La Comunicación

Libro sobre los principales enfoques y acercamiento a las bases de la comunicación.

Así era la vida en una ciudad romana: Calagurris Iulia, 2002

A comienzos del s. II a. C., la comarca de Calagurris se encontraba densamente poblada. En la región de Calagurris los caminos primitivos más importantes se trazaron a lo largo de los ríos de mayor caudal. Esta red de caminos comunicaba Calagurris con otras importantes ciudades integradas en la celtiberia, varias de ellas citadas por las fuentes escritas (TIR, 1993): Numantia, Cascantum, Ilurcis, Tritium Magallum, Vareia y Libia. Es de suponer que las comunicaciones con la meseta fuesen acondicionadas temprano debido a la importanciamilitar de Numantia. Las guerras sertorianas y los continuos movimientos de Pompeyo por el Norte obligaron a la construcción de las primeras calzadas romanas en este territorio, en ocasiones aprovechando los trazados viarios indígenas. El río Ebro también tuvo un papel importante durante la romanización al ser el pasillo transversal de los siete valles de La Rioja

Un modelo simple de comunicación con un emisor que transmite un mensaje a un receptor. Para otros usos de este término, véase Comunicación (desambiguación).

Journal of Asia TEFL, 2012

This study examines the approaches considered effective by EFL teachers in solving their learners' major listening difficulties. In-depth semi-structured interviews were adopted to probe into 10 Chinese EFL teachers' beliefs about what they perceived to be effective methods that would assist their students in dealing with their listening difficulties. In the interview, the teachers were asked to identify the main sources of their students' listening difficulties, discuss their preferred approaches to helping their students deal with their listening problems, and describe instructional procedures that would enhance their students' overall listening abilities. The results show that in general these teachers share a preference for a bottom-up approach to teaching L2 listening, stressing the importance of giving priority to developing their students lower level skills such as coping with fast speed and recognizing words in speech. However, differences in opinions are identified among the teachers, especially regarding the degree of importance attached to the teaching of listening strategies. Overall, the results seem to lend support to the argument that enhancing EFL learners' bottom-up processing competence is perhaps the first thing that needs to be addressed to help EFL learners build a solid linguistic foundation before they move on to learning the more advanced listening skills.

2024

These are the posters from temporary exibition in RMH-Kardjali that reflects results from excavations in Late Antique and Medieval fortress near village of Hrastovo in Eastern Rhodopes

WARNING: This manual contains information on limitations regarding product use and function and information on the limitations as to liability the manufacturer. The entire manual should be carefully read.

Reti Medievali Rivista, 2019

En este artículo se estudiarán las características del mando militar desempeñado por los reyes de Castilla durante la Baja Edad Media en relación con su ejercicio en las campañas contra los musulmanes entre el reinado de Alfonso XI y la conquista de Granada. Estas cualidades se hallaron fuertemente vinculadas a un discurso legitimador de la monarquía en torno a los principios de la “recuperación de España”, la Cruzada y la Caballería. Dicho discurso de servicio a Dios y la Iglesia, el rey y el reino fue asumido y adaptado por los Reyes Católicos y los monarcas de la casa de Austria al servicio de sus proyectos expansivos en Europa, el Mediterráneo y también las Indias. Se propone la hipótesis de que si ese modelo medieval de liderazgo militar monárquico, ligado al citado marco ideológico, pudo ser integrado por los capitanes de la conquista en América. This papers aims to study the features of the military command of the kings of Castile in the Late Middle Ages during the campaigns gainst the Muslims, starting from the reign of king Alfonso XI to the conquest of Granada. These military traits were strongly connected to the notions of the “restoration of Spain” (restauratio Hispaniae; “Reconquista”), the Crusade and Chivalry. The Catholic Kings and the monarchs of the House of Austria took over and adapted the discourse of service to God and the Church, the King and the realm and used it as an ideological framework for the Spanish expansionist esigns in Europe and in the Mediterranean, as well as in the West Indies. This paper puts forward the hypothesis that this medieval model of monarchical military command, and its ideological framework, could have been embraced by the captains during the Conquest in America. Edad media; Edad moderna temprana; siglos XIV-XVI; Castilla; América; mando militar; reconquista; cruzada; caballería; crónicas. Middle Ages; Early Modern Times; 14th-16th Centuries; Castile; America; Military command; Reconquista; Crusade; Chivalry; Chronicles.

Text and Talk, 2022

Metadiscourse is the commentary on a text made by its producer in the course of speaking or writing, revealing something of how communication involves the personalities, attitudes and assumptions of those who are communicating. It offers a framework for understanding communication as social engagement and helps reveal how writers and speakers consider their audience in creating texts. This paper uses a bibliometric analysis to trace the growing interest in metadiscourse since its early incarnations in the 1980s. To do so we analysed all 431 papers relating to metadiscourse in the core collection of the Web of Science between 1983 and 2020, dividing the corpus into two periods following the massive increase in interest after 2006. We identify which topics have been most prevalent, which authors and publications most influential and which disciplines and journals most active in citing the metadiscourse literature. The findings show the importance of academic and business writing, cross-disciplinary, language and genre studies, and the increasing predominance of an interpersonal model. These findings may be of interest to those working in discourse analysis and the study of social interaction.

Özgür Yayınları eBooks, 2023

Considered as the 'Heartland of the World' by Mackinder, Central Asia has an essential influence on the power dynamics of the world. With the advantage of the revitalisation of the ancient Silk Road, Russia, United States of America, European Union, China and Turkey have different outcomes with their policy implications on the framework of complex interdependency. Due to the different bargaining powers, vulnerabilities and purposes of the states, each power has focused on the region in a different way. So, this paper aims to analyse the power dynamics on the region via revitalisation of the Silk Road on the concept of complex interdependency. Within the selected articles and journals, literature reviews for the theoretical framework and policy papers for the policy implications is used to deepen the analysis. To do so, the complex interdependency model will be analysed under three different aspects to explain its policy implications on the region, such as economic dimension, energy security section and human rights and democratization issues.

Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine, 2024

The Ogrin 4/4-a site in Dnipro-city was excavated in 2019. It was located between points 4 and 4-a, which are known from research conducted in 1932. The earliest findings date back to the Neolithic period. Most artifacts from this period consist of pottery shards. Most Neolithic pottery is associated with the Azov-Dnieper culture of its second period. Additionally, the presence of pottery from the Surska culture should not be excluded. Materials from the Early Bronze Age are scarce; fragments of ceramic vessels were found scattered throughout the cultural layer of the site. A destroyed burial of the Catacomb culture was also discovered, from which only the skull of an adult was preserved. Adjacent to the temporal bone, a clay cup with a flat bottom was found, decorated with horizontal incised lines. The most substantial and richest findings at the Ogrin 4/4-a site turned out to be a layer from the final stage of the Bronze Age. The main part of the ceramic complex belongs to the latest period of this era. Notably, there is visible heterogeneity in the investigated ceramic vessels. The first group of findings has Western, Bilozerka or Bilohrudivka origins. However, there is a noticeable presence of Eastern pottery, derived from the Timber-Grave Culture. Similar situations have been encountered repeatedly in settlements along the Left Bank of the Dnieper River and in territories further east. The difference between the ceramic complexes of settlements primarily lies in the percentage distribution of various groups of pottery. Preliminary observations suggest that the population at the end of the Bronze Age in the Ogrin 4/4-a settlement had predominantly Timber-Grave Culture origins.