Papers by Anneloes L Van Baar
Frontiers in Psychology
Parental gender socialization refers to ways in which parents teach their children social expecta... more Parental gender socialization refers to ways in which parents teach their children social expectations associated with gender. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying gender socialization. An overview of cognitive and neural processes underlying parental gender socialization is provided. Regarding cognitive processes, evidence exists that parents’ implicit and explicit gender stereotypes, attitudes, and gendered attributions are implicated in gender socialization. Other cognitive factors, such as intergroup attitudes, gender essentialism, internal motivation for parenting without gender stereotypes, gender identity, and conflict resolution are theoretically relevant mechanisms underlying gender socialization, but need further investigation. Regarding neural processes, studies demonstrated that attentional processing, conflict monitoring, behavior regulation, and reward processing might underlie stereotypes and biased behavior. However, more research is necessary t...
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, May 20, 2022
Objective This study aimed to examine the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sympto... more Objective This study aimed to examine the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children of parents with cancer and to identify individual and family factors associated with these symptoms. Methods The sample consisted of 175 children (52% girls, aged M ¼ 11.98, SD ¼ 3.20, range ¼ 6-20 years) from 92 families, of which 90 parents with a current or past cancer diagnosis and 71 healthy co-parents also completed questionnaires. Children reported on PTSD symptoms, trauma-related cognitions, emotion regulation difficulties, general family functioning, and family communication. Both parents reported on their own PTSD symptoms. Associations were investigated using multilevel regression. Results Twenty-seven percentage of the children showed clinically relevant PTSD symptoms. Intraclass correlations indicated that children from the same family showed little overlap in these symptoms. Multilevel analyses showed that child trauma-related cognitions and emotion regulation difficulties were related to higher levels of PTSD symptoms at the individual level. General family functioning was only related to child PTSD symptoms at the family level. Child PTSD severity was unrelated to parental PTSD symptoms and family communication at the family level when taking into account the other factors. Conclusions The current study highlights the psychological impact of parental cancer on children. Individual factors contributed more strongly to child PTSD symptoms than family factors. Trauma-related cognitions and emotion regulation difficulties might be targeted through specific psychoeducation for children and parents, family-oriented support and interventions, and evidence-based treatments for child PTSD.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Jun 1, 2020
Objective Attention difficulties are commonly reported by caregivers in school-aged children born... more Objective Attention difficulties are commonly reported by caregivers in school-aged children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT; 32-36 weeks' gestation). We aimed to assess distinct aspects of attentional functioning (i.e. orienting, alerting and executive attention, processing speed and behavioral components) in children born MLPT and full term (FT), profiles of attentional functioning, and associated risk factors such as preterm birth. Methods Participants were 170 ( MLPT and 83 FT) children, evaluated on cognitive and behavioral attention aspects at 6 years of age. We used a variable-centered approach to compare attentional functioning of children born MLPT and FT at group level, and a person-centered approach to identify profiles of attentional functioning. Neonatal and demographic characteristics of these profiles were compared. The variable-centered approach showed that at group level children born MLPT had poorer orienting attention and processing speed, and behavioral attention than children born FT. The person-centered approach revealed four profiles: (a) normal attentional functioning, (b) overall poorer attention, (c) poorer cognitive attention, and (d) behavioral attention problems. Children born MLPT were overrepresented in each of the suboptimal attention profiles, and were more dispersed across profiles than children born FT. Conclusions Children born MLPT are at increased risk of difficulties in some attention aspects, but at group level differences with children born FT are small. However, children born MLPT show considerable variation in the nature of attention difficulties and are twice as likely to show a suboptimal attention profile, indicating a cumulation of poorer attention scores.
Elsevier eBooks, 2018
Abstract A general overview of instruments for the evaluation of the human newborn is presented, ... more Abstract A general overview of instruments for the evaluation of the human newborn is presented, with an emphasis on newborns with perinatal risk factors, notably preterm infants. The newborn infant represents a composite of its past fetal development, present characteristics, and potential for future development. Different types of assessments, that is, neurobehavioral, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological and their strengths and limitations, are described. In addition, the ability of these assessments to evaluate previous development, current functioning, and predict future outcome is discussed. Researchers planning new projects or studies aimed at newborns are provided in this chapter with some basic guidelines to allow them to choose their assessment instruments.
Journal of Child and Family Studies, Jan 14, 2023
Maternal prenatal distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) increases the risk for childho... more Maternal prenatal distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) increases the risk for childhood behavioral and emotional problems. So far, the potential role of maternal bonding in this association still needs further study. Maternal prenatal distress can affect the development of maternal bonding from pregnancy onwards. Maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding in turn have been shown to predict child behavioral functioning. We aimed to investigate whether maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding mediate the association between maternal prenatal distress and toddlers' internalizing and externalizing problems. Data from a Dutch prospective longitudinal sample (N = 666) were used to conduct single and multiple mediation models. Mothers reported prenatal anxiety (State Anxiety Inventory) and prenatal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 24 weeks' gestation and maternal prenatal bonding (Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale) at 32 weeks' gestation. At 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum mothers completed questionnaires to assess maternal postnatal bonding (Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale). Mothers reported child internalizing and externalizing problems (Child Behavior Checklist) at 28 months postpartum. Maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding mediated the link between maternal prenatal anxiety and child externalizing problems but not internalizing problems. Only maternal bonding 6 months postpartum mediated the link between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and child internalizing problems but not externalizing problems. Our study showed that maternal postnatal bonding more consistently mediated links between measures of maternal prenatal distress and child behavioral and emotional problems than maternal prenatal bonding. Interventions reducing maternal prenatal distress and promoting maternal bonding should be developed. Maternal anxiety • Maternal depression • Prenatal • Maternal bonding • Child behavioral and emotional problems Highlights • We examined whether maternal pre-and postnatal bonding mediated links between maternal prenatal distress and child behavioral problems * Jens Henrichs
BioMed Research International, 2018
The burden of health risk behaviour (HRB) among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in sub-Sahar... more The burden of health risk behaviour (HRB) among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is currently unknown. A systematic search for publications on HRB among ALWHIV in SSA was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts databases. Results were summarized following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed by the DerSimonian and Laird method and the pooled estimates were computed. Prevalence of current condom nonuse behaviour was at 59.8% (95% CI: 47.9-71.3%), risky sexual partnerships at 32.9% (95% CI: 15.4-53.2%), transactional sex at 20.1% (95% CI: 9.2-33.8%), and the experience of sexual violence at 21.4% (95% CI: 16.3-27.0%) among ALWHIV. From this meta-analysis, we did not find statistically significant differences in pooled estimates of HRB prevalence between ALWHIV and HIV uninfected adolescents. However, there was mixed evidence on the occurrence of alcohol and drug use behaviour. Overall, we found that research on HRB among ALWHIV tends to focus on behaviour specific to sexual risk. With such a high burden of HRB for the individuals as well as society, these findings highlight an unmet need for age-appropriate interventions to address the behavioural needs of these adolescents.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2020
Objective: To compare effects of immediate delivery vs expectant monitoring on neurodevelopmental... more Objective: To compare effects of immediate delivery vs expectant monitoring on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years of age in offspring of women with mild late preterm hypertensive disorders. Study design: We studied children born during the HYPITAT-II trial, in which 704 women with a hypertensive disorder between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation were randomized to immediate delivery or expectant monitoring. Participating women were asked to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for developmental outcome and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for behavioral problems when their child was 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years old. Outcomes were dichotomized and analyzed by logistic regression analysis. We also assessed factors influencing development and behavior at both 2 and 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years after a hypertensive pregnancy. Results: Five years after the original study 322(46%) women were contacted for follow-up, of whom 148 (46%) responded. In the delivery group 22%(n = 14/65) of the children had an abnormal ASQ score compared to 21% (n = 13/62) in the expectant monitoring group (p = 0.9). Abnormal CBCL-scores were found in 19% (n = 14/72) of the children in the delivery group versus in 27% (n = 20/75) in the expectant monitoring group (p = 0.3). The main predictor of development and behavior at 2 and 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years was fetal growth restriction (for abnormal development OR 2.1, CI 1.0-4.4; for behavior problems OR 2.2, CI 1.1-5.5). Higher maternal education decreased abnormal behavior outcomes (OR 0.5, CI 0.2-0.9) and a similar tendency was observed for developmental problems (OR 0.6, CI 0.3 -1.1). We did not find different developmental and behavior outcomes at 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years of age between a management policy of immediate delivery and expectant management in preterm hypertensive disorders. The increased risk of developmental delay at 2 years of age after immediate delivery, we found in the 2 year follow up study, did not persist at 5 [ 1 2 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] years of age.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aug 1, 2019
Neonatal developmental and behavioral outcomes of immediate delivery versus expectant monitoring ... more Neonatal developmental and behavioral outcomes of immediate delivery versus expectant monitoring in mild hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: 2-year outcomes of the HYPITAT-II trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 221(2), Article ARTN 154.e1-11.
BMJ Open, Sep 1, 2021
Introduction Preterm birth is one of the main problems in obstetrics, and the most important caus... more Introduction Preterm birth is one of the main problems in obstetrics, and the most important cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity and neurodevelopmental impairment. Multiple gestation is an important risk factor for preterm birth, with up to 50% delivering before 37 weeks. Progesterone has a role in maintaining pregnancy and is frequently prescribed to prevent (recurrent) preterm birth and improve pregnancy outcomes in high-risk patients. However, little is known about its long-term effects in multiple gestations. The objective of this follow-up study is to assess long-term benefits and harms of prenatal exposure to progesterone treatment in multiple gestations on child development. Methods and analysis This is a follow-up study of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial (AMPHIA trial, ISRCTN40512715). Between 2006 and 2009 women with a multiple gestation were randomised at 16-20 weeks of gestation to weekly injections 250 mg 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo, until 36 weeks of gestation or delivery. The current long-term follow-up will assess all children (n=1355) born to mothers who participated in the AMPHIA trial, at 11-14 years of age, with internationally validated questionnaires, completed by themselves, their parents and their teachers. Main outcomes are child cognition and behaviour Additional outcomes are death (perinatal and up to age 14), gender identity, educational performance and health-related problems. We will use intention-to-treat analyses comparing experimental and placebo group. To adjust for the correlation between twins, general linear mixed-effects models will be used. Ethics and dissemination Amsterdam UMC MEC provided a waiver for the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (W20_234#20.268). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and summaries shared with stakeholders, patients and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results. Trial registration number NL8933. BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053066 on
Infant mental health journal, Aug 20, 2019
Since disturbances in the mother-child bond increase the risk of negative consequences for child ... more Since disturbances in the mother-child bond increase the risk of negative consequences for child development, it is important to identify risk and protective factors for bonding as well as longitudinal associations. Previous research has used different bonding instruments during pregnancy and the postnatal phase, leading to inconsistent results. In the current study, the same instrument was used during the various phases. In a large, community-based sample (N = 793), general information, feelings of pre-and postnatal bonding (Pre-and Postnatal Bonding Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and partner support (subscale Tilburg Pregnancy/Postnatal Distress Scale) were measured at both 32 weeks of pregnancy and 8 months postnatally. Partner support was found to be a protective factor for suboptimal pre-and postnatal bonding, as was the engagement with fetal movements for prenatal bonding. High maternal educational level was a risk factor for suboptimal prenatal bonding, as were depressive symptoms for suboptimal postnatal bonding. The associations between most prenatal determinants and postnatal bonding were mediated by prenatal bonding, which underlines the importance of promoting prenatal bonding. Professionals in clinical practice should be aware of partner support, engagement with fetal movements, and postnatal depressive symptoms: All these factors offer opportunities for improving the bonding processes. K E Y W O R D S mediation, postnatal bonding, Pre-and Postnatal Bonding Scale (PPBS), prenatal bonding, risk factors, protective factors
Frontiers in Psychology
IntroductionChildren born moderately to late preterm (MLP) are more prone to psychosocial difficu... more IntroductionChildren born moderately to late preterm (MLP) are more prone to psychosocial difficulties than their term-born counterparts. Maternal negative affectivity (NA)–a relatively stable personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience negative thoughts, feelings and emotions–has been related to more psychosocial problems in their offspring, and to a lower quality of mother–child interactions. As MLP children seem more sensitive to their early caregiving environment, they might be more affected by maternal NA and interaction style than their term-born peers. The current study investigated whether maternal NA predicted child’s psychosocial outcomes through quality of mother–child interaction, and if these associations differed between MLP and term-born children.MethodsThe sample consisted of 108 MLP and 92 term-born children and their mothers. At 18 months corrected age, maternal NA was measured using a self-report questionnaire and mother–child interaction was obs...
Hogeschool Windesheim, Apr 1, 2014
Wetenschappers delen hun kennis graag met basisscholen, maar dat is niet altijd makkelijk. Dit bo... more Wetenschappers delen hun kennis graag met basisscholen, maar dat is niet altijd makkelijk. Dit boek geeft een voorbeeld van een bezoek aan een school en hoe je onderzoekend en ontwerpend leren rond een bepaald thema (hoe rivieren patronen in het landschap vormen) kunt opzetten
Parenting, 2021
Objective. Parental support, stimulation, positive discipline, and structure are all important fo... more Objective. Parental support, stimulation, positive discipline, and structure are all important for social-emotional adjustment of toddlers and preschoolers. However, less is known about the relative importance of these positive parenting practices. The current crosssectional study examines the associations between positive parenting practices and child social-emotional difficulties in relation to child age and parental gender. Design. 446 Dutch families (446 mothers, M age = 33.51 years; 446 fathers, M age = 35.63 years) rearing a child (46.9% boys) between 17 and 48 months of age (M age = 31. ) participated. Parents reported on their own positive parenting practices, and mothers reported on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors as an indication of social-emotional difficulties. Results. Increased support from both mothers and fathers, and maternal provision of structure are associated with lower levels of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Positive discipline from both mothers and fathers, however, is related to higher levels of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and stimulation from both mothers and fathers is unrelated to either. These associations are not moderated by child age and are similar for mothers and fathers, except maternal structure is linked to lower levels of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, whereas paternal structure is unrelated to child social-emotional difficulties. Conclusions. The present study underscores the significance of investigating the effects of multiple positive parenting practices simultaneously and calls for involving both mothers and fathers in parenting programs.
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Papers by Anneloes L Van Baar