Reducing The Seepage By Grouting

One of the major concerns facing dam is the repair of their structures to prevent the seepage under them. In previous years, many existing dams have been treated by grouting, but with varying degrees of success. One of the major reasons for this erratic performance is the unsuitable selection of the grouting materials to reduce the seepage. Grouting is an effective way to strengthen of the permeability of the soil to reduce the seepage. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the efficiency of current available grouting materials and techniques from construction, environmental and economical point of view. The seepage reduction usually accomplished by either chemical grouting o r cementious grouting using ultrafine cement. In addition, the study shows a comparison between grouting materials according to their degree of permeability reduction and cost. The application of seepage reduction is based on the permeation grouting using grout curtain installation. The computer program (SEEP/W) is employed to model a dam rested on sandy soil, using grout curtain to reduce seepage quantity and hydraulic gradient by different grouting materials. This study presents a relationship that takes into account the permeability of the soil, grout curtain spacing and a new performance parameter that can be used to predict the best selection of grouting materials for seepage reduction

2018

Differing requests are made on paints and varnishes. From one perspective, the necessity is for splendid, smooth coatings. Then again, the longing is for functional,continuous covering films which guarantee synthetic and mechanical obstruction, satisfactory slip, haptic properties and furthermore a certain antiblocking/discharge impact. A covering has an extensive interfacial territory for its volume. There are really two interfaces, one with the substrate and another with the encompassing air. Slip and stream added substances are dynamic at these interfaces where, contingent upon their structure, they enhance substrate wetting, advance stream and grant slip. Consequently slip and stream added substances fundamentally decrease the weakness to deserts, bringing about a great appearance and extraordinarily enhanced scratch obstruction, particularly with crisply connected coatings. Disposing of unevenness: stream or leveling The expression "leveling" shows the natural property of coatings to try and out defects which emerge from splash fog, brush strokes, and so on. (Noise 55945). The leveling of a covering material is emphatically reliant on its stream properties, surface pressure, application parameters and drying conditions. On the off chance that the stream is insufficient, surface deformities, for example, articulated surface, voids and cavities in the covering surface happen. Interestingly, coatings with great stream, when connected on a reasonable substrate, create smooth surfaces of remarkable optical brightness. Bénard cells: contrasts in surface pressure To accomplish great stream, the surface strain must stay uniform over the total surface of the covering layer while it is drying. Amid the drying of a solventborne covering film, the dissolvable at first glance vanishes causing contrasts in temperature, surface pressure, dissolvable fixation and thickness inside the film. To adjust the thermodynamic non-harmony, flows happen in the covering film. These flows deliver swirls in the drying layer, a marvel known as the arrangement

2017

Development of Left Left Main Dam project Sindangheula Dam, Banten which is the Urugan type Dam in need of geological study with the method of Grouting consisting of 2 Blocks. This study is based on geological conditions and technical properties of rocks, especially to minimize water disaster or failure and development. Development Left Bank Of Sindangheula Dam, Banten which is the Urugan type Dam in need of geological studies with the Grouting method consisting of 2 Blocks. This study is based on the geological condition and the technical nature of the rocks, especially to minimize disaster / seepage or development failure. Based on the identification of the composition consisting of the Vitric Tuff and the LithicTuff which has a low permeability and there is a minor structure in the form of a sturdy that has orientation Southeast-Northwest and the nature of rock technique which has a RQD between 20-70% and Lugeon value between 5-10 that fall into the category of need in Grouting and indicate that the research area is prone to disaster or water seepage so that it needs the use of Grouting method to minimize disaster. After doing the activities of Ground Trial and Cement Injection, the need to calculate the effectiveness of the use of Grouting itself in every block. Results from 2 research blocks in which each block has 1 Pilot Hole and 1 Check Hole with 3-4 stages. On Block 1 the effectiveness figure is 56.90% (Stage 1); 42.71% (Stage2); 64.40% (Stage3). On Block 2 the effectiveness figure was 31.54% (Stage1); 46.90% (Stage 2);75.13% (Stage 3). From the number of effectiveness in getting and in comparison with "The Effectiveness of Grouting and Its Effect" can be concluded that the effect of Grouting Effectiveness is Medium-Good.

Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü dergisi (Online), 2024

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2020

This study investigated the effect of using Grouted Vertical Barrier (GVB) on the seepage characteristics (uplift force, seepage rate, and exit hydraulic gradient) under small hydraulic structures. The GVB's variables, viz., position, depth, width and hydraulic conductivity, were studied experimentally using sand model and numerically employing SEEP/W software. A parametric study investigated several cases of the variables after numerical model verification. The results depicted that the heal and toe ends were the best positions for uplift force and exit gradient, respectively. The maximum reduction in the seepage occurred at both ends. The seepage characteristics swiftly decreased by increasing the GVB's depth in the pre-mentioned best positions. Upsurge of the GVB's width sequentially reduced the exit gradient and the seepage rate, whilst negatively impacted the uplift force. Declining the ratio between the hydraulic conductivity of the GVB (K) and the reference soil one (K o) significantly lowered the seepage until reaching a stationary proportion K/K o = 1EÀ4. Beyond this, decreasing K/K o ratio do-nothing. Through regression analysis, three equations were developed to estimate the seepage characteristics affected by GVB's variables. The indications of comparative studies revealed a better effect of the GVB compared to any of the sheet pile or the upstream blanket.

IRJET, 2020

Water is the fundamental constituent of the solid. As the water concrete proportion influence the quality of the solid however for ground surface, the main PCC to be laid on plinth and afterward tiles are conferred on PCC work for the better appearance. In any case, if there should be an occurrence of industry flooring, just PCC work to be done however not tiles to be laid on floor. For the better appearance of floor of the business assembling the vacuum dewatering process is utilized from which the water is expelled from the solid for the settle. This strategy is utilized in private structure for the appearance reason just as for bear the heap like strolling of individual, home apparatuses and so on this kind of deck is utilized in section of quake safe structure which continue the ground shaking vibration happen because of the seismic tremor. The thickness of the deck is 200 to 300mm which is utilized in chunk of 5 story constructing yet due to in vibration that kind of section doesn't to be fell. This sort of ground surface is affordable in light of the fact that the tiles cost to be diminished.

fe: el acceso a las órdenes religiosas de los no europeos en el las Monarquías Ibéricas (siglos XVI-XVIII)" Directores: María López Barquero y Eleuterio Santos Candela.

CALL-EJ, 2024

Spaced repetition in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research is a popular area of study, but few studies explore the learning of various aspects of word knowledge (Nation, 2001). Interleaved Spaced Repetition Software (ISRS) combines the principles of task interleaving (i.e., the reoccurring practice or study of multiple skills/concepts) and spaced repetition (i.e., interval-based study). This study enrolled 74 Japanese university EFL learners over two academic semesters to assess their acquisition of the New Academic Word List's (NAWL; Browne et al., 2013) word items supplemented with contextualized sentences, word/sentence audio and L1 translations (eNAWL; Kanazawa & Lafleur, 2023) while utilizing Interleaved Spaced Repetition Software (ISRS; i.e., digital flashcard study software) developed by the author. Some important findings were the uneven word knowledge pretest scores: "Meaning" (24.34%), "Form" (20.53%) and "Use" (13.16%), and the relatively even posttest score gains as encouraged by ISRS's task interleaving algorithm: "Meaning" (+16.71%), "Form" (+15.39%), and "Use" (+13.16%). Finally, the treatment group significantly outperformed the control group in total score gains (p = .002, r = .360). These results present a reasonable argument regarding task interleaving inclusion viability within spaced repetition systems to promote a balanced and deeper learning of vocabulary alongside longer-term retention.