian /capital tawh a kigelh leh noun ci-in na khen uhhi.)
Zolai ah tua bang lianin khen theih hi khinlo hi.
(20) KHIATNA KIBANG/KINAI, KAMMAL KIBANGLO LE A KILEHBULHPIHTE
Ahih hang
Ala!
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial zong
Alai, Kala, Kalai, Aaa, Aaa Zen, Aaa guai
Antonyms
Antonyms
Tua ahih manin, Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih
ciangin, Tua ahih cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa
Immm, Hmmm, Innn, Hnnn
21
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Bang ae
Ciah
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ai ze, Aici ze, Bangci ae
Kal, Cia
Antonyms
Pai, Pei
Citak
Denciang
Synonyms
Synonyms
Kuhkal, Hanciam, Hahkat
Antonyms
Zoteh, Zociang, Danciang, Anciang, Denteh,
Dentakteh
Zulh, Zulhtat, Thadah
Antonyms
Tun, Tulaitak, Tumahmah
Dik
Gen
Synonyms
Synonyms
Thudik, Thunem, Thunuam, Thukhual, Lungduai,
Lungsau, Picing, Cingh, Gi (Migi)
Soi, Ngen, Son
Antonyms
Dai, Paulo, Hamlo, Genlo, Ngenlo, Sonlo, Soilo
Antonyms
Gilo (Diklo), Sintom, Lungtom, Ngongtat,
Lauhuai, Gamhtat
Hehpihna
Hivak
Synonyms
Synonyms
Hehsuahna, Hehsuakna
Hi-inteh, Hivaa, Hitaw, Himahvak, Himavaa,
Himataw, Himahinteh
Laigelh
Mahmah
Synonyms
Synonyms
Lai-at, laikui, laisuai, laikhen
Mamah, Cip, Lua, Lei, naak
(A hunzui-in kammal zat kikhel aa a mun leh a
thuzui-in kizangh kawikawi hi.)
Gtn. Computer khen, laigelh, lai-atpipa, cbd.
22
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Mangpha
Mate
Synonyms
Synonyms
Mangfa
Mataw, I zaw, Nacina, Nacihia
Antonyms
Mangsia
Mehthuk
Mengmeng
Synonyms
Synonyms
Methua, Fazan, Piadi, Bokboon
Memeng, Vaseuh, Kinawh, Manlang, Saisai, Kin
Antonyms
Antonyms
Mehkha
Ziakai, Damdam, Duakduak, Daldal
Hih bang dan a dang tampi om lai kha ding hi. Kammalte a kibatlohhang avekin Zopau/Zolai vive
mah ahi hi.
23
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
Ngai
Siang
Synonyms
Synonyms
It, Hoihsa, Deih, Paakta, Zahtak, Ngaihbangsa
Sieng, Thiang
Antonyms
Antonyms
Hua, Siasa (Hoihsalo), Mudah, Deihlo, Paaktaklo,
Zahtaklo, Ngailo, Ngaihbangsalo, Ensan
Nin
Tu
Tua
Synonyms
Synonyms
Khung, To
Tu, Zia
Antonym
Antonyms
Ding
Hih
Tua bek thamlo
Tua ahih manin
Synonyms
Synonyms
Tua baanah, Tua zomah
Tua ahih man aa, Tua ahih ciangin, Tua ahih
cianga, Tua hangin, Tua hang aa
Antonyms
Ahih hang, Ahi zongin, Ahih sam hang, Ahi phial
zong
Uiphuk
Vau
Synonyms
Synonyms
Ukeng (Kivalaak), Ulol
Taw'ng, Phin, Do, Hehssak, Galbawl, Dembawl,
Sinso sak, Langpan, El, Elbawl
Antonyms
Pawlbawl, Kilem, Kipawl, Zawn, Kithutuak,
Kithukim
Zasan
Zopau
Synonyms
Synonyms
Kawlsing, Maza, Malta
Zoham, Zokam
Antonyms
(Ham suo, Kamtam kei oo, Pau kei oo)
Cikhum
24
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(21) DEIHNA A GEN KAMMALTE
ading
Pasian ading nong kihel nading kong zawn uhhi.
Pasian ading nong kikel nadingin kong zawn uhhi. (Mi khat tung ah
zotna)
Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in”
2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw
pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.)
adingin
Pasian adingin nong kihel nadingun kong zawh uhhi. (Mi tam tung ah
zotna)
Pasian adingin nong kikel nading kong zawn uhhi. (Hih mun ah “in”
2 a kizop dandan sangin “adingin” le “nadingin” pan khat zawzaw
pan “in” laakkhiat ding hoih hi.)
tading, tadingin
Khuapihte ading kong gensak hi.
Khuapih tading kong gensak hi.
Khuapihte adingin kong gensak hi.
Khuapih tadingin kong gensak hi.
“tading” cih kammal pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi.
“ading” cih kammal pen khat bekah kizangh hi. Ahi zongin amai ah
“te” “amau” cih bang dan khat sang’ a tamzaw kammal tawh kizom
thei hi.
Amau ading kong gensak hi.
nading
Kipawl nading kipawlna phuan zel ding maw?
nadingin
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi.
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingin kong zawn phapha hi. (Hih mun
ah “in” 2 a kizop dandan sangin “cianga” zat ding kilawmzaw hi.)
25
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
nadingun
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi.
(khat sang’ a tamzaw genna)
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nadingun kong zawn phapha hi.
cianga
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi.
ciangin
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai nading kong zawn phapha hi.
ciangun
Tua ahih cianga, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in.
(khat sang’ a tamzaw genna)
Tua ahih ciangin, nong pai ciangun hong zasak in.
inla
Pai inla va gen in.
“inla” pen khat ii tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat ding hi.
Thu ngai khat ii tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi.
unla
Pai unla va gen un.
“unla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte tung ah genna hi. Laimal mat
ding hi.
Thu ngaite tung ah direct in genna ah kizangh hi.
Henla, uhhenla
Pai henla va gen hen.
Pa uhhenla va gen uhhen.
“henla” pen mi khat tung ah mi dang khat ii hih ding, mi dang
khat ii thu genna ah kizangh hi. Laimal mat ding hi.
“uhhenla” pen khat sang’ a tamzawte ah kizangh hi.
26
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(22) LAIMAL ZATZIA (GRAMMAR)
Kammal khenna
Gentehna
Kammal pawlkhat
(Verb) Sepna lak
Tuang in an ne hi.
Pai, Sem, Gen, Kap, cbd.
(Adverb) Sepna tellak
Tuang in an ne saisai hi.
Lua, duakduak, zialzial, cbd.
(Helping Verb) Hihna lak
Tuang pen pasal hi.
Hi, hita, ahi hi, cbd.
(Adjective) Hihna tellak
Tuang pen pasal hoih hi.
Gina, hangsan, thau, tom, cbd.
(Noun) Minna
Tuang in laibu sim hi.
Thawnpi, Mawtaw, Singkung,
cbd.
(Pronoun) Minna tang
Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua
ama sim pen hoih mahmah
hi.
Amah, amau, ei, kei, ko, nang,
cbd.
(Plural Noun) Minnate
Laibuteng le a simte koi lam
tung uh ahia?
te, teng
( - ) Tamna lak
Laibuteng le a simte koi lam
tung uh ahia?
Ei, en, un, uh, i, ung, cbd.
Minna cih ciangin min
khatpeuh zongh hi thei, na
khatpeuh zongh hi thei cihna
hi.
I mawtaw tawh na pai un.
Eiteng in bang i hih tam?
(Conjunction) Kammal zom
Tuang in laibu sim hi. Tua
aa leh, cianga, aa, in, la, ahih
ahih manin lai thei hi. Tuang hang, ahi zong, cbd.
in laibu sim ahih manin lai
thei hi.
(Preposition) Mun lak
Mualdawn aa biakinn ah pai
ni.
tung, nuai, paam, gei, cbd.
(Time) Hun lak
Tua kipan ut nawn khang.
Tua kipan, aa kipan, nawn, ciang,
laitak, lai, lai-in, cbd.
27
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
28
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(Negative) Alehlam
Umlopi genkenla, paikei ni.
lo, loh, kei, ken, keng, cbd.
(Interjection) Phawnna lak
Haa! thadah ta ei.
Oh!, Aaa!, Kalai!, Alai!,
Kamawk!, Amawk!, Azen!, Azen
aw!, Aguai!
Aguai, Tuang in sang ah lai a hanciam mahmah aa leh tua laitak amah a mute in hih pa pen
sangnaupang kician khatin ngaihsun uhhi. Ahih hang’ ken ka umkei hi.
Aguai = Phawnna lak
Tuang = Minna
sang = Minna
ah = Mun lak
lai = Minna
hanciam = Sepna lak
mahmah = Sepna tellak
aa leh = Kammal
zom
laitak = A hun lak
amah = Minna tang
mu = Sepna lak
te = Minnate
hih = Minna tang
pen = Hihna lak
sangnaupang = Minna
kician = Hihna tellak
ngaihsun = Sepna lak
uh = Tamna lak
Ahih hang = Kammal
zom
ken = Minna tang
um = Sepna lak
kei = Alehlam
(23) SEPNA LAK LE MINNA SUAHNA
Sepna lakna (v)
Sepna lakna (v) pan Minna (n) suahna
Gen
Genna
Tai
Taina
29
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(24) HIHNA TELLAK LE MINNA SUAHNA
Hihna tellak (adj)
Sang
Sangzaw
Sangzawlai
Sangpen
Sang penpen
Siam
Siamzaw
Siamzawlai
Siampen
Siam penpen
Hihna tellak (adj) pan Minna (n) suahna
Sangna
Sangzawkna
Sangzawklaina
Sangpenna
Sang penpenna
Siamna
Siamzawkna
Siamzawklaina
Siampenna
Siam penpenna
(25) A HUN LAKNA
A hunma
Samlo.
Sam nailo.
Pailo.
Pai nailo.
Sam ding. Sam mah
ding.
Pai ding. Pai mah ding.
A hun
sung
Samta.
Samsamta.
Sam laitak.
Paita. Paipaita.
Pai laitak. Paipai
laitak.
A hunkhit Samkhin lian.
Paikhin lian.
Samsam laitak.
Samkhin.
Samkhin tham.
Paikhin.
Samkhin pek.
Samkhin
thamtham.
Paikhin tham.
Samkhin pekpek.
Paikhin pek.
Paikhin thamtham.
Paikhin pekpek.
30
(LTTUANG)
Zolai STANDARD Format
(26) HI LEH HOIHZAW DING HI
1. Hi thei leh van/na (noun) khat peuhpeuh pen mal khat (malgawm khat) ta in mat gai aa gelh huai
hi. Tua hi leh laimal gawm ding le hal ding cihte ngaihsutna ciaptehna nuamtuam mahmah ding
hi.
2. Lai pen standard a om nading, a luanzia, a kigelhziate format kician takin a om ding kisam hi.
3. Lai pen theih baih ding, tel baih ding, ciapteh baih ding hi leh tangzai baihzaw ding hi.
4. Lai pen minambup in a malgawm kibangkim takin zatkhop ding thupi hi.
5. Pau/kammal om khempeuh kibaan sin gaih zolo ding ahih manin, laimal gawmzia khat theih
naak aa leh pau/kammal khat peuhpeuh dik takin malgawm pah theih nading Standard Format
khat kisam ahi hi.
(27) MAILAM AH
1. Grades/Levels zui-in Zolai sinna kician takin neih zawh huai hi.
2. Zolai tawh grammar bu, poem bu, history bu, geography bu, biography bu, articles bu cih bang
dan a tuamtuam grades/levels zui in bawl zawh huai hi.
3. Thupatna ah a kigensa om mah bangin Zolai Standard Format kician takin a omkei leh
minambup ii supna lianpi khat suak kha thei hi. Minambup in a zatkhop theih nadingin zumvai
(kumpi, biakna, private) nasemte aa kipan Media te le laibu bawlte in zatkhop masak huai
mahmah hi. Laimal gawmzia hong kibat nading hih panmunteng mah a thupipen ahi hi.
Zolai in minam picing khat i hihna hong kipsak aa
namdangte in hong deep nading uh pan hong hu hi.
LUNGDAM MAHMAH HI
Pa Lian Than Tuang (LT Tuang)
31
(LTTUANG)