ENGLISH FORM 1

2005

Aþýrdizer M, Yavuz MS, Albek E, Cantürk G. Infant and adolescent deaths in Istanbul due to home accidents. Turk J Pediatr 2005; 47: 141-149. Adolescent and infant deaths due to home accidents pose an important social problem and can be prevented significantly by appropriate measures. The aims of this study about adolescent deaths under the age of 18 and infant deaths due to home accidents were assessment of risk factors and proposals for protective measures. Toward these aims, 414 autopsy reports (Provided by Mortuary Section, Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Turkey, 1996-2000) were reviewed, as well as scene investigation data and information from eyewitnesses. Determination of risk factors, appropriate education, as well as legal regulations for manufacturers of household articles may significantly reduce the number of infant and adolescent deaths due to home accidents.

SUMMARY: Atak N, Karaoğlu L, Korkmaz Y, Usubütün S. A household survey: unintentional injury frequency and related factors among children under five years in Malatya. Turk J Pediatr 2010: 52; 285-293. Accidents constitute a major public health problem around the world. They are one of the leading causes of death among children under five, with residential accidents accounting for the majority. Since there is no recording system that provides routine and reliable data about accidents, the data about the frequency of accidents and related factors are available only through researches. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of injuryproducing accidents and related factors among children aged under five who live in Malatya city center. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, we covered first each regional health center in Malatya city center, a total of 30 clusters out of the population using a proportional systematic sampling method, and in turn, a sample size of 704 children under five. The frequency of injury-producing accidents was determined as 12.6%. The majority of the accidents occurred in the house, and 65.3% of them were due to falls; in 65.1%, accidents occurred in the presence of the mother. The frequency of the accidents was highest for the 4-5 age group (14.1%) and lowest among those ≤1 year. It was found that maternal age ≤30 (odds ratio [OR]=1.9) and patient age of 4-5 years (OR=5.4) primarily affected the chances of having an accident. A drawing of a kitchen setting, representing a total of 13 accident-producing risks, was given to the mothers, who were able to define an average of only 5.1±0.2 risks. The average number of risks defined by the mothers was found to be associated with the age of the child, educational background of the mother, her occupation, type of family, and monthly family income. No relation was determined between the accident risk awareness and accident frequency. In conclusion, the injury-producing accident frequency among children aged under five in central Malatya was found to be high. Given the finding that children have accidents in the presence of their mothers, it seems reasonable to provide mothers with parenting applications and training programs to reduce the home-based risks. Key words: frequency, injury-producing accidents, residential/home accidents, children under five, risk awareness.

Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2006

Background: The objective of this project was to assess the current nature and level of preventive actions that parents take to avoid unintentional poisoning among toddlers (11-18 months old). Methods: In 2004, we conducted a cross-sectional observational survey with self-administered questionnaires among parents with toddlers (n = 1722). Data were obtained on storage locations of medicines and cleaning products and supervision of children. Results: Overall, 50.1% of the toddlers were exposed to unsafe storage of possible poisonous products in the home. Parents were more likely to store medicines safely than cleaning products, and products were most often stored unsafely in the kitchen, where children were left unattended most often (69%). Households with one child were associated with unsafe storage of both medicines and cleaning products. Lower educational level of the mother and unemployment of the mother were both associated with safe storage of medicines. Mother's ethnicity, the child's ability to walk, and the education level of the father were associated with storage of cleaning products. Conclusions: The results of this study are an important first step for the development of effective interventions to reduce unintentional poisoning in toddlers' homes.

Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013

Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2011

Background: Unintentional poisonings are a major public health issue in the United States (US). With the increasing number of Hispanics in the US, childhood poisoning is a salient public health issue to address within this population. There is a paucity of research examining the relationship between acculturation in Hispanics and the safe storage of medicines and cleaners. The purpose of the study was to determine if demographic variables, such as acculturation in Hispanics, age, gender and education, were predictive of incorrectly storing medicines and household cleaners. Methods: We conducted a study among parents/guardians of small children at two pediatric primary care clinics in the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Metropolitan area. We enrolled 201 parents to identify where they stored medicines and household cleaners, and measured acculturation with the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. Results: Of Hispanic participants, 49% were categorized as less acculturated (n = 99) while 21% were more acculturated (n = 42). Less acculturated participants were over 4 times more likely to store medicines incorrectly, and participants with a high school education or less were over 3 times more likely to improperly store cleaners. With each additional child in the household, the risk for improper storage of cleaners increased by 44%. Conclusion: The fact that children of less acculturated families are at greater risk for poisoning and have lower levels of education demonstrates the need for readable educational materials on this salient topic. Because social networks are integral in Hispanic culture, especially among new immigrants, poison prevention messages should be disseminated by interpersonal communications.

This study developed an outcome measure to assess Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN) in people post-stroke. This instrument (Gbiri distracters test) was developed from concepts derived from four existing tests. The design of the instrument into rolls and columns was conceptualized from Bell’s test; the use of reference starting point was from the Line Bisection test while the use of pen and paper was from Bell’s, Writing, and Line Bisection tests. Independent t-test was used to compare the age-match of the two groups. The psychometric properties were analyzed with Pearson's Moment Correlation Coefficient and independent t-test. One hundred and two (50 apparently-healthy age-matched; 27 left-hemispheric and 25 right-hemispheric lesion stroke survivors) were recruited for this study. Out of the 25 stroke patients with right hemispheric lesion, 19 (76%) had various degrees of USN while two (5.6%) out of the 27 patients with left hemispheric lesion had USN. The psychometric properties...

Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to conduct a qualitative study of the meanings assigned by 5th grade students from three schools with different socio-economic levels to the concept of computer. Findings prove the existence of digital divide. Keywords: Computer, children, concept maps, socio-economic level, digital divide Summary The purpose of the present paper is to conduct a qualitative study of the meanings assigned by 5th grade students from three schools with different socio-economic levels to the concept of computer. For a detailed description and interpretation of the problem, interviews and brainstorming were employed in the study in order to reveal what students think and how they conceive. The data obtained through interviews were converted into evaluation profiles by means of concept mapping. The study concluded that there is a significant difference among the three groups with different socio-economic levels, the difference being against the students from the lower socio-economic level. This finding proves the existence of digital divide.

Burns, 2001

A retrospective study was carried out based on 110 paediatric burns (0 -14 years) seen at the Burn unit, Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore over a period of 7 years (1993 -1999). Epidemiological data included age, sex, seasonal variation, place of burn and the cause and mode of burn. Hospitalised paediatric burns constituted 13.5% of total burn accidents. These children were categorised into three groups, the infants and toddlers (0 -2 years), early childhood (\2 -6 years) and late childhood (\ 6-14 years). In the first two groups scalding was the predominant cause of injury while in late childhood there were many more flame and electric burns. Males were mainly affected. Most of the burns (53.6%) occurred in the winter season between October and February. Ninety-five percent of accidents occurred at home. The overall mortality rate was 21.8%. An intense campaign to make people aware of the risk factors and their avoidance is required to reduce the number of burn accidents in children.

Partiendo de la lectura de dos fragmentos póstumos escritos por Walter Benjamin entre 1919 y 1921, Mundo y tiempo (Welt und Zeit) y El significado del tiempo en el universo moral (Die Bedeutung der Zeit in der Moralischen Welt), intentaremos analizar de qué manera existe una teología-política en su pensamiento que le permitirá pensar en los conceptos de mundo y de tiempo. De esta forma, podremos observar cómo entiende la diferencia teológica entre judaísmo y catolicismo, así como también la idea de cumplimiento de la revelación divina o la descomposición del mundo. Y, finalmente, analizaremos cómo estos postulados teológico-políticos configuran sus escritos posteriores sobre el lenguaje, la violencia y el derecho. Palabras claves: Descomposición, Cumplimiento, Mesianismo, Teología política, Walter Benjamin.