Introduction - The Form of Structure, the Structure of Form

INTRODUCTION This book renders tribute to our most appreciated teacher and colleague Jean Lowenstamm. Praising a modest person is always an awkward situation, because one knows that the praised will feel more ill-at-ease than flattered. Nevertheless, in this introduction, we will try to explain the esteem that Jean’s students and colleagues have come to harbor for Jean as a man, as a teacher and as a linguist. Three terms correspond to these three aspects of his activity (and all three are true of each): generosity, seriousness, originality. 1. Jean Lowenstamm, the teacher and the man Jean’s teacher-hood illustrates best these three traits. It is impossible to have been Jean’s student without it leaving a mark on you: his teaching style, gradual and structured, provokes the student’s intellectual curiosity because it does not provide the students with immediate answers, but rather allows them to come to their own conclusions. That said, Jean’s intention in his classes is not just to have you develop your own conclusions: these conclusions will then have to be confronted with the teacher’s own analysis. This strategy, we believe, is a conscious and generous effort to educate intellectually, rather than just impose a way of regarding things or simply inform students on current linguistic practice. It also exemplifies the seriousness with which Jean approaches his topics at class, for he aspires to convince people who have an opinion, not just note-taking students. Throughout his career, Jean has always attracted students to write dissertations with him, doubtless the best certificate of an excellent academic teacher. To date, at Université Paris VII alone, Jean has supervised 16 Ph.D (Philippe Ségéral 1995, Tobias Scheer 1996, Sophie Wauquier 1996, Sabrina Bendjaballah 1999, Gilles Boyé 2000, Mi-Young Kang 2000, Mohamed Lahrouchi 2001, David Le Gac 2001, Xavier Barillot 2002, Emmanuel Aïm 2003, Pierre Rucart 2006, Mamadou Keita 2008, Nora Arbaoui 2010, Nicola Lampitelli 2011, Noam Faust 2011, Radwa Fathi 2013). These should be added to the 4 dissertations he supervised at UQAM (Girmay Berhane 1991, Moussa Bamba 1992, Christian Dunn 1992, Emmanuel Nikiema 1993), among them the very first linguistics dissertation defended at UQAM. Even at times when other responsibilities flooded his schedule, he has always been delighted to grant yet another student the opportunity to pursue their aspiration to become a linguist. Indeed, because of his search for originality, it seems that enthusiasm among budding linguists motivates him much more than debates on theoretical stances and technicalities with colleagues. However, it is not enough to be a budding linguist: once you’ve started working with Jean, the same search for originality would not let you write a mediocre dissertation. For here, the student finds, there is in Jean a unique combination of generosity - expressed intellectual interest, manifested in long debates and much mutual brain-storming - and the seriousness with which he treats his own professional work. Jean’s generosity is once again revealed when, as the tutelage advances, the student notices the awe-inspiring fact that his teacher measures his comments thoughtfully, emphasizing what the student needs to hear at that specific moment, rather than what the teacher wants to say. Still, at no point does the student feel condescended; masterfully, Jean manages to both guide you and make you feel like his intellectual equal. To us, Jean’s attitude in this respect is a lesson for our academic career. In this context, one cannot leave untold the devotion that Jean exhibits to his students’ wellbeing. In both France and Canada, his students were often young foreigners living away from 1 their friends and families. Jean the man went out of his way to help in many administrative or personal problems, great or small, that his students experienced. In doing so, he proved to be not only a teacher and mentor, but also a friend to many of us. At the risk of not meeting his standards, we have decided to publish a volume in his honor. And although this volume will celebrate Jean Lowenstamm the linguist, rather than the teacher or the man, for all those who know him, the three are inseparable really, intertwined in a unique and unforgettable combination. Thank you, Jean. 2. Jean Lowenstamm, the linguist According to a story he once told, Jean’s career as a linguist was launched by pure chance. In his very early twenties, he was studying Law in Paris and working as a high-school hall monitor (“pion”). One day, during an exam period, one of the invigilators had to be evacuated to the hospital, and Jean had to replace him. On the table, that teacher left Lyons’ (1968) Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics, which Jean read and immediately realized that this was what he wanted to do. He never finished his law-studies, but went on to become a linguist of renown. After completing a dissertation under Emmon Bach in Amherst, Jean started to work in Tel Aviv University, where he taught for two years. He then taught in Austin, Texas, and then in Montreal, Canada where he settled for a longer period. While in Montreal, he traveled to Ethiopia to conduct field research, and taught in Addis Abeba. He then returned to Paris, more specifically to Paris VII University, where he is still teaching. Since then, he accepted guest professorships at various places, most notably in Vienna, where he contributed to the forging of a generation of enthusiastic young phonologists. At Paris VII, as mentioned above, Jean shaped the linguistics profile of the department, both through his teaching and his intense engagement in administrative duties: Jean created and directed the Graduate School between 1996 and 2013, and he was Director of the Research Lab “Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle” between 1999 and 2005. He became one of the outstanding figures of generative grammar in France and beyond. He played a leading role in the creation of a network of Afroasiatic Linguistics, and its impressive output: a series of conferences, several volumes at John Benjamins’, and, more recently, the creation of Brill’s Annual of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics. Jean’s work has revolved around the constraining force that universal linguistic principles have on the representations and surface forms of linguistic items. In the eighties, he addressed the issue of syllabic structures (Lowenstamm 1981), and showed that the phonology of vocalic expressions must not be understood only in terms of features, but also in structured feature-combinations (Kaye et al. 1985). His papers from the nineties show how syllabic structure and the realization thereof is constrained by universal skeletal structure (Kaye et al. 1990, Lowenstamm 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000a, 2003a). His work also emphasized the role of morphology in phonology, in the form of templates and templatic structure (Kaye & Lowenstamm 1984, Guerssel & Lowenstamm 1990, 1996, Lowenstamm 2000b, 2003b). In the last decade or so, the phonology-syntax interface has come to be his area of exploration. In this most recent round, he explores the consequences that the structural constraints of the syntactic module may have on the form that it produces (Lowenstamm 2001, 2008, 2011, 2012, to appear). Finally, it is important to mention here that much of his work, as well as that of his students, concerned Afro-Asiatic languages. His contribution to the theoretical study of this language family (e.g. Kaye & Lowenstamm 1986, Lowenstamm & Prunet 1986a,b, Lowenstamm 1991, 1996, 2000b) is invaluable. Two elements link Jean’s entire body of work together. The first is the general emphasis on 2 originality mentioned above. Indeed, no paper of Jean to date is simply the application of previously developed ideas to new problems. Instead, every paper proposes a novel way of looking at linguistic problems, one that has not been explored before, and illustrates the value of that novel way. The second element that links all of Jean’s individual works together is suggested in the title of this volume: the concern for finding the universal structures of phonological and morphological entities. This volume celebrates the continuing legacy that Jean’s work constitutes to linguistic research in general and phonology in particular. 3. The form of structure, the structure of forms With the unifying theme of structures in mind, a survey will now be presented of the papers in the volume by way of introduction. We have decided to group the papers around five empirical topics that Jean’s work has treated: Vowels, Syllables, Templates, Morphology as the Phonology-Syntax Interface and Selected Issues in Afro-Asiatic Syntax and Semantics. In this survey, we will stress the relevance of each paper to the general theme and its relation to Jean’s work. The reader, we hope, will find the inspiration and unificatory drive that characterizes Jean’s work in each and every paper in this volume. 3.1. Vowels Jean’s contribution to the understanding of vocalic expressions has taken several forms. First, his work with colleagues Jonathan Kaye and Jean-Roger Vergnaud on the internal structure of vocalic expressions (Kaye et al. 1985) has established Element Theory. Second, in two papers from 1990 and 1996, Jean and Mohand Guerssel have managed to account for the great majority of ablaut cases in Classical Arabic using a single apophonic chain: Ø => i => a => u => u. Interestingly, it has since been demonstrated that this chain shows up again and again in unrelated languages, and the “apophonic path” is a good candidate to be part of Universal Grammar. The first article in this volume, by Harry van der Hulst, treats vocalic harmony, more specifically tongue-root harmony, in several Bantu languages. The case is made in favor of Radical CV phonology, a theory which incorporates elements from Dependency Phonology and Government Phonology. Most notably, the structural RTR element ∀ is introduced and shown to be functional in triggering harmony. The article by John Rennison illustrates how Element Theory can be used to explain the harmonic vocalic patterns in the disyllabic nouns of two Niger-Congo languages and of German. Then, turning to apophonic theory, the paper by Gilles Boyé shows that the apophonic path is active in the chiming words in Malayan. The last paper in this section, by Gabriel Bergounioux, places the apophonic chain in a historical perspective by relating it to the work of early structuralists, especially in their observations on the relations between phonology and morphology. 3.2. Syllables Probably Jean’s most celebrated papers outside his collaboration with colleagues are Lowenstamm (1996), which reduces skeletal structure to a sequence of CV units, and Lowenstamm (1999), which treats the left edge of the word in the same framework. The effort to propose universally valid building blocks of syllabic structure, especially apparent in this part of his work, is mirrored in the papers in this section. The article by Mohand Guerssel accounts for the syncope of the glide in a particular group of Classical Arabic verbs, e.g. wazan-yazin (*yawzin). A universal parameter-setting analysis is developed within the CVCV option of Government Phonology which accounts for this syncope in a principled manner, by showing that when the position for the lexical vowel is 3 underlyingly empty, a glide as a first radical cannot be supported by the template. The second paper, by Larry Hyman, also relates to Jean’s efforts to find universal constraints related to syllable structure. In the article, the author discusses the reduced tonal contrasts found in final CVC syllables as compared to final CV ones. The paper offers universal statements as to the distribution of tone on closed syllables, arguing for a single system approach: the tone(s) on stopped syllables must be a subset of the tones contrasting on “smooth” syllables ending in a sonorant. In his article, Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho proposes to enrich the CVCV framework by adding timing slots to the representation and allowing C and V units to branch onto more than one timing slot. This is shown to give correct predictions regarding several typological facts, ranging from the distribution of long segments to the laxness of vowels. Mohamed Elmedlaoui’s paper treats the meter of Moroccan Malħun poetry. It develops a cyclic algorithm with seven entry points, characterized by the heaviness of the syllable, which generates all and only the impressive number of metric patterns attested in this type of poetry. Thus, building on universally-available classification tools, the language-specific poetic meter is deciphered. 3.3. Templates Much of Jean’s work focused on the idea of templates, i.e. fixed prosodic and vocalic forms that constrain the morphological and phonological shape of items in a language. Although much of his ideas regarding templates originated in the study of Semitic languages, over the years they have been shown to have universal status. The first paper in this section, by Degif Banksira, addresses the form of several types of defective roots in Chaha, also taken up in Lowenstamm (1996b). The templatic space, combined with several (morpho-)phonological constraints, is shown to predict the forms attested. The second paper, by Jean-François Prunet and Ali Idrissi, examines several instances of Arabic hypocoristics, in which suffixes which appear elsewhere as independent suffixes form part of a template. The authors argue that even though the analogy is synchronic, the templatic hypocoristic suffixes should not be considered as bearing the same semantics as their independent counterparts. The paper by Outi Bat El recalls Lowenstamm’s (1999) treatment of the left edge of the word and shows how, in Hebrew hypocoristics, that edge is a candidate for being retained in the truncated nickname, even when it is not stressed. Bat El shows that not all left edges are treated on a par: the weaker the left edge is, the less likely it is to be retained, with “weak” defined by the universal sonority hierarchy. In his article, Noam Faust examines the template tQuLa of Modern Hebrew. It is first shown that Lowenstamm's view of the templatic skeleton as a fixed number of strictly alternating CV units gives correct unificatory predictions. Then, Lowenstamm’s morphosyntactic view of affixation is adapted to templatic cases and shown to explain the different behaviors of the t- of tQuLa and the 2nd person prefix t-, by assuming that the two are not merged at the same morpho-syntactic level. Sophie Wauquier's article discusses templates as emergent tools in the infant's structuring of the acquired language. It is suggested that even in languages where templates are not part of the adult's morphological arsenal, e.g. French, they are nevertheless available to the infant as a morphological strategy. This indicates that templates are part of Universal Grammar. The next paper, by Alain Kihm, argues for the opposite conclusion. Adopting a radical Word and Paradigm perspective, it argues that nondefault templates of the type apparent in Semitic do not inherently belong to the grammars children acquire, but rather are abstracted from the paradigms they have to assimilate in order to be able to master all the word-forms that realize the lexemes of their language. 4 3.4. The Phonology-Syntax interface As mentioned, Jean’s most recent papers aim at understanding the ways in which morphosyntactic structures constrain phonological form. The papers in this section interact with this specific goal. The first paper, by Jonathan Kaye, attempts to delimitate phonology. He argues for a restrictive view of phonology, according to which phonological events are local and apply whenever their conditions are met. Kaye’s definition leaves several domains, such as acquisition, articulation, and language change, outside the realm of phonology. In addition, the paper poses a challenge to the ways in which syntax or morphology can be claimed to affect phonology. In Lowenstamm 2010, the claim was made that current views of derivation by phase fail to predict certain facts about English stress within standard Distributed Morphology. The article by David Embick argues that the standard view can be maintained, if only one recognizes that the phonological impenetrability of phases is not identical to their syntactic impenetrability. Embick proposes the PIP (Phase Impenetrability for Phonology), which allows non-cyclic rules to affect previously established morpho-syntactic domains. Sabrina Bendjaballah & Martin Haiden present an argument against the notions “lexeme” and “paradigm”. Using new data from the phonology, morphosyntax and semantics of a Middle Bavarian language, they show that Saussurean arbitrariness spreads all the way down to the morpheme. In doing so, they join Lowenstamm's pursuit to understand the behavior of roots and affixes as primitives of the grammar. The article by Mohamed Lahrouchi & Nicola Lampitelli applies the idea of similar morphological objects merging on different morpho-syntactic levels (Lowenstamm 2008) to the plural morphology of Moroccan Arabic and Somali. It is shown that in both languages, one plural form is the realization of a plural root, whereas the other realizes a feature on the number head. The last paper in this section is by Tobias Scheer, and argues that the initial CV unit, originally proposed in Lowenstamm (1999), is the realization of phasal boundaries. It is claimed that besides being forcefully motivated by cross-linguistic phonological facts, this unit is the only non-diacritic entity that can signal the phasal stages of the derivation. 3.5. Selected Issues in Afro-Asiatic Syntax and Semantics The final section of the book includes three papers, written by leading scholars of AfroAsiatic languages. All of them deal with the issue of structuring the form of linguistic expressions in Afro-Asiatic morphology, an area in which Jean has been active throughout his career, and as mentioned above, around which he set up an international active network. The first paper, by Jamal Ouhalla, treats the storage of verbs in Moroccan Arabic. In this language, transitive verbs may appear in the form of causatives, even though they do not have a morphologically simpler intransitive counterpart. An intransitive counterpart is nevertheless possible to derive by anticaustivization. The claim is made that for these cases, the causative verb is the basic lexical entry, maintaining nevertheless the existence of uncategorized roots in the lexicon. The second paper, by Ur Shlonsky, examines the form of Berber nouns in their construct form. Shlonsky’s goal is to find a unifying definition for all the contexts in which a noun takes the construct form. His answer is that in all these cases, nP is compelled to raise out of vP, and merge with a functional projection below T. The last paper of this section is by Edit Doron. This paper deals with Adj+N constructs in Modern Hebrew. The paper proposes an analysis of the semantic relation between A and N that not only accounts for the limits of the distribution of A+N constructs, but also unifies them with their nominal N+N constructs. The structural similarity is thus paralleled by an interpretational one. 5 For their help with the reviewing process, we would like to thank, in alphabetical order, JeanLouis Aroui, Outi Bat-El, Michael Becker, Abbas Benmamoun, Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero, Katherin Demuth, Guillaume Enguehard, Evan Gary-Cohen, Ali Idrissi, Jonathan Kaye, Alain Kihm, Ruth Kramer, Jamal Ouhalla, Gérard Philippson, Sharon Rose, Tobias Scheer, Ur Shlonsky and Jeroen van de Weijer. We are grateful to Simona Maletta for the formatting of the articles, and acknowledge financial support from the UMR 7110 Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle, CNRS & Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot, the UMR 7270 Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique CNRS, Université d’Orléans & Université de Tours and the UMR 7023 - Structures Formelles du Langage CNRS & Université Paris 8 Vincennes. Finally, we would like to thank Anne Abeillé, director of the Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle, for her support of this project, as well as Kleanthes Grohmann and Pierre Pica, editors of the Series Language Faculty and Beyond at Benjamins, for their encouragement throughout the project. Paris, May 2014 Sabrina Bendjaballah, Noam Faust, Mohamed Lahrouchi and Nicola Lampitelli References Guerssel, Mohand, and Jean Lowenstamm. 1990. “The Verbal Derivational Morphology of the Classical Arabic Verb”. Ms, Université du Québec à Montréal and Université Paris VII. ---------.1996. “Ablaut in Classical Arabic Measure I Active Verbal Forms.” In Studies in Afroasiatic Grammar ed. By Jacqueline Lecarme, Jean Lowenstamm & Ur Shlonsky. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics. Kaye, Jonathan, and Jean Lowenstamm. 1981. “Syllable structure and markedness theory.” In Theory of markedness in Generative Grammar, ed. by Adriana Belletti, Luciana Brandi and Luigi Rizzi, 287-315. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore. ---------. 1984. “De la syllabicité.” In Forme Sonore du Langage, ed. by François Dell, Daniel Hirst and Jean-Roger Vergnaud, 123-159. Paris: Hermann. ----------. 1986. Compensatory lengthening in Tiberian Hebrew. In Leo Wetzels & Engin Sezer (eds.), Studies in Compensatory Lengthening, Dordrecht: Foris. 97–132. Kaye, Jonathan, Jean Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger Vergnaud. 1985. “The internal structure of phonological representations: a theory of Charm and Government.” Phonology Yearbook 2: 305-328. ---------. 1990. “Constituent structure and government in phonology.” Phonology 7: 193-232. Lowenstamm, Jean. 1986. A propos d'une hypothèse sur la forme primitive des verbes du type B en Amharique, Revue Québécoise de Linguistique 16: 157-179 ---------. 1991. “Vocalic length and syllable structure in Semitic.” In Semitic Studies in Honor of Wolf Leslau on the occasion of his 85th birthday, ed. by Alan S. Kaye, 949-965. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ---------. 1996a. “CV as the only syllable type.” In Current trends in Phonology. Models and Methods, vol. 2, ed. by Jacques Durand & Bernard Laks, 419-441. Salford, Manchester: ESRI. 6 ---------. 1996b. Five Puzzling Chaha Verbs: an Exercise in Practical Morphophonemics. In Essays on Gurage Language and Culture, ed. Grover Hudson, 123–132. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ---------. 1999. “The beginning of the word.” In Phonologica 1996, ed. by John Rennison and Klaus Kühnhammer, 153-166. La Hague: Holland Academic Graphics. ---------. 2000a. “The image of a segment.” In Naturally! Linguistic Studies in Honour of Wolfgang Ulrich Dressler presented on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday, ed. by Chris Schaner-Wolles, John Rennison and Friedrich Neubarth, 281-290. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier. ---------. 2000b. “The No straddling Effect and its Interpretation: A Formal Property of Chaha 2nd Feminine Singular Formation.” In Research in Afroasiatic Grammar, ed. by Jacqueline Lecarme, Jean Lowenstamm and Ur Shlonsky, 183-198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ---------. 2003a. “Remarks on Mutae cum Liquida and Branching Onsets.” In Living on the Edge, 28 Papers in Honor of Jonathan Kaye, ed. by Stefan Ploch, Studies in Generative Grammar 62, 339-363. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin New York. -------. 2003b. “A propos des gabarits.” Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes 32: 7-30. ---------. 2008. “On n, nP, √ and types of nouns.” In The Sounds of Silence: Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology, ed. by J. Hartmann, V. Hegedűs, and H. van Riemsdijk, 105-144. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ---------. 2010. “Derivational Affixes as Roots (Phasal Spellout meets English Stress Shift).” Ms., Université Paris 7. ---------. 2011. “The Phonological Pattern of phi-features in the Perfective Paradigm of Moroccan Arabic.” Brill’s Annual of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 3: 140201. ---------. 2012. “Feminine and Gender, or Why the Feminine Profile of French Nouns has Nothing to Do with Gender.” In Linguistic Inspirations. Edmund Gussmann in memoriam, ed. by Eugeniusz Cyran, Henryk Kardela, and Bogdan Szymanek, 371406. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski. Lowenstamm, Jean, and Jean-François Prunet. 1986a. “Le tigrinya et le principe du contour obligatoire.” Revue Québécoise de Linguistique 16 : 181-207. --------- 1986b. “On Certain Nominal Patterns in Tigrinya.” Proceedings of the 15th Conference on African Linguistics. Lyons, John. 1968. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Supervised PhD dissertations Aïm, Emmanuel. 2003. Questions de phonologie et de morphologie sémitiques. Université Paris 7. Arbaoui, Nora. 2010. Les dix formes de l'arabe classique à l'interface phonologie – syntaxe Pour une déconstruction du gabarit. Université Paris 7. Bamba, Moussa. 1992. De l'interaction entre tons et accent. Université du Québec à Montréal. Barillot, Xavier. 2002. Morphophonologie gabaritique et information consonantique latente en somali et dans les langues est-couchitiques. Université Paris 7. Bendjaballah, Sabrina. 1999. Trois figures de la structure interne des gabarits: activité morphologique du niveau squelettal des représentations phonologiques en berbère, 7 somali et bedja. Université Paris 7. Berhane, Girmay. 1991. Issues in the phonology and morphology of Tigrigna. Université du Québec à Montréal. Boyé, Gilles. 2000. Problèmes de morpho-phonologie verbale en français, en espagnol et en italien. Université Paris 7. Dunn, Christian. 1992. Aspects du gouvernement harmonique. Université du Québec à Montréal. Fathi, Radwa. 2013. Selected Topics in the Phonology and Morphology of Egyptian Arabic. Université Paris 7. Faust, Noam. 2011. Forme et fonction dans la morphologie nominale de l’hébreu moderne : études en morpho-syntaxe. Université Paris 7. Kang, Mi-Young. 2000. L'interaction entre la morphologie et les conditions lexicales et phonologiques du coréen - Gémination dans un syntagme nominal, formation de glide et coalescence vocalique. Université Paris 7. Keita, Mamadou. 2008. Système morpho-phonologique de l'agni: complexité vocalique, complexité tonale et récupération du gabarit en agni. Université Paris 7. Lahrouchi, Mohamed. 2001. Aspects morpho-phonologiques de la dérivation verbale en berbère (parler chleuh d'Agadir). Université Paris 7. Lampitelli, Nicola. 2011. Forme phonologique, exposants morphologiques et structures nominales : étude comparée de l'italien, du bosnien et du somali. Université Paris 7. Le Gac, David. 2001. Structure prosodique de la focalisation : le cas du somali et du français. Université Paris 7. Nikiema, Emmanuel. 1993. De la légitimation des représentations en phonologie: le palier syllabique. Université du Québec à Montréal. Rucart, Pierre. 2006. Morphologie gabaritique et interface phonosyntaxique : aspects de la morphologie verbale en afar. Université Paris 7. Scheer, Tobias. 1996. Une théorie de l'interaction directe entre consonnes. Contribution au modèle syllabique CVCV, alternances e-ø dans les préfixes tchèques, structure interne des consonnes et la théorie X-barre en phonologie. Université Paris 7. Ségéral, Philippe. 1995. Une théorie généralisée de l’apophonie. Université Paris 7. Wauquier, Sophie. 1996. Organisation phonologique et traitement de la parole continue. Université Paris 7. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE FORM OF STRUCTURE, THE STRUCTURE OF FORMS. ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JEAN LOWENSTAMM Introduction 1. Vowels • Harry van der Hulst (University of Connecticut), Lowering and Raising Harmony in Bantu: An RcvP Account • John Rennison (Universität Wien), On vowel harmony and vowel reduction • Gilles Boyé (Université Bordeaux III), Apophony and Chiming Words in Malay • Gabriel Bergounioux (Université d’Orléans), What phonology says to morphology (and vice versa): from Saussure to Lowenstamm 2. Syllables • Mohand Guerssel (UQAM), On the licensing of glides • Larry Hyman (University of California, Berkeley), Coda Constraints on Tone • Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho (Université Paris 8), C/V Interactions in strict CV • Mohamed Elmedlaoui (Institut Universitaire de la Recherche Scientifique, Rabat), What does the Moroccan Malhun meter compute, and how? 3. Templates • Degif P. Banksira (UQAM), Regularities in Irregular Chaha Verbs • Jean-François Prunet (Kuwait University) & Ali Idrissi (UAE University), Overlapping Morphologies In Arabic Hypocoristics • Outi Bat El (Tel Aviv University), Staying Away From the Weak Left Edge: A Strengthening Strategy? • Noam Faust (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), The Modern Hebrew template tQuLa in light of Jean Lowenstamm’s work • Sophie Wauquier (Université Paris 8), Templates and Representations in Phonology: from Semitic to Child Language • Alain Kihm (CNRS & Université Paris 7), On templates 4. The Phonology-Syntax interface • Jonathan Kaye (Gorizia), The Ins and Outs of Phonology • David Embick (University of Pennsylvania) Phase Cycles, φ-Cycles, and Phonological (In)activity • Sabrina Bendjaballah (CNRS & Université Paris 7) & Martin Haiden (Université Lille 3), Sepp vs Paradigms • Mohamed Lahrouchi (CNRS & Université Paris 7) & Nicola Lampitelli (Université de Tours), On Plurals, Noun Phrase and Num(ber) in Moroccan Arabic and Djibouti Somali • Tobias Scheer (CNRS & Université de Nice), The Initial CV: Herald Of A NonDiacritic Interface Theory 9 5. Selected Issues in Afro-Asiatic (Morpho-)Syntax and Semantics • Jamal Ouhalla (Dublin), Causatives, Anticausatives And Lexicalization • Ur Shlonsky (Université de Genève), A note on labeling, Berber states and VSO order • Edit Doron (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), The Interpretation of ConstructState Morphology 10