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Kizomba Music and Dance

2019, The Sage International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture (edited by Janet Sturman)

https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483317731.n407

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Kizomba is a significant genre of music and dance that originated in Luanda, Angola during the civil war in the 1980s. It blends traditional Semba and Massemba rhythms with Zouk influences, serving as a crucial form of cultural and social identification. The contemporary Kizomba scene in Angola reflects a resurgent interest supported by dedicated producers and artists, leading to its popularity in Diaspora communities across the world.

Kizomba Music and Dance Petchu and Vanessa teachers and dancers, kizomba weekend, Seattle, USA, 2014. Historical Origin of Kizomba For the purpose of this encyclopedia this paper on Kizomba serves the object of introducing this popular music and dance rooted in the Angolan traditions, habits and customs. However, this paper will be extremely valuable in facilitating the advancement of scholarship in the field of Angolan music, cultural expression of Kizomba. Kizomba dancers in the streets of Luanda, Angola, 2018. Kizomba is one of the most popular styles of music and dance in the Lusophone African countries. However, Kizomba was born in Luanda, Angola in the 1980s during the country’s period of civil war. Kizomba is normally sung in Portuguese, Portuguese Creole and Angolan traditional languages (Kimbundu, Bakongo and Ovimbundu). In the context of Angola, Kizomba is very important as a means of cultural and social identification. Kizomba is a way of individual and collective expressions in the modern era. Kizomba is part of the social fabric of the culture and is incorporated in most gatherings as entertainment: weddings, funerals, ceremonies, parties, individual and group celebrations. Adebayo Oyebade in his seminal work Culture and Customs of Angola (2007) elaborates closely the importance of Kizomba dance and cultural narrative and interpreter of history. Kizomba music and dance in the streets of Luanda, Angola, 2006. Conversely, it is the young generation that during this period saw Kizomba style of music and dance as a primary choice of entertainment and engagement. Although, some critics argue about the origin of Kizomba, but it is mainly practiced and developed in Angola following the influence of traditional Semba and Massemba music and dance and Zouk music from the group Kassav from the French Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe, mixed with African rhythms. In the 1980s as a result of the closure of recording studios by the Portuguese authority, it was Zouk that began to take over at parties (Kizomba), and the majority of Luanda’s radio stations played this type of music. As the result of the young generation mixture and listening of semba and Zouk; Kizomba was developed as the favorite music and eponymous style of dance. But, study shows that one cannot deny also the influences from other Lusophone African countries (Cape Verde, São Tome and Principe and Mozambique) and Portugal. Bonga Kwenda, live performance of kizomba music and dance, Holland, 2016. Kizomba Dance Kizomba is relatively a modern style of music and is normally danced with a partner in a light embrace. It consist of couple embrace each other to accompany the beat of slower and rhythmic songs and sounds, it is an intimate and sensuous expression of dance. The dance style varies depending on the male movement of the body because the male takes the lead. The male style and knowledge will determinate the female characteristic and expression while dancing. Kizomba is articulated very smoothly and slowly, but not too tight to the point of suffocate the female. Both dancers male and female are required to have a large degree of flexibility in the knees, because of the constant movement of bob up and down in a manner reminiscent. Ney Corte Real, artist, teacher and kizomba dancer, Nottingham city, UK, 2010. By the same token, Tarraxinha is a style of dance that derived from Kizomba; which it is an even more seductive dance than Kizomba. In this case, in Tarraxinha dance partners are locked in a rather tight, sensual participation of dance in an extremely slow manner, where at points almost with not movement of the bodies in the encounter. Further, it is important to understand that, Tarraxinha is a dance to do with someone you want to get very intimate and close to, because of the isolation of the two bodies moving as one, each at times it can create a sexual connotation. Tarraxinha movement can also be considered a fantastic asset for girls who want to impress in the dance floor at the club or party, in terms of show off for their significant other. Marissa Moorman, in Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation of Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times (2008) on this ethnographic study gives a description of this modern dance in the context of male and female interacting on the dance floor. Eduardo Paim Ferreira da Silva, Luanda, Angola, 2014. Kizomba Music Kizomba in the modern contemporary Angola is one of the dominate music genre, which is generating the best sound and rhythms of parties and clubs. This music in the recent years has received supports from producers and entrepreneurs that have invested in creating a network of recording studios and the productions of CDs, albums, live shows and videos. As a result, this is reflecting positively on the outcome and quality of the new music. Historically, Kizomba music made its first impact through a group of Angolan musicians: Eduardo Paim, Ruca Van-Dunem, Ricardo Abreu, Luandino Vieira, Fernando Kental and Paulo Flores. In the contemporary domain of Kizomba in Angola there is a fairly large consistent number of artists creating hit songs and making themselves known through singing in Portuguese and English. The biggest know producer is Nelo Paim, which an instrumental person working in the aesthetic creativity with new generation of artists; which includes: Caló Pascoal, Yuri da Cunha, Dog Murras, Don Kikas, Puto Português, Matias Damasio, C4 Pedro, Big Nelo, Maya Cool, Rei Helder, Beto and Moises de Almeida, Anselmo Ralph, and female voice, Ary, Perola, Neide Van-Dunem, Titica, Yola Semedo, Yola Araújo and Bruna. Ney Corte Real, an artist performing live in Nottingham city, UK, 2010. Kizomba in the Diaspora Since the war ended in Angola (2002) Kizomba increased its popularity and it’s also performed in the Lusophone African countries, Europe, particularly in Portugal and the USA. In the context of the diaspora, Kizomba is occupying new territories and contributing to the global music scene because of the current number of Angolans living abroad and absorbing the culture in the new environments as a form of connecting remembering and keep the culture alive. In World Music: A Very Short Introduction (2002) Philip Bohlman disseminates the impact of music in the diaspora context linked with the experiences of migration and colonialism as a religion practice. In the diaspora, there is an enormous change in terms of the circulation and distribution of the music, even though the reception seems to be positive. Hence, Kizomba musicians are performing in prestigious stages in: Brazil, England, Spain, Canada, Portugal, Netherland, Belgium, Italy and the USA. Further Readings Birmingham, David (2015) A Short History of Modern Angola, London: Hurst & Company Publisher Bohlman, Philip (2002) World Music: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University press Moorman, Marissa (2008) Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation of Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times, Ohio: Ohio University press Oyebade, Adebayo (2007) Culture and Customs of Angola, London: Greenwood press Chikukwango Cuxima-Zwa 4