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Short theoretical background. Diode [0] is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in one direction (from positive (p) to negative (n) terminal) and blocks it the opposite direction. Semiconductor diodes (represented physically by a p-n junction) are most common type of contemporary diodes. They are widely used as a rectifiers, stabilitrons, voltage-dependent capacitors etc. Special modifications of semiconductor diodes are used as solar cells, photodiodes, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes.

IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL LEARN 1. The characteristics of the ideal diode and how to analyze and design circuits containing multiple ideal diodes together with resistors and dc sources to realize useful and interesting nonlinear functions.

This paper presents some of the basic construction, operation and I-V characteristic about PN type of semiconductor which use widely in electronic component which is vacuum diode, semiconductor pn junction, pn junction solar cell, and zener diode. The description of this operation is given in some form which relates the current through the device to the voltage across it. Such a relationship is expressed in various ways. For example, for a pure resistor, a single number, R, the resistance, plus Ohm's law, fully express the current-voltage relationship. Similarly, for other devices, like diodes, the relationship is a bit more complicated, and often more than one number, or even a graph relating i to v, is necessary to provide the description. Keywords-component; vacuum; pn junction; solar cell; zener diode

Diode Approximation: (Large signal operations):

the basics of electronics

What makes a difference between the usual P/N semiconductor diode and the power diode? The response is basically: the need to withstand high voltages in the reverse bias condition; this need will pose some constraints on the device structure.