Joyce at Work on Ulysses: 1917–22

Joyce at Work on Ulysses: 1917–22 Luca Crispi UCD James Joyce Research Centre A Census of the Extant Ulysses Manuscript by Episode A Chronological List of Extant Ulysses Manuscripts and Typescripts A Chronology of Ulysses in Proofs: June 1921 to February 1922 To better understand how Joyce wrote Ulysses, it is essential to set out a full account of the book’s surviving manuscripts and thereby more accurately establish when he worked on each one. By arranging this related information along different material and chronological axes as I have done in the three sections of this study, it is possible to narrow the dates of Joyce’s active work on particular documents. It is also possible to uncover patterns that enable a more precise understanding of the creative processes that produced Ulysses. This journal is a testament to the fact that — more often than not — Joyce manuscript studies are congenial and collaborative endeavours, so I hope that the facts and analysis provided here will prompt further work to elaborate and refine the history of the book’s production. Below are the abbreviations and conventions I have formulated to organise an over-arching picture of Joyce’s work on Ulysses. Although each holding library has established its own relatively clear system of cataloguing its Joyce manuscripts, the often long strings of different numbers may be off-putting and at times confusing to scholars just starting their archival research or those who are exploring different aspects of the textual genesis of the book. Rather than adding yet another layer of complexity to the conventional citational numberings, I have devised a bibliographically accurate and consistent system of identifying the Ulysses manuscripts in all holding libraries that should prove useful for future critical work on these documents. Note that the three other sections of this study all open in new tabs and are organised in the following ways: The first section, A Census of the Extant Ulysses Manuscript by Episode, is a comprehensive list of all the surviving manuscripts and documents of Ulysses that are also organised by the book’s three parts as well as by its eighteen individual episodes. This arrangement of the information will be particularly useful to scholars whose primary interest is an in-depth study of the textual evolution of a particular episode. Navigating through the information is simple: just select Ulysses at the top of the page to see all the manuscripts for all the episodes, or select a part of the book or an individual episode title to just view the full index of its textual material. Then click ‘back to top’ to select another part or episode, or just scroll up and down to move to another episode and click on its header for more information. Each header sets out the full range of the active dates of Joyce’s work on a particular episode as well as the city or cities where he worked on it. Each episode’s index lists all of its extant manuscripts and documents. The various kinds of Drafts are all in a green font, the three kinds of Faircopies (faircopies for typescripts, mixed faircopies and collateral faircopies) are in red, the Typescripts are in blue, the Serial Publications are in orange, and the two kinds of Proofs (Placards and Page Proofs) are arranged by levels as set out in Hans Walter Gabler’s (with Wolfhard Steppe and Claus Melchior) Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition (New York: Garland, 1986) and are represented in a black font. Below I have also compiled a full listing of the Serial Publications of Ulysses in the Little Review as well as an Overview of Ulysses in Proofs. Besides specifying the kind of manuscript, the listing also provides the individual manuscript’s abbreviated identifying catalogue designation, the holding library or libraries for the particular manuscript, as well as the range of Joyce’s active work on it, and, when relevant, its James Joyce Archive citation, by volume and page number(s). As the title indicates, the next section, A Chronological List of Extant Ulysses Manuscripts and Typescripts, arranges Joyce’s work on these manuscripts by the date of composition and/or revision. If you select Ulysses all the manuscripts and typescripts will be displayed, but there are four other, distinct modes of viewing this information: either by Time Frames, Cities, Kinds of Manuscripts, or Holding Libraries. I have provisionally set out the information here in ten (not always discrete) chronological phases, which I refer to as Time Frames. If you select Time Frames, the phases are displayed, and, when you select one, a list of the extant manuscripts for that period opens up. Then click ‘back to top’ to select another Time Frame, or just scroll up and down and click on another Time Frame header for more information about it. The phases of Joyce’s work on the manuscripts are also determined by the place where Joyce worked on them. If you select Cities, you can see what Joyce was working on while in Locarno, Zurich, Trieste, or Paris. The arrangement of the information in this way should also facilitate more focused critical work on the specific evolution of Ulysses as Joyce moved from one city to another. Another way of sorting the information in this section is by Kinds of Manuscripts. As in the Census, the manuscripts in this section are also listed as Drafts, Faircopy Manuscripts and Typescripts, each of which is signalled in its corresponding font colour. If you select Ulysses, all of the manuscripts and typescripts in all of the time frames will appear; if you select a particular Kind of Manuscript, then only those manuscripts become visible within the relevant time frames. You can also sort the information here by Holding Library: Buffalo, National Library of Ireland, Rosenbach and Others. Given the historical facts related to the dispersal of the individual collections, there is an overall consistency to the Kinds of Manuscripts in each collection: Buffalo, the largest Joyce collection in the world, has about half of the extant Drafts and all but one of the Typescripts (as well as a significant portion of the Proofs, which are detailed in the next section); the relatively recent acquisitions of Ulysses manuscripts by the NLI are all Drafts; the Rosenbach Museum and Library has all but two small parts of the various Faircopy manuscripts; and finally, there are three further Drafts and a copy of a Typescript in Other collections. The arrangement of the information in this way will facilitate research at the individual Holding Libraries. The third section, A Chronology of Ulysses in Proofs, chronicles the final phase of Joyce’s work on Ulysses. Here there are three distinct modes of navigation: by Time Frames, Kind of Manuscripts and Holding Libraries as well as an option to see the Overview of Ulysses in Proofs. The Time Frames here are arranged by months, but they also indicate Joyce’s sectional revision and amplification of Ulysses in this crucial period in the book’s genesis. Select one Time Frame and the information for that month is displayed. Then either select ‘back to top’ to view another month, or scroll up or down and select its Time Frame header for more information. Another way of navigating is by the Kinds of Manuscripts: All, just Placards or Page Proofs or Mixed Level of proofs. Together with the more comprehensive guide to Ulysses in proofs that Ronan Crowley and I compiled for Genetic Joyce Studies, Issue 8 (2008), ‘The Ulysses Proof^finder’, this listing serves as a full guide to the proof levels established in Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition. Here too one can sort the information separately by Holding Library and see how the proofs became dispersed in the various collections. As well as Joyce’s (only sometimes reliable) statements to friends, collaborators, and patrons, I have used both internal and contextual evidence to date Joyce’s work on individual manuscripts. Joyce was a methodical writer and almost always only worked on one manuscript at a time, which has helped to further refine the dating of the manuscripts even when other material information was lacking. I am working on a full narrative account of the evidence of Joyce’s work on Ulysses with all of the necessary citations, but want to make available this preliminary account of the results of my research to prompt more study and discussion about the chronology of Joyce’s work on Ulysses. Abbreviations: In general, the manuscript abbreviations have been rendered as simply as possible: by holding library, kind of manuscript (manuscript, typescript and kind of proof and setting) and the final element in the conventional catalogue citations of the individual manuscripts. For example, the National Library of Ireland’s earlier ‘Sirens’ manuscript MS 36,639/07A = NLI MS 7A and the Buffalo ‘Sirens’ typescript MS V.B.9 = Buffalo TS 9 and the Second Proof Level of ‘Telemachus’ = PP 1.1, 2.1. Manuscript Collections: Abbreviation: Full Citation: Buffalo The James Joyce Collection, Poetry Collection, University at Buffalo Libraries, Special Collections, Buffalo, New York. Cornell The Cornell Joyce Collection, Cornell University Library’s Rare Books, Manuscripts and Archives, Ithaca, New York. Harvard Modern Books & Manuscripts Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Boston, Massachusetts. Huntington The Huntington Library, San Marino, California. NLI National Library of Ireland, Dublin. Princeton Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey. Rosenbach The Rosenbach Museum & Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Texas Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. Kinds of Manuscripts: Abbreviations: MS Pl PP Rosenbach MS TS Full Citations: Manuscript Placard Proof (aka ‘galley proofs’) Page Proof Mixed Faircopy of Ulysses by Episode Typescript Individual Ulysses Manuscripts: Buffalo Manuscripts:1 Holograph Manuscripts: Abbreviation: Buffalo MS 3 Buffalo MS 5 Buffalo MS 6 Buffalo MS 8 Buffalo MS 9 Buffalo MS 10 Buffalo MS 11 Buffalo MS 12 Buffalo MS 13 Buffalo MS 14 Buffalo MS 15 Buffalo MS 16 Buffalo MS 17 Buffalo MS 18 Buffalo MS 19 Full Citation: MS V.A.3: Complete Later Draft of the ‘Proteus’ (3) Episode (1917) MS V.A.5: Partial Later Draft of the ‘Sirens’ (11) Episode (1919) MS V.A.6: Partial Later Version of Scenes and Texts for the ‘Cyclops’ (12) Episode (1919) MS V.A.8: Earlier Version of the Scenes and Fragmentary Texts for the ‘Cyclops’ (12) Episode (1919) MS V.A.9: Holograph Draft of an Addition to the First Placards for the ‘Cyclops’ (12) Episode (1921) MS V.A.10: Partial Draft of the ‘Nausicaa’ (13) Episode (1920) MS V.A.11: First Copy Book of the Earlier Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode (1920) MS V.A.12: Second Copy Book of the Earlier Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode (1920) MS V.A.13: First Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘I’ (1920) MS V.A.14: Second Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘II’ (1920) MS V.A.15: Fourth Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘IV’ (1920) MS V.A.16: Sixth Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘VI’ (1920) MS V.A.17: Seventh Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘VII’ (1920) MS V.A.18: Eighth Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘VIII’ (1920) MS V.A.19: Partial Early Draft and Notes for the ‘Circe’ (15) Buffalo MS 20 Buffalo MS 21 Buffalo MS 22 Episode (1920) MS V.A.20: Faircopy Manuscript of the ‘Messianic Scene’ for the ‘Circe’ (15) Episode (1921) MS V.A.21: Partial Later Draft of the ‘Eumaeus’ (16) Episode (1921) MS V.A.22: Later Faircopy Manuscript of the Final ‘Sentence’ of the ‘Penelope’ (18) Episode (1921) Typescripts: Buffalo TS 1 Buffalo TS 2 Buffalo TS 3a Buffalo TS 3b Buffalo TS 4 Buffalo TS 5 Buffalo TS 6 Buffalo TS 7 Buffalo TS 8 Buffalo TS 9 Buffalo TS 10 Buffalo TS 11 Buffalo TS 12 Buffalo TS 13 Buffalo TS 14 Buffalo TS 15 Buffalo TS 16 MS V.B.1: Partial Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Nestor’ (2) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1917) MS V.B.2: Partial Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Proteus’ (3) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1918) MS V.B.3.a.i [V.B.3.b.]: Partial Earlier Typescript of the ‘Calypso’ (4) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1918) V.B.3.b. [V.B.3.a.]: Partial Later Typescript of the ‘Calypso’ (4) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1918) V.B.4: Partial Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Hades’ (6) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1917) V.B.5: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Aeolus’ (7) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1917) V.B.6: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Lestrygonians (8) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1917) V.B.7: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Scylla And Charybdis’ (9) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1918) V.B.8.a.i [V.B.8.a.]: Partial Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Wandering Rocks’ (10) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1919) V.B.9: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Sirens’ (11) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1919) V.B.10.a.i [V.B.10.a.]: Partial Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Cyclops’ (12) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1919) V.B.11.a.i [V.B.11.a.]: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Nausicaa’ (13) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1920) V.B.12.a.i [V.B.12.a.]: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the ‘Oxen Of The Sun’ (14) Episode for the Little Review and Ulysses (1920) V.B.13.e–i: Several Partial Printers’ Copies of the Typescript (with First and Second Overlay) of the ‘Circe Episode for Ulysses (1921) V.B.14.a.i [V.B.14.a.]: Complete Typescript of the ‘Eumaeus’ (16) Episode for Ulysses (1921) V.B.15.c–h: Several Composite First, Second and Third Typescripts of the ‘Ithaca’ (17) Episode (1921) V.B.16.b.i [V.B.16.c.]: Complete Printers’ Typescript of the Second Part of the ‘Penelope (18) Episode for Ulysses (1921). National Library of Ireland Manuscripts:2 Holograph Manuscripts: Abbreviation: NLI MS 7A NLI MS 7B NLI MS 8A–C NLI MS 9 NLI MS 10 NLI MS 11A NLI MS 11B NLI MS 11C NLI MS 11D NLI MS 11E NLI MS 11F NLI MS 12 NLI Quinn MS NLI MS 13 NLI MS 14 Full Citation: MS 36,639/07/A: Earlier Proto-draft of the ‘Proteus’ (3) Episode (1917) MS 36,639/07/B: Earlier Manuscript, Fragmentary Texts and Notes of the ‘Sirens’ (11) Episode (1917) MSS 36,639/08/A–C: Complete Earlier Draft of the ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ (9) Episode (1918) MS 36,639/09: Partial Later Draft of the ‘Sirens’ (11) Episode (1919) MS 36,639/10: Scenes and Fragmentary Texts for the ‘Cyclops’ (12) Episode (1919) MS 36,639/11/A: Third Copy Book of the Earlier Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode MS 36,639/11/B: Fourth Copy Book of the Earlier Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode MS 36,639/11/C: Third Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘III’ (1920) MS 36,639/11/D: Fifth Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘V’ (1920) MS 36,639/11/E: Ninth Copy Book of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: ‘IX’ (1920) MS 36,639/11/E: Final Loose Sheets of the Later Draft of the ‘Oxen of the Sun’ (14) Episode: (1920) MS 36,639/12: Intermediary Draft of the ‘Circe’ (15) Episode (1920) NLI MS 36,958: Later Draft of the ‘Circe’ (15) Episode (1920) MS 36,639/13: Earlier Proto-draft Manuscript of the ‘Ithaca’ (17) Episode (1921) MS 36,639/14: Earlier Proto-draft Manuscript of the ‘Penelope’ (18) Episode (1921) Other Manuscript Collections: Abbreviation: Cornell 56A & B Harvard Huntington TS Princeton Full Citation: Cornell Joyce MSS 56A–B: Earlier Draft of the ‘Nausicaa’ (13) Episode (1919–20). Placards of Ulysses Huntington HM MS 4112: Printer’s Copy of the Typescript of the ‘Penelope’ (18) Episode (1921). Placards and Page Proofs of Ulysses Rosenbach MS Published in print as Ulysses: A Facsimile of the Manuscript. Intro. Harry Levin. Pref. Clive Driver. Colour Facsimile, with editorial apparatus in volume III. New York: Faber and Faber Ltd., with the Philip H. & A.S.W. Rosenbach Foundation, 1974. Final Page Proofs of Ulysses Texas Ulysses in the Little Review: Episode: 1. ‘Telemachus Volume: IV.11: March 1918 Page Numbers: pp. 3–22 2. ‘Nestor’ IV.12: April 1918 pp. 32–45 3. ‘Proteus’ V.1: May 1918 pp. 31–45 4. ‘Calypso’ V.2: June 1918 pp. 39–52 5. ‘Lotus Eaters’ V.3: July 1918 pp. 37–49 6. ‘Hades’ V.5: September 1918 pp. 15–37 7. ‘Aeolus’ V.6: October 1918 pp. 26–51 8. ‘Lestrygonians’ 8. ‘Lestrygonians’ V.9: January 1919 V.10–11: February–March 1919 pp. 27–50 pp. 58–62 9. ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ 9. ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ V.12: April 1919 VI.1: May 1919 pp. 30–43 pp. 17–35 10. ‘Wandering Rocks’ 10. ‘Wandering Rocks’ VI.2: June 1919 VI.3: July 1919 pp. 34–45 pp. 28–47 11. ‘Sirens’ 11. ‘Sirens’ VI.4: August 1919 VI.5: September 1919 pp. 41–64 pp. 46–55 12. ‘Cyclops’ 12. ‘Cyclops’ 12. ‘Cyclops’ 12. ‘Cyclops’ VI.7: November 1919 VI.8: December 1919 VI.9: January 1920 VI.10: March 1920 pp. 38–54 pp. 50–60 pp. 53–61 pp. 54–60 13. ‘Nausicaa’ 13. ‘Nausicaa’ 13. ‘Nausicaa’ VI.11: April 1920 VII.1: May–June 1920 VII.2: July–August 1920 pp. 43–50 pp. 61–72 pp. 42–58 14. Oxen of the Sun’ VII.3: September–December 1920 pp. 81–92 The Ulysses Proofs: I have followed the convention in Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition of referring to the various placard and/or page proof manuscripts by levels because it is a relatively clear way of representing the production of the book in its final phase. An Overview of Ulysses in Proofs: Episode: 1. ‘Telemachus’ Proof Levels: Five Levels Active Dates: 11 June–20 September 1921 2. ‘Nestor’ Five Levels Mid June–21 September 1921 3. ‘Proteus’ Five Levels Mid June–21 September 1921 4. ‘Calypso’ Six Levels Mid June–21 September 1921 5. ‘Lotus Eaters’ Eight Levels Mid June–6 October 1921 6. ‘Hades’ Six Levels Late August–6 October 1921 7. ‘Aeolus’ Six Levels August–11 October 1921 8. ‘Lestrygonians’ Seven Levels August–Mid October 1921 9. ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ Seven Levels 17 August–14 October 1921 10. Wandering Rocks’ Seven Levels 25 August–24 October 1921 11. ‘Sirens’ Five Levels 5 September–27 October 1921 13. ‘Nausicaa’ Five Levels 21 October–25 November 1921 14. ‘Oxen of the Sun’ Five Levels Late October–7 December 1921 15. ‘Circe’ Eleven Levels 20 October 1921–Mid January 1922 16. ‘Eumaeus’ Five Levels 8 December 1921–Late January 1922 17. ‘Ithaca’ Three Levels Mid December 1921–30 January 1922 18. ‘Penelope’ Five Levels 17 October 1921–31 January 1922 1 For Further information on the Buffalo manuscripts, see my online catalogue description: http://library.buffalo.edu/pl/collections/jamesjoyce/catalog/ 2 Digital scans of all of the National Library of Ireland’s Joyce manuscript are available via its online catalogue. For further information about some of these manuscripts, see Peter Kenny’s catalogue of the ‘Joyce 2002 Papers’, which is available online on the NLI‘s website, as well as my ‘A First Foray into the National Library of Ireland’s Joyce Manuscripts: Bloomsday 2011’, Genetic Joyce Studies, Issue 11 (Spring 2011).