CV TAN 2017 1.doc

This review includes for the first time a dynamical systems analysis of human quadrupedalism in Uner Tan syndrome, which is characterized by habitual quadrupedalism, impaired intelligence, and rudimentary speech. The first family was discovered in a small village near Iskenderun, and families were later found in Adana and two other small villages near Gaziantep and Canakkale. In all the affected individuals dynamic balance was impaired during upright walking, and they habitually preferred walking on all four extremities. MRI scans showed inferior cerebellovermian hypoplasia with slightly simplified cerebral gyri in three of the families, but appeared normal in the fourth. PET scans showed a decreased glucose metabolic activity in the cerebellum, vermis and, to a lesser extent the cerebral cortex, except for one patient, whose MRI scan also appeared to be normal. All four families had consanguineous marriages in their pedigrees, suggesting autosomal recessive transmission. The syndrome was genetically heterogeneous. Since the initial discoveries more cases have been found, and these exhibit facultative quadrupedal locomotion, and in one case, late childhood onset. It has been suggested that the human quadrupedalism may, at least, be a phenotypic example of reverse evolution. From the viewpoint of dynamic systems theory, it was concluded there may not be a single factor that predetermines human quadrupedalism in Uner Tan syndrome, but that it may involve self-organization, brain plasticity, and rewiring, from the many decentralized and local interactions among neuronal, genetic, and environmental subsystems.

Both the electronic and the printed versions of ############ are ####. The printed version of journal (ISSN. 1303-1783) is published annually. The readers and/or organizations who order the printed version will be charged ############ for the shipment expenses for an original copy. The credit card form which must be filled and signed for mailling expenses can be found in the web site of the journal. The electronic version of journal (ISSN. 1303-1775) is absolutely #### and can be accessed on internet (###########################). ########################## 2002 neuroanatomy.org. No authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is required by the publisher. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works or for resale. Special requests should be addressed

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 2019

The Award for Meritorious Contributions to Neuropathology recognizes members who have made significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge in neuropathology and provided service to the American Association of Neuropathologists. Each recipient of the award is nominated by the president, in conjunction with the nominating committee and with the approval of the executive council. The qualities of outstanding scientific achievement and service are embodied in this year's recipients, Drs. Eileen Bigio and Raymond A. Sobel. They join the rich roster of distinguished former award recipients.

Movement Disorders, 2010

Uner Tan syndrome (UTS), discovered in 2005 in Southern Turkey, mainly consists of habitual quadrupedal locomotion, mental retardation, and dysarthric or no speech, with or without cerebello-vermial hypoplasia and mildly simplified cortical gyri. A man walking on all four extremities, probably exhibiting the symptoms of the UTS, was first discovered and reported in 1917, nearly a hundred years ago, by a British traveler on the Middle Black Sea coast, near Samsun, on the famous Baghdad road, during the time of the Ottoman Empire. Between 2005 and 2010, 10 families with 33 cases—13 women (42.4%) and 19 men (57.6%)— were discovered in Turkey (see Table 1). In addition, there were two male children (4 and 12 years old) resident in Adana and Istanbul, who were normal in cognitive abilities, with no neurological signs and symptoms, and normal brain MRIs, but with facultative quadrupedal locomotion. Including the cases from Brazil, Iraq, Mexico, and Chile, there were 25 men (64.1%) and 14 women (35.9%) around the world. Statistics showed that the number of men significantly exceeded the number of women (p<.05), suggesting a male preponderance in UTS. Genealogical analysis suggested autosomal recessive transmission linked to chromosome 17p13.1.13.3 with a missense mutation in the WDR81 gene in the affected members of the first described Iskenderun family.

The concepts of consciousness, coma and wakefulness have fascinated man from the ages [1-3]. The explanation and thereby, understanding of different states of altered consciousness vary from mystic, spiritual to anatomic and scientific. The advent of experimental neurology and anatomy gradually expanded the scientific horizons of man allowing observations and measurements to be made and interpreted. An epoch braking understanding occurred with the discovery of the Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS), by an Austrian Nobleman Baron Constantin von Economo who demonstrated the seminal influence of the ARAS in wakefulness in animal models.

Nietzsches Plastik, 2021

Nietzsches Plastik (2021) Kap 9

This paper seeks to identify traditional marketing and its tenents as opposed contemporary marketing. While traditional marketing focuses on the company's needs, contemporary marketing focuses on what the target market desires rather than what the company wants them to have. Contemporary marketing also emphasizes on building trust. The marketing concept is a contemporary marketing essence which has encouraged the creation of value for customers, increased firms turnover and fostered economic growth in functional economies. In corollary with previous researches, product quality, service speed and waiter courtesy would have a direct relationship with firm turnover. Recommendations include training of marketing personnel, a holistic marketing plan with effective implementation strategy and the development of appropriate distribution channels as well as to provide efficient service infrastructure.