Categories of Law

Recent Trends in Law and Policy Making, ISBN: 978-81-956353-6-8, 2022

Law, morality and profession relate to the customs, practices and rules of conduct of a society which are recognized as regulated by the society. Enforcement of Rules by Regulatory Authority. Law is an instrument that regulates human behavior. Laws provide the framework and rules for settling disputes between individuals. Laws create a system where individuals can bring their disputes to an impartial fact finder such as a judge or arbitrator. We have laws to provide our common security. These include local, state and national laws and food safety laws. In this presentation, we will examine four primary sources of legislation at the state and federal levels. These four sources of law are the US Constitution, federal and state statutes and administrative regulations, and case law. In modern democracies, lawmaking is the task of legislatures at the local, regional and national levels, and we have laws to provide for our common security. These include local, state and national laws and food safety laws. In this presentation, we will examine four primary sources of legislation at the state and federal levels. These four sources of law are the US Constitution, federal and state statutes and administrative regulations, and case law. In modern democracies, lawmaking is the task of legislatures at the local, regional and national levels, making laws appropriate to their situation and subject to their jurisdiction. Four Kinds of Law. Corporate Law-Lawyers who examine the legal boundaries of a business. Criminal Law-Lawyers ensure that every citizen obeys the law. Energy Act-Tax on energy and attorneys approving licenses for businesses. Law provides stability and commitment in the administration of justice. The same law should be applied in all cases. If the facts are the same, there can be no difference from one case to another. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and makes laws for the nation. Congress has two legislative bodies or chambers: the US Senate and the US House of Representatives. Anyone elected by anyone can propose a new law. This bill is a proposal for a new law. Rules are unique, and are often adjusted as household conditions and circumstances change. Laws are passed through due process to become effective. A law begins as a bill and must go through a series of checks, balances and votes to become law. Government and private companies are liable under the law.

Enormous growth in the substance of international law implies that it is now mostly applied and enforced by national authorities and courts. International tribunals are clear thar in case of conflict the international law prevails, but they will not invalidate national law and have traditionally regarded as a domestic matter how the correct international result is achieved. For national legislatures and courts, by contrast, their mandate derives from their national constitution. Constitutional provisions are complex and infinitely varied and do not give clear answers to many problems which arise in national courts.

Revista Amazonia Investiga

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature and features of the rules of international and national law, as well as their differences. The subject matter of the study is the correlation between the rules of international and national law. The research methodology includes the use of the following scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, formal and dogmatic, system and structural, hermeneutic, synergetic. Results of the study. The concept of the rule of law is analyzed and its features are outlined. The concepts of rules of national law and rules of international law are provided. The differences between the rules of international and national law are revealed. The procedure for ensuring the implementation of the rules national and international law is considered. Practical implementation. Some problematic issues arising from the interaction of rules of international and national law are investigated. Value / originality. Emphasis is placed on the need for interaction of...

Sources of International Law-int'l law governs actions between states and represents the laws that they have voluntarily assented to through conventions, treaties or by usages generally accepted as expressing principles of law established in order to regulate the relations between coexisting legal communities with a view to the achievement of common aims Statute of the International Court of Justice Article 38: Court shall apply: a) international conventions expressing rules accepted by states b) international custom as evidence of a general practice accepted as law c) general principles of law recognized by civilized nations d) judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations as subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of law 2. The provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court todecide a case ex aequo et bono if the parties agree thereto-Article 59—decisions have no binding force except for the parties to the dispute-Article 38(1)—in order for the court to accept any rule of int'l law it must fall under either a, b or c-38(1)(d) –judicial interpretations and opinions of scholars are evidence by which the rules of int'l law are determined-the rules that emanate from the law creating processes in Art. 38(1) are hard law there is a second category of law known as soft law that is not binding eg: Helsinki Accords—this soft law is a general code of conduct for states and though not binding is persuasive and can often lead to the formation of binding international customs Conventions: involve multiple states Treaties: generally only involve a few (1,2,3) Rules of Custom are created by: 1) actual state practice-must be consistent, general and virtually uniformly adopted 2) Opinio juris—legal obligations where a state has acceded in a practice for a substantial period of time without protest 3) General principles of law recognized by civilized nations-ICJ does not follow stare decisis but they use judicial decisions for comparitive analysis to interpret treaties, identify state customs and judicial opinions

This is totally the term based paper in the master level of political science, central department Kirtipur, which attempts to focus on the concepts and the perception made in the field of nature and characteristics of the international law. The study reveals the importance of International law with its development regarding its legal status whether this law is 'law' in the true sense or not, it is still under heated debate among jurists. As it is in controversial, some writers' strong opinions have tried to clarify aspect of International law.

An Introduction to International Law, Thomson Reuters, 2021

This chapter introduces the concept and need of public international law, with some of the definitions of international law. It contains a brief introduction to the nature of international law and touches upon the significance of international politics in international law. It also introduces the reader to the commonalities and differences between international and national legal systems. It discusses the issue of international law in an unequal international society and reflects how the statecentric approach affects the realms of international law. It further brings out an interesting case of Social Contract Theory in International Law, whereby the need for international law is pressed with the Social contractarian arguments. The chapter towards the end briefly outlines a comparative sketch between public international law and private international law.