Chapter 3 – the accounting information system E3-5 E3-6

2009

E3 ETHNICITY 2 E3. 2 Ethnic status in specific nations 3 E3. 2.1 Ethnic status in Australia 0 E3. 2.2 Ethnic status in Britain 1 E3. 2.3 Ethnic status in Canada 7 E3. 2.4 Ethnic status in Germany 2 E3. 2.5 Ethnic status in Hong Kong 0 E3. 2.6 Ethnic status in Kyrgystan 0 E3. 2.7 Ethnic status in The Netherlands 5 E3. 2.9 Ethnic status in Singapore 1 E3. 2.8 Ethnic status in Russia 1 E3. 2.10 Ethnic status in South Africa 7 E3. 2.11 Ethnic status in the USA 61 E3. 2.12 Ethnic status in (former) Yugoslavia 1 E3. 3 Ethnic status in regions 1 E3.

Phytotherapy Research, 2010

Cell metabolism, 2006

PGC-1beta is a transcriptional coactivator that potently stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration of cells. Here, we have generated mice lacking exons 3 to 4 of the Pgc-1beta gene (Pgc-1beta(E3,4-/E3,4-) mice). These mice express a mutant protein that has reduced coactivation activity on a subset of transcription factors, including ERRalpha, a major target of PGC-1beta in the induction of mitochondrial gene expression. The mutant mice have reduced expression of OXPHOS genes and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver and skeletal muscle as well as elevated liver triglycerides. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and insulin signaling studies show that PGC-1beta mutant mice have normal skeletal muscle response to insulin but have hepatic insulin resistance. These results demonstrate that PGC-1beta is required for normal expression of OXPHOS genes and mitochondrial function in liver and skeletal muscle. Importantly, these abnormalities do not cause insulin resistance in skeletal m...

Structure, 2006

The 9.5-megadalton human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) utilizes the specific dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)-binding protein (E3BP) to tether the essential E3 component to the 60-meric core of the complex. Here, we report crystal structures of the binding domain (E3BD) of human E3BP alone and in complex with human E3 at 1.6 Å and 2.2 Å, respectively. The latter structure shows that residues from E3BD contact E3 across its 2-fold axis, resulting in one E3BDbinding site on the E3 homodimer. Negligible conformational changes occur in E3BD upon its highaffinity binding to E3. Modifications of E3BD residues at the center of the E3BD/E3 interface impede E3 binding far more severely than those of residues on the periphery, validating the "hot spot" paradigm for protein interactions. A cluster of disease-causing E3 mutations located near the center of the E3BD/E3 interface prevents the efficient recruitment of these E3 variants by E3BP into the PDC, leading to the dysfunction of the PDC catalytic machine.

Pediatric Research, 2014

Background-Adults with the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) alleles e4 and e2 are at high risk of poor neurologic outcome after brain injury. The e4 allele has been associated with cerebral palsy and the e2 allele has been associated with worse neurologic outcome with congenital heart disease. This study was done to test the hypothesis that APOE genotype is associated with outcome among neonates who survive after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2010

SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene) (also known as RBX2 or ROC2) is a dual function protein with antioxidant activity while acting alone or E3 ligase activity when complexed with other components of SCF (Skp1-cullins-F box proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligases. SAG acts as a survival protein to inhibit apoptosis induced by a variety of stresses. Our recent work showed that SAG siRNA silencing sensitized cancer cells to radiation but the mechanism responsible remains elusive. Here we report that complete elimination of Sag expression via a gene trapping strategy significantly sensitized mouse embryonic stem cells to radiation with a SER (sensitizing enhancement rate) of 1.5-1.6. Radiosensitization was associated with increased steady-state levels of intracellular ROS (including superoxide) 24 h following irradiation as well as enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore Sag elimination abrogated IκBα degradation leading to inhibition of NFκB activation. Further detailed analysis revealed that I IκBα is a direct substrate of SAG-SCF βTrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that Sag elimination via gene disruption sensitizes ES cells to radiation-induced cell killing by mechanisms that involve increased steady-state levels of ROS and decreased activation of NFκB.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2006

Previous reports showed that 17beta-estradiol implants attenuate in vivo coronary hyperreactivity (CH), characterized by long-duration vasoconstrictions (in coronary angiographic experiments), in menopausal rhesus monkeys. Prolonged Ca2+ contraction signals that correspond with CH in coronary vascular muscle cells (VMC) to the same dual-constrictor stimulus, serotonin + the thromboxane analog U-46619, in estrogen-deprived VMC were suppressed by >72 h in 17beta-estradiol. The purpose of this study was to test whether an endogenous estrogen metabolite with estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) binding activity, estriol (E3), suppresses in vivo and in vitro CH. E3 treatment in vivo for 4 wk significantly attenuated the angiographically evaluated vasoconstrictor response to intracoronary serotonin + U-46619 challenge. In vitro treatment of rhesus coronary VMC for >72 h with nanomolar E3 attenuated late Ca2+ signals. This reduction of late Ca2+ signals also appeared after >72 h of tr...

BMC Genomics, 2009

Background: Cold storage is used to inhibit peach fruit ripening during shipment to distant markets. However, this cold storage can negatively affect the quality of the fruit when it is ripened, resulting in disorders such as wooliness, browning or leathering. In order to understand the individual and combined biological effects that factors such as cold storage and ripening have on the fruit and fruit quality, we have taken a comparative EST transcript profiling approach to identify genes that are differentially expressed in response to these factors.

In signal & system, designing and development of off-line and on-line estimator is the basic problem. The recent advancement in control system developed on-line frequency estimators in various operations. The complication in estimating unknown frequencies of a complex sinusoidal signal simultaneously is our basic research purpose. In our work, different estimators are analyzed on the basis of on-line estimation. The presented estimators ensure a continuous time on-line simultaneous frequency estimation, which guarantees global boundedness and convergence of the state and frequencies estimation for all initial

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2008

The mechanisms by which diet affects breast cancer (BC) risk are poorly understood but a positive relationship between fat and a negative association with fiber intake and BC risk have been demonstrated. Here we study the association between dietary fat/fiber ratio and estrogen metabolism. Fifty women were recruited, 22 were included in the low fat/high fiber and 22 were in the high fat/ low fiber and 6 did not meet our criteria. Estrogens (determined in plasma, urine and feces) and dietary records were collected during 3 following days. All data were collected in winter and in summer. The high fat/low fiber group had significantly higher urinary total estrogens, estriol-3glucuronide, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, and a higher 2-hydroxyestrone/4hydroxyestrone ratio. Total fat intake correlated significantly with plasma estrone, estradiol, urinary 2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio, and total urinary estrogens, even after adjustment for total fiber intake. The high fat/low fiber diet was associated with high values both for catechol and 16α-hydroxylated estrogens and a high 2-hydroxyestrone/4hydroxyestrone ratio, but 2-hydroxyestrone/16α-hydroxyestrone ratio was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that fat affects estrogen metabolism more than does fiber and that one mechanism resulting in high estrogen values is an increased reabsorption of biliary estrogens.