The Nippur Library

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The Nippur Library

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A study of the archaeology of the so-called Nippur Library including the publication of a manuscript written by H.V. Geere and C.S. Fisher who helped excavate the Library in Season 4 at Nippur. Also included is a catalogue of just over 1000 tablets identified in the CBS Catalogue as having come from the 'Library'. The paper will shortly be published in the forthcoming edition of al-Rafidian.

Figures (78)

igure 2: A relief plan of Nippur preparec in the early 1860s [after Collingwood 1862].

Figure 1: A view of the mounds at Nippur drawn by Collingwood in the early 1860s [after Collingwooc 1862]. 1 1849 and 1850 W.K. Loftus and A.H. Layard [1853, 11: 556-562] excavated at Nippur, but found ttle other than a few stamped bricks and a number of glazed coffin burials. The first illustration nd plan of the mounds was published in 1862 by a young Indian Navy officer, W. Collingwood Figures 1 and 2)”. The Wolfe Expedition visited Nippur in January 1885 [Peters 1897, i: 326-327] nd four years later excavations funded by philanthropist donors in Philadelphia opened excavations t the site under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania and direction of J.S. Peters [1897].

Season One (1889) HIGGS VYVLIIUNY ULIUIDL ULI ULL Ui LVEIWNWIUY WI OVIL Lbyew ALi ot ENEMA MELE): NiVovit aU I: Excavations on Mound V have been conducted in the course of five seasons of work in 1889; 1890; 1899-1900; 1948-52 and 1985 with the general results summarised by Gibson ef al. [1998—2001: 549, 550 and 562]. This study focuses on the results of the first four seasons of work (1889, 1890 and 1889—1900) on Mound V.

By the end of February 1889 Peters’ entries in his Dig Diary are scarce (there are no reference in his personal diary) and references to excavations in Mound V become rare. However, in earl March the entries become fuller. On the 2" of March Peters recorded that in Trench V.A a structure with doors, of unbaked brick covered in yellow stucco was found [ibid., 83-4] and in one roor were found some tablets [ibid., 84]. Further excavations in this structure using tunnelling found furthe tablets [ibid., 89]. A well was found in V.B and in the rubbish fill a tablet [ibid]. By the 3" c March the works in Trenches V.A, V.B and V.C had to be modified to allow the workmen an acces route to dump soil [ibid., 94]. Excavations continued in Trenches V.A, V.B and V.C revealing mor burials of various sorts and layers of ash. By the 11 of March Trench V.A was 3—4 meters dee and burials in urns and tubs were still being uncovered [ibid., 110-1], while in trench V.B. th excavations were by then 5 meters below the surface of the mound, and a double pot burial found [ibid 111-2].

A Deep Trench on Tabjet Hill (V.), showing constructions of Nerxes's time above, and remains of 2000 B,C. below,

Figure 8: The previously unpublished plan of the excavation trenches on Mound V made during the Season II at Nippur (UoPMA, M-22-1, no.20).

Figure 10: The published photograph of structures excavated on Mound V during Season II [after Peters 1897, ii, opposite page 202]. 11) This is Mound X where the bulk of the Kassite texts found at Nippur were found. On the 12" of April in an isolated entry Peters records that ‘We have run some seven sounding trenches at various points on this hill (i.e. Mound V), and are finding a few tablets in the gully right south of V.1” [ibid., 194]. A week later on the 19" of April Peters noted makes his final note on the excavations at Mound V noting that ‘After some fruitless soundings this hill (i.e. Mound V) abandoned’ [Peters 1890, ii: 9]. In parallel excavations on Mound X were producing so many tablets that on the 26" of April Peters recorded that ‘for four days they (i.e. tablets) were brought in by the boxfull, faster that we could handle them’ [ibid., 15]. The finde reoicter licte cqgme 3267 niisc tahlete fram Mound V However the CRS reoicter which

Gradually the scattered gangs of workers were concentrated on two parts of the mounds, and two areas (now shown on sheets A and B) were cleared down to a low level. In both these areas were found remains of walls — generally very low — built of crude bricks, which as the surrounding earth was cleared away began to group themselves into a series of connected chambers. Tablets were found in considerable numbers, and in the third week in February the great find of tablets in the East section took place, which established the character of the buildings almost beyond doubt.

Figure 13: Structures on Mound V in Photo no. 179 discussed by Geere and Fisher in their paper.

Figure 15: A further photograph of structures on Mound V (photo no. 177). It is not discussed by Geere and Fisher, but shows more examples of the sorts of structures they recorded. The washings falling into the rooms in a stream of liquid mud would gradually coat the tablets over and cement them in to just such a mass as they were found (notably in Room 18). Thus the tablets would gradually be covered sufficiently to protect them from further damage when the roof eventually crumbled and fell in on the chambers; and the subsequent accumulation of debris would be so gradual that the tablets would not suffer by its growth.

Figure 16: Trench 1, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 11 December 1899 (UoPMA M-23-3, no. 9). A set of finished drawings of the trenches and in some cases sections through them and apparently intended for publication (which did not happen) were prepared by H.V. Geere at Nippur. These drawings are now in the UoMPA (Figures 16—27 below). The drawings illustrate a number of points. Most basically they demonstrate that there were at least 37 trenches on Mound V. They also show the sheer scale of the excavations. Several list the cubic metres of earth that were excavated from each trench and many show the steps cut by the workmen to allow access to the trenches as they descended. Only one plan shows the findspots of tablets — Trench 22 (Figure 22).

Figure 18: Trenches 4 and 5 with section, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 19% January 1900 (UoPMA M-23-3, no. 26).

Figure 19: Trenches 6—9, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 19 February 1900 (UoPMA M-23-4, no. 10).

Figure 20: Trenches 12—14, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 31 January 1900 (UoPMA M-23-3, no. 17).

Figure 21: Trenches 15 and 16, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 13 February 1900 (UoPMA M-23-4, no. 6).

Figure 22: Trenches 21-25, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 20 January 1900 (UoPMA M-23-3, no. 34).

Figure 23: Trenches 26-28, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 6 February 1900 (UoPM- M-23-3, no. 35).

Figure 24: Trenches 29-32, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 6 February 1900 (UoPMA M- 23-3, no. 36).

Figure 26: Trenches 33-37, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 7 February 1900 (UoPMA M-23-4, no. 1). Figure 25: A water course in Trench no. 32, Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 7 February 1900 (UoPMA M- 23-3, no. 38).

Figure 27: A corbel tomb on Mound V, Season IV. Drawn by H.V. Geere 17 January 1900 (UoPMA M-23-3, no. 24). Subsequent excavations on Mound V With the unfortunate Peters/ Hilprecht argument running, interest in further excavations at Nippur disappeared. However, visitors did travel to the site. In 1904 Edgar J. Banks, on his way back from his season at Bismaya (Adab) visited Nippur. He described the site. He wrote that while ‘The sandstorms at Bismaya would fill our deepest trenches in a single night, but at Nippur the trenches were as empty and as clean as they had been left years before. The court of columns (i.e. Trench I) seemed as if it had just been excavated’ [Banks 1912: 358]. Hall saw Nippur in 1919 and was struck by the scale of the remains [ 930: 63-4]. He was equally struck by the evidence of the excavation techniques that had been used at Nippur. He wrote that the excavated remains of the temple gave ‘a good idea of the complicated its undercut mining-galleries, its corrid type of excavation followed by the American diggers, with ors and tunnels, its earth-cut steps for the workmen, its arches to support higher strata that it was desired to preserve, and so forth. It looks rather like a cross between a Kimberley diamond mine and a fan astic gnome’s castle of Sime’s~” devising’ [ibid., 64]. An aerial photograph of Nippur taken by an RAF pilot in 1930, 30 years after the excavations With the unfortunate Peters/ Hilprecht argument running, interest in further excavations at Nippur

Appendix A: List of the tablets (with joins) listed in the CBS catalogue as having come from Tablet Hill. The list includes a summary bibliography for each tablet.

RĀFI DĀN Vol .XXXVI I2016 AL- 1 THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE Ti m CLAYDEN*1) I nt r o duc t i o n I n1 8 4 9a n d1 8 5 0W. K.Lo f t u sa n dA. H.La y a r d[ 1 8 5 3,i i :5 5 6–5 6 2]e x c a v a t e da tNi p p u r ,b u tf o u n d l i t t l eo t h e rt h a naf e ws t a mp e db r i c k sa n dan umb e ro fg l a z e dc o f f i nb u r i a l s .Th ef i r s ti l l u s t r a t i o n a n dp l a no ft h emo u n d swa sp u b l i s h e di n1 8 6 2b yay o u n gI n d i a nNa v yo f f i c e r ,W.Co l l i n g wo o d 2) .Th eWo l f eEx p e d i t i o nv i s i t e dNi p p u ri nJ a n u a r y1 8 8 5[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7,i :3 2 6–3 2 7] ( Fi g u r e s1a n d2) a n df o u ry e a r sl a t e re x c a v a t i o n sf u n d e db yp h i l a n t h r o p i s td o n o r si nPh i l a d e l p h i ao p e n e de x c a v a t i o n s 3) . a tt h es i t eu n d e rt h ea u s p i c e so ft heUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s yl v a n i aa ndd i r e c t i o no fJ . S.Pe t e r s[ 1 8 9 7] Fi gur e1:Av i e woft hemoundsatNi ppurdr awnbyCol l i ngwoodi nt hee ar l y1860s[ af t e rCol l i ngwood 1862] . fFe b r u a r y1 8 8 9e x c a v a t i o n s On Tu e s d a yt h e1 2th o b e g a na tNi p p u ro namo u n dt ot h es o u t he a s to ft h ez i g g u r a t a n dt e mp l ec o mp l e xo ft h eg r e a tTe mp l eo fEn l i l ,t h eé . k u r . Twot r e n c h e swe r eo p e n e do ne i t h e rs i d eo ft h en o r t h e r n t i po ft h emo u n d .I nTr e n c h‘ X’ , i na d d i t i o nt oa na s s o r t me n t o fp o t t e r yv e s s e l s ,‘ af e wi n s c r i b e df r a gme n t so fu n b a k e d c l a yt a b l e t s ’we r ef o u n d[ Pe t e r s1 8 8 9:2 8] .Th i se x c a v a t i o n a n dt h e s et a b l e t sp r o v i d e dt h ef i r s te v i d e n c eo fwh a twa s t ob e c omet h es o u r c eo ft e n so ft h o u s a n d so ft a b l e t so rt a b l e t f r a g me n t swh i c hh a v ema d eaf u n d a me n t a lc o n t r i b u t i o nt o s o p o t a mi a n l i t e r a t u r e a n d o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f Me l a n g u a g e s .I twa sa l s ot h es o u r c eo fg r e a tc o n t r o v e r s y . I nt h ed e c a d et h a tf o l l o we dt h e1 8 8 9s e a s o nf u r t h e r e x t e n s i v ee x c a v a t i o n swe r ec o n d u c t e do nt h es a memo u n d i c hb e c a mek n o wnv a r i o u s l ya sMo u n dI V( Hi l p r e c h t ’ s Fi gur e2:Ar e l i e fpl anofNi ppurpr e par e d wh p u b l i c a t i o n s ) , Mo u n d V ( P e t e r s ’ p u b l i c a t i o n s ) , ‘ T a b l e t H i l l ’ i n t he e ar l y 1860s [ af t e r ( Hi l p r e c h ta n dt h eC Sc a t a l o g u e–l a r g e l yc omp l e t e db y Col l i ngwood1862] . * Wo l f s o nCo l l e g e ,Un i v e r s i t yo fOx f o r d ,Li n t o nRo a d ,Ox f o r d ,OX26UD,U. K. 1) Ia mve r ygr a t e f ulf ort hes uppor tAl e xPe z z a t ia tt heUni ve r s i t yofPe nns yl va ni aMu s e u mAr c hi ve s( UoPMA)ha sgi ve nmet hr oug hout t hel ongge ne s i soft hi spa pe r .Fi gur e s4,5,8–10a nd13–27;t e xtoft heGe e r ea ndFi s he rr e por t ;a ndquot a t i onsf r o mt he1889–1900 Ni ppure xc a va t i ona r c hi ve sa r epubl i s he dbyt hege ne r ousc our t e s yoft heUoPMA.Ia ma l s og r a t e f u lt oDrRi c h a r dZe t t l e rwh o e nc our a ge dmea tt heout s e toft hi spr oj e c t .Pr of e s s orA.We s t e nhol zga vemet r e nc ha ntc o mme nt swhi c hwe r ene e de da ndwhi c h c ons i de r a bl yi mp r ove dt hepa pe re ve nt houghhedoe snota gr e ewi t hs o meofmyc omme nt s .DrJ .Pe t e r s onwa sve r yhe l pf uli n pr ovi di ngi nf or ma t i onont heda t ea ndt ypeoft het a bl e t s .Al lt hee r r or soff a c ta ndj udge me ntt ha tundoubt e dl yr e ma i na r emy r e s pons i bi l i t y . 2) A s ma l ls e l e c t i onofLt .Col l i ngwood’ spe r s ona le f f e c t si nc l udi ngac opyoft hi sma pwe r es ol da tSot he by’ si nLondonon30 Apr i l2015,L15401,Lotnu mb e r154. 3) Se eKukl i c k1996:25–34f oras u mma r yoft hee ve nt sl e a di ngupt ot hef i r s te xpe di t i ont oNi ppur . 2 Ti m CLAYDEN Hi l p r e c h t )o rt h e‘ Te mp l eLi b r a r y ’( Hi l p r e c h t ’ sp u b l i c a t i o n s ) .I nt h i swo r kIu s eMo u n dV. Pe t e r sh a dh o p e dt of i n dal i b r a r yc omp a r a b l et ot h o s ee x c a v a t e db yLa y a r d ,Ra s s a ma n dSmi t h a tNi n e v e h[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7,i :1 0 7a n d1 0 9] . Hewa sn o tc o n v i n c e dt h a th eh a dd o n es o . Th e d i s t i n g u i s h e dAs s y r i o l o g i s tH. V.Hi l p r e c h t( wh owa same mb e ro ft h ef i r s te x p e d i t i o na n da d v i s e r t h e r e a f t e r ) , h o we v e r , wa sc e r t a i nt h a ta‘ Te mp l eLi b r a r y ’h a db e e nd i s c o v e r e d , a n dwi t h i nt h r e emo n t h s o ft h et e r mi n a t i o no ft h e1 9 0 0s e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n sh ema d ep u b l i ch i sv i e w[ Hi l p r e c h t1 9 0 0] . Hi l p r e c h tf o r ma l l yp u b l i s h e d[ 1 9 0 3:3 0 9,4 4 5a n d5 0 8–3 2]h i sc l a i mt oh a v ei d e n t i f i e da n de n s u r e d t h ee x c a v a t i o no ft h e‘ Te mp l eLi b r a r ya n dp r i e s ts c h o o lo fNi p p u r ’[ i b i d . ,5 0 8] .Hema i n t a i n e dt h a t h eh a dd o n es od e s p i t ePe t e r s ’f a i l i n g s ,i nt e r mso fh i ss k i l l sa sa ne x c a v a t o ra n dwi l l i n g n e s st o a c c e p tt h ea d v i c eo fh i sAs s y r i o l o g i s t–Hi l p r e c h t .Hec h a r a c t e r i s e dt h ed i s c o v e r ya s‘ o n eo ft h e mo s tf a rr e a c h i n gAs s y r i o l o g i c a ld i s c o v e r i e so ft h ewh o l el a s tc e n t u r y ’[ i b i d . ,5 0 8] .Pe t e r s[ 1 9 0 3] i mme d i a t e l yp u b l i s h e dab i t t e rr e v i e wo fHi l p r e c h t ’ s[ 1 9 0 3]b o o k .Hef o l l o we dt h i swi t hh i sa c c o u n t o ft h ed i s c o v e r yo ft h e‘ Ni p p u rLi b r a r y ’[ Pe t e r s1 9 0 5]a n dt h ep u b l i cd i s p u t eb e t we e nt h et wome n 4) . r a nu n t i l1 9 1 0r e s o l v i n gn o t h i n ga n dr u i n i n gb o t ht h e i rc a r e e r s Th eo n ec l e a rp o i n ti nt h es i t u a t i o nwa st h a tal a r g en umb e ro ft a b l e t sh a db e e ne x c a v a t e df r om t h emo u n dt ot h es o u t hwe s to ft h et e mp l ec omp l e x .J u s th o w ma n yc a n n o tn o wb ev e r i f i e da st h e s u r v i v i n gr e c o r d so ft h ee x c a v a t i o n so ft h ef i r s tf o u rs e a s o n so fwo r ka tNi p p u r( 1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0)a r e i n s u f f i c i e n t l yd e t a i l e d . Fu r t h e rt h et a b l e t swe r es u b j e c tt oad i v i s i o nb e t we e nt h et h e nOt t oma n 5) a n dt h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a ,Un i v e r s i t yMu s e u m;a n do t h e r sg i v e nt oHi l p r e c h t a u t h o r i t i e s 6) n n e y[ 2 0 1 0] b yt h e Ot t o ma na d mi n i s t r a t i o na n dn o wh o u s e di n Th e Un i v e r s i t yo fJ e n a . Ti s u g g e s t st h a to v e r a l lb e t we e n1 8 8 9a n d1 9 0 0at o t a lo f4 5–5 00 0 0t a b l e t swe r ee x c a v a t e df r omv a r i o u s mo u n d sa tNi p p u rwi t hc .2 0 0 0e x c a v a t e di nSe a s o nI ;c .8 0 0 0i nSe a s o nI I ;c .2 10 0 0i nSe a s o n I I I ;a n dc .2 30 0 0i nSe a s o nI V.Pr e c i s e l yh o w ma n yo ft h e s ewe r er e c o v e r e df r om Mo u n dV wa s n o tr e c o r d e d . Ai ms Th i sp a p e rh a st wo a i ms . Fi r s t l y ,t h r o u g hr e v i e wo ft h ea v a i l a b l er e c o r d so ft h e1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0 e x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dV,t op r o v i d es u c hi n f o r ma t i o nt h a ti sa v a i l a b l ef o rt h ea r c h a e o l o g i c a lc o n t e x t s o ft h ee x c a v a t e dt a b l e t s .Th i si n c l u d e st h ef i r s tp u b l i c a t i o no ft h er e p o r tp r e p a r e db yC. S.Fi s h e r a n dH. V.Ge e r e ,b o t hp r e s e n td u r i n gt h e1 9 0 0s e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p u r ,o nt h e‘ Th eTe mp l e Li b r a r y ’ .Th ewo r kc omp l e t e di ne a c hr e l e v a n ts e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n si se x a mi n e ds e p a r a t e l y .Th e s e c o n da i mi st h ep r e s e n t a t i o no fac a t a l o g u e( Ap p e n d i xA)o ft a b l e t sb a s e do nt h eCBSCa t a l o g u e a n dp u b l i s h e ds o u r c e swh i c hwe r ei d e n t i f i e da sc omi n gf r o mt h e‘ t e mp l eLi b r a r y ’ .Wh i l s t b o t hs o u r c e s a r es u s p e c t ,t h e yma yp r o v i d ep oi nt e r st oma t e r i a lt h a twa sf o u n di nMo u n dV. So ur c e s Th er e c o r do ft h e1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0e x c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p u rc o n s i s t so ft h ep u b l i s h e dma t e r i a l[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7; Hi l p r e c h t1 9 0 3:5 0 8–3 2]c omp l e me n t e db yv a r i o u sd i gd i a r i e sa n df i n d sc a t a l o g u e sf o rs e a s o n sI a n dI I ;l e t t e r sf r om t h ee x c a v a t i o nd i r e c t o rf o rs e a s o n sI I Ia n dI Va n dac o u p l eo fma n u s c r i p t swr i t t e n b yC. S. Fi s h e ra n dH. V. Ge e r ei n c l u d i n go n ep u b l i s h e db e l o w.Th e r ea r ea l s oan umb e ro fp h o t o g r a p h s 4) Thet oneoft hepubl i cdi s c us s i onbe t we e nme mb e r soft heNi ppure xpe di t i onwa ss e tbyHa r pe r ’ s[ 1897]r e vi e wofPe t e r s ’publ i c a t i on ofhi swor ka tNi ppur[ 1897]i nwhi c hHa r pe rl a me nt e dt hewa s hi ngofe xpe di t i ondi r t yl i ne ni npubl i c .Foraf ul la c c ountoft he Hi l pr e c ht Pe t e r sDi s put es e eKuc kl i c k1996:123–40;s e eHi l pr e c ht1908f orhi ss t a t e me ntoft hema t t e ra n dMc Cl e l l a n[ 1908]a nd Ra da u[ 1908]f orpe r s ona lvi e ws .Se ea l s ot her e por t si nt heNe w Yor kTi me s[ 1900,1902a nd1910] . 5) Foras u mma r yoft hema t e r i a lhe l di nI s t a nbul ,mu c hofwhi c hr e ma i nsunpubl i s he d,s e eKr a us[ 1947:107–1 15] .Kr a us[ i b i d . , 107]s t a t e st ha tt heNi ppurt a bl e t si nt hec ol l e c t i ont ot a lc i r c a17000ofwhi c h25% ( 4300)we r eKa s s i t e[ i b i d . ,1 10] .Ot he rl a r ge gr oupsi nc l ude dc .2500s c hoolt e xt s[ i bi d. ,1 12] ,c .1200l i t e r a r yf r a g me nt s[ i bi d. ,1 14] ,c .1 100UrI I Id o c u me n t s[ i b i d . ,109]a nd 480Ne oBa byl oni a nt e xt s[ i bi d. ,1 10] . 6) Se eWe s t e nhol z[ 1975a :1–3]f oradi s c us s i onoft hel a c kofaf i r m pr ove na nc e ,be yondNi ppur ,f ort het a bl e t s . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 3 t a k e na tv a r i o u st i me sd u r i n gt h ee x c a v a t i o n s . Th ema t e r i a li sn o wh e l da tt h eUn i v e r s i t yo f Pe n n s y l v a n i a ,Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e u m Ar c h i v e s . Ex c a v a t i o nsa tMo undV Be t we e n1 8 8 9a n d1 9 9 0Ni p p u rwa st h es u b j e c to ft we n t yt h r e es e a s o n so fe x c a v a t i o n s[ Gi b s o ne t 7) a s o n sI – I V,1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0,we r ec o n d u c t e du n d e rt h ea u s p i c e so ft h e a l .1 9 9 9–2 0 0 1:5 4 6–6 5].Se 8) .Th el a s ts e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o nwa si n1 9 9 0a n df u r t h e rwo r kh a sb e e n Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a p r e v e n t e db ywa r sa n dt h ed a n g e r o u ss e c u r i t yc o n d i t i o n s .Wo r ko nt h er e s u l t so fe a r l i e re x c a v a t i o n s h a sc o n t i n u e du n d e rt h ed i r e c t i o no fMc Gu i r eGi b s o n[ s e emo s tr e c e n t l yGi b s o n2 0 0 9] . Ex c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dV h a v eb e e nc o n d u c t e di nt h ec o u r s eo ff i v es e a s o n so fwo r ki n1 8 8 9; 1 8 9 0;1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0;1 9 4 8–5 2a n d1 9 8 5 wi t ht h eg e n e r a lr e s u l t ss umma r i s e db y Gi b s o ne ta l . [ 1 9 9 8–2 0 0 1:5 4 9,5 5 0a n d5 6 2] .Th i ss t u d yf o c u s e so nt h er e s u l t so ft h ef i r s tf o u rs e a s o n so fwo r k ( 1 8 8 9,1 8 9 0a n d1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0)o nMo u n dV. Se a s o nOne( 1 8 8 9) Pe t e r ss umma r i s e dt h er e s u l t so fh i sf i r s ts e a s o no fwo r ko nMo u n d Vn o t i n gt h a t‘ Hi l lV( i . e . Mo u n dV)wa so n eo ft h emo s ts a t i s f a c t o r y h i l l sa twh i c hwewo r k e d ,a n dt h eo n l yo n ef r om wh i c h ,d u r i n g t h ef i r s ty e a rwet o o ka n ya n t i q u i t i e so fv a l u e .I twa sa na l mo s t t r i a n g u l a rh i l la tt h es o u t he a s t e r ne n do ft h emo u n d s ,o p p o s i t et h e t e mp l e , a n da ti t sh i g h e s tp o i n t ,wh i c hwa st o wa r dt h en o r t h e r nn o s e , f o u r t e e nme t r e sa b o v ep l a i nl e v e l ,o rt h es a meh e i g h ta st h eg r e a t o u t e rwa l lo ft h et e mp l e ’[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7,i i :1 9 7]a n dt h a t‘ Th ev e r y f i r s tt r i a lt r e n c h e swh i c hwer a ni nt h en o r t hwe s t e r nn o s eo ft h i s h i l lwe r eas u c c e s s. . .I nt h eo t h e rt r e n c hwef o u n d ,q u i t ec l o s et o t h es u r f a c e ,f i f t e e nt a b l e t sf r o mt h er e i g no fSa ms ui l u n a ,Ki n go f Ba b y l o n ,Cy r u st h eGr e a t ,a n dCa mb y s e s ,a swe l la sar o u n dt a b l e t o fv e r ya r c h a i cc h a r a c t e rb e a r i n gt h en a me so ff o u ra n c i e n tk i n g s o fNi p p u r .I nt h a tn o s eo ft h eh i l lwef o u n dt a b l e t sa ta l ld e p t h s , a n df o rt h emo s tp a r tmi x e di nwi t hg r a v e sa n df u n e r a lp o t t e r y .Ne a r t h eh i g h e s tp a r to ft h emo u n dwes a n kawe l li nt h ef l o o ro fa Fi g u r e3:Th ep u b l i s h e di l l u s t r a t i o n of t he l ay out of t he r o o mo ft h eXe r x e sp e r i o dd o wnt h r o u g hma s s e so fd e b r i sa n dr u b b l e t r e nc he sonMoundVat t op l a i nl e v e l ,wh i c hwa st h i r t e e nme t r e sb e n e a t ht h es u r f a c ea t t h e e n d of S e as on I t h a tp o i n t .Th i swe l lwa sr e a c h e db yad e e p ,o p e nt r e n c hf r om t h e [ af t e r Pe t e r s 1897,i i : n o r t h we s t ,wi t ht u n n e l sr u no u ta tv a r i o u sp o i n t si nt h es i d e s ,a n d oppos i t e194] . af u r t h e re x i tb yt u n n e lt ot h es o u t h we s t ’[ i b i d . ] .Th et r e n c h e sa t t h ee n do ft h es e a s o nwe r ep l o t t e do nap l a s t e rc a s tmo d e lo ft h es i t e( Fi g u r e3) . Pe t e r sa s s i g n e dt h en umb e r sV. Aa n dV. X.t oh i sf i r s tt wot r e n c h e so nMo u n dV [ 1 8 8 9:2 8] . Th et r e n c h e sl a yo nak n o l lo nt h en o r t hwe s t e r ne n do fMo u n dV [ i b i d . ] .Th ee v e n ti sr e c o r d e d b r u a r y[ 1 8 9 7,i :2 4 6–7]a n d1 5thFe b r u a r y[ i b i d . , b r i e f l yi nPe t e r s ’p e r s o n a ld i a r yi ne n t r i e sf o r1 4thFe 2 4 8]n o t i n go n l yt h a tt a b l e t sh a db e e nf o u n d .A v e r yr u d i me n t a r yd i a g r a mi nt h ed i gd i a r y[ Pe t e r s 1 8 8 9:2 8]s h o wst h er e l a t i v el o c a t i o n s( Fi g u r e4. a – d ) .Mo r ed e t a i l e dd r a wi n g so fs omeo ft h et r e n c h e s a l s oa p p e a rt oh a v eb e e np r e p a r e di na n t i c i p a t i o no fb e i n gp u b l i s h e d , b u t n e v e rwe r ea n di n s t e a dr e ma i n i nt h eUo MP Aa n da r ep u b l i s h e dh e r ef o rt h ef i r s tt i me( Fi g u r e5) .Th e ys h o ws omed e t a i l ,b u td o 7) Se eBe r gs t e i ne tal .[ 1992]f oraNi ppurbi bl i ogr a phy . 8) Se a s onsI I I( 1889–90)we r ec onduc t e d unde rt heDi r e c t i on ofJ . P .Pe t e r s ;Se a s on I I I( 1893–1896)di r e c t e d by Pe t e r sf r o m Phi l a de l phi a ,butc onduc t e dbyJ .Ha yne sa tNi ppur ;Se a s onI Vc onduc t e dbyHa yne sa nddi r e c t e dbyHi l pr e c htwhowa spr e s e nt a tNi ppurf ort hef i na lt womo nt hsoft hee xc a va t i ons . 4 Ti m CLAYDEN n o tc o n t a i n mu c ht h a th e l p s u n d e r s t a n dwh a twa se x c a v a t e d . Th o u g h t a b l e t s we r e f o u n df i r s ti nV. X,t h et r e n c h wa sc l o s e do n1 4 Fe b r u a r y j u s tt wod a y sa f t e ri th a db e e n o p e n e d a n d wo r k c o n c e n Fi gur e4. ad :Roughdi agr amsoft het r e nc he sonMo undV r e c or de di n t r a t e di n Tr e n c h V. A.Gi v e n Pe t e r s ’di gdi ar y[ 1889:28] . t h ea r g ume n t st h a twe r el a t e r t t os u r r o u n dt h ema t t e r ,i ti ss t r i k i n gt h a to nt h e1 3h Fe b r u a r y1 8 8 9( i . e .t h ed a ya f t e re x c a v a t i o n sb e g a n o nt h emo u n d ) ,Pe t e r sc omme n t e di nh i sd i gd i a r yt h a t t h et a b l e t sf o u n dt h a td a yi nTr e n c hV. As e e me d‘ t o s h o wt h a ts ome t h i n gl i k ea r c h i v e so rr e c o r d sh a do n c e b e e np r e s e r v e da tt h i sp o i n t ’[ Pe t e r s1 8 8 9:3 1] .Ov e r t h ef o l l o wi n gt wowe e k sPe t e r se x t e n d e dTr e n c hV. A t oTr e n c h e sV. Ba n dV. C( a th i g h e rl e v e l st h a nV. A) a n df o u n dan umb e ro ft a b l e t sa n df r a gme n t si na mo n g t h e Pa r t h i a ng r a v e sa n dr o omso fu n b a k e db r i c k s [ i b i d . ,3 3–4,3 6–8,4 5–6,5 0,5 3–4,5 6,5 9,6 1–2a n d 7 1–2] .Pe t e r sc omme n t e di nh i sDi gDi a r yo n2 5th Fe b r u a r yt h a tt h en a t u r eo ft h et a b l e tf i n d s‘ s e e mst o s h o w t h a t t h e a r c h i v e s m u s t b e s o u g h t a t a l l d e p t h s Fi gur e 5:Ex c av at i on t r e nc he s on Mo und V , h r o u g ht h i sh i l l ,mi x e d wi t hl a t e rb u i l d i n g sa n d Se as onI( Uo MP A,M21–5,no. 9) . t g r a v e s ’[ i b i d . ,7 1] . Byt h ee n do fFe b r u a r y1 8 8 9Pe t e r s ’e n t r i e si nh i sDi gDi a r ya r es c a r c e( t h e r ea r en or e f e r e n c e s i nh i sp e r s o n a ld i a r y )a n dr e f e r e n c e st oe x c a v a t i o n si nMo u n dV b e c omer a r e .Ho we v e r ,i ne a r l y fMa r c hPe t e r sr e c o r d e dt h a ti nTr e n c hV. Aas t r u c t u r e , Ma r c ht h ee n t r i e sb e c omef u l l e r .Ont h e2ndo wi t hd o o r s ,o fu n b a k e db r i c kc o v e r e di ny e l l o ws t u c c owa sf o u n d[ i b i d . ,8 3–4]a n di no n er o om we r ef o u n ds omet a b l e t s[ i b i d . , 8 4] .Fu r t h e re x c a v a t i o n si nt h i ss t r u c t u r eu s i n gt u n n e l l i n gf o u n df u r t h e r f t a b l e t s[ i b i d . ,8 9] .A we l lwa sf o u n di nV. Ba n di nt h er u b b i s hf i l lat a b l e t[ i b i d . ] .Byt h e3rd o Ma r c ht h ewo r k si nTr e n c h e sV. A,V. Ba n dV. Ch a dt ob emo d i f i e dt oa l l o wt h ewo r k me na na c c e s s r o u t et od umps o i l[ i b i d . ,9 4] .Ex c a v a t i o n sc o n t i n u e di nTr e n c h e sV. A,V. Ba n dV. Cr e v e a l i n gmo r e fMa r c hTr e n c hV. A wa s3–4me t e r sd e e p b u r i a l so fv a r i o u ss o r t sa n dl a y e r so fa s h .Byt h e1 1th o a n db u r i a l si nu r n sa n dt u b swe r es t i l lb e i n gu n c o v e r e d[ i b i d . ,1 1 0–1] ,wh i l ei nt r e n c hV. B.t h e e x c a v a t i o n swe r eb yt h e n5me t e r sb e l o wt h es u r f a c eo ft h emo u n d , a n dad o u b l ep o t b u r i a l f o u n d[ i b i d . , 1 1 1–2] . fMa r c ht h a tt h ee x p e d i t i o nh a d‘ d e c i d e d Pe t e r sr e c o r d e di nh i sp e r s o n a ld i a r ye n t r yf o rt h e1 4tho t oi n c r e a s eo u rf o r c eb ys e v e ne x t r ag a n g so nt h eCi t yo ft h eLi v i n g ’( i . e .Mo u n dV)[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7, r c ht h ee x c a v a t i o n s i :2 5 6] .Pe t e r sp r o v i d e sg r e a t e rd e t a i li nh i sd i gd i a r yr e c o r d i n gt h a to n1 3thMa i nTr e n c hV we r ee n l a r g e da n dTr e n c h e sV. Da n dV. Ea n dt u n n e l ,V. F ,c r e a t e d[ i b i d . ,1 2 1–3;Fi g u r e 4. b ] .J u s ta b o v et h el e v e lo ft h ey e l l o ws t u c c o e db u i l d i n gi nTr e n c hV. Awe r ef o u n dt a b l e t si na n o t h e r r o o mi nTr e n c hV. B.[ i b i d . ,1 2 1] .Wa l l so fu n b a k e db r i c kwe r ef o u n di nTr e n c hV. E[ i b i d . ] .Ta b l e t s mi x e dwi t hb r o k e np o t t e r ya n da s hwe r ef o u n di nr o omsi nTr e n c h e sV. Aa n dV. B[ i b i d . ,1 2 2] .I n Tr e n c hV. Da t1 4 0c mb e l o wt h es u r f a c eac o f f i nwa sf o u n d[ i b i d . ,1 2 2–3] .Th ef o l l o wi n gd a yt a b l e t s o ft h ePe r s i a np e r i o dwe r ef o u n di nt h es a met r e n c hc i r c a1. 5me t e r sb e l o wt h es u r f a c e[ i b i d . ,1 3 1] . Ta b l e t swe r ea l s of o u n di nar o om i nTr e n c hV. A[ i b i d . ,1 2 9] . Ta b l e t swe r ef o u n di n s i d et h er o om a tTr e n c hV. Ai na‘ s t r a t a ’s a i dt ob e‘ o ft h es a men a t u r e THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 5 a si nt h er o om i t s e l f[ i b i d . ,1 3 7] .Att h es a met i meTr e n c hV. C wa sn o w 8–9me t e r sd e e pa n da s t fMa r c hTr e n c hV wa sa g a i ne x t e n d e d g r a v ewa sf o u nd[ i b i d . ,1 3 7–8] .A we e kl a t e ro nt h e2 1o ( a c c o r d i n gt oPe t e r s ’p e r s o n a ld i a r y5e x t r ag a n g swe r ep u to n t ot h ewo r ko nMo u n dV [ Pe t e r s 1 8 9 7,i :2 5 9] )wi t han e wa r e ao p e n e d ,Tr e n c hV. K;e x c a v a t i o n sr e s ume da tt h eo l dt r e n c hV. Xa n d t wot u n n e l so p e n e d ,Tr e n c h e sV. Ga n dV. H( Fi g u r e4. c[ Pe t e r s1 8 8 9:1 5 1] ) .Fo raf e wd a y st h e t h r c hal a r g en umb e ro fOl dBa b y l o n i a n e x c a v a t i o n sp r o d u c e do n l yPa r t h i a nt omb s ,b u to nt h e2 6 Ma t a b l e t swe r ef o u n d3–4me t e r sb e l o wt h es u r f a c eo ft h emo u n di nas ma l la r e a[ i b i d . ,1 6 4]c i r c a 1 2×9c m[ i b i d . ,1 6 8] . fMa r c ht h eDi gDi a r yr e c o r d se x c a v a t i o n si nTr e n c hV. L[ i b i d . ,1 6 6]wh i c hmu s t Ont h e2 7tho h a v eb e e no p e n e d ,a swe l la st h emo v e me n to fwo r k me nt oo t h e ro rh i g h e rp o i n t so fTr e n c h e sV. D fMa r c hi sl a r g e l yc o n c e r n e d wi t h a n d V. E[ i b i d . ,1 6 7] . Th eDi g Di a r ye n t r yf o rt h e2 8th o d e v e l o pme n t si nTr e n c hV.Fu r t h e rt a b l e t swe r ec omi n gf r o mt h es ma l la r e ac l o s et ot h ey e l l o w s t u c c o e db u i l d i n g[ i b i d . ,1 6 8] ;i nTr e n c hV. J( a p p a r e n t l ya l s oo p e n e d )aPa r t h i a nc o f f i nwa sf o u n d [ i b i d . ,1 6 9] ;wh i l ei nTr e n c hV. H wa l l so fb u r n e db r i c kwe r ef o u n d( Fi g u r e4. d[ i b i d . ,1 6 9–7 0] ) ; a n di nTr e n c hV. Lab r i c kp l a t f o r mb e l o w at o mbwa se x c a v a t e d[ i b i d . ,1 7 0] . r c hal a r g en umb e ro ft a b l e t swe r ef o u n di nTr e n c hV. A[ i b i d . ,1 7 7]a n di nTr e n c h Ont h e2 9thMa 9) [ i b i d . ,1 7 7–8] .Fo rt h ef o l l o wi n gt wowe e k sPe t e r sv i s i t e dTe l l o ha n d V. K awe l la n d‘ f u r n a c e ’ fAp r i lPe t e r sr e c o r d e dt h a tal a r g e n on o t e swe r et a k e no fe x c a v a t i o n s .Onh i sr e t u r no nt h e1 5th o n u mb e ro fv e r ywe l lp r e s e r v e dOl dBa b y l o n i a nt a b l e t sh a db e e nf o u n di nt h e‘ f u r n a c e ’i nTr e n c h V. K[ i b i d . ,1 8 3] .Al s oi nTr e n c h e sV. A,V. Ca n dV. Fwa l l sa n dd o o r sh a db e e nf o u n da l l‘ b l a c k e n e d a n dh a r d e n e db yf i r ea n dt h ee a r t hf o rt h ed e p t ho fame t r ewa sa s h e sa n dk i l nd e b r i s ’[ i b i d . ,1 8 4] wi t hu n b a k e dt a b l e t si nal o we rs t r a t um [ i b i d . ] .I nt r e n c hV. Bc i r c a1 0me t e r sb e l o wt h es ummi t o ft h emo u n di nat u n n e ld r i v e no f ft h es i d eo ft h et r e n c hav a s ec o n t a i n i n gag r o u po fOl dBa b y l o n i a n t a b l e t swa sf o u n d[ i b i d . ,1 8 9] .Tr e n c hV. Cwa st a k e nd o wnt op l a i nl e v e la t1 3me t e r s[ i b i d . ] . fAp r i la n dr e a d s‘ t h ewo r kwa ss t o p p e d Pe t e r s ’l a s te n t r yi nt h e1 8 8 9Di gDi a r yd a t e st ot h e1 5tho t h na c c o u n to ft h es h o o t i n gb yaz a p t i e h( p o l i c e ma n )o fat h i e v i n gAr a b s u d d e n l yMo n d a yAp r i l1 5o 1 0) .Th o u g hn o tn o t e di nh i sd i a r y ,Pe t e r st o o kp r e c a u t i o n st op r e s e r v e o ft h ee s Se i dt r i b e ’[ i b i d . ,1 9 3] t h et r e n c h e so nMo u n dV a n di nt h ee a r l ye n t r i e sf o rt h es e c o n ds e a s o nPe t e r sr e c o r d sh o wt h e t e a mswe r es e to nc l e a r i n gt h es o i lt h a th eh a dh a db a c k f i l l e di n t ot h et r e n c h . Th es a l i e n tf e a t u r e so ft h ef i r s ts e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n sa tMo u n dV a r et ha tPe t e r sc o n d uc t e da r e l a t i v e l yl i mi t e ds e to fe x c a v a t i o n s .Hec o n c e n t r a t e dwo r ko nt h en o r t hwe s t e r ne n do ft h emo u n d , t h o u g ht h emo d e lma d ea tt h ee n do ft h eFi r s tSe a s o ns h o wst r e n c h e s ,a l b e i tmi n o r ,e l s e wh e r e( Fi g u r e 3) .Th eu p p e rl e v e l swe r er i d d l e dwi t hPa r t h i a n‘ s l i p p e rg r a v e s ’o rl a t ef i r s tmi l l e n n i u m B. C.t u b a n dp o tg r a v e s .I two u l da p p e a rt h a ti nt h ed i s t u r b e ds o i ls u r r o u n d i n gt h eg r a v e st a b l e t sd a t e df r om t h eOl dBa b y l o n i a nt oPe r s i a np e r i o d swe r ef o u n di nn op a r t i c u l a rc o n t e x t s .Ash ewe n td e e p e r i n t ot h emo u n d ,Pe t e r se x t e n d e dh i st r e n c h e sa n db e g a nt u n n e l l i n gi n t ot h er u i n s .Gr e a t e rn umb e r s o ft a b l e t swe r ef o u n di na s s o c i a t i o nwi t has e r i e so fb u i l d i n g sb u i l to fu n b a k e dc l a ya n dc o n s i s t i n g o fr o o mswi t hd o o r s .Nop l a no ft h er o omss u r v i v e s ,t h o u g hap h o t o g r a p hwa sp u b l i s h e d( Fi g u r e 6)g i v i n gas e n s emo r eo ft h ee x c a v a t i o nt r e n c ht h a no ft h eb u i l d i n gr e ma i n s ,a n di ti sn o tp o s s i b l e t oa s s o c i a t ea n yt a b l e t swi t ht h er e ma i n s , t h o u g hi t wo u l da p p e a rt h a t t h ema j o r i t ywe r eOl dBa b y l o n i a n a dmi n i s t r a t i v ed o c ume n t s . 4 7 2t a b l e t sh a v er e c o r d e dp r o v e n a n c e sa tMo u n dV i nSe a s o nI( Ap p e n d i xA) .Th ee x c a v a t i o n r e c o r di sr e l a t i v e l yf u l s omeo nd e t a i lwh e nc omp a r e dt ot h ef i n d sr e g i s t e rwh i c hc e a s e st on o t ee v e n fFe b r u a r y t h eb r i e f e s tr e c o r do fp r o v e n a n c e( i . e .t h emo u n df r om wh i c ht h et a b l e tc a me )o nt h e2 8tho 1 8 8 9.Al t o g e t h e rt h ep r o v e n a n c e so f5 7p l u st a b l e t so rf r a gme n t sa r er e c o r d e d ,b u ti nn oi n s t a n c e 9) Pr oba bl ybe t t e ri de nt i f i e da sa nove n. 10) Foraf ul la c c ountoft hee ve nts e ePe t e r s[ 1897,i :279–86] . 6 Ti m CLAYDEN i ss u f f i c i e n td e t a i lp r o v i d e dwh i c hi d e n t i f i e ss p e c i f i c t a b l e t s .I ti sa l s ou n f o r t u n a t et h a tt h e r ea r en od e t a i l s o np r o v e n a n c ewh i c hc a nb er e l a t e dt ot h ee x c a v a t i o n r e c o r d s .Wh a td o e se me r g ei st h a tt a b l e t swe r ef o u n d i n s i d er o omsa n di nd i s t u r b e dc o n t e x t s( i . e .i ng r a v ec u t s a n df i l l )i nt h en o r t hwe s t e r na r e ao fMo u n dV. Se a s o nTwo( 1 8 9 0) Pe t e r sma i n t a i n e d ad i gd i a r ya n df i n d sr e g i s t e rf o r Se a s o nI I( 1 8 9 0;1 8 9 0a ) .Th e s er e v e a lb e t t e rd e t a i lo n t h ee x c a v a t i o n sa n dwh a twa sf o u n d ,b u ta r es t r a n g e l y l e s sd e s c r i p t i v ea n di n f o r ma t i v et h a nt h en o t e sPe t e r s k e p tf o rSe a s o nI .I ti sa l s ou n f o r t u n a t et h a tPe t e r sd i d n o tr e t a i nt h et r e n c hn umb e r i n go fSe a s o nI .Th i sma k e s s y n c h r o n i s i n gt h e wo r kd o n ei nt h et wo s e a s o n s s o me t i me sp r o b l e ma t i c . Pe t e r sd i dn o tp u b l i s hap l a no fh i se x c a v a t i o n t r e n c h e so nMo u n dV u n t i l1 9 05( Fi g u r e7) .Hed i d s oi nt h emi d s to ft h ep u b l i ca r g ume n th ewa sh a v i n g g u r e6:Th ep u b l i s h e dp h o t o g r a p ho f e x c a v a t i o n s wi t h Hi l p r e c h t . Th ep l a ns h o wse x c a v a t i o n s ma d e Fi onMo undVi ns e as onI[ af t e rPe t e r s d u r i n gl a t e rs e a s o no fwo r ka swe l la sb yPe t e r si n 1897,i :oppos i t epage250] . Se a s o nI I . Pr e s e r v e di nt h eUo PMA i sap r e v i o u s l y u n p u b l i s h e dd r a wi n gs h o wi n gt h el o c a t i o no ft h eSe a s o n I It r e n c h e s( Fi g u r e8) .Th ep l a ni sn o td a t e ds owec a n n o tb es u r et h a tf u r t h e rt r e n c h e swe r en o t e x c a v a t e di nSe a s o nI I ,b u tt h er e l a t i v e l ys i mi l a r( c o mp a r e dt oPe t e r s ’1 9 0 5)p l a no ft h et r e n c h i n g c omp l e me n t swe l lt h ea c c o u n to ft h ee x c a v a t i o n si nPe t e r s ’r e c o r d s( p u b l i s h e da n du n p u b l i s h e d )o f t h ewo r ko nMo u n dV. fJ a n u a r y1 8 9 0a n dt h et r e n c h e s Ex c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p u rb e g a nf o ras e c o n ds e a s o no nt h e1 4tho o nMo u n dV o ft h ef i r s ts e a s o nwe r ei mme d i a t e l yr e o p e n e d[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 0,i :1] .Th eo l dt r e n c h e s h a db e e nf i l l e di na tt h ee n do fSe a s o nIt op r o t e c tt h e ma n dh a dt ob e c l e a r e do u tb e f o r ee x c a v a t i o np r o p e rc o u l db e g i n .Pe t e r sd i ds oi nt h r e e t r e n c h e s :-V. 1,t h e‘ f u r n a c et r e n c h ’( i . e .Tr e n c hV. Ko fs e a s o no n e ) ;’ t wo o nt h ec o r n e rwh e r es oma n yt a b l e t swe r ef o u n dl a s ty e a r( i . e .Tr e n c h V. A). . .a n do n eo nt h et r e n c hwh i c hi sc u t t i n ga c r o s st h eh i l l ’( [ i b i d . , 1]No t e :t h en umb e r i n go ft h i sl a s tt r e n c hi nSe a s o nIi su n c l e a r ,b u tc a n b es e e no nt h et r e n c hma p , Fi g u r e4. c ) .Awo r k e du pd r a wi n go fwh a tma y b eTr e n c h4i n Se a s o nI Ii sh e l di nt h eUoMP A( Fi g u r e9) ,b u ti t u n f o r t u n a t e l yt e l l su sl i t t l ea b o u twh a twa sa c t u a l l yf o u n d . Te nd a y sa f t e re x c a v a t i o n sr e s ume do nMo u n dV,t h ef i l lf r o mt h e p r e v i o u sy e a rwa ss t i l lb e i n gd u go u tf r om Tr e n c hV. 1a b o v et h e‘ f u r n a c e ’ f r o mt h ep r e v i o u sy e a r[ i b i d . ,1 6–7] .Mo r es l i p p e ra n dt u bt omb swe r e a l s of o u n da n dd e s c r i b e di nd e t a i l[ i b i d . ,1 7–8] .Ont h es u mmi to ft h ek n o l l e x c a v a t i o n swe r eo p e n e d( V. 2)a n di mme d i a t e l yc a med o wni n t og r a v e s Fi gur e 7:The e x c av at i on a n dwe l l s[ i b i d . ,2 0–1] .Si mi l a rr e ma i n sc o n t i n u e dt ob er e c o r d e df r om t r e nc he s on t h ee x c a v a t i o n si nl a t eJ a n u a r ywi t hf r a gme n t so fwa l l sa l s ome n t i o n e d Mo undVmade s t f i b i d . ,4 2] . Fu r t h e rt r e n c h e swe r eo p e n e do nt h ek n o l lo nt h e1 o d ur i ng S e as on [ F e b r u a r y a n d a t e a m m o v e d f r o m Mo u n d I t o s u p p l e m e n t t h e w o r k t e a m s I I[ af t e rPe t e r s o nMo u n dV[ i b i d . , 5 0] .Ono c c a s i o n st h er e c o r di n d i c a t e st h ec omp l e x i t y 1905:146] . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 7 o ft h es t r a t i g r a p h ya n dt h e l a c ko fu n d e r s t a n d i n go fi t t h ee x c a v a t o r s ha d us i n g t r e n c h e sa n dt u n n e l st oe x c a v a t e [ i b i d . , 6 8] .I na l l t h et r e n c h e s t u b ,j a ra n ds l i p p e rc o f f i n s we r ef o u n df u r t h e rc o n f u s i n g t h es t r a t i g r a p h y[ e . g .i b i d . , 7 2–4] . Onma n yd a y st h e d i gd i a r yma k e sn or e f e r e n c e t owo r ko nMo u n dV a n d i n s t e a dc o n c e n t r a t e so nt h e u n dI I I( t h e wo r ki n Mo z i g g u r a t a n dt e mp l ec o mp l e x ) . Ont h e8th o fFe b r u a r y t h ewo r kt e a ml e a d e r swe r e i n s t r u c t e d‘ t oh u n te v e r y wh e r ef o rt a b l e t s ’[ i b i d . , 8 3–4]wh i c hl e dt o wa l l s b e i n gb r e a c h e da n dt u n n e l s b e g u n .Th et u n n e l sf o l l o we d wa l ll i n e s[ e . g .i b i d . ,9 0–1] . n d1 2thFe b r u a r y Ont h e1 1tha h e a v y r a i n ma d e wo r k i mp o s s i b l e ,b u to nt h e1 3th Pe t e r si n i t i a t e de x c a v a t i o n s o nMo u n dXa n di mme d i a t e l y f o u n dt a b l e t s[ i b i d . ,9 2–4] . g u r e8:Th ep r e v i o u s l yu n p u b l i s h e dp l a no f t h ee x c a v a t i o nt r e n c h e so nMo u n d Ev e n t u a l l y Pe t e r s ’i n t e r e s t Fi Vma d ed u r i n gt h eS e a s o nI Ia tNi p p u r( Uo PMA,M2 2–1,n o . 2 0) . i nMo u n dVwo u l dwa na n d e x c a v a t i o n so n Mo u n dX e x p a n d ,b u tf o rt h emo me n two r kc o n t i n u e do nMo u n dV a n dt a b l e t sc o n t i n u e dt ob ef o u n d , b u ta p p a r e n t l yn o ti ng r e a t n umb e r s .Tu n n e l sa n dt r e n c h e swe r ed r i v e ni n t ot h en o r t h we s t e r nk n o l lo fMo u n dV a n dg r a v e sa n ds omes t r u c t u r a l t h fFe b r u a r yac a c h eo f r e mn a n t swe r ef o u n d .Ont h e1 9o t a b l e t swa sf o u n di nar o om i nal a y e ro fa s ha n dn e a rwh a t Pe t e r sj u d g e dma yh a v eb e e naf u r n a c e[ i b i d . ,1 0 6] .On fFe b r u a r yn e wt r e n c h e swe r ec u ti n t ot h ek n o l l t h e2 3rd o t h f [ i b i d . ,1 1 7]wi t hg r a v e sa n dwe l l sf o u n d .Ont h e2 6 o Fe b r u a r yt wo mo r e wo r kg a n g s we r ep u to n t ot h e fMa r c h e x c a v a t i o n si nMo u n dV [ i b i d . ,1 1 8] .Ont h e3rdo Pe t e r sr e c o r d e dt h a t‘ o n l yi nt h ev i c i n i t yo ft h ef u r n a c e t r e n c hh a v ea n yt a b l e t so fv a l u eb e e nf o u n d ’[ i b i d . , 1 3 0]a n d ‘ t h eme nt h i n kt h a tt h i sr o om wa saf u r n a c ef o rb a k i n g t a b l e t s ’[ i b i d . ,1 3 1] . El s e wh e r et h eb r i e fn o t e sf o r e x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dV a r ed omi n a t e db yt h er e c o r d so f Fi gur e 9:Tr e nc hV . 4 ofSe as on I I( Mg r a v e sa n dt h e i rc o n t e n t s . 21–5,no.8) . 8 Ti m CLAYDEN Ont h e1 5th o fMa r c h ,a g a i na f t e rh e a v yr a i nh a di n t e r r u p t e dwo r k ,Pe t e r sd e c i d e dt or e o p e n t h fMa r c hPe t e r sr e c o r d e dt h a t‘ Fi v eg a n g swe r e e x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dX [ i b i d . ,1 5 4] .Ont h e1 7o t a k e no f fTa b l e tHi l la n dp u to n[ Mo u n d ]X.Th ee a s t e r ns i d eo fTa b l e tHi l lwa sa l t o g e t h e ra b a n d o n e d f o rt h et i meb e i n g ’[ i b i d . ,1 5 6] .Th ef a c tt h a tt a b l e t swe r el i s t e di nt h ed i gf i n d sr e g i s t e ra sh a v i n g c omef r o m Mo u n dV a f t e rt h a td a t es u g g e s t st h a two r kc o n t i n u e da tp o i n t so nt h emo u n d .On2 0th Ma r c hPe t e r swr o t et h a t[ Mo u n dV]‘ s e e mst ob ep r e t t ymu c hn e a r l ye x h a u s t e d ’[ i b i d . ,1 6 5] .Th o u g h t h ed i gd i a r yma k e sn or e f e r e n c et oe x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dV,t a b l e t swe r er e g i s t e r e df r om t h emo u n d t h fMa r c h . i nt h ef i n d sr e g i s t e ru pu n t i lt h e2 9o fAp r i li na ni s o l a t e de n t r yPe t e r sr e c o r d st h a t‘ Weh a v er u ns omes e v e ns o u n d i n g Ont h e1 2tho t r e n c h e sa tv a r i o u sp o i n t so nt h i sh i l l( i . e .Mo u n dV) ,a n da r ef i n d i n gaf e wt a b l e t si nt h eg u l l y fAp r i lPe t e r sn o t e dma k e sh i sf i n a ln o t e r i g h ts o u t ho fV. 1’[ i b i d . ,1 9 4] .A we e kl a t e ro nt h e1 9tho o nt h ee x c a v a t i o n sa tMo u n dV n o t i n gt h a t‘ Af t e rs omef r u i t l e s ss o u nd i n g st h i sh i l l( i . e .Mo u n dV) a b a n d o n e d ’[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 0,i i :9] .I np a r a l l e le x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dXwe r ep r o d u c i n gs oma n yt a b l e t s t h fAp r i lPe t e r sr e c o r d e dt h a t‘ f o rf o u rd a y st h e y( i . e .t a b l e t s )we r eb r o u g h ti nb y t h a to nt h e2 6 o t h eb o x f u l l ,f a s t e rt h a twec o u l dh a n d l et h e m’[ i b i d . ,1 5] . Th ef i n d sr e g i s t e rl i s t ss ome3 6 7p l u st a b l e t sf r om Mo u n dV.Ho we v e r ,t h eCBSr e g i s t e r ,wh i c h c a n n o tb el i n k e dt ot h ef i n d sr e g i s t e r ,s u g g e s t st h a tc i r c a2 4 4t a b l e t swe r ee x c a v a t e di nt h es e c o n d s e a s o na tMo u n dV.Un f o r t u n a t e l ya l mo s tn o t h i n gc a nb es a i da b o u tt h ec o n t e x t si nwh i c ht h e ywe r e d i s c o v e r e d . Pe t e r ss umma r i s e dt h er e s u l t so fh i se x c a v a t i o n si nSe a s o nI Io nMo u n dV [ 1 8 9 7,i i :1 9 9–2 0 3] n o t i n gt h a tt h ewo r kwa sc o n d u c t e dp r i ma r i l yf o rt h ep u r p o s eo fs e c u r i n gi n s c r i b e do b j e c t s ,f o rt h a t wa sn a t u r a l l yt h ec o n s t a n td e ma n do ft h eh omec o mmi t t e e ’[ i b i d . ,2 0 2] .Hec omme n t e df u r t h e r– ‘ . . .Ic o n d u c t e dmu c hmo r ee x t e n s i v ee x c a v a t i o n sa tt h i smo u n d ;a n da l t h o u g ht h ey i e l do ft a b l e t s 1 1) e ta b o u to n ef i f t ho ro n e wa sb yn ome a n sa sl a r g ea si nt h eh i l l so nt h eo t h e rs i d eo ft h ec a n a l ,y f o u r t ho ft h ewh o l ea mo u n twa st a k e nf r om Hi l lV ( i . e .Mo u n dV) . Ir i d d l e di twi t ht r e n c h e s e v e r y wh e r e ’[ i b i d . :1 9 9] . Pe t e rr e f e r st oh o u s e so fu n b a k e db r i c k[ i b i d . ,2 0 0–1]( c f .Fi g u r e1 0)a n dt h a to n l yas i n g l e b u i l d i n g s e e me d d i f f e r e n t h a v i n g ‘ s q u a r eh a l fp i l l a r sa tr e g u l a ri n t e r v a l s o nt h eo u t s i d e ’[ i b i d . ,2 0 2] . Hi l p r e c h twa sn o tp r e s e n td u r i n g t h e Se c o n d Se a s o na tNi p p u r . Hi s a c c o u n to ft h ee x c a v a t i o n s[ Hi l p r e c h t 1 9 0 3:3 1 9–4 5] i sl a r g e l ya ne s s a y o u t l i n i n g h i sc r i t i c i s ms of Pe t e r s ’ wo r k . He r e f e r so n l yb r i e f l y[ i b i d . , 3 4 1–2]t oMo u n dV n o t i n gt h a ta b o u t 2 0 0 0t a b l e t so fa l ls o r t swe r er e c o v e r e d [ i b i d . ,3 4 1] . I nr e v i e wi n gt h er e s u l t so fSe a s o n I Ia tMo u n dVPe t e r sc o n c l u d e dt h a th e h a d no tf o u n d‘ t h et e mp l el i b r a r y ’ [ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7,i i :1 4 0] .I n s t e a dh ej u d g e d h a tb e t we e nt h eOl dBa b y l o n i a na n d Fi gur e10:Thepubl i s he dphot ogr aphofs t r uc t ur e se x c av at e don t P e r s i a n p e r i o d s t h e m o u n d h a d b e e n Mo und V dur i ng Se as on I I[ af t e rPe t e r s1897,i i , t h es i t eo fh o me so f‘ we l l t od o o ppos i t epage202] . 1 1) Thi si sMo undX whe r et hebul koft heKa s s i t et e xt sf ounda tNi ppurwe r ef ound. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 9 c i t i z e n sr a t h e rt h a nt h es i t eo fg r e a tp u b l i cb u i l d i n g sa tt h ec i t y ’[ i b i d . ,2 0 2] .Th ed i gr e c o r d ss h o ws t h a tt h ee x c a v a t i o n sr e ma i n e dc o n c e n t r a t e do nt h en o r t hwe s t e r nk n o l lo ft h emo u n d .I nd o i n gs o Pe t e r swa sf o l l o wi n go nf r omt h ewo r ko ft h ep r e v i o u ss e a s o n .Hi sa t t e n t i o na sd i r e c t o ro fe x c a v a t i o n s , h o we v e r ,f o c u s e do nt h ewo r ko nt h ez i g g u r a ta n ds u r r o u n d i n gs t r u c t u r e sa n dl a t e ri nt h es e a s o no n e x c a v a t i n gt a b l e t sf r om Mo u n dX.Th er e c o r d ,s u c ha si ti s ,s u g g e s t st h a tt h ee x c a v a t e dr e ma i n si n Mo u n dV we r ec h a r a c t e r i s e dbyPa r t h i a na n df i r s tmi l l e n n i u m B. C.t u bc o f f i n s ,s c r a p p ywa l l sa n d b r i c kl i n e dwe l l s .I na l lt h es t r a t i g r a p h ywa sc omp l e xa n dmu c hc u tb yg r a v e sa n dwe l l s .Th e e x c a v a t i o nt e c h n i q u e sd e p l o y e do nt h emo u n dc o n s i s t e do fd e e pt r e n c h e sa n dt u n n e l l i n gwi t hl i t t l e r e g a r dp a i dt ou n r a v e l l i n gt h ec omp l e x i t i e so ft h ea r e a . Se a s o nFo ur( 1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0) Att h ee n do ft h es e c o n ds e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p ur ,o n l yJ . H.Ha y n e sc o u l db ep e r s u a d e dt o 1 2) .Hi s r e t u r n .Hed i ds of o rar e ma r k a b l et h r e ey e a r sd u r i n gwh i c ht i meh el a r g e l ywo r k e da l o n e r e p o r t sf r o mt h ee x c a v a t i o n swe r eas o u r c eo ff r u s t r a t i o nt oh i ss p o n s o r si nPh i l a d e l p h i aa st h e y c o n t a i n e ds u c hp a u c i t yo fd e t a i lt h a tn os e n s ec o u l db ema d eo ft h ep r o g r e s so ft h ewo r k .Th e r e we r en oo t h e rr e c o r d so fHa y n e s ’wo r k .Wh a twa sc l e a rwa st h a th ec o n d u c t e de x t e n s i v ee x c a v a t i o n s wi t hl i t t l e( n o )h e e dt os t r a t i g r a p h yo rr e c o r d i n go fp r o v e n a n c e s .Hewa st a s k e dt of i n dt a b l e t sa n d o b j e c t sa n dn o ts t r a t i g r a p h ya n dh eo b e y e dh i si n s t r u c t i o n sa sh eu n d e r s t o o dt h e m.Ha y n e s ’r e c o r d [ 1 8 9 3–9 6]o fh i swo r ka tNi p p u rd e mo n s t r a t e st h a th ed i dn o tc o n d u c ta n ye x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n d V[ s e ea l s oHi l p r e c h t1 9 0 3:4 2 1] . I nh i sl a s ts e a s o n ,1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0,a tNi p p u rHa y n e sc o n t i n u e dd e p l o y i n gt h ee x c a v a t i o nt e c h n i q u e s t h a th eh a du s e db e t we e n1 8 9 3a n d1 8 9 6.Hi sd i gd i a r ye n t r i e s[ Ha y n e s1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0]a n dl e t t e r s b a c kt oh i ss p o n s o r si nPh i l a d e l p h i a[ 1 8 9 9–9 0a ]c o n t a i na l mo s tn od e t a i lo ft h ec i r c ums t a n c e so f t h ed i s c o v e r yo fo b j e c t si n c l u d i n gt a b l e t s .I n s t e a dh ema d es p a r s en o t e so nh o wh ed e p l o y e dh i s wo r k f o r c eo rd e s c r i b e dwi t hf e e l i n gh i sd e a l i n gswi t ht h eSh e i k h so ft h el o c a lt r i b e sa n dOt t oma n o f f i c i a l s .Hed i dn o tp r e s e n tap l a no fh i se x c a v a t i o n s . fFe b r u a r y1 8 9 9‘ An o t h e rg a n go nt h eo p p o s i t es i d eo ft h e Ha y n e sr e c o r d e dt h a to nt h e2 3rd o Sh a t te nNi li nMo u n dV f o u n dn o t h i n go fi n t e r e s t ’[ Ha y n e s1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0:3 0] . Th i sma r k st h e r e s u mp t i o no fe x c a v a t i o n so nt h emo u n da f t e rPe t e r s ’wo r ki n1 8 9 0.Th i swo r kc o n t i n u e df o rf o u r t h u tn o t e dt h a tt h i sh a dp r o d u c e d‘ n oma r k e dr e s u l t s ’[ i b i d . ,3 3]a n d f u r t h e rd a y su n t i lt h e2 7 b c o n s e q u e n t l yt h ewo r kg a n g swe r ea l lmo v e dt oe x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dI[ i b i d . ,3 4] . fSe p t e mb e r1 8 9 9a n d Wo r ko nMo u n dV wa sr e s ume da g a i ns e v e nmo n t h sl a t e ro nt h e25th o Ha y n e sn o t e d‘ Ap a r to fo u rwo r k f o r c ewa sp u tt op r o s p e c t i n gf o rt a b l e t si nt h emo u n dk n o wna s Ta b l e tHi l la n dma r k e dV . . . ’[ i b i d . ,1 2 9] .Ha y n e s ’i n t e n t i o nt of i n dt a b l e t si sc l e a r .Th es c a l eo f p t e mb e r–‘ Al a r g e rf o r c e h i se x c a v a t i o no nt h emo u n di sma d ec l e a ri nHa y n e s ’n o t eo nt h e3 0thSe o f2 0 0me nwa st h i smo r n i n ga d d e dt ot h ep r o s p e c t i n gg a n go ft h eme no nV –Ta b l e tHi l l ’[ i b i d . , 1 2 9] . Ex c a v a t i o n sa p p e a rt oh a v ec o n t i n u e do nt h emo u n df o rt h er e s to fOc t o b e r ,t h o u g hn o d i s c o v e r i e so ft a b l e t swe r er e c o r d e db yHa y n e s . fOc t o b e rH. V.Ge e r ea n dC. S.Fi s h e ra r r i v e da tNi p p u r .Ha y n e sr e c o r d s OnFr i d a yt h e2 0th o t h ee v e n ta sf o l l o ws‘ Me s s r sGe e r ea n dFi s h e ra r r i v e db yb o a tf r om Hi l l a ha n dl o o kt ob ei ng o o d h e a l t h .We( i . e .Ha y n e sa n dh i swi f eCa s s a n d r a )we r ev e r yg l a di n d e e dt os e ea n dwe l c omet h e m t oNi f f e r ’[ i b i d . ,1 3 7] .Th i se v e n tma r k e dt h eb e g i n n i n go fwh a two u l de v e n t u a l l yb ea ni mp r o v e d s y s t e mo fe x c a v a t i n ga n dr e c o r d i n g . Fr u i t l e s s ,i nt e r mso ft h er e c o v e r yo ft a b l e t s ,e x c a v a t i o n sc o n t i n u e da tMo u n dV t h r o u g h fDe c e mb e rHa y n e swr o t e‘ Byf a rt h el a r g e s tf o r c e No v e mb e ra n dDe c e mb e r1 8 9 9.Ont h e1 1th o o nTa b l e tHi l lV s e a r c h i n gf o rt a b l e t sb u tf i n d i n gc of f i n so fv a r i o u st y pe s ,a l ll e v e l s ’[ i b i d . ,1 5 0] . 12) Foras u mma r yoft hes e a s ons e eKukl i c k[ 1996:65–77] . 10 Ti m CLAYDEN Al s oo nt h e1 1tho fDe c e mb e r1 8 9 9H. V. Ge e r ep r e p a r e dap l a na n dc r o s ss e c t i o no fTr e n c h1a tMo u n d V( Fi g u r e1 1) .Hep r e p a r e das e c o n dp l a nt h ef o l l o wi n gd a yf o rTr e n c h2( Fi g u r e1 2) .Th e s ep l a n s , a n dan umb e ro fs u b s e q u e n td r a wi n g so ft r e n c h e so nMo u n dV ( s e eb e l o w)p r e p a r e db yGe e r ewe r e a p p a r e n t l yi n t e n d e df o rap u b l i c a t i o nt h a td i dn o to c c u r .Th es e q u e n c eo fd r a wi n g ss h o wsas y s t e ma t i c a p p r o a c ht ot h er e c o r d i n go ft h et r e n c h e sb yGe e r e ,b u twi t h o u ta na c c omp a n y i n gt e x ti ti sd i f f i c u l t t od e r i v et h ei n t e n d e db e n e f i tt h e yo r i g i n a l l yh a d . On1 8De c e mb e rHa y n e sn o t e d‘ Al a r g ef o r c eo nt a b l e tHi l l. . .Ane a r n e s te n d e a v o u ri sma d e t of i n dt a b l e t sa n dwh i l eIt h i n kHi l lV mi g h tp r o d u c et a b l e t swed on o ty e ts u c c e e di nf i n d i n gt h e m i fa n ye x i s tt h e r ewh i c ho fc o u r s en oma nc a nf o r t e l l ’[ Ha y n e s1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0:1 5 2] .I twa sn o tu n t i l 3 0 De c e mb e r( i . e .t wo mo n t h sa f t e rt h eo p e n i n go fr e n e we d T a b l eI :Th ed a i l yr e c o r do ft h e e x c a v a t i o n s o n Mo u n d V ) t h a t H a y n e s r e c o r d e d t h e e x c a v a t i o n o f n u mb e r so ft a b l e t sHa y n e s a b l e t sf r o mt h emo u n d–‘ Twe l v es o u n dt a b l e t sa n dl a r g eq u a n t i t y n o t e da sb e i n ge x c a v a t e d t f r o m Mo u n dV .Co l u mnA: o ff r a g [ me n t ] so ft a b l e t sa l lf r o m Ta b l e tHi l lma r k e dV’[ i b i d . ,1 5 3] . t a b l e tn u mb e r s ;Co l u mnB: Th e r ei sn of u r t h e ri n f o r ma t i o no nt h ep r o v e n a n c eo ft h et a b l e t s– Da t eo f e x c a v a t i o n ;Co l u mn a p r a c t i c e t h a t c o n t i n u e d i n H a y n e s ’ n o t e s . C:p a g er e f e r e n c ei nHa y n e s 1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0. a n u a r y1 9 0 0t h a tas e c o n db a t c ho ft a b l e t s I twa sn o tu n t i l4thJ w a s f o u n d a t Mo u n d V – ’ 2 0 s o u n d t a b l e t s a n d a g r e a t q u a n t i t y o f A B C f r a g [ me n t ] so ft a b l e t sa l lf r o mt a b l e tHi l l ’( i b i d . ,1 5 5) .Th e r e a f t e r 2 0 4J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 5 t h er e c o v e r yo ft a b l e t sf r om t h emo u n di sr e c o r d e da l mo s td a i l y 9 5J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 5 ( Ta b l eI ) .Si g n i f i c a n t l yi twa sn o tu n t i l1 3J a n u a r y1 9 0 0t h a tHa y n e s 1 2 6J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 6 s p e c u l a t e do nt h en a t u r eo ft h ep r o v e n a n c eo ft h et a b l e t s . He c omme n t e do nt h et a b l e t sr e c o v e r e dt h a td a ya sf o l l o ws–‘ Ar e a l l y 1 4 8J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 7 f i n e l o o k i n g l o t a n d a v e r y g r e a t b u l k o f t h e s e t a b l e t s c a m e f r o m a 1 1 1 0J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 7 l o wl e v e l .Th e r ei sr e a s o nt ob e l i e v et h a tweh a v ec omeu p o na 2 1 1 2J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 8 l i b r a r y( myi t a l i c s )a n dIt r u s tt h a ti twi l lf o r mv a l u a b l ei ne v e r y 1 3 1 3J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 8 d e s i r a b l ewa y ’[ i b i d . ,1 5 8] .Eq u a l l ys i g n i f i c a n ti st h a tt h i si st h ef i r s t 3 1 1 5J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 9 s u g g e s t i o nf r om Ha y n e st h a tMo u n dV mi g h th a v eh o s t e dal i b r a r y . Fr o m2 3Fe b r u a r yo n wa r d sHa y n e ss i mp l yr e f e r r e dt ot h e“ Li b r a r y ” 3 0 1 6J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 9 ( h i s q u o t a t i o n m a r k s ) w h e n l i s t i n g t h e f i n d s d i s c o v e r e d e a c h d a y . 2 8 1 7J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 5 9 I ti sn o tc l e a r ,b u tHa y n e sma yn o th a v er e g a r d e dt h ewh o l eMo u n d 3 3 1 8J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 0 a sc o n t a i n i n gas i n g l el i b r a r y .I n s t e a dh ema yh a v eh a di nmi n da 4 9 1 9J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 0 p a r t i c u l a rb u i l d i n g . On2 4Fe b r u a r yHa y n e swr o t e‘ Th e r er e ma i n so n l yac o r n e r 4 3 2 0J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 0 o fo u rr o om t ob ee x p l o r e do nMo n d a yi no r d e rt oc omp l e t et h e 1 6 2 2J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 1 o p ef o raf e w mo r e e x c a v a t i o no ft h i ss oc a l l e d“ Li b r a r y ” .Weh 1 3 2 3J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 1 t a b l e t sf r omt h i su n e x p l o r e dc o r n e r[ . . . ]c a nt h e na b a n d o ni tb e l i e v i n g 1 7 2 5J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 2 t h a tweh a v et h o r o u g h l ye x a mi n e de v e r yr o om o fi th a v i n ga l r e a d y 1 9 2 6J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 2 o b t a i n e do v e r1 7 0 0 0t a b l e t sa n df r a g me n t so ft a b l e t s( myi t a l i c s ) f r o m t h i s o n e “ L i b r a r y ” s o c a l l e d ’ [ i b i d . , 1 8 1 ] . T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y 2 3 2 7J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 2 h er e c o r d e d‘ Se v e r a lf r a gme n t a r yt a b l e t sf r om t h eLi b r a r yt o d a y . 1 5 2 9J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 4 Th i sf i n i s h e st h ee x c a v a t i o no ft a b l e t su p o nwh i c hc o l l e c t i o nweh a v e 1 8 3 0J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 5 n o ws p e n ts e v e r a lwe e k sa n dg a t h e r e dmo r et h a n1 70 0 0i n s c r i b e d 1 3) 2 1 3 1J a n u a r y1 9 0 0 1 6 5 . p i e c e s ’[ i b i d . ,1 8 3] 13) On28J a nua r yHa yne sr e c or de dt ha thea ndhi swi f epa c ke d27boxe soft a bl e t se xc a va t e ds i nc e21J a nua r y[ Ha yne s1899–1 900: 163] .A f ur t he r26s i mi l a rboxe swe r epa c ke dawe e kl a t e r[ i bi d. ,168] .I ti snotc l e a rt ha ta l lt h et a b l e t swe r ef r o m Moun dV ( t houghhi sr e c or ddoe snotme nt i ont a bl e t sf r o ma nyot he rmo und) ,buti ti sa ni ndi c a t i onoft hequa nt i t yoft a bl e t sHa yne swa s s hi ppi ngt oCons t a nt i nopl e ,ofwhi c hs o mewe ntont oPhi l a de l phi a .I ti sunf or t una t et ha tt heboxe swe r ene ve rope ne ds ys t e ma t i c a l l y whi c hwoul da tl e a s tha vepr e s e r ve dt hea s s oc i a t i onoft a bl e t sf oundt oge t he ri nMo undV. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 11 Ha y n e sd e s c r i b e st h ep r o v e n a n c eo fs omeo ft h et a b l e t si no n l yo n ei n s t a n c ea n dt h a ti nt h e ‘ Li b r a r y ’d i s c u s s e da b o v e .On1 6Fe b r u a r yh en o t e d‘ Al a r g ec l u s t e ro ft a b l e t swa sf o u n di no n e p a r to ft h er o omsp r o d u c i n gt a b l e t si ns u c hp o s i t i o n s ,i n t e r l a c i n g ,o v e r l a p p i n g ,l y i n gf l a t wi s e , e d g e wi s e ,e n d wi s et wo ,t h r e e ,f o u r ,d e e ps ot h a tt h et h e o r ywa sf o r c e du p o nmet h a tt h e s eh a db e e n p r e c i p i t a t e dp e r h a p sf r omas e c o n ds t o r yo rf r omar a c kwh i c hh a dp e r i s h e d .Toa l le v e n t st h e ys e e me d t oh a v ef a l l e ni n t oap o s i t i o nwh e r et h e ywe r ef o u n da n dIi n c l i n et ot h eo p i n i o nt h a tt h e yf e l lf r om as e c o n ds t o r ywh i c hj u d g i n gf r om o u rh o u s ea tNi f f e ri samo r es u i t a b l ep l a c et os t o r eu n b u r n e d t a b l e t st h a nt h el o we rs t o r yo rg r o u n df l o o r ’[ i b i d . ,1 7 7] .Th e s ec omme n t swe r ema d ed u r i n ga v i s i tf r o mt h eGe r ma ns c h o l a r ,DrMe i s s n e rwh os a wt a b l e t sb e i n ge x c a v a t e d[ i b i d . ] .Ha y n e sn o t e d t h a tMe i s n e rs a wt h e‘ p r o c e s so fr e c o v e r i n gb yv e r yp a i n s t a k i n gme t h o d st h et a b l e t swh i c hc a me o u to ft h et a b l e tb e d st o d a y ’[ i b i d . ] .Wh i l et h ee x c a v a t i o nma yh a v eb e e nc a r e f u lo n c et a b l e t swe r e f o u n d ,n o t h i n ge l s ea b o u tt h er e c o v e r yc a nb ed e s c r i b e da ss u c h . On2 7Fe b r u a r yHa y n e sn o t e d[ i b i d . ,1 8 4]t h a tt h ewo r kg a n g swe r emo v e df r o m Mo u n dV t o t h e‘ Co u r to fCo l u mn s ’o nMo u n dI .Hed e p l o y e das ma l lf o r c et ot h ewe s t e r ne d g eo fMo u n dV a tas p o twh e r ePe t e r sh a dp r e v i o u s l yf o u n dt a b l e t si nJ a n u a r ya n dFe b r u a r y1 8 9 0[ i b i d . ,1 8 4] .Two r c h1 9 0 0Hi l p r e c h ta r r i v e da tNi p p u r[ i b i d . ,1 8 5] .Ha y n e sr e c o r d e dt h ef o l l o wi n g d a y sl a t e r ,o n1stMa n d r c h )t h a th e‘ Wa l k e dwi t hDrHi l p r e c h to v e rt h et e mp l eAr e aa n do t h e rp a r t so ft h emo u n d s d a y( 2 Ma f o rag e n e r a lv i e wo ft h ewh o l ef i e l da n damo r es p e c i a ls t u d yo ft h es a c r e dp r e c i n c t so ft h et e mp l e o fb e l .Af t e r wa r dIg a v emya t t e n t i o nt ot h eCo u r to fCo l umn s ’[ i b i d . ,1 8 5] .I nh i sf i n a le n t r y r c ht h a t‘ as ma l lf o r c ec o n t i n u e s[ u n s u c c e s s f u l r e c o r d i n ge x c a v a t i o nwo r k ,Ha y n e swr o t eo n3rd Ma s e a r c hf o rt a b l e t sa l o n gt h ee [ a s t ]b a n ko ft h eSh a t te nNi li nMo u n dV’[ i b i d . ,1 8 5] .Hi l p r e c h t l a t e rwr o t et h a th es u s p e n d e de x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dVt wowe e k sl a t e ro n1 9Ma r c h1 9 0 0[ Hi l p r e c h t 1 9 0 3:5 1 0] . I ti si n t e r e s t i n gt on o t et h a tt h r o u g h o u tHa y n e swa sc o n c e r n e dt h a th i swo r kme nwo u l ds t e a l t a b l e t s–‘ Asu s u a lo nSa t u r d a y st h et a b l e t sa r ec o v e r e dmo r ed e e p l yt h a na to t h e rt i me s ,l e s tt h e r e 1 4) .Si mi l a r l yi fr a i nt h r e a t e n e d s h o u l db et o og r e a tt e mp t a t i o nt od i gt h e mo u to nSu n d a y ’[ i b i d . ,1 7 4] h ewo u l dn o tp r o c e e dwi t he x c a v a t i o n s[ e . g .i b i d . ,1 6 9,1 7 5] . Hi l p r e c h twa sh o r r i f i e da twh a th ef o u n da tNi p p u r .I ti sh a r dt oi ma g i n et h a tt h ea t t e n u a t e d b r i e f i n gt h a tHa y n e sg a v eHi l p r e c h to nt h es t a t eo ft h ee x c a v a t i o n swo u l dh a v ee n c o u r a g e dHi l p r e c h t t ob e l i e v et h a ts c i e n t i f i cp r i n c i p l e so fe x c a v a t i o nh a db e e nd e p l o y e da tt h es i t e .On1 6Ma r c h1 9 0 0 h ewr o t et oMrCl a r ki nPh i l a d e l p h i a[ Hi l p r e c h t1 9 0 0] .Hewa sd i r e c t .Hes t a t e dt h a tt h ee x c a v a t i o n s h a db e e nr u ni n‘ t h eo l dma n n e rwh i c hwa sb a s e du p o nt h eu n f o r t u n a t ei n t e r p r e t a t i o no fy o u r c ommi t t e e ’ so r d e r s( t og e tt a b l e t sa n do b j e c t se v e na tt h ee x p e n s eo fl o s i n gs i g h to ft h ed e v e l o pme n t a n dh i s t o r yo fNu f f a r ) ’[ i b i d . , 1] .Her e v i e we dt h ewo r ko ne a c ho ft h emo u n d s .OfMo u n dVh ewr o t e ‘ Oft h eg e n e r a lp l a no ft h el i b r a r ya n dt h eq u a r t e r so ft h ep r i e s t si nc o n n e c t i o nwi t hi ta n de x a c t i d e awi l lb ef o r mu l a t e db ymy s e l fa n db ep u to np a p e rb yt h ea r c h i t e c t s ’[ i b i d . ,4] .Hewa sa l s o c o n v i n c e dt h a tt h e‘ l i b r a r y ’h a db e e nd e s t r o y e db ya ni n v a d i n gEl a mi t ef o r c ei nt h el a t et h i r d mi l l e n n i u m B. C.[ i b i d . ]a n dt h a ti t se x c a v a t i o nwo u l dt a k e2–3y e a r s[ i b i d . ] .Pu b l i c a l l yHi l p r e c h t [ 1 9 0 3:5 0 9]wa ss c a t h i n go fHa y n e s ’wo r k .Hema d ep u b l i ch i sv i e wt h a th e‘ c o u l dd e c l a r ep o s i t i v e l y a tt h eb e g i n n i n go fMa r c ht h a tweh a dd i s c o v e r e dt h et e mp l el i b r a r yo fa n c i e n tNi p p u r ,a n dt h e mo s ti mp o r t a n to fa l lt h ee a r l i e rBa b y l o n i a ns c h o o l s ’[ i b i d . ,5 1 0] .Hewe n to nt os umma r i s e ,i n t e r p r e t a n dd i s c u s st h er e s u l t so ft h ee x c a v a t i o n s[ i b i d . ,5 1 0–3 2] .I nd o i n gs oh ea c k n o wl e d g e st h ewo r k o fGe e r e( Fi s h e ri sn o tme n t i o n e d[ i b i d . ,5 1 0] ) . Hi l p r e c h ti d e n t i f i e d ,o nt h eb a s i so ft h eb r i c ks i z e s ,t h er e ma i n sf o u n di nt h eu p p e rl e v e l so f Mo u n dV a sPa r t h i a n( t h en ume r o u s‘ g l a z e ds l i p p e rc o f f i n s ’Ha y n e se x c a v a t e ds u p p o r tt h ev i e w) . I nt h eu p p e rt we n t yf e e to ft h emo u n dHi l p r e c h ts t a t e s[ i b i d . ,5 1 1]t h a t4 0 0 0t a b l e t si n c l u d i n gs e v e r a l 14) Ha yne sne ve rwor ke donaSunda y . 12 Ti m CLAYDEN h u n d r e dd o c ume n t sd a t e dt ot h en e oAs s y r i a n ,n e oBa b y l o n i a na n dPe r s i a n sp e r i o d swe r ef o u n di n 1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0,bu ti ti sno tc l e a rwh a th i ss o u r c ef o rt h i ss t a t e me n ti s .I ti su n l i k e l yt h a tHa y n e swo u l d h a v ek n o wn .Hi l p r e c h ti d e n t i f i e dt h et a b l e t sf r om t h el o we rl e v e l so ft h emo u n da sh a v i n gc ome f r o mt h el i b r a r ya n ds c r i b a ls h o o l ( s )o ft h eTe mp l eo fEn l i l[ i b i d . ,5 1 2] . Ho we v e r ,Ha y n e s ’t woa s s i s t a n t sd u r i n gt h es e a s o n ,C. S.Fi s h e ra n dH. V.Ge e r e ,d i dk e e ps ome r e c o r d sa n dt h er e s u l t sa r es umma r i s e di nt h er e p o r tt h e ywr o t ea tt h et i mea n dwh i c hi sp u b l i s h e d h e r ef o rt h ef i r s tt i me .Hi l p r e c h t ,i nh i sp u b l i c a t i o nd r e wh e a v i l yo nt h eFi s h e r /Ge e r et e x t[ i b i d . , 5 0 8–3 2]a n dp u b l i s h e di na t t e n u a t e df o r mt h ep l a n st h a tFi s h e rp u b l i s h e dmo r ef u l l yi n1 9 0 7[ Pl s . 2 5a n d2 6] ,b u twi t h o u ta na c c omp a n y i n gt e x t .Ge e r ea l s od e s c r i b e dt h ee x c a v a t i o no ft h e‘ Te mp l e Li b r a r y ’[ 1 9 0 3:9 9–1 0 1] .A r o u g hma po ft h ea s s o c i a t e da r c h i t e c t u r a lr e ma i n swa sma d eb yFi s h e r a n dp u b l i s h e db yPe t e r s[ 1 9 0 5:1 4 6] ,b u ti td o e sn o ta d dmu c ht ot h ed i s c u s s i o n .Somep h o t o g r a p h s r e ao ft h en o r t he a s ts e c t i o no ft h er e ma i n swa s o ft h ee x c a v a t i o nh a v eb e e np u b l i s h e d15).Ana p u b l i s h e db yHi l p r e c h t[ 1 9 0 3:f a c i n gp a g e5 0 9]a n dGe e r e[ 1 90 3, f a c i n gp a g e10 0] .Th eGe e r e /Fi s h e r r e p o r tc o mp l e me n t sHi l p r e c h t ’ sp u b l i s h e dd i s c u s s i o no ft h ee x c a v a t i o no fa n df i n d sf r om Mo u n dV [ 1 9 0 3:5 0 8–3 2] ,b u twi t h o u tt h e‘ a mb i g u i t i e s ’o fs omeo fHi l p r e c ht ’ ss t a t e me n t so ns p e c i f i co b j e c t s a n dt h er o l eh ep l a y e di ne x c a v a t i o n . Te x to ft heGe e r ea ndFi s he r( 1 9 0 0)r e po r to nt hee x c a v a t i o nsa tMo undVi nt heI Vt hs e a s o n16) No t e st oa c c o mp a n yt h ep r e l i mi n a r yp l a n so fTh eT e mp l eLi b r a r y ,Ni p p u r . Th eTe mp l eLi b r a r yi ss i t u a t e di nHi l lV,o r‘ Ta b l e tHi l l ’ ,amo u n ds e p a r a t e df r om ‘ Te mp l eHi l l ’ b yad e p r e s s i o nt h a tp r o b a b l yma r k sab r a n c ho rb ywa t e ro ft h eo l dSh a te nNi l . Du r i n gt h eo p e r a t i o n so ft h ef i r s te x p e d i t i o nDrHi l p r e c h td e c l a r e dt h a ti nt h i ss e c t i o nwo u l d mo s tp r o b a b l yb ef o u n dt h eLi b r a r yo ft h eTe mp l e ;a n da l t h o u g ht h emo u n dr e ma i n e dp r a c t i c a l l y u n t o u c h e du n t i lt h el a s tc a mp a i g n( 1 8 9 9–1 9 0 0) , wh e ni td i dc omet ob ee x a mi n e dh i sp r o g n o s t i c a t i o n s we r ec o n f i r me di nar e ma r k a b l ema n n e r .A r e c o r df i n do ft a b l e t sh a sb e e nma d eo nt h es p o t ,a n d e n o u g ho ft h e i rc h a r a c t e rh a sa l r e a d yb e e na s c e r t a i n e dt os e ta tr e s ta l ld o u b tc o n c e r n i n gt h e i rb e i n g a c t u a l l yt h ea r c h i v e so ft h eg r e a tTe mp l eo fBe l . Th emo u n di sav e r yl a r g eo n e ,a n da sy e tb a r e l yh a l fo fi th a sb e e ne x p l o r e d .Th eb u i l d i n g s s of a re x c a v a t e db e l o n g i n gt ot h eLi b r a r yp e r i o dma yb es a i dt of a l lr o u g h l yi n t ot wog r o u p s ,wh i c h f o rc o n v e n i e n c ewi l lb es a i dt of a l lr o u g h l yi n t ot wog r o u p s ,wh i c hf o rc o n v e n i e n c ewi l lb er e f e r r e d t ot h eEa s tSe c t i o na n dt h eWe s tSe c t i o nr e s p e c t i v e l y ,a l t h o u g hs t r i c t l ys p e a k i n gt h e ys h o u l dr a t h e r b ec a l l e dt h eNo r t hEa s ta n dSo u t hWe s ts e c t i o n s .Th e ya r es h o wno nt h et wod r a wi n g sma r k e d A( Fi g u r e1 1)a n dB( Fi g u r e1 2) .Atp r e s e n tb e t we e nt h et wos e c t i o n st h e r el i e sa ne n o r mo u sb a r r i e r o fe a r t ha n dd e b r i s ,p i e r c e do n l yb yo n el a r g et u n n e la n daf e wb r a n c ht u n n e l s .An dh e r ei tma y b eu s e f u lt os t a t eb r i e f l yt h ema n n e ri nwh i c ht h ee x c a v a t i o n so nt h i sh i l lwe r ec a r r i e do n ,i no r d e r t h a tac l e a ru n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h er e a s o no ft h ep r e s e n td i s c o n n e c t e ds t a t eo ft h ewo r kma yb ea r r i v e d a t . I nNo v e mb e r( 1 8) 9 9DrHa y n e sp l a c e daf e wg a n g so fme nt oma k et r i a ld i g g i n g so nt h eo u t s k i r t s o ft h emo u n d , wh i c hp r e v i o u st ot h a t t i meh a db e e nd u go n l yi nad e s u l t o r yma n n e ri ni t sNo r t hWe s t e r n p a r tb yDo c t o rPe t e r s[ Pe t e r s1 8 9 7:i i ,1 9 7] . Th ef i r s tr e s u l t so fDrHa y n e s ’wo r kwe r et h ed i s c o v e r yo fag r e a tn umb e ro fb u r i a l so fa l lc l a s s e s a n ds e v e r a l p e r i o d s .Th ema j o r i t yo ft h e s eb u r i a l swe r ei ns l i p p e r s h a p e dc o f f i n s , a n dt h e ywe r emo s t l y o fal a t ep e r i o d .Bu te a r l i e rb u r i a l s–o ft h ed o u b l ej a r ,mo u t ht omo u t h ,t y p e–we r ea l s ou n e a r t h e d , c h i e f l yi nt h eWe s t e r ns e c t i o no ft h eh i l l .I ns omec a s e sg r o u p so fb u r i a l si nma n yd i f f e r e n tv a r i e t i e s 15) A c ol l e c t i onofs o meoft hephot ogr a phst a ke nd ur i ngt heI Vt hs e a s onma ybes e e nonl i nea tht t p: / / di gi l i bt e xt . bu. e du/ s t h/ a r c hona s or / i nde x. php? . p=c ol l e c t . 16) UoPMA,Ni ppur ,Expe di t i onI V,Cont a i ne r16,no.9.285. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 13 o fc o f f i nwe r ed i s c o v e r e dc l o s et o g e t h e r .Th e r ewe r es l i p p e rc o f f i n sa n d‘ b a t ht u b ’s h a p e dc o f f i n s , wi t ha n dwi t h o u t l i d s ; s i n g l ej a r sa n dd o u b l ej a r s , o fa l l s i z e sa n ds h a p e s , s ome t i me sp l a c e dh o r i z o n t a l l y a n ds ome t i me sp e r p e n d i c u l a r l y ; a n dt omb sb u i l t wi t hb u r n t b r i c k s , s omewi t hf l a t c o v e r sa n ds omewi t h a r c h e dr o o f s . Ast h en umb e ro fwo r k me nwa si n c r e a s e da n dmo r ee a r t hwa sr e mo v e dt r a c e so fc r u d eb r i c k wa l l sb e g a nt oa p p e a r ,n o t a b l yo nt h eSo u t hs i d eo ft h emo u n d ;wh i l eo nt h eNo r t hEa s twa sf o u n d al a r g ec ha mb e rb u i l ti nb u r n tb r i c kwi t hac o r b e l l e dr o o f .Th i sl a t t e rb u i l d i n gwa sv e r ys i mi l a rt o 1 7) u tl a r g e r .Asi twa so fal a t e rp e r i o dt h a n t h a td i s c o v e r e da tMu g h e i ra n dd e l i n e a t e db yTa y l o r ,b t h eLi b r a r yb u i l d i n g si tn e e dn o tb ef u r t h e rn o t i c e dh e r e( p r o b a b l yt ob ei d e n t i f i e dwi t ht h es t r u c t u r e d r a wnb yGe e r eo n1 7J a n u a r y1 9 0 0,s e eFi g u r e2 5b e l o w) . Gr a d u a l l yt h es c a t t e r e dg a n g so fwo r k e r swe r ec o n c e n t r a t e do nt wop a r t so ft h emo u n d s ,a n d t woa r e a s( n o ws h o wno ns h e e t sA a n dB)we r ec l e a r e dd o wnt oal o wl e v e l .I nb o t ht h e s ea r e a s we r ef o u n dr e ma i n so fwa l l s–g e n e r a l l yv e r yl o w –b u i l to fc r u d eb r i c k s ,wh i c ha st h es u r r o u n d i n g e a r t hwa sc l e a r e da wa yb e g a nt og r o u pt h e ms e l v e si n t oas e r i e so fc o n n e c t e dc h a mb e r s .Ta b l e t s we r ef o u n di nc o n s i d e r a b l en umb e r s ,a n di nt h et h i r dwe e ki nFe b r u a r yt h eg r e a tf i n do ft a b l e t si n t h eEa s ts e c t i o nt o o kp l a c e ,wh i c he s t a b l i s h e dt h ec h a r a c t e ro ft h eb u i l d i n g sa l mo s tb e y o n dd o u b t . Fi gur e1 1( l e f t ) :Thee as ts e c t i on( ‘ A’ ) d i s c u s s e db yGe e r ea n d Fi s he ri nt he i rpape r [ a f t e rFi s h e r1 9 0 7:Pl . 2 5] . 17) i . e .Ta yl or1855:272–3a ndf i gur epa ge273. Fi gur e12:Thewe s ts e c t i on( ‘ B’ )di s c us s e d byGe e r eand Fi s he ri nt he i r pape r[ af t e rFi s he r1907:Pl . 26] . 14 Ti m CLAYDEN Ast h et i met ol e a v eNi p p u ra p p r o a c h e di tb e c a mev e r ye v i d e n tt h a ti nv i e wo ft h eq u a n t i t y o fwo r kr e ma i n i n gt ob ed o n eo no t h e rp o r t i o n so ft h es i t ei two u l db eu t t e r l yo u to ft h eq u e s t i o n t oc l e a ra wa yt hema s so fe a r t hwh i c hl a yb e t we e nt h et wos e c t i o n so ft h eLi b r a r y .Do c t o rHa y n e s t h e r e f o r ec o n t e n t e dh i ms e l fwi t hd r i v i n gal a r g et u n n e lu n d e rt h emo u n di no r d e rt oc o n n e c tt h e m a n da tt h es a met i met os e ei ft h e r ewa sac h a n c eo fa n ymo r et a b l e t sb e i n gd i s c o v e r e d .Al t h o u g h t h et u n n e le x p o s e dt r a c e so fmo r ebu r i a l s ,n ot a b l e t swe r ef o u n da n dn ot r a c e so fwa l l sc o u l db e p e r c e i v e d .Ne v e r t h e l e s s–b e a r i n gi nmi n dt h ed i f f i c u l t yo fma k i n go u tt h ep r e s e n c eo fc r u d eb r i c k f r a g me n ti nt h ee a r t ho fs u c ht u n n e l swh e ni nawe ts t a t e–i ti sp o s s i b l et h a ta f t e rt h et u n n e ld r i e s o u ts omec o n n e c t i n gl i n k so fb u i l d i n gma yb e c o mea p p a r e n t .Bu ts of a ra si ti sp o s s i b l et oj u d g e a tp r e s e n tt h et wog r o u p so fb u i l d i n g sa p p e a re n t i r e l yi n d e p e n d e n to fe a c ho t h e r . Ho we v e ra st h e ya r eo nt h es a mel e v e l ,a r eb u i l to fb r i c k so ft h es a mes i z e ,a n dp r e s e n tt h e s a meg e n e r a lc h a r a c t e r i s t i c si ti ss a f et oa s s umet h a tt h e ywe r eb u i l ta ta b o u tt h es a met i me .Fu r t h e r , t h e ys e e mt ob ec e r t a i n l yt h ee a r l i e s tb u i l d i n g so n–o ri n–t h i smo u n d . Th a tt h es i t ewa so c c u p i e df o rac o n s i d e r a b l ep e r i o db ys u c c e s s i v es t r u c t u r e swa sma d ea p p a r e n t b yt h er e ma i n soft h eb ui l di ng so fb u r n tbr i c kwh i c hwe r edi s c o v e r e da b o v et h ee a r l yb u i l d i n g so fc r u d e b r i c k ,i nb o t hs e c t i o n s ,wh i l et h ep r e s e n c eo fe a r l yMo h a mme d a nb u r i a l sb r i n g st h ep e r i o do fi t s o c c u p a t i o nd o wnt oq u i t eal a t ed a t e .I nt h eWe s tSe c t i o nt r a c e so fi mp o r t a n ts t r u c t u r e s ,b u i l twi t h 1 8) we r ea l s of o u n d ; l a r g ec r u d eb r i c k s( s i mi l a rt ot h o s eu s e di nt h el a t e rb u i l d i n g so nTe mp l eHi l l ) a n di nt h eSo u t hWe s ta n dSo u t hp o r t i o n so ft h emo u n dma n yt r a c e so fd i f f e r e n tp e r i o d swe r e d i s c o v e r e d .Bu ta l lt h e s et r a c e swe r ev e r yf r a gme n t a r ya n dh a v en o ty e tb e e ns u f f i c i e n t l yu n c o v e r e d t oma k ei tp o s s i b l et of o r ma n yi n t e l l i g e n ts t u d yo ft h e m. Th eb u r n tb r i c kt r a c e sa r ee s p e c i a l l yme a g r e ,a n di ti smo s tp r o b a b l et h a tt h ema t e r i a l swe r e r e mo v e df o ru s ei no t h e r ,l a t e r ,b u i l d i n g s ,a swa ss of r e q u e n t l yt h ec a s ea tNi p p u r .I nc o n n e c t i o n wi t ht h i sb u r n tb r i c kp e r i o do fb u i l d i n gd r a i n so fp o t t e r ywe r ef o u n da ts e v e r a lp o i n t s ,wh i c ha r e ma r k e do nt h ep l a n s ;a n dd i a g r a mss h o wi n gt h e i rc h a r a c t e ra c c o mp a n yt h e s en o t e s( s k e t c h e sC&D – n o tp r e s e r v e d ) .Sof a ra st h e ya r ee x p o s e da n df a l lwi t h i nt h es c o p eo ft h ep l a n st h e s ef r a gme n t s a r ema r k e do nt h ed r a wi n g s ;a n dag l a n c ea tt h eSh e e t sA ( i . e .Fi g u r e1 1)a n dB ( i . e .Fi g u r e1 2) wi l ls h o wh o we x t r e me l ys ma l lt h e ya r e . Sp e a k i n gg e n e r a l l yt h er e ma i n so fb u r n t b r i c ka r ea tas l i g h t l yl o we rl e v e li nt h eWe s tp o r t i o n t h a nt h o s ei nt h eEa s t ,wh i c hwo u l dp o i n tt ot h el a t t e rs e c t i o nh a v i n gb e e nt h emo r ei mp o r t a n ta n d t h e r e f o r et h el o n g e s tma i n t a i n e da n db e s tp r e s e r v e di no r d e r .Th i sb e l i e fwo u l da l s ob es u p p o r t e d b yt h ef a c tt h a tt h el a r g e rn umb e ro ft a b l e t swa sf o u n di nt h ee a s ts e c t i o n ,a n dt h a tt h e ywe r eo f mo r ei mp o r t a n c eg e n e r a l l yt h a nt h o s et h a tc a mef r o mt h eWe s t . Th eo n l yp a r t so ft h er e ma i n swi t hwh i c ht h e s en o t e swi l lc o n c e r nt h e ms e l v e s ,h o we v e r ,a r e t h ee a r l ys t r a t a ,wh i c hi n d u b i t a b l yr e p r e s e n tt h eTe mp l eLi b r a r y . Fr o mt h ep h o t o g r a p h s( n o s .1 7 9,Fi g u r e1 3;a n d1 8 1,Fi g u r e1 4)t h ec omp a r a t i v e l yl o wc h a r a c t e r o ft h er e ma i n sa sc omp a r e dwi t ht h ed e p t ho ft h emo u n dc a nb ec l e a r l ys e e n ;a n dwh e ni ti sc o n s i d e r e d t h a tt h ewa l l swe r ec o n s t r u c t e do fc r u d eb r i c k sl a i di nmu dmo r t a ri twi l lb er e a d i l yu n d e r s t o o dt h a t i t wa so f t e ne x t r e me l yd i f f i c u l t t od i s t i n g u i s ht h e mf r o mt h ed e b r i sa n dt oa v o i di n j u r i n gt h e mo rc u t t i n g t h e ma wa yi nt h ec o u r s eo fd i g g i n go p e r a t i o n s .I tmu s ta l s ob es t e a d i l yb o r n ei nmi n dt h a tt h e r e i sa tl e a s tap r o b a b i l i t yt h a ts u b s e q u e n te x c a v a t i o n sma yr e s u l ti nt h et wos e c t i o n sb e i n gs h o wnt o h a v eb e e nl i n k e dt o g e t h e rb yo t h e rb u i l d i n g so fap e r i o dc o n t e mp o r a r ywi t ht h e ms e l v e s .Somu c h p r e mi s e dwewi l lp r o c e e dt ot h ec o n s i d e r a t i o no ft h er e ma i n si nd e t a i l ,f i r s tn o t i c i n gt h ep o i n t swh i c h t h et wos e c t i o n sp o s s e s si nc ommo n . Th eb u i l d i n g sa p p e a rt oh a v eb e e ne r e c t e di na ne r r a t i cwa y ,n og e n e r a ls c h e meh a v i n gb e e n f o l l o we d ,wi t ht h er e s u l tt h a tn ob a l a n c e dp l a ni sd i s c o v e r a b l ei nt h ewo r k .Ro omso p e no u tf r om 18) Thebr i c ksa r epr oba bl yt obea s s oc i a t e dwi t ht hePa r t hi a nbr i c ksc ha r a c t e r i s t i coft hef or ts t r uc t ur ebui l ta bovet hez i ggur a ta r e a . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 15 o n ea n o t h e r ,r a t h e rt h a n o u to fc o r r i d o r s o r p a s s a g e s ,a n dn ol a r g e c e n t r a lh a l lo rc o u r t y a r d h a sa sy e t b e e nd i s c o v e r e d . Pe r h a p ss u c hac o u r t y a r d ma yl i e be t we e nt h e s e c t i o n s . Th e n ,t o o ,i t wi l lb en o t i c e dt h a tt h e b u i l d e r sh a v eo f t e nf a i l e d t o ma k et h e wa l l so f c h a mb e r sa tr i g h ta n g l e s t oo n ea n o t h e r ;a n di n s o me c a s e se x t r e me l y n a r r o wo p e n i n g sa r et o b es e e n–e s p e c i a l l yi s t h i st h ec a s ei nt h eWe s t s e c t i o n–t o on a r r o wl y d e c i d e d l yf o rp a s s a g e s , Fi gur e13:S t r uc t ur e sonMoundVi nPhot ono.179di s c us s e dbyGe e r eandFi s he r wh i c ha r ea l mo s t c e r t a i n l y i nt h e i rpape r . t h er e s u l to ft h ed i f f e r e n t r o o ms ,o rg r o u p so f r o o ms , b e i n gb u i l t wi t h o u t a n yf i x e dp l a na n di na wa y i n d e p e n d e n t o f e a c ho t h e r .Th ev a r i o u s c h a mb e r sa r ea l lo fv e r y s ma l ld i me n s i o n s . No wh e r ewe r et h e r e t r a c e st os h o wh o wt h e r o o ms we r eo r i g i n a l l y l i t ,n o rh o wt h e ywe r e r o o f e d .Bu ti ti ss a f et o a s s umet h a tt h er o o f i n g wa sb yme a n so fwo o d e n b e a ms ,wh i c hp r o b a b l y s u p p o r t e df l a tr o o f so f ma t t i n ga n dmu d ,s i mi l a r t ot h o s ec o n s t r u c t e di n t h ec o u n t r ya tt h ep r e s e n t Fi gur e14:S t r uc t ur e sonMo undVi nPhot ono.181di s c us s e dbyGe e r eandFi s he r d a y . Th e wa l l sa r e i nt he i rpape r . e n t i r e l yt o ot h i nt oh a v e a l l o we do fas y s t e mo fb r i c kv a u l t i n gt oh a v eb e e nu s e d ;a n dmo r e o v e rs c a r c e l ya n yb r i c kd e b r i s wa se x c a v a t e df r om t h er o omst h e ms e l v e s ,s u c ha so u g h tt oh a v eb e e nl o o k e df o ri ft h e yh a db e e n v a u l t e d .Ofc o u r s e ,i tma yb eu r g e dt h a ti ft h er o omswe r ev a u l t e di nc r u d eb r i c kt h ema t e r i a l s wo u l dh a v ec r umb l e da n dd e c a y e di ns u c haf a s h i o na st ob e c omei n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l ef r om t h ed e b r i s a n dmu dwh i c hf i l l e dt h er o oms .Bu ta g a i n s tt h i st h e r ei st h ea l mo s ti n s u r mo u n t a b l ed i f f i c u l t yo f c o n s t r u c t i n gv a u l t i n go fa n ys o r to ns u c ht h i nwa l l s .Ag a i n ,b r i c kv a u l t i n gwo u l db ea l mo s ts u r e 16 Ti m CLAYDEN t og i v ewa ywi t has u d d e nf a l l ,wh i c hwo u l di n e v i t a b l yh a v ec r u s h e dt h et a b l e t swh e r et h e yl a y , wh e r e a saf l a t ,mu dc o a t e dr o o fwo u l dg i v ewa yv e r yg r a d u a l l y ,c omme n c i n gb yl e a k i n gb a d l y– a st h e yma yb es e e nt od oi nh u n d r e d so fc a s e sn o wa d a y s . Th ewa s h i n g sf a l l i n gi n t ot h er o omsi nas t r e a mo fl i q u i dmu dwo u l dg r a d u a l l yc o a tt h et a b l e t s o v e ra n dc e me n tt h e mi nt oj u s ts u c hama s sa st h e ywe r ef o u n d( n o t a b l yi nRo om 1 8) .Th u st h e t a b l e t swo u l dg r a d u a l l yb ec o v e r e ds u f f i c i e n t l yt op r o t e c tt h e mf r o mf u r t h e rd a ma g ewh e nt h er o o f e v e n t u a l l yc r umb l e da n df e l li no nt h ec h a mb e r s ;a n dt h es u b s e q u e n ta c c umu l a t i o no fd e b r i swo u l d b es og r a d u a lt h a tt h et a b l e t swo u l dn o ts u f f e rb yi t sg r o wt h . Th ef a c tt h a tt h et a b l e t swe r ef o u n d( i n s o mei n s t a n c e sa tl e a s t )o nl e d g e s ,e v i d e n t l ya s a r r a n g e db yt h ep r i e s t si nc h a r g e ,o rl i b r a r i a n s , r a t h e rs h o ws ,t oo u rmi n d s ,t h a tt h ed e c a yo ft h e b u i l d i n gwa sg r a d u a l ;f o rh a di tb e e nd u et o s u d d e nd e s t r u c t i o nb yac o n q u e r o rwo u l dn o tt h e v a l u a b l er e c o r d sh a v eb e e ne i t h e rs e i z e do r wa n t o n l yd e s t r o y e db yh i m?I ft h el i b r a r yc a me t ob eg r a d u a l l yn e g l e c t e da n du n c a r e df o r–i n c o n s e q u e n c eo fb e i n g‘ o u to fd a t e ’ ,o rb yt h e g r o wt ho fan e ws e c to rn e ws c h o o lo fl e a r n i n g , o rf r o ma n yc a u s ewh a t s o e v e r–i ti sq u i t el i k e l y t h a tt h er o o msa n dt h er e c o r d swh i c hf o r me d t h e i rc o n t e n t swo u l db ea l l o we dt of a l lg r a d u a l l y Fi gur e15:Af ur t he rphot ogr aphofs t r uc t ur e sonMound i n t od i s u s e ,a n dag e n t l ed e c a ywo u l dh a v es e t V( phot o no.177) .I ti snotdi s c us s e d by i n ,j u s ta ss e e mst oh a v eb e e nt h ec a s e .No t Ge e r eandFi s he r ,buts howsmor ee x ampl e s t h es l i g h t e s tt r a c eo ft i mb e rwa sf o u n do nt h e oft hes or t sofs t r uc t ur e st he yr e c or de d. s i t e ,b u ti ns u c had a mps i t u a t i o ni tc o u l dn o t b ee x pe c t e dt h a two o dwo u l dl a s t ;a n di ti smo r e o v e rmo s tp r o b a b l et h a tt h er o o f i n gb e a mswe r e 1 9) .Th e nt h ed r i f ts l o wl yg a t h e r e di na n do v e rt h en e g l e c t e dr u i n swo u l d r e mo v e df o ru s ee l s e wh e r e p r o d u c ej u s ts u c he f f e c t sa swe r eo b s e r v e d . I ft h er o o mswe r el i tb ywi n d o wsa ta l l ,t h eo p e n i n g smu s th a v eb e e np l a c e dv e r yh i g hu p , n e a rt h ec e i l i n g , f o rn os i g n so fa n y t h i n go ft h es o r twa sd i s c o v e r e di nt h ewa l l i n gwh i c hs t i l lr e ma i n e d . Th es y s t e mo fl i g h t i n gt h er o o msb yo p e n i n g si nt h er o o fwo u l dh a v eh a r d l yb e e ns u i t a b l ef o rs u c h c h a mb e r ss i n c ei two u l de x p o s et h ep r e c i o u st a b l e t st o omu c ht ot h ea c t i o no ft h er a i na n ds t o r ms . I ft h ec h a mb e r sd e p e n d e du p o nt h ed o o r wa y so n l yf o rt h e i rl i g h t i n gt h e ymu s ti n d e e dh a v eb e e n d a r k ,f o rt h o s eop e n i ng swe r ee x t r e me l yn a r r o wa sar u l e–t h er e p r e s e n t a t i v es i z ema yb et a k e n f r o m 0. 7 1 2×0. 7 8 7m –a n di ns u c hc a s e sa sCh a mb e r s3a n d7( e a s ts e c t i o n )h a r d l ya n yl i g h ta t a l lc a nh a v ef i l t e r e dt h r o u g ht h eo u t e rr o oms .Pr o b a b l ya r t i f i c i a ll i g h twa su s e di ns u c hp a r t s .Or , a g a i n ,t h et a b l e t sma yh a v eb e e no n l ys t o r e di nt h e s er o oms ,a n dh a v eb e e nt a k e no u t ,t ot h eTe mp l e o re l s e wh e r e ,f o ru s eo rr e f e r e n c e ,a so c c a s i o nr e q u i r e d . I nn os i n g l ec a s ewa sa n yt r a c eo ff l o o r i n go b s e r v e d ,a n di ti st ob ep r e s ume dt h a tt h er o oms we r es i mp l yf l o o r e d ,s ot os p e a k ,b yt h ee a r t hb e i n gwe l lt r o d d e ni no rr a mme dd o wn . Wes a wn ot r a c e so fp l a s t e r i n g–n o te v e no fmu dp l a s t e r–i na n yp a r to ft h eb u i l d i n g s ,a n d c e r t a i n l yn os i g no fp a i n tr e ma i n i n go na n yo ft h ewa l l s ;b u to nt h el e d g ei nRo om 1 8wh e r et h e t a b l e t swe r ed i s c o v e r e di ts e e me da si ft h e r eh a db e e nac o a t i n go fb i t ume n .Su c han a t u r a lc o u r s e o fp r o t e c t i n gt h er e c o r d sf r om d a mpwo u l dc e r t a i n l ys e e ml i k e l yt oh a v ec omme n d e di t s e l ft ot h e 19) I nf a rdr i e rs i t ua t i onsa tNi ppur ,a ndi npa r t sofmu c hmo r er e c e ntda t et ha nt heLi br a r y( e . g.abr i c kva ul t e dt o mbont e mp l eHi l l ) woodha sbe e nf ounds of a rpe r i s he da ndde c a ye da st obes c a r c e l yr e c ogni z a bl e . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 17 p r i e s t ;b u twec a nn o ts a yp o s i t i v e l yt h a tt h es u b s t a n c eo b s e r v e dwa sb i t ume n . Tot u r nn o wt oDr a wi n gA ( Fi g u r e1 1) ,wh i c hs h o wst h eEa s tSe c t i o n :–i twi l lb eo b s e r v e d t h a tt h er o o msi nt h ea r e as of a re x c a v a t e df a l li n t ot wop r i n c i p a lg r o u p s ,t h ef i r s tc o n s i s t i n go ft h e r o o msf r o m 1t o2 8a n dt h es e c o n do ft h o s en umb e r e d3 1t o3 7.Be t we e nt h e s et wog r o u p st h e r e a r eaf e wf r a g me n t so fwa l l i n g ,b u tn o t h i n gt oe n a b l et h ei n t e r v e n i n gs p a c et ob ef i l l e di no np l a n . I na l ll i k e l i h o o dt h i si n t e r v e n i n gs p a c ewa sc o v e r e dwi t hb u i l d i n g s ;b u ta st h el a n dwa sl o we rt h e yh a v e n o tb e e ns owe l lp r e s e r v e d . Th es o u t h e r ng r o u pp r e s e n t sv e r yf e wp o i n t so fi n t e r e s t .Th es o u t he a s twa l lo fRo om 3 2s e e ms t oh a v eb e e nc u r i o u s l yc u r v e d ,a n di ss os h o wno nt h ep l a n ;b u tt h er e ma i n swe r ev e r yi n d i s t i n c t a tt h i sp a r t .Twoe x p l a n a t i o n so ft h i sr o u n d i n go f fo ft h ea n g l ep r e s e n tt h e ms e l v e s .Th ef i r s ti s t h a tt h ewa l lwa sb r o k e na wa y , o rc o l l a p s e d , o wi n gt os omeu n e x p l a i n e dc a u s e , a n da f t e r wa r d sp a t c h e d u pi nac l u ms yf a s h i o n .Th es e c o n d ,a n dmo r ep r o b a b l e ,i st h a tt h ei d e awa st og a i nmo r ep a s s a g e r o o mo nt h ee x t e r i o ro ft h eb u i l d i n g ,b e t we e ni ta n ds omeo t h e rs t r u c t u r eo fwh i c ha l lt r a c e sh a v e n o wd i s a p p e a r e d .Su c ha n g l i n g sa r ev e r yc ommo ni nBa g h d a da n do t h e rEa s t e r nc i t i e sa tt h ep r e s e n t d a y . Th er o omsa l lo b v i o u s l yf o r me dp a r to fas i n g l eb u i l d i n g ,s i n c et h e ya r ec o n n e c t e dt h r o u g h o u t ; b u tu n f o r t u n a t e l yi ti sn o tp o s s i b l et os a ywh e r et h ema i ne n t r a n c et ot h eb u i l d i n gwa ss i t u a t e d . I nt h el a r g e rg r o u pt ot h eNo r t h( n o s .2 2–2 7)wes e e mt oh a v ea n o t h e rd i s t i n c tb u i l d i n g20). Th ep a r t sma r k e d1 2a n d1 3wo u l da p p e a rt ob ea ne x t e r i o rp a s s a g e ,o ra l l e y ,a n dt h eb u t t r e s s l i k e pr o j e c t i o no nt h ee x t e r i o ro f1 4i sq u i t ei nk e e p i n gwi t ht h ea r c h i t e c t u r a ls t y l eo b s e r v e di no t h e r p o r t i o n so ft h ewo r ka tNi p p u r( e . g .t h es i mi l a rp r o j e c t i o n so nt h el a t t e rs t r u c t u r es h o wno nSh e e t Bi . e .Fi g u r e1 2–t ot h en o r t hwe s t ) .Mo s tl i k e l yas i mi l a rb u t t r e s swa sp l a c e do nt h eo t h e rs i d e ( t h ewe s t ,t h a ti st os a y )o ft h ed o o r wa y ,a n di tmu s th a v eb e e nc u ta wa yi nt h ec o u r s eo ft h ed i g g i n g s . Ac c e p t i n gt h i sa r r a n g e me n t ,t h en a r r o wc h a mb e r1 4wa se v i d e n t l yt h ep o r t e ro rc u s t o d i a n ’ sb o x , wh i l e 1 7wa st h eh a l lo ft h eb u i l d i n g .I twi l lb es e e nt h a tt h e r ea r et r a c e so fad o o r wa yi nt h eNo r t hWe s t a n g l eo ft h i sh a l l ,wh e r eas h o r tt u n n e lh a sb e e nd r i v e n .Th ewa l lb e t we e n2 2a n d2 3ma ya l s o o wei t sa p p a r e ntp e c u l i a r i t yt oh a v i n gb e e nu n wi t t i n g l yc u ta wa yi nt h ed i g g i n go p e r a t i o n s ;f o rv e r y f e wc o u r s e so fi t sb r i c k wo r kr e ma i n e d . I nr o o m1 8,a tt h eNo r t he n d ,wa sal o wl e d g e ,o rma s t a b a,b u i l tu pi nc r u d eb r i c k st oah e i g h t o fa b o u th a l fame t e rf r o mt h ea p p a r e n tf l o o rl e v e l ,u p o nwh i c hag r e a tn umb e ro ft a b l e t swe r e d i s c o v e r e d ,a sa l r e a d ys t a t e d .Ev i d e n t l yt h i swa sas h e l ff o rt h es t o r a g eo fs omeo ft h emo s tv a l u a b l e d o c ume n t s ,a n ds e v e r a lo ft h et a b l e t sf o u n dt h e r ewe r eo ft h el a r g e s ts i z e .A s i mi l a rf i n dwa sma d e na n da r o u n dt h i sg r o u po fr o omswe r ef o u n d o nt h eo u t s i d eo ft h eSo u t hwa l lo fr o om 2 721).I t h o u s a n d so ft a b l e t s .I nt h en o r t ha n g l eo f2 6a g a i nwa swh a ts e e me dt ob eal e d g es i mi l a rt ot h a t i n1 8,a n daf e wt a b l e t swe r ef o u n di ni t sv i c i n i t ya l s o . Th er o o msn umb e r e d1a n d3–5v e r ye v i d e n t l yb e l o n g e dt oa n o t h e rb u i l d i n g ,o fwh i c h1wa s p l a i n l yt h eh a l l ,o rma i nr o om.Pr o b a b l yt h et h r e es ma l lc h a mb e r swe r eu s e df o rk e e p i n gd i f f e r e n t c l a s s e so ft a b l e t so rr e c o r d si n .Wh e t h e rt h ep a r t sma r k e d2a n d6–1 1a l s ob e l o n g e dt ot h i sb u i l d i n g , o ri fn o th o wt h e ywe r ed i s t r i b u t e d ,c a nh a r d l yb es a i du n t i lf u r t h e re x c a v a t i o n st h r o w mo r el i g h t o nt h es u b j e c t .J u d g i n gb yt h es i z eo ft h eb u i l d i n go nt h eSo u t hs i d eo ft h ea l l e y( 1 2–1 3)i ti s 20) Unl e s s16,19a nd20be l ongt oas e c ondpa r t ,a si ss ugge s t e dbyt heope ni ngf r o m 16i nt ot hepa s s a geont heNor t h( 13) . 21) I nt hepub l i s he dpl a noft hea r e a[ Fi s he r1907:Pl .26]i ti sa nnot a t e d‘ Roo m oft hepr i s ms ’ .I nhi sdi gnot e sHa yne sr e f e r st o15 c o mp l e t eorf r a g me nt a r ypr i s msha vi ngbe e nf ounda tMoundV.Thepr e c i s epr ove na nc e sa r eunc l e a rs oi ti sunc e r t a i ni ft h e ya l l a nua r y1900( ‘ 1f r a g me ntofal a r ger e c t a ngul a r c a mef r o m Roo m 28i nt hee a s tSe c t i on.Theobj e c t sf oundwe r ea sf ol l ows :-on8thJ pr i s m’ ) ;10thJ a nua r y1900( ‘ 2f r a g[ me nt ] sofl a r ger e c t a ngul a rpr i s m’ ) ;15thJ a nua r y1900( ‘ 1s oundr e c t a ngul a rpr i s mf r o ml o we rl e v e l . t h ¾i n[ c h]l onga nde a c hf a c e3¾ i n[ c he s ]wi de ’ ) ;17 J a nua r y1900( 2pr i s msa ndha l fapr i s ma l s of r o ml o we rl e v e l ’ ) ;2 5thJ a nua r y 1900( ‘ 2f r a g me nt a r yr e c t a ngul a rpr i s ms ’ ) ;27thJ a nua r y1900( ‘ 1f r a g[ me nt ]r e c t a ngul a rpr i s m,2[ f r a g me nt s ]pe nt a gona l[ pr i s m] ’ ) ; t h 29 J a nua r y1900( ‘ 2l a r gef r a g[ me nt s ]ofr e c t a ngul a rpr i s ms ’ ) ;a nd15th Fe br ua r y1900( ‘ 3r e c t a ngul a rpr i s msf ul l yi ns c r i be d’ ) . 18 Ti m CLAYDEN l i k e l yt h a tt h e ywe r ea l lp a r to ft h es a meh o u s eo rq u a r t e r ;b u ta g a i n s tt h i smu s tb es e tt h ei mp o r t a n t f a c tt h a tt h ewa l lb o u n d i n g1–3c e r t a i n l yh a da l lt h ea p p e a r a n c eo fa ne x t e r i o rwa l l . I twi l lb en o t e d( a t3)t h a tt h el a t t e rb u i l d i n gi nb u r n tb r i c kf o l l o we dt h el i n e so ft h ee a r l i e r o n ea tl e a s ti np a r t ;a n di tma ywe l lb et h a tt h eo r i g i n a lp l a nwa sc a r r i e do nwh e nt h ef i r s tb u i l d i n g s we r ea b a n d o n e d . OnDr a wi n gB ( Fi g u r e1 2)t h er o omso ft h eWe s ts e c t i o na r es h o wn .Aswi l lb es e e nf r om t h ed r a wi n g ,b e t we e nr o oms1a n d2 9–4 4t h e r ei sal a r g eu n e x c a v a t e da r e a ;a n di ts h o u l db es t a t e d h e r et h a ti nt h el a t t e rp o r t i o ne s p e c i a l l yt h ep a r t swh i c hh a v eb e e ne x p o s e da r eo f t e nc o n n e c t e do n l y b yt u n n e l s . I nt h i ss e c t i o n ,i twi l lb es e e n ,mu c ho ft h eb u i l d i n g ss e e mt oh a v eb e e nl o s to rr e mo v e d ,wi t h t h er e s u l tt h a tt h ep l a ni se x t r e me l yp u z z l i n g .I twi l lb ep e r c e i v e da to n c et h a twa l l sa r eo fv a r y i n g t h i c k n e s s ;a n da l t h o u g hi tmu s tb et a k e no n l ya sc o n j e c t u r e ,i two u l ds e e msl i k e l yt h a ti nt h eEa s t s e c t i o no ft h ep a r te x c a v a t e dt h e r ewa sab u i l d i n ge n c l o s e db yat h i c kwa l l( 5f t6i n )wh i c hma y b et r a c e da sb o u n d i n gt h er o omsf r o m 1–1 2,a n dp o s s i b l yt u r n i n gNo r t hWe s ta l o n g1 5t h u si n c l u d i n g t h er o oms1 5–1 8.Ag a i na t9aa n d2 5at h e r ea r er e ma i n so fas i mi l a rl a r g ewa l l ,b u tt h e yd on o t a p p e a rt ob ei na n ywa yc o n n e c t e dwi t ha n yo t h e rp o r t i o no ft h eb u i l d i n g s ;a n dh e r ea tl e a s ti ti s a b s o l u t e l yn e c e s s a r yt oa wa i tf u r t h e rd e v e l o pme n t so ft h ee x c a v a t i o n sb e f o r ea d v a n c i n ga n yt h e o r y a ta l l . Th ewa l lt ot h eSo u t hEa s to f3 0i sp a r a l l e lt ot h ewa l l so f1 6a n d2 1, a n dwh e nt h es p a c eb e t we e n t h e s ewa l l si se x c a v a t e dac o n n e c t i n gs e r i e so fr o omsma yb ec o n f i d e n t l yl o o k e df o r . Atp r e s e n tt h eo n l yc h a mb e r swh i c hl o o ka ta l ll i k ec e n t r a lh a l l sa r eNo s .8a n d2 5.Fr om 8 t h es e r i e so fs ma l lc h a mb e r s1–3a n d4–7mi g h tb ee n t e r e d .Ac c e p t i n gt h i sa r r a n g e me n twes h o u l d p l a c e5a sal o b b ya n d1 1wa sp r o b a b l yt h ep o r c h .Th e nt h eSo u t hWe s twa l lo f1 2ma yb er e g a r d e d a sh a v i n gr u nt h r o u g ha n do n l yb e e nc u ta wa yi nt h ee x c a v a t i o n s .I nt h i sg r o u pRo om1h a sap e c u l i a r f e a t u r ei nt h el o n ga n dv e r yn a r r o wr e c e s s .Th i swa smu c ht o on a r r o wf o rap a s s a g ewa y ,a n di t c a no n l yh a v eb e e nu s e da sas t o r a g ep l a c ei ts e e ms . Fr o m2 5a c c e s sc o u l db eg a i n e de i t h e rd i r e c t l yo ri n d i r e c t l yt ot h er o omsn u mb e r e d1 9–2 8, a n di ft h e r ea r emo r er o o mst ot h eNo r t hEa s t–a si sa l mo s tc e r t a i n l yt h ec a s e–t h e ywi l lb ef o u n d t ob e l o n gt ot h i sg r o u pi na l lp r o b a b i l i t y . Th eLs h a p e dn a r r o wo p e n i n gf r om 2 0o nt o1 4i sp u z z l i n g ,a se x a mi n a t i o no fi tu p o nt h es p o t l e a du st ot h eb e l i e ft h a ti twa sn o td u et ot h ewa l lh a v i n gb e e nc u ta wa ya tt h i sp o i n t .I ts e e me d r a t h e rap a r to ft h eo r i g i n a lc o n s t r u c t i o n .Bu twh a tp u r p o s ei ts e r v e dwec a n n o ta t t e mp tt os a y ; u n l e s sawa t e r c o u r s ewa sc a r r i e dt h r o u g hi t . Th el a r g ewa l ls h o wni nt h eNo r t hWe s to ft h ep l a n ,wi t ht h es y s t e mo fr e c e s s i n gu p o ni t s o u t e rs u r f a c eb e l o n g s ,a sh a sb e e np r e v i o u s l ys t a t e d ,t oap e r i o dp o s t e r i o rt ot h a to ft h eLi b r a r y Bu i l d i n g s . Wi t hr e g a r dt ot h ec h a mb e r sn u mb e r e df r o m3 0u p wa r d swec a no f f e rn os u g g e s t i o n s .Th e y we r ec h i e f l ye x c a v a t e db e f o r et h el a s tc a mp a i g n ,a n ds omu c hd e b r i sh a sa c c umu l a t e da r o u n dt h e m t h a twec a nd on omo r et h a ns h o wt h e mo nt h ep l a n ,a n dl e a v ec o n s i d e r a t i o no ft h e mt oaf u t u r e d a t e . I nt h i sWe s ts e c t i o no ft h ewo r kt h et a b l e t swe r ef o u n dl y i n ga b o u ti na na p p a r e n t l yp r omi s c u o u s f a s h i o n .No n ewe r ed i s c o v e r e do nl e d g e s ,a si nt h eEa s ts e c t i o n ,n o rwe r ea n yl e d g e st h e ms e l v e s f o u n d .Th el a r g e s tf i n do ft a b l e t si nt h i ss e c t i o nwa sma d en e a rt h ed o o r wa yo fr o om 6. [ En do ft e x t ] e a s o n Th eGe e r e /Fi s h e rr e p o r tg i v e sa ni mp r e s s i o no n l yo fwh a twa se x c a v a t e di nt h eI Vth s o fe x c a v a t i o n so nMo u n dV.I tp r o v i d e si l l umi n a t i n gd e t a i lo nt h eb u i l d i n gr e ma i n so ft h ee a r l ys e c o n d mi l l e n n i u m B. C.h o u s i n gr e ma i n si nwh i c ht a b l e t swe r ef o u n d .Th ea c c o u n ti sc omp l e me n t e db y THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 19 Hi l p r e c h t ’ sp u b l i s h e dc omme n t s .I np a r t i c u l a rt h ec o n t e x t si nwh i c ht h et a b l e t swe r ef o u n da r e h i g h l i g h t e d .Wh i l ema n ywe r ef o u n di nd i s t u r b e dc o n t e x t s ,al a r g en umb e ro ft a b l e t swe r ef o u n d o ns h e l v e so fb r i c kc o v e r e di nb i t ume no ro fwo o d .Th et a b l e t swe r ef o u n di ng r o u p swh e r et h e y h a dc o l l a p s e da st h eb u i l d i n g sd e c a y e da b o u tt h e m.Th eCBSc a t a l o g u er e c o r d st h a to n l y2 5 0t a b l e t s we r ef o u n di nMo u n dV i nt h eI Vt hs e a s ono fe x c a v a t i o n s .Wh a ti su t t e r l yl o s ti sa n yp o s s i b i l i t y o fi d e n t i f y i n gp a r t i c u l a rc o n t e x t st os p e c i f i ct a b l e t so re v e ng r o u p so ft e x t s . As e to ff i n i s h e dd r a wi n g so ft h et r e n c h e sa n di ns omec a s e ss e c t i o nst hr o u g ht h e ma n da p p a r e n t l y i n t e n d e df o rp u b l i c a t i o n( wh i c hd i dn o th a p p e n )we r ep r e p a r e db yH. V.Ge e r ea tNi p p u r .Th e s e d r a wi n g sa r en o wi nt h eUoMP A( Fi g u r e s1 6–2 7b e l o w) .Th ed r a wi n g si l l u s t r a t ean umb e ro fp o i n t s . Mo s tb a s i c a l l yt h e yd e mo n s t r a t et h a tt h e r ewe r ea tl e a s t3 7t r e n c h e so nMo u n dV.Th e ya l s os h o w t h es h e e rs c a l eo ft h ee x c a v a t i o n s .Se v e r a ll i s tt h ec u b i cme t r e so fe a r t ht h a twe r ee x c a v a t e df r om e a c ht r e n c ha n dma n ys h o wt h es t e p sc u tb yt h ewo r kme nt oa l l o wa c c e s st ot h et r e n c h e sa st h e y d e s c e n d e d .On l yo n ep l a ns h o wst h ef i n d s p o t so ft a b l e t s–Tr e n c h2 2( Fi g u r e2 2) . Fi gur e16:Tr e nc h1,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e1 1De c e mbe r1899( UoPMAM23–3, no.9) . 20 Ti m CLAYDEN Fi gur e 17:Tr e nc h 2,Mo und V ,Se as on I V . Dr awn by H. V . Ge e r e 12 De c e mbe r 1899 ( UoPMA M23–3,no.12) . Fi gur e18:Tr e nc he s4and5wi t hs e c t i on,Mo un dV , Se as on I V .Dr awn by H. V .Ge e r e 19th J anuar y1900( UoPMAM23–3,no.26) . Fi gur e19:Tr e nc he s6–9,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e19Fe br uar y 1900( UoPMAM23–4,no.10) . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 21 Fi gur e20:Tr e nc he s12–14,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e31J anuar y 1900( UoPMAM23–3,no.17) . Fi gur e21:Tr e nc he s15 and 16,Mo und V ,Se as on I V . Dr awn by H. V .Ge e r e 13 Fe br uar y 1900 ( UoPMAM23–4,no.6) . 22 Ti m CLAYDEN Fi gur e22:Tr e nc he s21–25,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e20J anuar y1900( UoPMA M23–3,no.34) . Fi gur e23:Tr e nc he s26–28,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e6Fe br uar y1900( UoPMA M23–3,no.35) . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 23 Fi gur e24:Tr e nc he s29–32,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V .Ge e r e6Fe br uar y1900( UoPMAM23–3,no.36) . 24 Ti m CLAYDEN Fi gur e25:A wat e rc our s ei n Tr e nc h no.32, Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V . Ge e r e7Fe br uar y1900( UoPMAM23–3,no.38) . Fi gur e26:Tr e nc he s33–37,Mo undV ,Se as onI V .Dr awnbyH. V . Ge e r e7Fe br uar y1900( UoPMAM23–4,no.1) . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 25 Fi gur e27:Ac or be lt ombonMo undV , Se a s onI V . Dr awnbyH. V . Ge e r e17J anuar y1900( UoPMAM23–3, no.24) . Subs e que nte x c a v a t i o nso nMo undV Wi t ht h eu n f o r t u n a t ePe t e r s /Hi l p r e c h ta r g ume n tr u n n i n g ,i n t e r e s ti nf u r t h e re x c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p u r d i s a p p e a r e d .Ho we v e r ,v i s i t o r sd i dt r a v e lt ot h es i t e .I n1 9 0 4Ed g a rJ .Ba n k s ,o nh i swa yb a c k f r o mh i ss e a s o na tBi s ma y a( Ad a b )v i s i t e dNi p p u r .Hed e s c r i b e dt h es i t e .Hewr o t et h a twh i l e‘ Th e s a n d s t o r msa tBi s ma y awo u l df i l lo u rd e e p e s tt r e n c h e si nas i n g l en i g h t ,b u ta tNi p p u rt h et r e n c h e s we r ea se mp t ya n da sc l e a na st h e yh a db e e nl e f ty e a r sb e f o r e .Th ec o u r to fc o l umn s( i . e .Tr e n c h I )s e e me da si fi th a dj u s tb e e ne x c a v a t e d ’[ Ba n k s1 9 1 2:3 5 8] .Ha l ls a w Ni p p u ri n1 9 1 9a n dwa s s t r u c kb yt h es c a l eo ft h er e ma i n s[ 1 9 3 0:6 3–4] .Hewa se q u a l l ys t r u c kb yt h ee v i d e n c eo ft h e e x c a v a t i o nt e c h ni qu e st h a th a dbe e nu s e da tNi p p u r .Hewr o t et h a tt h ee x c a v a t e dr e ma i n so ft h et e mp l e g a v e‘ ag o o di d e ao ft h ec omp l i c a t e dt y p eo fe x c a v a t i o nf o l l o we db yt h eAme r i c a nd i g g e r s ,wi t h i t su n d e r c u tmi n i n gg a l l e r i e s ,i t sc o r r i d o r sa n dt u n n e l s ,i t se a r t hc u ts t e p sf o rt h ewo r kme n ,i t sa r c h e s t os u p p o r th i g h e rs t r a t at h a ti twa sd e s i r e dt op r e s e r v e , a n ds of o r t h .I tl o o k sr a t h e rl i k eac r o s sb e t we e n 2 2) d e v i s i n g ’[ i b i d . ,6 4] . aKi mb e r l e yd i a mo n dmi n ea n daf a n t a s t i cg n ome ’ sc a s t l eo fSi me ’ s Ana e r i a lp h o t o g r a p ho fNi p p u rt a k e nb ya nRAFp i l o ti n1 9 3 0,3 0y e a r sa f t e rt h ee x c a v a t i o n s c l o s e da tNi p p u r ,s h o wst h ea r e ao ft h ema i ne x c a v a t i o n si nt h ee a s ta n dwe s ts e c t i o n so nMo u n d V( Fi g u r e2 6) .Th ed i s t u r b e da r e ai nwh i c ht h ee x c a v a t i o n so fSe a s o n sOn ea n dTwot o o kp l a c e o nt h en o r t hwe s t e r nk n o l lo fMo u n dV c a na l s ob es e e n . 22) Si dne ySi me( 1867–1941)wa sa ni l l us t r a t orf a mo usf orhi sdr a wi ngsonf a nt a s t i ct he me s . 26 Ti m CLAYDEN Fi g u r e2 8:AnRAFa e r i a lv i e wo fMo u n d Vt ot h es o u t ha n dMo u n dI I I ( T e mp l eMo u n d )t ot h en o r t h , t a k e n 5 De c e mb e r 1 9 3 0 ( Pu b l i s h e db yc o u r t e s yo ft h e Un i v e r s i t yCo l l e g eLo n d o n ) . Fi gur e 29:A c ompos i t e pl an oft he hous i ngr e mai nse x c av at e d i n1 9 0 0i nt h e‘ Ea s t S e c t i o n ’ and Ar e a TB i n 1953/ 4 [ af t e rMc Cowne tal .1967: Pl .64] . Fo u rf u r t h e rs e a s o n so fe x c a v a t i o n sh a v eb e e nc o n d u c t e d o nMo u n dV.Be t we e n1 9 4 8a n d1 9 5 2t h eJ o i n tEx p e d i t i o n t oNi p p u ro fTh eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u mo fPh i l a d e l p h i aa n dTh e Or i e n t a lI n s t i t u t eo ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oe x c a v a t e da t Ni p p u r .I nt h ec o u r s eo ft h ewo r kt h e yr e o p e n e dt h eEa s t Se c t i o nt r e n c ho ft h eThi r dSe a s on ,r e n a mi n gt h et r e n c hAr e a TB[ Mc Co wne ta l . 1 9 6 7:3 4] .Th e ya l s oo p e n e dan e wt r e n c h n e a r e rt h ec e n t r eo ft h emo u n dn a mi n gi tAr e aTA [ i b i d . ] . Bo t ha r e a ss u f f e r e df r om d i s t u r b e ds t r a t i g r a p h yc a u s e db y Un i v e r s i t yo f Pe n n s y l v a n i at r e n c h e sa n dt u n n e l s . Bo t h , h o we v e r ,r e v e a l e d as e r i e so fl e v e l so fh o u s i n gi n wh i c h t a b l e t swe r ef o u n d[ i b i d . ,3 4–1 4 9] .Th es e q u e n c ei na r e aTA r a nf r o mt h el a t eUrI I It ot h en e oBa b y l o n i a n /Ac h a e me n i d p e r i o d s .I na r e a TB i tr a nf r om t h e Ak k a d i a nt o Ol d Ba b y l o n i a n .Th er e l a t i v e l yl o wg r a d eq u a l i t yo ft h eb u i l d i n g s [ i b i d . ,3 4–4 0]r e f l e c t st h ed ome s t i cn a t u r eo ft h es t r u c t u r e s a n de c h o e st h ec omme n t sma d eb yt h ee a r l i e rPe n n s y l v a n i a e x c a v a t o r s .I n d e e di na r e aTBt h eTBLe v e l sEa n dD,d a t e d t ot h eOl dBa b y l o n i a np e r i o d ,we r el i n k e db yt h ee x c a v a t o r s [ i b i d . ,6 2–3a n dPl .64,Fi g ur e2 7]t ot h ep l a n sp u b l i s h e df o r t h ee a s ts e c t i o nb y Fi s h e r( Fi g u r e1 1a b o v e ) .I nt h e i r c o n c l u s i o n s ,Mc Co wne ta l .[ 1 9 6 7:1 4 8–9]s u g g e s t e dt h a tt h e a r e awa sa‘ Sc r i b a lQu a r t e r ’wh e r es c r i b e sl i v e da n da c t e d a st e a c h e r sf o rt h o s es e e k i n gt ol e a r nt or e a da n d wr i t e c u n e i f o r m. I nama j o rr e e v a l u a t i o no ft h ee v i d e n c ef r om a r e a sTA a n d TB,St o n e[ 1 9 8 7]d e mo n s t r a t e do nt h eb a s i so ft h e p r o v e n a n c e dt a b l e t sf r om t h e1 9 4 8–5 2s e a s o n st h a td u r i n gt h e Ol dBa b y l o n i a np e r i o dt h e r ewe r ed i f f e r e n c e sb e t we e nt h e i n h a b i t a n t so ft h et woa r e a s .Ar e aTA,St o n ea r g u e d[ i b i d . , 7 1–4] ,wa sh omet o‘ s ma l lp r o p e r t yo wn e r s[ i b i d . ,7 1] ,wh i l e Ar e aTBwa so c c u p i e db y‘ l a n d l e s sa dmi n i s t r a t o r s[ i b i d . ,1 0 1] a n ds h o we dh o wt h e‘ UrI I Ib u r e a u c r a c ywa st r a n s f o r me di n t h eI s i nLa r s aa n d Ol d Ba b y l o n i a np e r i o d s ’[ i b i d . ,1 0 3] . Ad mi n i s t r a t i v ea c t i v i t i e ss h i f t e df r om b u i l d i n g si nwh i c hn o o t h e ra c t i v i t yt o o kp l a c et or e s i d e n t i a ls t r u c t u r e si nwh i c h a dmi n i s t r a t o r sl i v e da n dwo r k ,b u twh i c hwe r eo wn e db yt h e i n s t i t u t i o n si n v o l v e di nt h eb u s i n e s s e swh o s ea c t i v i t i e sa r e r e c o r d e di nt h et e x t s .Th e na st h ee c o n omi cc r i s i so fSa ms ui l u n a ’ sr e i g nt o o ke f f e c t ,t h ed i v i s i o nb e t we e nl a n d o wn e r sa n d a dmi n i s t r a t o r sb r o k ed o wna n dt h el a t t e rwe r ea b l et ob u y t h ep r o p e r t i e si nwh i c ht h e yl i v e da n dwo r k e d[ i b i d . ,1 0 3] . Mo r er e c e n t l yRo b s o n[ 2 0 0 1]h a sd e mo n s t r a t e dh o wa n i n d i v i d u a lh o u s e( Ho u s eF)d a t e dt ot h eOl d Ba b y l o n i a n Pe r i o di nAr e aTA wa su s e da sas c r i b a ls c h o o l .Sh eh a s a l s oi l l u s t r a t e di nd e t a i lh o wp r o p e r t yi n h e r i t a n c eo p e r a t e d a tt h a tt i meu s i n gHou s eFa sawe l ld o c ume n t e de x a mp l e [ i b i d . ] . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 27 Mo u n dV wa si n v e s t i g a t e df o raf i f t ht i mei nt h eXVI t hs e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o n sa tNi p p u r ,u n d e r Gi b s o n ’ sd i r e c t i o n ,wh e nTr e n c hTCwa so p e n e di nt h emi d d l eo fMo u n dV [ Gi b s o n1 9 8 5:2 3–2 7; Ar ms t r o n g1 9 8 9:4 7–5 3a n d2 5 8–6 8,Fi g u r e s1 3–2 3;Gi b s o n1 9 9 4] .Th et r e n c hwa so p e n e da d j a c e n t t oa r e aTA wi t ht h eo b j e c t i v eo fe v a l u a t i n ga n dr e f i n i n gt h ep o t t e r ys e q u e n c ed e v e l o p e do nt h eb a s i s o ft h eTA r e s u l t sa n dt ol i n kt h eKa s s i t ep o t t e r yf o u n di nWC t ot h eg e n e r a ls e q u e n c e[ Gi b s o n 1 9 8 5:2 3–2 7;Ar ms t r o n g1 9 8 9:4 8;Gi b s o n1 9 9 4] .Th ea r c h i t e c t u r a lr e ma i n st h et woa r e a swe r ef o u n d t ob el i n k e di nTC VI I /TA VI I ,TC VI /TA VI I ,TC V/TA VI ,TC I V/TA V a n dTC I V/TA I V [ Ar ms t r o n g1 9 8 9:5 2–3a n d2 6 4–8] .Somet a b l e t swe r er e c o v e r e d ,b u tn o ti ng r e a tq u a n t i t i e s . Pr o v e na nc e sf o rt a bl e t si nSe a s o nsI – I V Un f o r t u n a t e l yt h er e c o r d sa r es u c ht h a ti ti sn o tp o s s i b l et ol i n ka n yt a b l e tt oas p e c i f i cp r o v e n a n c e . Th ed e s c r i p t i o n sa r ee i t h e rt o os p a r s et ob eo fmu c hh e l p( e . g .i nt h ef i n d sr e g i s t e r ,d i gr e c o r do r Ha y n e s ’l e t t e r s )o rg e n e r i ca ss e e ni nt h eGe e r e /Fi s he rma n u s c r i p ta b o v e . Th eg e n e r i cd e s c r i p t i o no ff i n ds p o t swa sc o n t i n u e di nt h ep u b l i s h e da c c o u n t so ft h ee x c a v a t i o n s . Hi l p r e c h ta n dGe e r ec omme n t e do nt h eg e n e r a lp r o v e n a n c e so ft h et a b l e t se x c a v a t e di nMo u n dV. Hi l p r e c h twr o t e‘ Th et a b l e t so c c u r r e di nas t r a t um f r o mo n ef o o tt of o u rf e e tt h i c ka ta na v e r a g e d e p t ho ft we n t yt ot we n t yf o u rf e e tb e l o wt h es u r f a c e .Th e yf r e q u e n t l ywe r eb a d l ymu t i l a t e da n d c h i p p e do f f , a n dl a yi na l lp o s s i b l ep o s i t i o n so nt h ef l o o ro ft h er u i n e dc h a mb e r s , u p o nl o wf r a gme n t a r y c l a yl e d g e se x t e n d i n ga l o n gt h ewa l l s ,a n di nt h er u b b i s ht h a tf i l l e dt h ec o r r i d o r sa n do p e nc o u r t s o ft h ev a s tb u i l d i n g .I ns omeo ft h er o omswh i c hp r o d u c e de s p e c i a l l yl a r g en umb e r so ft a b l e t s , t h e ywe r ef o u n di nc l u s t e r s ,‘ i n t e r l a c i n g ,o v e r l a p p i n g ,l y i n gf l a t wi s e ,e d g e wi s e ,e n d wi s e ,t wo ,t h r e e , f o u rd e e p ’ ,s ot h a ti twa sv e r ya p p a r e n tt h a tt h e yh a db e e ns t o r e du p o nwo o d e ns h e l v e s ,wh e n c e t h e ywe r ep r e c i p i t a t e dwh e nt h er o o fc o l l a p s e da n dt h ewa l l sc r a c k e da n df e l l ”[ Hi l p r e c h t1 9 0 3: 5 1 3–4] .Hea d d e dt h a t‘ Th e‘ b o o k s ’r e q u i r e df o ri n s t r u c t i o n ,r e f e r e n c ea n dg e n e r a lr e a d i n ga sa r u l ewe r eu n b a k e dc l a yt a b l e t ss t o r e do ns h e l v e s ,o rs ome t i me sd e p o s i t e di nj a r s .Th es h e l v e swe r e ma d ee i t h e ro fwo o d ,–a so r d i n a r i l ywa st h ec a s ea l s oi nt h eb u s i n e s sh o u s e so nt h ewe s t e r ns i d e o ft h eCh e b a r , –o ro fc l a y , f o rwh i c hr o omsNo s1–3. . . [ i n ]t h en o r t h e a s tp o r t i o no ft h et e mp l eLi b r a r y o f f e ra p p r o p r i a t ee x a mp l e s .Th e s ec l a yl e d g e swe r eb u i l tu pi nc r u d eb r i c k st oah e i g h to fn e a r l y t we n t yi n c h e sf r om t h ea p p a r e n tf l o o rl e v e l ,a n do na v e r a g ewe r ea b o u to n ea n dah a l ff e e twi d e . Twoo ft h er o oms( No s .1a n d3)y i e l d e dt a b l e t sa n df r a gme n t sb yt h et h o u s a n d s ,a n da r ea mo n g t h el a r g e s tt h u sf a re x c a v a t e di n‘ Ta b l e tHi l l ’ .Top r e s e r v et h ef r a g i l e‘ b o o k s ’f r om d a mp n e s s ,t h e c l a ys h e l v e swe r ep r o b a b l yc o v e r e dwi t hma t t i n go rwi t hac o a t i n go fb i t ume n ’[ i b i d . ,5 2 2–3] . Ge e r e[ 1 9 0 3:1 0 0–1]p u b l i s h e das umma r yo ft h ep r o v e n a n c e so ft h et a b l e t swr i t i n gt h a t‘ Th e ma j o r i t yo ft h et a b l e t swe r eu n b a k e d ,a n dt h e r e f o r er e ma r k a b l yp e r i s h a b l e .Tok e e pt h e mf r o md a mp , t h e ywe r es t o r e de i t h e ru p o nwo o d e ns h e l v e so ro nl e d g e so fb r i c k wo r kwh i c hwe r ec o a t e dwi t h b i t u me n .Oft h es h e l v e sn ot r a c e sr e ma i n e d ,b u taf e wo ft h eb e n c h e swe r ed i s c o v e r e dwi t ht a b l e t s s t i l li np o s i t i o nu p o nt h e m’[ Ge e r e1 9 0 3:1 0 0–1] . Th ee v i d e n c ef o rt h ep h y s i c a ls t o r a g eo ft h et a b l e t si nt h ep r i v a t eh o u s e so fMo u n dV i ss l i g h t , b u te x t a n t .Ve e n h o f[ 1 9 8 6:4–1 1]a n dPe d e r s é n[ 1 9 9 8:2 4 1–4]h a v es umma r i s e dt h ema n n e ri nwh i c h t a b l e t swe r ek e p t .Th e s ei n c l u d eb e i n gs t a c k e do nwo o d e ns h e l v e so ro nmu db e n c h e s ;i nmu d b r i c kn i c h e so re v e nj u s ti nb a s k e t so nt h ef l o o r .Al lt h e s eme t h o d so fs t o r a g ewe r ep r a c t i s e da tNi p p u r a n de v i d e n c ef o rmo s te x c a v a t e di nSe a s o n sI – I V. So ur c e sf o rt hepr o v e na nc e so ft het a bl e t s On4Ap r i l1 8 8 8CBS1,ap o t t e r yv e s s e l ,wa st h ef i r s to b j e c tr e g i s t e r e di nt h eCBSCa t a l o g u e .I n ac o mme n tt ot h ee n t r yHi l p r e c h th a sn o t e dt h a tt h ep o th a db e e n‘ Bo u g h tb yMr sH. V.Hi l p r e c h t f r o ma nAr a ba n dp r e s e n t e dt ot h eU[ n i v e r s i t y ]o fPe [ n n s y l v a n i a ]a st h ef i r s to b j e c ti nt h eBa b y [ l o n i a n ] Mu s e u m’ .Th e r e a f t e ro b j e c t sa n dt a b l e t sf o r ma l l ye x c a v a t e da tNi p p u ro rl e s sf o r ma l l ya ts i t e sv i s i t e d 28 Ti m CLAYDEN b yme mbe r so ft h eNi p p u re x c a v a t i o nt e a m;a n dt a b l e t sa n do b j e c t sb o u g h tb yv a r i o u sp e r s o n swe r e e n t e r e di n t ot h er e g i s t e r .Th ev a s tma j o r i t yo ft h eo b j e c t sc a mef r o m Ni p p u rwi t hal a r g eb a t c h f r o m Ur .I na l lt we n t yt h o u s a n di t e mswe r er e g i s t e r e d . Th el i s to ft a b l e t s( Ap p e n d i xA)wi t hr e c o r d e dp r o v e n a n c e sa tMo u n dV h a sb e e nc omp i l e d u s i n gt h ed a t ai nt h eCBSc a t a l o g u ec omp l e me n t e db ys t a t e me n t sma d ewh e ns omeo ft h et a b l e t s we r ep u b l i s h e d .Th er e s u l ti sal i s to fj u s to v e r1 0 0 0t a b l e t so fwh i c hc .4 5% h a v eb e e np u b l i s h e d . Th i si s ,o fc o u r s e ,af r a c t i o no ft h ea c t u a ln umb e ro ft a b l e t se x c a v a t e df r om Mo u n dV.Ho we v e r , r e c o r d swe r eno tk e p to ft h et a b l e tpr o v e n a nc e so ri ft h e ywe r et h e ywe r el o s twh e nt h eb o x e si n wh i c ht h e ywe r es h i p p e dt oPh i l a d e l p h i awe r eo p e n e d .Th ep r o v e n a n c e so ft h et a b l e t si nI s t a n b u l a r en o tk n o wn .Th el i s ta l s or e c o r d st a b l e tj o i n sa swe l la sa n yma r g i n a l i ao rs u b s t a n t i v ec omme n t s wr i t t e ni nt h eCBSc a t a l o g u e .A b i b l i o g r a p h yo fe a c ht a b l e ti sg i v e n ,b u td o e sn o tc l a i mt ob e e x h a u s t i v et h o u g hIh a v et r i e dt or e c o r dt h eCTSLa n dCDLIr e f e r e n c en umb e r sa sf a ra sp o s s i b l e . Th eCBSCa t a l o g u ei sad e e p l yf l a we dd o c ume n ta n dn o tt ob et r u s t e da b s o l u t e l y .We s t e n h o l z ( e ma i l9Oc t o b e r2 0 1 3)c omme n t st h a t‘ t h eCBSCa t a l o g u ei ss ou n r e l i a b l et h a tn o t h i n gmu c hc a n b eb u i l to nt h a t ’ .Hea d d st h a t‘ I nc a s e swh e r ei n f o r ma t i o n[ o nt h ep r o v e n a n c eo fa ne x c a v a t e do b j e c t ] 2 3) ema j o r i t yo ft h e i sa v a i l a b l et h eCBS[ Ca t a l o g u e ]i swr o n gi na b o u to n eo u to ft h r e e ’[ i b i d . ] .Th e n t r i e sf o rwr i t t e nma t e r i a l swe r ema d eb yHi l p r e c h twh ou s e dt h ec a t a l o g u et of o s t e rh i sv e r s i o n o fe v e n t sa n dt oc o n t i n u eh i sc r i t i c i s mso fPe t e r s .Th i si sp a r t i c u l a r l ya p p a r e n ti nt h ee n t r i e sf o r t h emo r es p e c t a c u l a ri t e ms . Ru no ft h emi l lt a b l e t sa r et r e a t e dl e s sp a r t i a l l y . Ov e r a l lt h eCBS c a t a l o g u eh a st ob er e a dc r i t i c a l l y ,b u ti td o e sp r o v i d eas o u r c e ,f l a we dt h o u g hi ti s ,f o ri n f o r ma t i o n o nt h ep r o v e n a n c eo ft h eo b j e c t sf o u n da tNi p p u r .Att h ev e r yl e a s ti tp r o v i d e sa ni n s i g h ti n t owh a t Hi l p r e c h tj u d g e dwe r et h et a b l e t st h a twe r ef o u n di nt h ei n f a mo u s‘ l i b r a r y ’ .I ti si r o n i ct h a td e s p i t e t h ec l a i msma d ef o rt h es c a l eo ft h e‘ l i b r a r y ’a n dt h eb i t t e r n e s so ft h ea r g ume n t ss u r r o u n d i n gi ts o f e wt a b l e t swe r ei d e n t i f i e da sh a v i n gc omef r o mi t . Hi l p r e c h tma d ema n yo ft h ee a r l ye n t r i e s( u pu n t i l1 9 1 0wh e nHi l p r e c h tl e f th i sp o s t )i nh i s d i s t i n c t i v ef i n eh a n di d e n t i f i e db ya na u t o g r a p h e de x p l a n a t i o no nt h ef o r ma to ft h ec a t a l o g u eo ni t s f r o n tp a g e . Th ei d e n t i t i e so ft h o s ema k i n go t h e re n t r i e sb e f o r e1 9 1 0a n da f t e r1 9 1 0c a n n o tb e d i s c e r n e d .Ma n yo ft h ee a r l i e re n t r i e sh a v eaNi .Numb e rr e c o r d e da n di nas ma l ls e tt h en umb e r s a s s i g n e db yHa r p e rd u r i n gt h ef i r s ts e a s o na r ea l s ol i s t e d .Th es e a s o no fe x c a v a t i o ni sn o t e di n ma n yi n s t a n c e s .Cr u c i a l l yi nt h ec o n t e x to ft h i sd i s c u s s i o na na t t e mp tt or e c o r dt h ep r o v e n a n c e so f ap r o p o r t i o no ft h et a b l e t si sn o t e d .Th i si sn omo r es p e c i f i ct h a n‘ Ta b l e tHi l l ’o r‘ Te mp l eLi b r a r y ’ o f t e nwi t ht h eq u a l i f i e r–‘ Ea s ts i d eo fSh a t t e nNi l ’ .Oc c a s i o n a l l yt h e r ei sa d d i t i o n a lc omme n t– ‘ u p p e rs t r a t um’o r‘ we s t e r ns i d e ’ .I na d d i t i o ni nt h ep u b l i c a t i o no fs omeo ft h et a b l e t s ,c omme n t s a r ema d eo nt h e i rp r o v e n a n c ewh i c hi sn o ta l wa y sr e f l e c t e di nt h eCBSCa t a l o g u e .Wec a no n l y a s s u met h a tt h i si n f o r ma t i o n wa st h ep r o d u c to fd i s c u s s i o n wi t ht h ee x c a v a t o r . Ta b l e t swi t h p r o v e n a n c e sl i s t e df o rMo u n dVe i t h e ri nt h eCBSCa t a l o g u eo ri np u b l i c a t i o n sa r el i s t e di nAp p e n d i x A. Di s c us s i o n Th et e r ms‘ l i b r a r y ’a n d‘ a r c h i v e ’h a v eb e e nl o o s e l yu s e di nMe s o p o t a mi a ns t u d i e s[ Ve e n h o f1 9 8 6: 4–1 1;Pe d e r s é n1 9 9 8:2–5;Ro b s o n2 0 1 3:3 8–4 1] .Th i si sc e r t a i n l yt r u eo ft h eMo u n dV t a b l e t s f r o mSe a s o n sI – I V.I nt h ee v e n ti ti sp r o b a b l et h a tb o t hl i b r a r i e sa n da r c h i v e swe r ef o u n di nt h emo u n d , b u tt h a tn e i t h e rwe r ed i r e c t l yl i n k e dt ot h eNi p p u rt e mp l ec omp l e x .Th el i b r a r i e s ,a l mo s te x c l u s i v e l y 2 4) .Th ea r c h i v e s , Ol dBa b y l o n i a ni nd a t e ,c o n s i s t e do ft a b l e t su s e di nt h et e a c h i n go ft r a i n e es c r i b e s 23) Ane xa mp l ei sCBS3874whi c hHa yne sr e por t e don1Nove mb e r1896wa sf oundi nMo undI I I ,c ont r a r yt ot heCBSe nt r ywhi c h s ugge s t st ha ti twa sf oundi nt heI Vt hSe a s onofe xc a va t i ons . 24) Wa e t z ol dte tal .[ 2009:299–305]di s c us s e st hege nr eoft e xt sus e di nOl dBa byl oni a ns c hool s . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 29 wh i c h we r ep r i ma r i l y Ol d Ba b y l o n i a n wi t hs ma l l e rn u mb e r so fn e oBa b y l o n i a na n d Pe r s i a n d o c ume n t s ,c o n s i s t e do fl e t t e r sa n da s s o c i a t e dr e c o r d sl i n k e dt ob u s i n e s sa c t i v i t i e s .Bo t hc o u l dc oe x i s ti nas i n g l ep r o p e r t y .Th i sh a sb e e nwe l li l l u s t r a t e db yRo b s o n[ 2 0 0 1]wh oa n a l y s e dt h ec l o s e d e t a i lo fo n eo ft h eh o u s e si na r e aTA,Ho u s eF .I nt h eb u i l d i n gn e a r l y1 5 0 0t a b l e t swe r ef o u n d . Th eb u r d e no ft h ed o c ume n t swe r et h el i t e r a r yt e x t s[ 7 1 8,i b i d . ,5 0–9]f o l l o we db yt h es c h o o ls c r i p t s [ 5 9 1,i b i d . ,4 5–5 0]wi t hj u s tu n d e r2 0 0n o ns c h o o lo ru n i d e n t i f i e dt a b l e t s[ i b i d . ,4 3,Fi g .7] .Th e 2 5) ,h a dr e c y c l i n gb i n s[ i b i d . ,4 4]f o ru s e dt a b l e t s .Toal e s s e r b u i l d i n g ,l i k eo t h e rs c h o o li n s t i t u t i o n s e x t e n t( i nt e r mso fs h e e rn umb e r s )as i mi l a rmi xo fs c h o o la n db u s i n e s sd o c ume n t swa sf o u n di n Ol dBa b y l o n i a nh o u s e sa tSi p p a r[ Al Ra wie ta l . :20 0 0:5–7] .Then a t ur eo ft h ee x c a v a t i o n sa n d r e c o r dk e e p i n gi nt h e1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0s e a s o n sa tNi p p u r ,me a n st h a ti ti sn o tp o s s i b l et oi d e n t i f yd o c ume n t s f r o ms p e c i f i cc o n t e x t sa n dt h u sr e mo v e st h ep o s s i b i l i t yo fd e f i n i n gs p e c i f i cl i b r a r i e s .Fu r t h e ri tma k e s t h ewo r ko fi d e n t i f y i n gd i s c r e t eb u s i n e s sa r c h i v e s( u s u a l l yo nt h eb a s i so fp r o s o p o g r a p h i c a le v i d e n c e ) v e r yd i f f i c u l t .Th e r ei sa b s o l u t e l yn or o u t et o wa r d si d e n t i f y i n gp o s s i b l ec ol o c a t i o n so fs p e c i f i c l i b r a r i e sa n da r c h i v e s . Co nc l us i o ns Th e1 8 8 9–1 9 0 0s e a s o n so fe x c a v a t i o n sa tMo u n dV,Ni p p u ru n c o v e r e dah u g eq u a n t i t yo ft a b l e t s . Ho we v e r ,s u c hwe r et h ep o o rs t a n d a r d so fr e c o r dk e e p i n gt h a to ft h es e v e r a lt h o u s a n dt a b l e t sf o u n d s c a r c e l yat h o u s a n dma yn o wb es a i dwi t hs omec e r t a i n t yt oh a v ec omef r o mt h emo u n d .I na d d i t i o n b e y o n dag e n e r a lv i e wt h a tt h et a b l e t swe r ef o u n di np r i v a t eh o u s e si nav a r i e t yo fc o n t e x t si n c l u d i n g o nwo o d e ns h e l v e so rmu db r i c kb e n c h e s , l i t t l ema yb es a i do ft h eo r i g i n a l c o n t e x t s .Th eGe e r e / Fi s h e r r e p o r tp r o v i d e st h eb e s ts e n s eo fwh e r et a b l e t swe r ef o u n da n da ss u c hi sau s e f u ld o c ume n t . I th a sb e e ns a i db e f o r e ,b u ti swo r t hs t a t i n ga g a i n .I ti sc l e a rt h a te v i d e n c ef o ra‘ Te mp l eLi b r a r y ’ a twa se x c a v a t e dwa sar e ma r k a b l ec o l l e c t i o no f h a sn o tb e e nf o u n da tMo u n dV,Ni p p u r . Wh d o c ume n t sd a t e dl a r g e l yt ot h eOl dBa b y l o n i a np e r i o d ,b u ti n c l u d i n gs omeo ft h en e oBa b y l o n i a n a n d Pe r s i a np e r i o d s . Sc h o o lt e x t sa r ep e r h a p st h emo s ti mp o r t a n td o c ume n t sf r o m Mo u n dV p r e s e r v i n gOl dBa b y l o n i a nl e a r n i n ga n dl i t e r a t u r e ,b u tt h eb u s i n e s sa r c h i v e sr e v e a ls omeo ft h ed a i l y c o n c e r n so fs omeo ft h ei n h a b i t a n t so fMo u n dV.Th eKa s s i t ep e r i o di sn o t a b l ef o ri t sa b s e n c e ,t h o u g h o fc o u r s ef e a t u r e sh e a v i l yo nMo u n dX o nt h eo t h e rs i d eo ft h eSh a te nNi l . Bi bl i o g r a phy Al Fo u a d i ,AH. 1 9 6 9 En k i ’ sj o u r n e yt oNi p p u r :Th ej o u r n e yo ft h eGo d s .A d i s s e r t a t i o ni nOr i e n t a lSt ud i e sp r e s e n t e dt ot h eFa c u l t y o ft h eGr a d u a t eSc h o o lo fAr t sa n dSc i e n c e so ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s yl v a n i ai np a r t i a lf u l f i l me n to ft h e r e q u i r e me n t sf o rt h ed e g r e eo fDo c t o ro fPh i l o s o p h y . Al i ,F . A. 1 9 6 4 Su me r i a nl e t t e r s :t woc o l l e c t i o n sf r o m Ol dBa b y l o n i a ns c h o o l s .A d i s s e r t a t i o ni nOr i e n t a ls t u d i e sp r e s e n t e dt o t h eFa c u l t yo ft h eGr a d u a t eSc h o o l ,o fAr t sa n dSc i e n c e so ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i ai np a r t i a lf u l f i l me n t o ft h er e q u i r e me n t sf o rt h ed e g r e eo fDo c t o ro fPh i l o s o p h y . Al Ra wi ,F . N. H.a n dDa l l e y ,S. 2 0 0 0 Ol dBa b y l o n i a nt e x t sf r o mp r i v a t eh o u s e sa tAb uHa b b a ha n c i e n tS i p p i r .Ba g h d a dUn i v e r s i t yEx c a v a t i o n s ,Na b u Pu b l i c a t i o n s ,Lo n d o n( =ÉDUBBAA 7) . Al s t e r ,B. 1 9 7 1 Ont h eSu me r i a nLu l l a b y ,RA6 5:1 7 0–1. 1 9 7 2 Du mu z i ’ sd r e a m.As p e c t so fo r a lp o e t r yi naS u me r i a nmy t h,Ak a d e mi s kFo r l a g ,Co p e n h a g e n( =Me s o p o t a mi a Co p e n h a g e nSt u d i e si nAs s y r i o l o g y1) . 25) Se eLuc a s[ 1979]f orade s c r i pt i onofwha tma yha vebe e nt heda i l ygr i nda taBa byl oni a ns c r i ba ls c hool . 30 Ti m CLAYDEN 1 9 7 8 1 9 8 7 1 9 9 7 2 0 0 5 Su me r i a np r o v e r bc o l l e c t i o ns e v e n ,RA7 2:9 7–1 1 2. Twof r a gme n t so faSume r i a nd i s p u t a t i o n ,NABU 58–9,n o .1 0 4. Pr o v e r b so fa n c i e n tS u me r( 2v o l ume s ) ,CDLPr e s s ,Be t h e s d a . Wi s d o mo fa n c i e n tS u me r ,CDLPr e s s ,Be t h e s d a . Ar ms t r o n g ,J . A. 1 9 8 9 Th ea r c h a e o l o g yo fNi p p u rf r o mt h ed e c l i n eo ft h eKa s s i t ek i n g d o m,u n t i lt h er i s eo ft h en e oBa b y l o n i a ne mp i r e . Ad i s s e r t a t i o ns u bmi t t e dt ot h eFa c u l t yo ft h eDi v i s i o no fHuma n i t i e si nc a n d i d a c yf o rt h ed e g r e eo fDo c t o r o fPh i l o s o p h y ,De p a r t me n to fNe a re a s t e r nLa n g u a g e sa n dCi v i l i z a t i o n s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g o ,Ch i c a g o . Ba r t o n ,G. A. 1 9 1 8 Mi s c e l l a n e o u sBa b y l o n i a ni n s c r i p t i o n s ,Ya l eUn i v e r s i t yPr e s s ,Ne w Ha v e n . Ba n k s ,E. J . 1 9 1 2 Bi s ma y ao rTh el o s tc i t yo fAd a b,G. P .Pu t n a m’ sSo n s ,Ne w Yo r ka n dLo n d o n . Be h r e n s ,H. 1 9 7 8 En l i lu n dNi n l i l . Ei ns u me r i s c h e rMy t h o sa u sNi p p u r , Bi b l i c a lI n s t i t u t ePr e s s , Rome( = St u d i aPo h l :Se r i e sMa i o r , 8) . Be n i t o ,C. A. 1 9 6 9 En k ia n dNi n ma han dEn k ia n dt h ewo r l do r d e r .A d i s s e r t a t i o ni no r i e n t a ls t u d i e sp r e s e n t e dt ot h eFa c u l t yo f t h eGr a d u a t eSc h o o l ,o fAr t sa n dSc i e n c e so ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i ai np a r t i a lf u l f i l me n to ft h e r e q u i r e me n t sf o rt h ed e g r e eo fDo c t o ro fPh i l o s o p h y . Be r g s t e i n ,L. B.a n dSc h n e i d e r ,T. J . 1 9 9 2 Ni p p u rb i b l i o g r a p h y .I n –M.De J o n g El l i s ,Ni p p u ra tt h ec e n t e n n i a l .Pa p e r sr e a da tt h e3 5eRe n c o n t r e As s y r i o l o g i q u eI n t e r n a t i o n a l e ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a ,1 9 8 8,Oc c a s i o n a lPu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eSa mu e lNo a hKr a me rFu n d , 1 4,Ph i l a d e l p h i a ,p p .3 3 7–6 4. Be r l i n ,A. 1 9 7 9 En me r k a ra n dEn s u h k e š d a n n a . AS u me r i a nn a r r a t i v ep o e m, Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m, Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Oc c a s i o n a l ˘ Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nFu n d ,2) . Bl a c k ,J . A. 1 9 8 7 Su me r i a nb a l a gc omp o s i t i o n s ,Bi Or4 4:3 6–7 9. Br i n k ma n ,J . A. 1 9 7 6 Ma t e r i a l sa n ds t u d i e sf o rKa s s i t eh i s t o r yV o l .I ,Th eOr i e n t a lI n s t i t u t eo ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g o ,Ch i c a g o . Ca s t e l l i n o ,G. R. 1 9 7 2 T woŠ u l g ih y mn s( BC) ,I s t i t u t od iSt u d id e lVi c i n oOr i e n t e ,Un i v e r s i t àd iRo ma ,Ro me( = St u d iSe mi t i c i4 2) . Ca v i g n e a u x ,A. 2 0 0 7 Un ec r u xs a r g o n i c ae tl e sq u a t r ev e n t s ,Or( NS )7 6:1 6 9–7 3. Ca v i g n e a u x ,A.a n da l Ra wi ,F . 1 9 9 3 Gi l g a me še tt a u r e a ud ec i e l( ŠULMÈKAM)( Te x t e sd eTe l lHa d d a dI V) ,RA8 7:9 7–1 3 0. 2 0 0 2 Li t u r g i e se x o r c i s t i q u e sa g r a i r e s( Te x t e sd eTe l lHa d d a dI X) ,ZA9 2:1–5 9. Ch i e r a ,E. 1 9 1 4 Le g a la n da d mi n i s t r a t i v ed o c u me n t sf r o m Ni p p u rc h i e f l yf r o mt h eDy n a s t i e so fI s i na n dLa r s a,Th eUn i v e r s i t y Mu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o nVI I I . 1) . 1 9 1 6 Li s t so fp e r s o n a ln a me sf r o mt h et e mp l es c h o o lo fNi p p u r .A s y l l a b a r yo fp e r s o n a ln a me s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t y Mu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e um Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o n ,Vo l umeXI . 1) . 1 9 1 6a Li s to fp e r s o n a ln a me sf r o mt h eT e mp l eS c h o o lo fNi p p u r .Li s t so fAk k a d i a nn a me s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m, Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o nXI . 2) . 1 9 1 9 Li s t so fp e r s o n a ln a me sf r o mt h et e mp l es c h o o lo fNi p p u r .Li s t so fS u me r i a np e r s o n a ln a me s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t y Mu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o n ,Vo l umeXI . 3) . 1 9 2 4 S u me r i a nr e l i g i o u st e x t s ,Up l a n dP A. ,Cr o z e rTh e o l o g i c a lSe mi n a r y ,Ba b y l o n i a nPu b l i c a t i o n sVo l ume1. 1 9 2 9 S u me r i a nl e x i c a lt e x t sf r o mt h et e mp l es c h o o lo fNi p p u r ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oPr e s s ,Ch i c a g o( = Th e Un i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oOr i e n t a lI n s t i t u t ePu b l i c a t i o n s ,Vo l umeXI ) . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 31 1 9 3 4 1 9 3 4a S u me r i a nt e x t so fv a r i e dc o n t e n t s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oPr e s s ,Ch i c a g o( = Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g o Or i e n t a lI n s t i t u t ePu b l i c a t i o n sVo l umeXVI ) . S u me r i a ne p i c sa n dmy t h s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oPr e s s ,Ch i c a g o( =Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g oOr i e n t a l I n s t i t u t ePu b l i c a t i o n sVo l umeXV) . Çi ğ ,M. ,Ki z i l y a y ,H.a n dKr a me r ,S. N. 1 9 6 9 S u me r i a nl i t e r a r yt a b l e t sa n df r a g me n t si nt h ea r c h a e o l o g i c a lmu s e u mo fI s t a n b u l ,V o l .I( =I s t a n b u lAr k e o l o j i Mü z e l e r i n d eBu l u n a n ,Sume re d e b ît a b l e tv ep a r ç l a r aI I )An k a r a ,Tü r kTa r i hKu r umuBa s i me v i . Ci v i l ,M. 1 9 6 5 Ne w Su me r i a nl a wf r a gme n t s ,AS1 6:1–1 2. 1 9 6 9 Th es e r i e sl ú= š aa n dr e l a t e dt e x t s ,Ma t e r i a l sf o rt h eSume r i a nLe x i k o nVo l umeXI I ,Po n t i f i c i u mI n s t i t u t u m Bi b l i c u m,Ro me . 1 9 7 1 I z i= i š ā t u ,Kág a l= a b u l l ua n dNí gg a= ma k k ū r u,Ma t e r i a l sf o rt h eSume r i a nLe x i k o nVo l umeXI I I , Po n t i f i c i u mI n s t i t u t u m Bi b l i c u m,Ro me . 1 9 7 4 Me d i c a lc omme n t a r i e sf r om Ni p p u r ,J NES3 3:3 2 9–3 8. 1 9 7 6 Th es o n go ft h ep l o wi n go x e n ,I n-B. L.Ei c h l e r( e d . )S t u d i e si nh o n o ro fS a mu e lNo a hKr a me r( = Al t e rOr i e n t u n dAl t e sTe s t a me n t2 5) ,Bu t z o n& Be r c k e rKe v e l a e r ,Ne u k i r c h e nVl u y n ,p p .8 3–9 5. 1 9 7 9 EaA= n â q u ,AaA= n â q u ,wi t ht h e i rf o r e r u n n e r sa n dr e l a t e dt e x t s ,Ma t e r i a l sf o rt h eSume r i a nLe x i k o nVo l ume XI V,Po n t i f i c i um I n s t i t u t u m Bi b l i c u m,Ro me . 1 9 8 3 En l i la n dNi n l i l :t h ema r r i a g eo fSu d ,J AOS1 0 3. 1:4 3–6 6. 2 0 0 4 Th es e r i e sDI RI= ( w) a t r u,Ma t e r i a l sf o rt h eSume r i a nLe x i k o nVo l umeXV,Po n t i f i c i um I n s t i t u t u m Bi b l i c u m, Ro me . Cl a y ,A. T. 1 9 0 6 Do c u me n t sf r o mt h eT e mp l eAr c h i v e so fNi p p u rd a t e di nt h er e i g n so fCa s s i t er u l e r s( c o mp l e t ed a t e s ) ,Un i v e r s i t y o fPe n n s y l v a n i a ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =BE. A XI V) . 1 9 0 8 Le g a la n dc o mme r c i a lt r a n s a c t i o n sd a t e di nt h eAs s y r i a n ,Ne oBa b y l o n i a na n dPe r s i a np e r i o d s ,c h i e f l yf r o m Ni p p u r ,Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =BE. A VI I I . 1) . Co h e n ,S. 1 9 7 3 En me r k a r aa n dt h eLo r do fAr a t t a.A d i s s e r t a t i o ni nOr i e n t a lSt u d i e sPr e s e n t e dt ot h eFa c u l t yo ft h eGr a d u a t e Sc h o o lo fAr t sa n dSc i e n c e so ft h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i ai np a r t i a lf u l f i l me n to ft h er e q u i r e me n t sf o r t h ed e g r e eo fDo c t o ro fPh i l o s o p h y . 1 9 7 6 Th e“ mo n k e yl e t t e r ” :ad i f f e r e n tp e r s p e c t i v e ,OR( NS )4 5:2 7 0–4. 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Ch i c a g o :Th eOr i e n t a lI n s t i t u t e ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fCh i c a g o ,2 0–8. 1 9 9 4 1 6th Se a s o na tNi p p u r ,1 9 8 5.S u me r4 3:2 5 2–4. Gi b s o n ,Mc G. ,Ha n s e n ,D. P .a n dZe t t l e r ,R. L. 1 9 9 9–2 0 0 0Ni p p u r .B.RLAI X:5 4 6–5 6 5. Go r d o n ,E. I . 1 9 6 0 An e wl o o ka tt h ewi s d om o fSume ra n dAk k a d ,Re v i e wo f–J . J . A.v a nDi j k ,Las a g e s s es umé r oa c c a d i e n n e : Re c h e r c h e ss u rl e sg e n r e sl i t t é r a i r e sd e st e x t e ss a p i e n t a u xa v e cCh o i xd et e x t e s( Le i d e n ,E. J .Br i l l ,1 9 5 3) , Bi Or1 7:1 2 2–5 2. Gr a g g ,G. B. 1 9 6 9 Th eKe št e mp l eh y mn , i nÅ. W. Sj ö b e r ga n dE. Be r g ma n n , Th ec o l l e c t i o no fS u me r i a nt e mp l eh y mn s , J . J . Au g u s t i n Pu b l i s h e r ,Lo c u s tVa l l e y ,Ne w Yo r k( =Te x t sf r om c u n e i f o r ms o u r c e sI I I ) ,p p .1 5 5–8 8. Gr e e n ,M. 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V. 1 9 0 0 Le t t e rd a t e d1 6Ma r c h1 9 0 0s e n tt oMrCl a r kf r om Ni p p u r ,Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e u m Ar c h i v e s , Ne a rEa s t ,Ni p p u r ,Co n t a i n e r2 5,Fo l d e rVI I I . 1 9 0 3 Ex p l o r a t i o n si nBi b l eLa n d sd u r i n gt h e1 9th c e n t u r y ,T& TCl a r k ,Ed i n b u r g h . 1 9 0 6 Ma t h e ma t i c a l ,me t r o l o g i c a la n dc h r o n o l o g i c a lt a b l e t sf r o mt h eT e mp l eLi b r a r yo fNi p p u r ,Un i v e r s i t yo f Ph i l a d e l p h i a ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Ba b y l o n i a nEx p e d i t i o nSe r i e sA XX. 1) . 1 9 0 8 Th es oc a l l e dPe t e r s Hi l p r e c h tc o n t r o v e r s y ,A. J .Ho l ma n ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a . 1 9 1 0 Th ee a r l i e s tv e r s i ono ft h eBa b y l o n i a nd e l u g es t o r ya n dt h et e mp l eLi b r a r yo fNi p p u r , Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a , Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Ba b y l o n i a nEx p e d i t i o nSe r i e sD V. 1) . 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D.d i s s e r t a t i o n ,Ya l eUn i v e r s i t y . 1 9 8 0 Ne ws o u r c e sc o n c e r n i n gt h er e i g no fNa r a mSi n ,J CS3 2:2 3 3–4 6. 1 9 8 9 Th el a me n t a t i o no v e rt h ed e s t r u c t i o no fS u me ra n dUr ,Ei s e n b r a u n s ,Wi n o n aLa k e . 2 0 1 1 Th ec o r r e s p o n d e n c eo ft h eKi n g so fUr ,Ei s e n b r a u n s ,Wi n o n aLa k e . THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 35 Mi t t e r ma y e r ,C. 2 0 0 9 En me r k a r au n dd e rHe r rv o nAr a t a .Ei nu n g l e i c h e rWe t t s t r e i t ,Ac a d e mi cPr e s sFr i b o u r gVa n d e n h o e c k& Ru p r e c h tGö t t i n g e n( = Or b i sBi b l i c u se tOr i e n t a l i s2 3 9) . My h r ma n ,D. W. 1 9 1 1 Ba b y l o n i a nh y mn sa n dp r a y e r s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o n I . 1) . Ne me t Ne j a t ,K. R.a n dWa l l e n f e l s ,R. 1 9 9 4 As e a l e dma t h e ma t i c a lt a b l e t ,NABU:8 1–2. Ne u g e b a u e r ,O. 1 9 3 5 Ma t h e ma t i s c h eKe i l s c h r i f t e =T e x t e ,Vo l u me1,J u l i u sSp r i n g e r ,Be r l i n . Ne u g e b a u e r ,O.a n dSa c h s ,A. 1 9 8 4 Ma t h e ma t i c a la n dme t r o l o g i c a lt e x t s ,J CS3 6. 2:2 4 3–5 1. Ne w Yo r kTi me s 1 9 0 0 Li b r a r yo fNi p p u rTe mp l e .Pr o f e s s o rHi l p r e c h td i s c o v e r so v e r1 7, 0 0 0a n c i e n tt a b l e t s ,Ne w Yo r kTi me s ,1 5 Au g u s t1 9 0 0,a v a i l a b l ea th t t p : / / q u e r y . n y t i me s . c o m/ s e a r c h . 1 9 0 2 Ni p p u ru n e a r t h e db yHi l p r e c h t ,Ne wYo r kTi me s ,5Oc t o b e r1 9 0 2,a v a i l a b l ea th t t p : / / q u e r y . n y t i me s . c o m/ s e a r c h . 1 9 1 0 So c i e t ys p l i to v e rBa b y l o n i a nt a b l e t s ,Ne w Yo r k Ti me s ,2 7 No v e mb e r1 9 1 0,a v a i l a b l ea th t t p : / / q u e r y . n y t i me s . c o m/ s e a r c h . Pe d e r s é n ,O. 1 9 9 8 Ar c h i v e sa n dl i b r a r i e si nt h ea n c i e n tn e a re a s t1 5 0 0–3 0 0B. C. ,CDLPr e s s ,Be t h e s d a . Pe t e r s ,J . P . 1 8 8 9 J . P .Pe t e r s ,Fi e l dn o t e sSe a s o nI :Ni p p u r ,Ma n u s c r i p t ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e u m Ar c h i v e s , Ex p e d i t i o nRe c o r d s ,Ne a rEa s t( I r a q ) ,Ni p p u r ,Ex p e d i t i o n sIa n dI I ,Co n t a i n e rn o .2,Fo l d e r s3a n d8. 1 8 9 0 J . P .Pe t e r s ,Di gDi a r y .Se a s o nI I :Ni p p u r ,Ma n u s c r i p t ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e u m Ar c h i v e s . Ex p e d i t i o nRe c o r d s ,Ne a rEa s t( I r a q ) ,Ni p p u r ,Ex p e d i t i o n sIa n dI I ,Co n t a i n e rn o .2,Fo l d e r5. 1 8 9 0a J . P .Pe t e r s ,Ca t a l o g u eo fOb j e c t s .Se a s o nI I :Ni p p u r ,Ma n u s c r i p t ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e um Ar c h i v e s .Ex p e d i t i o nRe c o r d s ,Ne a rEa s t( I r a q ) ,Ni p p u r ,Ex p e d i t i o n sIa n dI I ,Co n t a i n e rn o .2,Fo l d e r4. 1 8 9 7 Ni p p u ro re x p l o r a t i o n sa n da d v e n t u r e so nt h eEu p h r a t e s .Th en a r r a t i v eo fTh eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a e x p e d i t i o nt oBa b y l o n i ai nt h ey e a r s1 8 8 8–1 8 9 0,G. P .Pu t n a ma n dSo n s ,Ne w Yo r ka n dLo n d o n( 2v o l ume s ) . 1 9 0 3 Re v i e wo f–Ex p l o r a t i o n si nBi b l el a n d sd u r i n gt h eNi n e t e e n t hc e n t u r y ,H. V.Hi l p r e c h t ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a ,Ho l ma n a n dCo . ,1 9 0 3,Th eAme r i c a nJ o u r n a lo fTh e o l o g y7. 4:7 1 2–7 3 0. 1 9 0 5 Th eNi p p u rLi b r a r y ,J AOSXXVI :1 4 5–1 5 4. 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Po e b e l ,A. 1 9 0 9 Ba b y l o n i a nl e g a la n db u s i n e s sd o c u me n t sf r o mt h et i meo ft h eFi r s tDy n a s t yo fBa b y l o n ,c h i e f l yf r o m Ni p p u r , Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o nVI . 2) . 1 9 1 4 Hi s t o r i c a la n dg r a mma t i c a lt e x t s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( = Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a n Se c t i o nV) . 1 9 14a Hi s t o r i c a lt e x t s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o nI V. 1) . 36 Ti m CLAYDEN 1 9 1 4b Gr a mma t i c a lt e x t s ,Th eUn i v e r s i t yMu s e u m,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =Pu b l i c a t i o n so ft h eBa b y l o n i a nSe c t i o nVI . 1) . Ra d a u ,H. 1 9 0 8 DrHi l p r e c h t ’ sv i e wsr e g a r d i n gt h eNi p p u rt a b l e t sf r o mt h es t a n d p o i n to fa nAs s y r i o l o g i s t ,Pr i v a t ep u b l i c a t i o n , Ph i l a d e l p h i a . 1 9 0 8a Le t t e r st oCa s s i t eKi n g sf r o mt h et e mp l eAr c h i v e sofNi p p u r ,Un i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i a ,Ph i l a d e l p h i a( =BE. A XVI I . 1) . 1 9 0 9 Mi s c e l l a n e o u sSume r i a nt e x t sf r om t h eTe mp l eLi b r a r yo fNi p p u r ,I n–Hi l p r e c h tAn n i v e r s a r yVo l ume .S t u d i e s i nAs s y r i o l o g ya n dAr c h a e o l o g yd e d i c a t e dt oHe r ma n nV .Hi l p r e c h tu p o nt h et we n t y f i f t ha n n i v e r s a r yo fh i s d o c t o r a t ea n dh i sf i f t i e t hb i r t h d a y( 2 8th J u l y ) ,b yh i sc o l l e a g u e s ,f r i e n d sa n da d mi r e r s ,p p .3 7 4–4 5 7,J . C. 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Va nDi j k ,J . 1 9 8 3 LUGALUD MELÁMb iNI RĞÁL.Ler é c i té p i q u ed i d a c t i q u ed e st r a v a u xd eNi n u r t a ,d uDé l u g ee td el a No u v e l l eCr é a t i o n .T e x t e ,t r a d u c t i o ne ti n t r o d u c t i o n( 2v o l ume s ) ,E. J .Br i l l ,Le i d e n . Ve e n h o f ,K. R. 1 9 8 6 Cu n e i f o r ma r c h i v e s ,i nK. R.Ve e n h o f( e d . ) ,Cu n e i f o r ml i b r a r i e sa n da r c h i v e s ,p a p e r sr e a da tt h e3 0eRe n c o n t r e As s y r i o l o g i q u eI n t e r n a t i o n a l eLe i d e n ,4–8J u l y1 9 8 3,Ne d e r l a n d sHi s t o r i s c hAr k a e o l o g i s hI n s t i t u u tt eI s t a n b u l , Le i d e n ,p p .1–3 6. Ve l d h u i s ,N. 1 9 9 7 El e me n t a r ye d u c a t i o na tNi p p u r .Th el i s t so ft r e s sa n dwo o d e no b j e c t s .Th e s i ss u bmi t t e d2 5Se p t e mb e r1 9 9 7 f o raDo c t o r a t ea tt h eRi j k s u n i v e r s i t e i tGr o n i n g e n ,Gr o n i n g e n . 2 0 0 0 Ka s s i t ee x e r c i s e s :l i t e r a r ya n dl e x i c a le x t r a c t s ,J CS5 2:6 7–9 4. 2 0 0 4 Re l i g i o n ,l i t e r a t u r e ,a n ds c h o l a r s h i p :t h eS u me r i a nc o mp o s i t i o nNa n š ea n dt h eb i r d s ,wi t hac a t a l o g u eo f S u me r i a nb i r dn a me s ,Le i d e na n dBo s t o n ,Br i l l ,St y x( =Cu n e i f o r m Mo n o g r a p h s2 2) . Vi a n o ,M. 2 01 2 A mi d d l eBa b y l o n i a nf r a gme n to fAn g i mi nt h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPe n n s y l v a n i aMu s e u m,NABU 2 0 1 2. 2:4 2–4, n o .3 1. Wa e t z o l d t ,H.a n dCa v i g n e a u x ,A. 2 0 0 9 Sc h u l e ,RLA1 2:2 9 4–3 0 9. Wa s s e r ma n ,N. 2 0 0 3 S t y l ea n df o r mi no l dBa b y l o n i a nl i t e r a r yt e x t s ,Br i l l ,St y x ,Le i d e na n dBo s t o n( =Cu n e i f o r m Mo n o g r a p h s2 7) . 38 Ti m CLAYDEN We s t e n h o l z ,A. 1 9 7 5 Ea r l yc u n e i f o r mt e x t si nJ e n a .Pr e S a r g o n i ca n dS a r g o n i cd o c u me n t sf r o m Ni p p u ra n dFa r ai nt h eHi l p r e c h t S a mml u n gv o r d e r a s i a t i s c h e rAl t e r t ü me rI n s t i t u tf ü rAl t e r t u ms wi s s e n s c h a f t e nd e rFr i e d r i c hS c h i l l e r Un i v e r s i t ä t , J e n a .De tKo n g e l i g eDa n s k eVi d e n s k a b e r n e sSe l s k a bHi s t o r i s kFi l o s o f i s k eSk r i f t e r7,3,Co p e n h a g e n . 1 9 7 5a Ol dS u me r i a na n dOl dAk k a d i a nt e x t si nPh i l a d e l p h i ac h i e f l yf r o m Ni p p u r .Li t e r a r ya n dl e x i c a lt e x t sa n dt h e e a r l i e s ta d mi n i s t r a t i v ed o c u me n t sf r o m Ni p p u r ,Un d e n aPu b l i c a t i o n s ,Ma l i b u( = Bi b l i o t h e c aMe s o p o t a mi c a , 1) . Wi t z e l ,P . M. 1 9 3 3 Di eÜb e r l i s t u n gd e sZû( u n dd i eTo t e n k l a g ed e rFr a uZû ) ,Or( NS )2:2 6–4 4. 1 9 4 4 Ei ns u me r i s c h e sLe h r g e d i c h t ,Or i e n t a l i a( NS )1 3:2 8 8–3 2 0. Zg o l l ,A. 1 9 9 7 De rRe c h t s f a l ld e rEnhe d uAn n ai m Li e dn i nme š a r a,Mü n s t e r ,Ug a r i tVe r l a g( = Al t e rOr i e n tu n dAl t e s ˘ Te s t a me n tBa n d2 4 6) . Zi mme r n ,H. 1 9 1 7/ 8 Da sNe r g a l l i e dBe r l .VAT6 0 3= Ph i l a d .CBM 1 1 3 4 4=Lo n d .Sm.5 2 6,ZA3 1:1 1 1–2 1. No t e so nAppe ndi xA Th ef o l l o wi n gc o n v e n t i o n sa r ef o l l o we di nAp p e n d i xA: Co l u mn2: CBSt a b l e tn umb e r . Co l u mn3: Ha r p e rn umb e ri fk n o wn . Co l u mn4: Nid i dn u mb e ri fk n o wn . Co l u mn5: Ex c a v a t i o ns e a s o n . Co l u mn6: Ta b l e tj o i n s( t h ee n t r i e sf o rt h o s et a b l e t sj o i n e dt oa ne a r l i e ro n ei nt h es e q u e n c ea r en o t e di ni t a l i c s ) . Co l u mn7: Da t eo fa c c e s s i o n( B. E. F .–Ba b y l o n i a nEx p l o r a t i o nFu n d ;HVH –He r ma n nV.Hi l p r e c h t ) . Co l u mn8: De t a i l so ft h ep r o v e n a n c ea sp r o v i d e db yt h eCBSc a t a l o g u e . Co l u mn9: A l i mi t e db i b l i o g r a p h y . Co l u mn1 0:Th ed a t eo ft h et a b l e t( Ac h . –Ac h a e me n i d ;ED. –Ea r l yDy n a s t i c ;e . OB. –e a r l yOl dBa b y l o n i a n ;MB. –Mi d d l e Ba b y l o n i a n ;n . Ba b .–n e oBa b y l o n i a n ;n / k .–No tKn o wn ;OB.–Ol dBa b y l o n i a n ) . Co l u mn1 1: Th et y p eo ft a b l e t( Ac c t . –Ac c o u n t i n g ;Adm. –Ad mi n i s t r a t i v e ;I n c . –I n c a n t a t i o n ;Le g . –Le g a l ;Le x . –Le x i c a l ; Li t .–Li t e r a r y ;Ma t h .–Ma t h e ma t i c a l ;Me t .–Me t r i c a l ;Mo n .–Mo n ume n t a l ;Pr a y .–Pr a y e r ;Ro y .–Ro y a l ; Sc h .–Sc h o o l ;Sc i .–Sc i e n t i f i c ) . Co l u mn1 2:Va r i o u sc omme n t si n c l u d i n gt h o s ef o u n di nt h eCBSc a t a l o g u ea n dn o t e di nq u o t a t i o nma r k s . Th r o u g h o u t ,t oa v o i dr e p e t i t i o na n yc omme n td u p l i c a t e di nas u b s e q u e n tCBSCa t a l o g u ee n t r yi sr e f e r r e db a c kt ot h eCBS n umb e ra twh i c ht h eo r i g i n a lc omme n tf i r s ta p p e a r s . Appendix A: List of the tablets (with joins) listed in the CBS catalogue as having come from Tablet Hill. The list includes a summary bibliography for each tablet. CBS 1205 Ni Ss Join Accession 253 I CBS 1837 + 1839 B.E.F. 16:03:95. + 2161 + 2166 + 2347 + N 839 + 3033 + 3037 + HS 1603. I CBS 1205. HVH. 24:10:92. 2 1837 3 1838 I CBS 9197 4 5 1839 2133 I CBS 1205. 39 I CBS 1837 B.E.F. 12:11:07. 6 7 2134 2135 40 I 41 I CBS 19829 (+) 6429. B.E.F. 14:11:07. CBS 2134. 8 2136 42 I CBS 12644. CBS 2134. 9 10 11 12 13 2137 2138 2139 2141 2142 43 44 45 47 48 14 2143 15 2144 49 I CBS 2247 + 2275 + 9870. 50 I I I I I I CBS 11097a and b. CBS 1837. Provenance No details. Bibliography Radau 1911: 86‑7, Text 6 and 8, Pls. 10 and 13; van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 14, T and 15, G1; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P258539. Date OB. Type Comments Lit. Provenance by join. No details. Heimpel 1981: 73, Text U, Pls. XIV-V; ECTSL 2006: 4.14.1; CDLI P259142. OB. Lit. Upper stratum of Tablet Hill. E[ast]. side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 2133. East of Shatt-[enNil], exact place unknown. CDLI P259216. nB. nk. CDLI P259217. nB. Chiera 1929: 7 and 118, no. 236; Reiner OB. 1976: 96. Z1; Sjöberg 1973: 1, no. 4; ETCSL 2006: 2.6.2.1; CDLI 229337 and CDLI P259218. Tablet Hill, E[ast]. Landsberger et al. 1967: 66; Pobel 1914: OB. side of Shatt en-Nil. no. 139, Pl. LXX; CDLI P227865. nk. Lit Lex. CBS 2134. CBS 2134. CBS 2134. CBS 2134. CBS 2134. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. OB. OB. OB. OB. e.OB. Lex. Lex. Lex.. Lex. Lex. CBS 2134. CBS 2136. OB. Lex. CBS 2134. CBS 2136. OB. Sch. CDLI P227866. CDLI P227867. CDLI P259219. Chiera 1916: 81, no. 11; CDLI P227868. Hilprecht 1906: 62, no. 24, Pl. 14; Landsberger et al. 1967: 122‑3, III; Civil 1979: 88, M; Neugebauer 1935: 12, no. 20 and 53, no. 114; CDLI P230029. Civil 1969: 192, Y; Civil 1971: 13, L; CDLI P227869. CDLI P230280. Lex. CBS Catalogue annotated ‘bought by Professor Hilprecht in Hillah and Baghdad 1889 and said to have come from Abu Habba but possibly or [...] some came from Nippur’. CBS 1837. The provenance is through the join to CBS 9197. CBS 1837. CBS Catalogue annotated in Hilprechtʼs hand - ʻDr Peters in going over the tablets with me after his return from the second expedition informed me, that the lot beginning with 2136 ff. Was excavated by the ¿rst expedition during the last few (...) daysʼ. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 39 1 CBS 2145 17 2146 18 2147 19 20 21 2148 2149 2150 22 23 Ni Ss Join 51 I CBS 2252 + 2273 + 2276 + UM 29‑13‑721 + 29‑15‑369 + 29‑15‑529. 52 I Accession CBS 2134. Provenance CBS 2136. Bibliography Date Poebel 1914: no. 146, Pl. LXXXV; Chiera OB. 1929: 6, Pl. 100, no. 206; Civil 1969: 176, Q; Civil 1971: 40, A; CDLI P227870. Type Lex. CBS 2134. CBS 2136. Chiera 1929: 14; Civil 1969: 200, Dʼ; Civil 1971: 16, Y2; CDLI P227871. Landsberger et al. 1967: 51 S8 and 66 B12; CDLI P227872. Peterson 2011b: 254, no. 231. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. Radau 1909: 448‑8, no. 9, Pl. 11; Kramer 1976: 12 and 29 (Ni. 4529), Lev. 40; ETSL 2006: 1.8.2.3; Cohen 1973: 63, V; Mittermayer 2009: 104, no. Sn, Taf. XVII; CDLI P259221. ECTSL 2006: 5.3.1; CDLI P259222. Clay 1908: 74, Text 5, Pl. 4; CDLI P259223. Langdon 1919: 345, no. 6; Michalowski 1989: 28, B; ETCSL 2006: c.2.2.3; CDLI P259225. Chiera 1934a: 6 and 8, no. 83, Pl. 85; ETCSL 2006: 1.1.4; Peterson 2011b: 24, No. 9; CDLI P259226. Chiera 1934: 1 and 8, Pls. 4‑5; Alster 1978: 102--112; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.07; CDLI P231619. OB. Lit. OB. n.Bab. Lit. Leg. e.OB. Lit. OB. Lit. OB. Lex. 53 I CBS 9848 + N 4856. 54 I CBS 2190. 55 I 56 I Ni 4529. CBS 2134. CBS 2136. B.E.F. 15:11:07. CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. CBS 2136. 57 I N 4306. 58 I CBS 2148. CBS 1205. CBS 2136. Mound V (?). 24 2151 2152 58, 3‑5‑ 89. 2154 60 I N 2524. CBS 2148. CBS 2136. 25 2155 61 I CBS 12690 + N 3204. CBS 2148. CBS 2136. 26 2156 CBS 2156a + 2250 CBS 2148. + 2340. No details. 27 28 2156a 2157 CBS 2156. 63 IV Nil. Mrs Hilprecht, 15:11:07. No details. Tablet Hill. 29 2158 64 IV CBS 2148. 30 2159 CBS 2148. 31 2160 65 IV CBS 2176 + 2200 + 2236 + 11000 + 11068 + 11073 + 19810 + N 4111 + UM 29‑15‑366. 66 IV N 5487. Tablet Hill, E[ast] side of Shatt [en-Nil]. CBS 2158. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 9, no. 8; Landsberger OB. 1957: 6 S17; Peterson 2008: 46; CDLI P227873. Civil 1965: 1, J and 9‑10; CDLI P259227. e.OB. Lex. Chiera 1916: 167, no. 1; CDLI P227882. Lex. e.OB. Alster 1972: 46, n2, Pl. XI; ETCSL 2006: e.OB. 1.4.3; CDLI P259228. Leg. Lit. Comments No CDLI registration. No CDLI registration. See Clay (1908: 1 and 74) for a discussion of the provenance. Provenance by join. 40 Ti m CLAYDEN 16 CBS 2161 Ni Ss Join 67 I CBS 1205. Accession CBS 2148. 33 34 2162 2163 68 I 69 I CBS 2148. CBS 2148. Provenance Tablet Hill, E[ast] side of Shatt[enNil]. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 35 2164 CBS 2148. CBS 2158. 36 2165 CBS 2148. CBS 2158. 37 38 2166 2167 70 I CBS 2188 + 2207 + 2215. 71 I CBS 2174 + 2212 + 2346 + 2355 + N 5445. 72 I CBS 1205. 73 I CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2161. CBS 2158. 39 2168 74 I CBS 2202 + 11327 CBS 2148. + 12738 + 13386 + N 1889. CBS 2158. 40 41 42 2169 2170 2171 75 I CBS 3879. 76 I 77 I CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 43 44 2172 2173 78 I 79 I CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 45 46 2174 2175 80 I CBS 2165. 81 I CBS 11018. CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 47 48 49 2176 2177 2178 CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 50 2179 82 I CBS 2159. 83 I 84 I CBS 2258 + N 5491 (+) CBS 9802 + N 1866 + 4131 + 5280 + 5464. 85 I N 4312 + 4317. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. 51 2180 86 I CBS 19795 + N 3062. CBS 2148. CBS 2158. Bibliography Date Type Comments No CDLI registration. Sigrist 1980: 105, fn. 4 and 112; CDLI P259230. Chiera 1934: 4 and 8, no. 58, Pl. 64; CDLI P259231. Civil 1969: 175, B; CDLI P227874. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lit. Lit. Westenholz 1975: vi; CDLI P221633. ED IIIb. Adm? Chiera 1929: 7, Pls. 117‑8, nos. 233‑4; Landsberger et al. 1970: 54, V6 and 144, F; CDLI P227876. OB. Lex. CDLI P227878. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 29, no. 37 and 4, Pls. 36‑7, no.46; Landsberger et al. 1960: 82, V42 and V52; Landsberger et al. 1967: 41, V1 and V19; CDLI P227892. Landsberger et al. 1967: 66, B09; CDLI P227879. Chiera 1934: 6 and 8, no. 81, Pl. 88; Sjöberg 1975: 165, F; ETCSL 2006: 4.07.3; CDLI P259238. e.OB. e.OB. Lex. Lex. e.OB. Lex. nk. Sci. al-Fouadi 1969: 55, EE; ETCSL 2006: 1.1.4; CDLI P259233. Myhrman 1911: 10, no. 4; Langdon 1919: 345, no. 14; Chiera 1934a: 7 and 8, no. 116, Pl. 109; Benito 1969: 20, A; ECTSL 2006: 1.1.2; Lambert 2013: 335, a, Pls. 57‑9; CDLI P259234. CDLI P259235. CDLI P259236. Zgoll 1997: 196‑7 and 569; ETCSL 2006: 4.07.2; CDLI P227875. No CDLI registration. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 41 32 CBS 2181 53 2182 54 55 56 2183 2184 2185 57 2186 58 Ni Ss Join 87 I CBS 2229 + 2255 + UM 29‑13‑720. 88 I UM 29‑15‑458 + N 5764. 89 I CBS 2199. 90 I 91 I CBS 9862. Accession B.E.F. 18:11:07. Provenance CBS 2158. Bibliography Date Civil 1969: 30, Uʼ and 176, M; CDLI e.OB. P227880. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 59, no. 118; Peterson e.OB. 2009b: 93‑100, Pl. XXV; CDLI P227881. CDLI P259239. e.OB. OB. Edzard et al. 1976: 141; ETCSL 2006: e.OB. 4.06.1; CDLI P265165. Sjöberg 1972: 108‑9 and 118, no. 2, Pl. 4; e.OB. ECTSL 2006: 5.4.11; CDLI P259241. CDLI P 259242. MB. Type Lex. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 92 I CBS 2331. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. 2187 93 I CBS 2181. CBS 2158. 59 60 2188 2189 CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 61 62 2190 2191 94 I CBS 2164. 95 I CBS 2277 + 2297a. 96 I CBS 2148. 97 I UM 29‑16‑789 (+) CBS 2329. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 63 2192 CBS 2181. CBS 2158. 64 2193 CBS 2181. CBS 2158. 65 2194 98 I N 2709 + 7892 + UM 29‑13‑687. 99 I CBS 2238 + 11401. 100 I CBS 2181. CBS 2158. 66 67 2195 2196 101 I CBS 2181. 102 I CBS 2205 + 2293. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 68 69 2197 2198 103 I CBS 2181. 104 I CBS 9800 + Ist Ni CBS 2181. 368. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. 70 71 72 2199 2200 2201 105 I CBS 2183. 106 I CBS 2159. 107 I N 3075 + 3129. CBS 2148. CBS 2181. 73 74 2202 2203 108 I CBS 2168. 109 I CBS 13107. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2158. CBS 2158. Tablet Hill, E[ast] CDLI P259256. e.OB. side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 105, no. 126; Alster e.OB. 2005: 49, C2; ECTSL 2006: 5.6.1; CDLI P259258. Comments nk. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) notes that the ductus and script are not MB. Radau 1913: 65, no. 10, Pl. 17; CDLI P259244. OB. Lit. Radau (1913: 65, no. 10) notes that the tablet was from ʻTablet Hill.ʼ ECTSL 2006: 2.2.2; Samet 2010; Peterson 2011b: 122‑3, No. 103; CDLI P259246. ECTSL 2006: 5.3.1; CDLI P259247. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lit. Radau 1909: 446, no. 2, pls. 1‑3; ETCSL 2006:.2.5.3.1; CDLI P259248. Benito 1969: 83, Q; ETCSL 2006: 1.1.3; CDLI P259249. ETCSL 2006: 4.80.2; CDLI P259250. Radau 1911: 87, Text 13: Pls. 15 and VI; van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 17, Z2 and 19, W4; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2 and 2.4.2.02; CDLI P259251. CDLI P259252. Chiera 1924: 37‑9, no. 53, Pls. LXXI-II; Kramer 1951: 1; Sladek 1974: 100, C2; CDLI P345344. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lit. e.OB. OB. nk. Lit. Lex. Lit. nk. Lit. No CDLI registration. Lit. Lit. Lit. 42 Ti m CLAYDEN 52 75 CBS 2204 Provenance CBS 2201. 76 77 2205 2206 111 I CBS 2196. 112 I UM 29‑15‑341. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 78 79 80 2207 2208 2209 113 I CBS 2164. 114 I 115 I CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 81 2210 116 I CBS 2181. CBS 2201. 82 83 84 2211 2212 2213 117 I 118 I CBS 2165. 119 I CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 85 2214 120 I CBS 2284. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. 86 87 88 89 2215 2216 2217 2218 121 122 123 124 CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 90 2219 CBS 2181. 91 2220 I CBS 2164. I I I CBS 2334 + N 3335 + 3369 + 4226. 125 I UM 29‑13‑591 + 29‑15‑362. 126 I 92 93 2221 2222 94 Bibliography Radau 1909: 455‑6, no. 20, Pl. XIV; Barton 1918: 67, no. 6; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.2; CDLI P259259. Date e.OB. Type Lit. Ali 1964: 92‑8; Alster 1987; ETCSL 2006: 3.3.03; Kleinerman 2011: xx; CDLI P259261. e.OB. Lit. CDLI P230725. Berlin 1979: 34, CC; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.2.4; CDLI P259263. Peterson 2011b: 17‑8, No. 1; CDLI P259264. CDLI P227883. nk. e.OB. Lex. Lit. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lex. Cooper 1983: 68, D; ETCSL 2006: 2.1.5; e.OB. CDLI P259266. Chiera 1934a: 6 and 8, no. 94, Pl. 93; e.OB. ETCSL 2006: 1.5.1; CDLI P259267. Lit. ETCSL 2006: 1.1.4; CDLI P259269. CDLI P259270. e.OB. nk. e.OB. Lit. nk. Lit. CBS 2201. CDLI P259271. e.OB. Lit. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. OB. Lex. 127 I N 3201. 128 I CBS 2279. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. OB. OB. nk. Lit. 2223 129 I CBS 2181. CBS 2201. OB. Lit. 95 2224 130 I CBS 2181. CBS 2201. OB. Lit. 96 2225 131 I N 3333 + 3542. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. Alster 1997, i: 165, B, Pl. 52; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.08; CDLI P231621. CDLI P259272. Poebel 1914: no. 20, Pl. XI; Chiera 1934: 3 and 8, no. 31, Pl. 33; Michalowski 1989: 28, C; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.3; CDLI P259273. Radau 1909: 449, no. 10, pl. 12; Sjöberg 1973a: 28, L; ECTSL 2006: 4.28.1; CDLI P259274. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 99, no. 104; Sjöberg et al. 1969: 14, Ja; ETCSL 2006: 4.80.1; CDLI P259275. Barton 1918: 67, no. 12; ETCSL 2006: 4.13.b; CDLI P259276. OB. Lit. Comments Lit. No CDLI registration. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 43 Ni Ss Join Accession 110 I CBS 2270 + 2302 CBS 2181. IV + 19751 + N 3144. CBS 2226 98 99 2227 2228 100 101 102 Ni Ss 132 I Join Accession CBS 2181. Provenance CBS 2201. 133 I CBS 2189. 134 I N 3022. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 2229 2230 2231 135 I CBS 2181. 136 I 137 I UM 29‑15‑384. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 103 104 105 106 2232 2233 2234 2235 138 139 140 141 CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS 107 108 2236 2237 142 I CBS 2159. 143 I CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 109 110 2238 2240 CBS 2181. CBS 2181. CBS 2201. CBS 2201. 111 2241 B.E.F., 19:11:07. CBS 2201. 112 2242 144 I CBS 2193. 146 I CBS 7070 + N 3678. 147 I CBS 9850 + 9851 + 11394 + N 4631 + 5222. 148 I CBS 2241. CBS 2201. 113 2243 CBS 2241. CBS 2201. 114 2244 149 I CBS 11072 + N 3093. 150 I UM 29‑15‑420 + N 3081. CBS 2241. CBS 2201. 115 2246 152 I CBS 2241. 116 117 2247 2248 153 I CBS 2143. 154 I CBS 2241. CBS 2241. I I I I 2181. 2181. 2181. 2181. 2201. 2201. 2201. 2201. Bibliography Radau 1909: 448, no. 7, pl. 9; Benito 1969: 83, M; ETCSL 2006: 1.1.3; CDLI P259277. Date e.OB. Type Lit. Radau 1909: 448, no. 6, pl. 8; ECTSL 2006: 5.3.2; CDLI P259279. OB. Lit. Stone 1976: 5, no. 45; CDLI P259281. Poebel 1914: no. 65, Pl. XXVIII; Ali 1964: 113‑6; Michalowski 1976: 243‑251; Sjöberg 1992: 71, a-ga-bal; Frayne 1992; ECTSL 2006: 3.2.03, 5.4.11 and 5.7.A; Kleinerman 2011: xxi, no. 35; CDLI P230798. CDLI P259282. CDLI P259283. CDLI P227884. Veldhuis 1997: 318, Ni II-265; CDLI P227885. OB. nk. Leg. Lex. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. OB. nk. nk. Lex. Lex. Radau 1911: 87, Text 10: Pls. 14 and VI; e.OB. van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 17, Y2; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P259285. Lit. Castellino 1972: 28, Q; ECTSL 2006: 2.4.2.02; CDLI P259288. Langdon 1917: 39, no. 9; Cheira 1929: 5, no. 102: Pl. 55; Civil 1969: 28, A; CDLI P227886. Alster 1997, i: 144, Pl. 39; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02. Cavigneaux 2007: 172; CDLI P231387. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lex. Ferrara 1973: 36, D; Chiera 1934a: 6 and 8, no. 99, Pl. 97; ETCSL 2006: 1.5.1; Peterson 2011b: 59‑60, No. 42; CDLI P259289. E[ast]. side of Shatt CDLI P259291. en-Nil, Tablet Hill. CBS 2246. CBS 2246. CDLI P259293. Comments No CDLI registration. OB. Lex. OB. Lit. e.OB. Sch. e.OB. Lit. 44 Ti m CLAYDEN 97 118 CBS 2249 119 120 2250 2251 121 122 123 2252 2253 2254 124 125 2255 2256 126 127 128 2257 2258 2259 129 Ni Ss 155 I Join Provenance CBS 2246. 156 I CBS 2156. 157 I CBS 2274. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. 2260 158 I CBS 2145. 159 I 160 I CBS 2361 + 3871 + 19792 + UM 29‑13‑590. 161 I CBS 2181. 162 I (+) CBS 2305 + N 4546 163 I 164 I CBS 2178. 165 I CBS 2341 + 11069 + N 1835 + 4576 + 5178. 166 I CBS 2246. Tablet Hill, E[ast] CDLI P227888. side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CDLI P259297. CBS 2251. Poebel 1914: no. 147, Pl. LXXV; Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 52, no. 100; Civil 1969: 29, Kp, 31 I” and 191, W; CDLI P227889. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 6, no. 5; Civil 1969: 30, Bʼ, 192, X; CDLI P227890. CBS 2251. CDLI P227891. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. Poebel 1914: no. 153, Pl. LXXXII; Civil 1971: 13, M; CDLI P227893. CBS 2241. CBS 2251. 130 2261 167 I CBS 2241. CBS 2251. 131 132 2262 2263 168 I 169 I CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 133 2264 170 I CBS 2241. CBS 2251. 134 135 2265 2266 CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 136 137 2267 2268 171 I 172 I CBS 2301 + 8803 + 8803a + 11300 + N 921. 173 I 174 I CBS 2277 + 2300. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 138 139 140 141 2269 2270 2271 2272 175 176 177 178 CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. I I CBS 2204. I I CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. Bibliography Radau 1909: 449‑50, no. 13, pls. 16 and X; CDLI P259294. Date e.OB. Type Lit. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lex. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Lex. Chiera 1929: 14; Veldhuis 1997: 293, Ni II-020; CDLI P227894. Civil 1971: 15, J2; Veldhius 1997: 298, Ni II-020; CDLI P227895. Peterson 2011a: 260; CDLI P227896. Veldhuis 1997: 313, Ni II-217; CDLI P227897. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 85, no. 176; Veldhius 1997: 305, Ni II-098; CDLI P227898. CDLI P227899. Poebel 1914: no. 132, Pl.s. LXIV and CXVII; CDLI P259300. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. e.OB. OB. Lex. Lex. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. n.Bab. Lex. Lex Lit. CDLI P227900. Legrain 1922: 80, No. 45: Pl. XVIII; Green 1984: 255, D and L; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.5; CDLI P259301. Stone 1976: 6, no. 63; CDLI P259302. e.OB. OB. Lex. Lit. OB. Leg. Chiera 1914: 109, no. 88; CDLI P259304. e.OB. Legrain 1922: 30, No. 9: Pl. IV; e.OB. Michalowski 1976: 243‑251; ETCSL 2006: 3.1.17; Michalowski 2011: 416‑32, no. 21, N2; CDLI P259305. Adm. Lit. Comments Information on type courtesy of Dr. J. Peterson, October 2014. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 45 Accession CBS 2241. 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 CBS 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 5a, 3‑19 ‑89. 2282 2283 2284 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 Ni 179 180 181 182 183 184 Ss I I I I I I Accession CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. CBS 2241. B.E.F. 21:11: 07. CBS 2277. Provenance CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 185 I CBS 2222. 186 I 187 I CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 188 189 190 193 194 195 196 197 I I I CBS 2214. I I I I I CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. 198 199 200 201 203 I I CBS 2196. I I I CBS 2189. I I I CBS 2268. I CBS 2266. I CBS 2204. I CBS 13395 + N 3217. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS Join 2145. 2251. 2143. 2145. 2268. 159 2292 2293 160 161 2294 162 2295 163 2297 164 2297a 165 2298 166 2299 2300 167 2301 168 2302 169 170 2303 204 205 206 207 208 209 171 2304 210 I CBS 9860. CBS 2277. CBS 2251. 172 173 2305 2306 211 I CBS 2256. 212 I CBS 2277. CBS 2277. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. Bibliography Date Type Chiera 1934: 5, Pl. 77, no. 67; Tinney 1996: 92, N16; ECTSL 2006: 2.2.4; CDLI P259311. e.OB. Lit. CDLI P259313. Radau 1909: 450, no. 14, pl. 17; CDLI P259314. CDLI P227901. CDLI P259315. e.OB. e.OB. nk. Lit. OB. OB. Lex. Adm. CDLI P259319. CDLI P259230. Chiera 1914: 108, no. 84; CDLI P259321. CDLI P259322. Cohen 1973: 63, W; Mittermayer 2009: 105, no. Tn, Taf. XI; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.2.3; CDLI P259323. ETCSL 2006: 2.5.4.01; CDLI P259324. OB. OB. OB. OB. OB. Leg. Adm. nk. Adm. Lit. OB. Lit. CDLI P259326. Stone 1976: 5, no. 53; CDLI P259327. CDLI P259330. OB. OB. Ach. Adm. Leg. Adm. CDLI P230726. CDLI P259331. nk. e.OB. Lex. nk. Chiera 1934: 5 and 8, no. 126, Pl. 105; OB. Tinney 1996: 90, N2; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.4; CDLI P268475. Chiera 1919: 272, no. 30, Pl. 85; Peterson e.OB. 2011a: 270; CDLI P227902. Lit. CDLI P227903. Lex. e.OB. Lex. Comments 46 Ti m CLAYDEN 142 143 144 145 146 147 174 CBS 2307 Ni Ss Join 213 I CBS 9204 + 9878 + N 2430. Accession CBS 2277. Provenance CBS 2251. Type Lit. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. Bibliography Date Chiera 1934a: 6 and 8, nos. 95 and 96, Pl. e.OB. 94; Michalowski 1989: 28, D; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.3; CDLI P259336. nk. CDLI P259337. MB. 175 176 2314 2328 220 I 234 I CBS 2277. B.E.F. 02:12:07. 177 178 2329 2330 235 I CBS 2191. 236 I 179 180 B.E.F. 22:11:07. CBS 2329. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CDLI P259339. ? nk. 2331 2332 237 I CBS 2186. CBS 2329. 238 I (+) CBS 11404 (+) B.E.F., 02:12:07. N7688. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. e.OB. Lex. 181 182 183 2333 2334 2335 239 I 240 I CBS 2218. 241 I CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. Chiera 1916: 169, no.s 25 and 27; Peterson 2011a: 264; CDLI P227677 and P227904. CDLI P259341. e.OB. nk. CDLI P259343. MB. 184 185 186 187 2336 2337 2338 2339 242 243 244 245 CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CDLI P227905. CDLI P259344. CDLI P259345. Chiera 1916: 167, no. 3; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227906. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿ed the type of text. Lex. Lit. nk. Lex. 188 189 190 2340 2341 2342 246 I CBS 2156. 247 I CBS 2259. 248 I CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2332. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. e.OB. Lex. 191 2343 249 I B.E.F. 03:12:07. CBS 2251. e.OB. Lit. 192 2344 250 I (+) CBS 14547 + N 3539. CBS 2343. CBS 2251. OB. Mon. 193 2345 251 I CBS 2354 + 7071. CBS 2343. CBS 2251. Chiera 1916: 167, no. 2; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227907. Sjöberg 1977: 29‑32 and 45, no. 7; ETCSL 2006: 2.5.4.04; CDLI P259348. Poebel 1914a: 209‑15, nos. 36 and 37, Pls. XXIII and XXIV; Michalowski 1980: 233, 237‑8, 243 and 245, I; Frayne 1993: 55‑7, E.2.1.2.7, 95‑9, E2.1.4.3 and 103‑8, E2.1.4.6; CDLI P227513. Castellino 1972: 27, B: Pls. I-VI; ECTSL 2006: 2.4.2.02; CDLI P259350. e.OB. Lit. 194 195 196 2346 2347 2354 252 I CBS 2165. 253 I CBS 1205. 260 I CBS 2345. CBS 2343. CBS 2343. CBS 2343. 197 198 2355 2356 261 I CBS 2165. 262 I CBS 2343. CBS 2343. CBS 2251. CBS 2251. E[ast] side of Shatt-en-Nil. CBS 2354. CBS 2354. e.OB. Adm. I N 4638. I I I nk. No CDLI registration. Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿ed the type of text. Dif¿cult to date (pers comm Dr J. Peterson, October 2014). THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 47 Chiera 1914: 109, no. 94, Pls. XLIV-V; CDLI P259361. Comments CBS 2357 Ni Ss 263 I 200 2358 201 2359 202 203 2361 3375 204 Join Accession CBS 2343. Provenance CBS 2354. 264 I CBS 2343. CBS 2354. 265 I CBS 2343. CBS 2354. 267 I CBS 2254 1281 II CBS 2343. B.E.F., 02:03:95. CBS 2354. CBS 2354. 3384 1290 II CBS 3375. Tablet Hill. 205 206 3385 Harper 3402 1291 II 1308 II CBS 3375. B.E.F., 07:03:07. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill (East side of Shatt en-nil). 207 3425 1331 I B.E.F., 04:11:99. E[ast] side of Shatt [en-Nil]. Poebel 1909: 46‑9 and 146, no. 10, pl. 5; CDLI 259799. 208 3426 1332 I CBS 3426a. CBS 3425. CBS 3425. 209 3426a. 210 3430 1336 II CBS 3425. 211 3558 1464 I Ni 4557 + 9696. CBS 3425. Tablet Hill. 212 3585 1491 I B.E.F., 06:11:99. No details. 213 3586 1492 I CBS 3585 No details. 214 3588 1494 I CBS 3585 No details. 215 1496 I CBS 3585 No details. 216 3590 50, 3‑ 14, 89 3591 1497 I CBS 3585 No details. 217 3595 1501 I CBS 3585 No details. Bibliography Date Radau 1909: 451, no. 20, pls. 24‑5; e.OB. Sjöberg 1975: 166, Q; ETCSL 2006: 4.07.3; CDLI P259362. Radau 1913: 63, Text 3: Pls. 5‑6. and I-II; e.OB. Alster 1972: 46, w; ETCSL 2006: 1.4.3; CDLI P259363. Langdon 1917a: 202, no. 19; Michalowski e.OB. 1989: 28, E; ETCSL 2006: 2.2.3; CDLI P259364. Type Lit. Ungnad 1915: 46, no. 12, Pl. IX; CDLI 259748. Poebel 1909: 146‑7, no. 13, Pl. 7; CDLI P259757. CDLI 259758. CDLI 259775. OB. Let. OB. Let. e.OB. OB. Sch. Sch. OB. Leg. Poebel 1909: 49‑50 and 147, no. 14, Pl. 7; OB. CDLI 259800. Leg. The CBS entry is annotated ʻolder Temple Libraryʼ and ʻFirst half of Petersʼ campaignʼ. Poebel (1909: 1) states that it was found in the south west area of Mound IV (i.e. Mound V). Letter and envelope. Poebel 1909: 20 and 150, no. 44, Pl. 6; CDLI 259804. Ellis 1979: 217 and 226, no. 7; Peterson 2011b: 192‑4, No. 170; Cig et al. 1969: 23 and 52 (Ni 9696), p. 109; CDLI 270460. Clay 1908: 80, Text 87: Pl. 36; CDLI 259958. Clay 1908: 75, Text 28: Pl. 11; CDLI 259959. Clay 1908: 82, Text 120: Pl. 53; CDLI 259961. Clay 1908: 79, Text 73: Pl. 30; CDLI 259963. Clay 1908: 79, Text 77: Pl. 32; CDLI 259964. Clay 1908: 79, Text 69: Pl. 29; CDLI 259968. OB. Leg. CBS 3425. MB. Lit. CDLI reÀects Ellisʼ dating rather than Peterson. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) did not identify the tablet as MB. Ach. Leg. NB. Leg. Ach. Leg. Ach. Leg. Ach. Leg. Ach. Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Clay (1908: 75) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Clay (1908: 82) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Harperʼs mark illegible. Lit. Comments Radau (1913: 63, no. 3) notes that the tablet was from ʻTablet Hillʼ. Lit. Poebel (1909: 1) noted that it was found in the south west area of ʻMound IVʼ. CBS 3426. 48 Ti m CLAYDEN 199 Provenance No details. CBS 3585 No details. CBS 3585 No details. 3600 17, 2‑13 1506 I ‑89 3601 13, 2‑13 1507 I ‑89 3602 1508 I CBS 3585 No details. CBS 3585 No details. CBS 3585 No details. CBS 3585 No details. CBS 3585 No details. 226 3603 51, 13‑ 1509 I 14‑89. 3604 x, 3‑12‑ 1510 I 89 3606 1512 I CBS 3585 No details. 227 3610 1516 I CBS 3585 No details. 228 3620 1526 I CBS 3585 No details. Clay 1908: 78, Text 60: Pl. 25; CDLI 259993. Ach. 229 3624 1530 I B.E.F., 07:11:99. No details. Clay 1908: 79, Text 78: Pl. 32; CDLI 259997. Ach. 230 3625 1531 I CBS 3624. Clay 1908: 84, Text 146: Pl. 65; CDLI 259998. NB. 231 3630 1536 I CBS 3624. Clay 1908: 79: Text 76: Pl. 31; CDLI 260003. Ach. 232 3656 1562 II B.E.F., 29:01:07. Myhrman 1911: 10, no. 5; Pls. 8‑9 and XL; Radau 1913: 45 and 63, Text 2: Pls. 3‑4; CDLI 260028. MB. 233 3803 1709 I B.E.F., 18:02:07. Poebel 1909: 40 and 147, no. 16, Pl. 8; CDLI P260176. OB. 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 CBS Ni Ss 3596 10, 3‑14 1502 I ‑89 3597 10, 2‑13 1503 I ‑89 3599 1505 I Join E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. Bibliography Clay 1908: 80, Text 95: Pl. 39; CDLI 259969. Clay 1908: 77, Text 55: Pl. 23; CDLI 259970. Clay 1908: 80, Text 86: Pl. 35; CDLI 259972. Date Ach. Clay 1908: 80, Text 88: Pl. 35; CDLI 259973. Clay 1908: 81, Text 71: Pl. 30; CDLI P259974. Clay 1908: 79, Text 80: Pl. 33; CDLI 259975. Clay 1908: 80, Text 84: Pl. 34; CDLI 259976. Clay 1908: 78, Text 66: Pl. 29; CDLI 259977. Clay 1908: 81, Text 100: Pl. 41; CDLI 259979. Clay 1908: 80, Text 94: Pl. 38; CDLI 259983. Ach. NB. Ach. Ach. Ach. Ach. Ach. Ach. Ach. Type Comments Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 77) notes that the tablet may have been from Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Harperʼs mark No. 32. Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 81) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 78) notes that the tablet may have been from Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 81) notes that the tablet may have been from Mound V. Leg. Clay (1908: 80) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Harperʼs mark: 9, 2‑16‑89. Leg. See Clay (1908: 1 and 78) for a discussion of the possible provenance on Mound V. Harperʼs mark: - 14, 2-...-89. Leg. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been from Mound V. Harperʼs mark: - 18, 2‑12‑89. Leg. Clay (1908: 84) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Harperʼs mark: - 24, 2‑1‑89. Leg. Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. Harperʼs mark: - 11, 2‑13‑89. Lit. Radau (1913: 63, no. 2) notes that the tablet was from ʻTablet Hill.ʼ The CBS catalogue states that the tablet was from the West side of the Shat-en-Nil. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) did not identify the tablet as MB. Leg, Poebel (1909: 1) states that it came from the south west area of ʻMound IVʼ (i.e Mound V). THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 49 Accession CBS 3585 218 CBS 3804 Ni Ss 1710 II 235 3805 236 Join Accession B.E.F., 19:02:07. Provenance Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Bibliography Gordon 1959: 164, DD; Falkowitz 19834: 23; Alster 1997, i: 41, DD; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI 231516. Date OB. 1711 II CBS 3804. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. OB. 3806 1712 II CBS 3804. OB. Sch. CBS 3804. 237 3807 1713 II CBS 3804. Sch. CBS 3804. 3808 1714 II CBS 3804. OB. Sch. CBS 3804. 239 3810 1716 II CBS 3804. Falkowitz 19834: 23; Peterson 2011a: 270; CDLI 260178. Chiera 1919: 273, no. 45, Pl. 91; Falkowitz 19834: 23; CDLI 260179. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 47, no. 78; Falkowitz 19834: 23; CDLI 260181. OB. 238 OB. Lex (?). CBS 3804. 240 3811 1717 II CBS 3804. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Peters Mound V. Temple Library. Falkowitz 19834: 23; Alster 1997, i: 256‑7 and 1997, ii: 489; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.21; CDLI 231681. Falkowitz 19834: 23; CDLI 260177. Type Comments Lex Round tablet. CBS annotated ʻAccording to slip written by Dr Clay concerning these tablets ”Niffer, First Year, Round Tablets; the following tablets are from ¿rst campaignʼs result (....) correct. (They came from ʻTablet Hillʼ; above (....) found exclusively in Ist year. But No. 3804 bears on top traces in ink of No. 568 made by Peters himself - a distinctive feature of many of the tablets of 2nd campaign, (....) Dr Peters as (.....) and marking. Therefore I personally feel positively somewhat that Nos. 3804‑3811 + 3820 form part of Dr Petersʼ 2nd campaign. Accordingly I have classi¿ed them as suchʼ. Lex. CBS 3804. 241 3832 1738 I B.E.F., 09:03:07. 242 3833 1739 I CBS 3835. CBS 3832. 243 244 3835 3842 1741 I 1748 IV N 3755 + UM 29‑16‑225. CBS 3832. Mrs Hilprecht, 09:03:07. 245 3843 1749 IV CBS 3842. E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. Tablet Hill. E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. Tablet Hill. Temple Library. CBS 3832. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Falkowitz 19834: 23; Alster 1997, i: 119, OB. Lex. CBS 3804. E; ECTSL 2006: 6.2.1; CDLI 231599. Ellis 1979: 217 and 225, no. 5; CDLI MB (?) Lit. Date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 260202. 2014. Petersen 2013: 1; CDLI 260203. OB. Pray. Inc. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 46, no. 76; OB. Landsberger et al. 1970: 54, V10 and 119, A; Veldhuis 2004: 188‑90, 8.2.2.1; CDLI 227909. Radau 1909: no. 17, pl. 21; Berlin 1979: nk. 34, V; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.2.4; CDLI 260212. Lex. CBS annotated - ʻOlder temple library, presented by H.V.H., box opened in 1905 in presence of witnessesʼ. Lit. CBS 3842. 50 Ti m CLAYDEN 234 246 CBS 3844 247 3845 248 249 250 3846 3847 3848 251 Ni Ss 1750 IV Join Accession CBS 3842. Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography Date Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 57, no. 110; Civil OB. 1969: 29, P; Falkowitz 19834: 23; CDLI 229517. Chiera 1916: 83, no. 41, Pl. 21; Peterson OB. 2011a: 263; CDLI P228992. nk. CDLI 260213. nk. Chiera 1919: 270, no. 3, Pl. 71; Peterson OB. 2011a: 266; CDLI P 230290. Chiera 1916: 83, no. 34, Pl. 18; Chiera OB. 1929: 6, Pl. 77, no. 147; Veldhius 1997: 301, Ni II-52; Peterson 2011a: 260; CDLI 227910. Civil 1979: 108, no. 12; CDLI 227912. OB. Type Comments Sch. Round tablet. CBS 3842. 1751 IV N 3785 + 5093. CBS 3842. Tablet Hill. CBS 3842. CBS 3842. CBS 3842. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 3849 1752 IV 1753 IV 1754 IV (+) CBS 7829 + 7836 + N 1645. 1755 IV CBS 3842. Tablet Hill. 252 3854 1760 IV Tablet Hill. 253 3855 Lex. 3856 E[ast] side of Shatt Chiera 1914: 109, no. 102, Pl. 51; CDLI [en-Nil], Tablet Hill. 230718. Tablet Hill. CDLI 260217. OB. 254 1761 IV UM 29‑16‑243 + N 5901. 1762 IV n.Bab. nk. 255 3857 1763 IV Mrs Hilprecht 13:12:09. Mrs Hilprecht 15:01:09. Mrs Hilprecht 13:12:09. CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. OB. Lex. 256 3858 1764 IV CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. OB. Lex. 257 258 259 3859 3860 3861 1765 IV 1766 IV 1767 IV CBS 3856. CBS 3856. CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Math. Lex. Lit. CBS ʻbox opened for trial, box 40ʼ. 260 261 3864 3865 1770 IV 1771 IV CBS 3856. CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1929: 14; Veldhius 1997: 298, Ni II-024; CDLI 227913. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 48, no. 83; Landsberger 1959: 177, V5; CDLI 227914. Chiera 1929: 14; CDLI 260218. CDLI P227915. Chiera 1934a: 7 and 8, no. 106, Pl. 102; ETCSL 2006: 1.3.2; CDLI P260219. Chiera 1929: 14; CDLI 227916. n.Bab. OB. 262 263 3866 3867 1772 IV 1773 IV CBS 3856. CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P260222. CDLI P230728. OB. OB. 264 3868 1774 IV CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1929: 14; Reiner 1974: 94, N; Falkowitz 19834: 23; CDLI P227917. e.OB. Lex. CBS 3861. Metr. CBS 3861. No CDLI registration. Date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Math. CBS 3861. Sch. CBS 3861. Date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lex. Round tablet. CBS 3861. 265 3871 1777 I CBS 2254. BEF 05:12:07. 266 3872 1778 I CBS 3871. E[ast] side of Shatt [en-Nil], Tablet Hill. CBS 3871. CDLI P227918. Lex. CBS 3842. nk. CBS 3842. No CDLI registration. Math. CBS 3842. Lex. Prism. CBS 3842. Lex. CBS 3842. Lex. CBS annotated ʻbox opened for trial, box 10ʼ. CBS ʻbox opened for trialʼ. e.OB. Lex. CBS 3861. Dr J. Peterson suggests that the text may be MB and a list of omens (pers comm October 2014). THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 51 CBS 3861. CBS 3874 Ni Ss Join 1780 IV CBS 3877. Accession CBS 3856. Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography Westenholz 1975a: vi; CDLI P010533. Date ED IIIa. 3875 1781 IV N 4873. CBS 3856. Tablet Hill. e.OB. 269 270 271 3876 3877 3878 CBS 3856. CBS 3856. Mrs Hilprecht 14:12:9. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. n.Bab. Leg. 272 273 3879 3880 1782 IV 1783 IV CBS 3874. 1784 IV CBS 6889 + 6905 + N 6378 + 6843 + 7021 + 7269 (+) 3878 + 3901 + 3916 + 3927 + 11078 + 19827 (+) CBS 13402c. 1785 IV CBS 2169. 1786 IV Chiera 1916a: 171, no. 50, Pl. 62; Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 81, no. 168; Veldhuis 1997: 306, Ni-151; Peterson 2011a: 264; CDLI P227919. CDLI P260227. Type Comments Lit. CBS annotated ʻbox opened for trialʼ. The CBS catalogue records the provenance on Mound V, but Haynesʼ report of 1st November 1896 states that it was found in Mound III. Lex. CBS 3874. 268 CBS 3878. CBS 3878. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 274 275 3881 3882 CBS 3878. CBS 3878. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 276 3883 1787 IV 1788 IV CBS 19758 (+) N 3852. 1789 IV CBS 3878. Tablet Hill. 277 278 3884 3885 1790 IV 1791 IV CBS 3878. CBS 3878. 279 3886 1792 IV CBS 3910. CBS 3878. 280 281 282 283 284 3887 3888 3889 3890 3891 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill upper stratum Tablet Hill upper level. CBS 3886. CBS 3886. CBS 3886. CBS 3886. CBS 3885. 285 286 287 288 3892 3893 3894 3895 1798 1799 1800 1801 CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3896 + 3899 CBS 3878. + 3911. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3878. IV CBS 3897 + 3898. CBS 3878. IV CBS 3878. CBS 3874. CBS 3874. CBS annotated ʻbox 40 same as aboveʼ (i.e. opened for trial). Chiera 1934: 1‑2, Pl. 25, no. 22; ETCSL e.OB. 2006: 2.2.2; Samet 2010; Peterson 2011a: 261; Peterson 2011b: 121, No. 101; CDLI P264318. Lit. Chiera 1916a: 168, no. 18, Pl. 49; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P230292. CDLI P227921. ECTSL 2006: 6.1.08. OB. Lex. CBS 3874. CBS 3874. e.OB. OB. Lex. nk. CBS 3874. CBS 3881. No CDLI registration. OB. Lex. CDLI P260230. CDLI P260231. e.OB. n.Bab. Sch. Leg. CBS 3881. No CDLI registration. Date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CDLI P260232. n.Bab. nk. CBS 3881. CDLI P260233. CDLI P260234. CDLI P260235. CDLI P260236. CDLI P260237. e.OB. e.OB. n.Bab. n.Bab. n.Bab. nk. Sch. nk. nk. Leg. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CDLI P260238. CDLI P260239. CDLI P260240. CDLI P260241. n.Bab. n.Bab. n.Bab. n.Bab. Leg. Let. Leg. Leg. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. 52 Ti m CLAYDEN 267 CBS 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3904 3905 3906 Ni 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 Ss IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV Accession CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. CBS 3878. Provenance CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. 300 3907 1813 IV Mrs Hilprecht 15:12:09. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3878. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3885. 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 3908 3909 3910 3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. CBS 3885. Tablet Hill. CBS 3917. 312 313 314 3921 3922 3923 1827 IV 1828 IV 1829 IV N 3629 + 3636 + 3648. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. 315 316 3924 3925 CBS 3907. CBS 3907. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. 3926 1830 IV 1831 IV (+) CBS 10065 + 11075 (+) UM 29‑15‑564 (+) N 1848. 1832 IV CBS 3931 317 CBS 3907. CBS 3917. 318 3927 1833 IV CBS 3878. Mrs Hilprecht 14:12:09. CBS 3917. IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV CBS CBS CBS CBS Join 3891. 3894. 3894. 3891. CBS 3878. CBS 3886. CBS 3891. CBS 3878. CBS 3928. Bibliography Date Type Comments CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. As for CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CDLI P260246. n.Bab. Leg. CDLI P260248. CDLI P227922. CDLI P227923. CDLI P260249 CDLI P260250. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Landsberger 1957: 150; Alster 2005: 353, K; CDLI P260251. CDLI P260252. CDLI P260253. n.Bab. n.Bab. n.Bab. Lit. Lex. Lex. nk. Lex (?). Lex (?). nk. nk. CDLI P260256. CDLI P227924. CDLI P260257. CDLI P260258. n.Bab. nk. n.Bab. n.Bab. nk. Lex. Lex. Lex. nk. e.OB. nk. Lex. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Math. CBS 3881. Sci. CBS 3881. Lit. CBS 3881. e.OB. OB. nk. Lex. MB. Adm. CBS 3881. Not listed in Brinkamn (1976) despite the dating to Nazi-marrutash year 15. CBS 3881. Chiera 1929: 4, Pls. 12‑3, no. 12; Reiner 1974: 110, A; CDLI P227925. CDLI P260262. CDLI P260263. Poebel 1914: no. 27, Pl. XVIII; Cavigneaux et al.: 1993: 101, Ni; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.1.2; CDLI P260264. CDLI P260265. Chiera 1916: 84, no. 46, Pl. 24 and 85, no. 62, Pl. 33: Peterson 2011a: 263; CDLI P 231608 and 229011. Clay 1906: 66, no. 66; Cavigneaux et al. 2002: 16‑17, no. C; Peterson 2013: 1; CDLI P260266. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. As for CBS 3881. As for CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. As for CBS 3881. CBS 3881. No CDLI registration. CBS ʻBox 29ʼ. CBS 3881. CBS 3881. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 53 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 CBS 3928 3930 321 3931 Ni Ss Join 1834 IV CBS 3918. 1836 IV CBS 12503 (+ ?) 12735 + 12736. 1837 IV CBS 3926. Accession CBS 3907. CBS 3907. Provenance CBS 3917. CBS 3917. 322 323 324 325 3932 3933 3934 3935 1838 1839 1840 1841 Mrs Hilprecht 16:12:09. CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. 326 3936 1842 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. 327 3937 1843 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. 328 329 3938 3939 1844 IV 1845 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. 330 3940 1846 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. CDLI 260272. n.Bab. 331 3941 1847 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. OB. 332 333 3942 3943 1848 IV 1849 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. e.OB. e.OB. Math. CBS 3918. Lex. CBS 3918. 334 3944 1850 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. OB. Lex. 335 3945 1851 IV CBS 3931. CBS 3917. Chiera 1929: 7, Pl. 124, no. 246; Civil 1971: 65, G and 83, G; CDLI 227932. CDLI 260273. Chiera 1919: 270, no. 9, Pl. 73; Peterson 2011a: 266; CDLI 227933. Veldhuis 1997: 326, Ni U-13; CDLI P230295. CDLI 260274. CBS 3918. CBS 3918. No CDLI entry. Date and text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Roy CBS 3918. Mon. Lex. CBS 3918. e.OB. 336 337 3946 3947 1852 I 1853 I CBS 3931. CBS 3931. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CDLI 260275. e.OB. OB. 338 339 3954 3956 1860 I 1862 I B.E.F. 17:12:09. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. e.OB. e.OB. 340 3957 1863 I CBS 3954. CBS 3917. e.OB. 341 342 3958 3959 1864 I 1865 I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CDLI 260282. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 101, no. 112; Civil 1983: 47, C1; CDLI 260284. Cooper 1983: 70, F4, Pl. 24; ETCSL 2006: 2.1.5; CDLI 260285. ETCSL 2006: 1.2.2; CDLI P260286. Chiera 1916: 86; Chiera 1929: 14; Peterson 2011a: 260; CDLI 227934. Roy CBS 3918. Mon. Sch. CBS 3918. Lex. CBS 3918. No CDLI entry. Date and text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. Lit. CDLI incorrectly notes that the ECTSL edition is 1.2.2. Lit. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lex. IV IV IV IV Bibliography Date Type CDLI P227926. e.OB. Lex. Comments CBS 3881. CBS 3918. Details of join courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CBS 3918. Reiner 1974: 112, B1; CDLI 227927. CDLI 227928. CDLI 227929. Chiera 1929: 14; Veldhuis 1997: 293, Ni II-025; CDLI 227930. CDLI P260270. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Lex. Lex. Lex. Lex. CBS 3918. CBS 3918. CBS 3918. CBS 3918. e.OB Lit. Alster 1997, i: 4, NN; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.01. CDLI 260271. OB. Lex. CBS 3918. Type of text courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. CBS 3918. No CDLI entry. nk. OB. nk. Lex. CBS 3918. 54 Ti m CLAYDEN 319 320 343 344 345 CBS 3960 3961 3962 Ni 1866 1867 1868 Ss I I I 346 347 348 349 3963 3964 3965 3966 1869 1870 1871 1872 350 Join Provenance CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. Bibliography CDLI 260287. CDLI 227935. Hilprecht 1906: 60, no 18: Pl. 9; CDLI P227936. Date e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Peterson 2011b: 43, No. 26; CDLI P260289. CDLI 227939. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 100, no. 109; ETCSL 2006: 1.3.2; CDLI 260290. CDLI P260291. e.OB. Type Comments Let. Lex. Lex. Hilprecht (1906: 60, no. 18) records the Museum number as MIO Ist. Ni. 1868, found on Mound V in season IV. Lex. nk. No CDLI entry. Lex. Lex. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. I I I I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CDLI 227937. e.OB. nk. e.OB. e.OB. 3967 1873 I CBS 3954. CBS 3917. 351 352 3968 3969 1874 I 1875 I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. e.OB. e.OB. Lex. Lit. 353 354 3970 3971 1876 I 1877 I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. e.OB. OB. 355 356 3972 3973 1878 I 1879 I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CDLI 227940. CDLI 260292. e.OB. e.OB. 357 358 359 3974 3975 3976 1880 I 1881 I 1882 I CBS 3954. CBS 3954. B.E.F. 18:12:09. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CBS 3917. CDLI P260293. CDLI P260294. OB. e.OB. e.OB. 360 3977 1883 I CBS 3976. CBS 3917. 361 4502 - B.E.F. 17:03:05. I CBS 4502. Temple Library. Tablet Hill. CBS 4502. 362 363 4503 7, 2‑18‑ 89. 4504 II CBS 4502. CBS 4502. 364 4505 II CBS 4502. 365 4506 I CBS 4502. Civil 1979: 22‑3, Ez; CDLI 227938. CDLI 260288. Ungnad 1915: Pl. XIV, no. 18; Stol 1986: 12‑13, no. 18; CDLI 260295. Langdon 1917: 39, no. 11, Pl. 15‑7; CDLI 230301. ETCSL 2006: 2.8.2.4, 2.8.2.5 and 2.8.2.6; CDLI 260817. CDLI 260818. OB. nk. Math. No CDLI entry. Date and text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lex. Lex? Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. No CDLI entry. nk. Math? Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. MB. Lex. OB. Lit. nk. nk. CBS 4502. Hilprecht 1906: 64, no. 33: Pl. 22; CDLI 230043. OB. Lex. CBS 3917. Langdon 1917: 39, no. 7, Pl. 8‑11; Landsberger et al. 1967: 5, S1; CDLI 260819. n.Bab. Lex? CBS annotated ʻaccording to Dr Peters from Tablet Hill, shelf 70, B.27ʼ. ʻBox 29ʼ. CBS annotated ʻTablet Hillʼ. CBS annotated ʻaccording to Dr Peters from tablet Hill, Shelf 72B 27 and 31ʼ. CBS annotated ʻTemple Library: shelf 66. Hilprecht (1906: 64, no. 33) notes that the tablet was from ʻNi. Vʼ and found in season II. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CBS annotated ʻTemple Library; no slip to indicate anythingʼ. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 55 Accession CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 3954. CBS 4507 Ni Ss I Join Date n.Bab. Type Sci. CBS 4506. 367 4563 CBS 6900 + 6902 B.E.F. 16:10:16. + 11005 + N 1904 + 6829 + 7535. No details. e.OB. Lit. Provenance by join. 368 4804 (+) CBS 19811. B.E.F. 23.11.17. No details. OB. Lex. Provenance by join. 369 6043 I B.E.F. 12:04:05. 370 6044 I CBS 6043. Temple Library (school). Temple Library. nk. lex? CDLI 264416. OB. Leg. CBS 4502. CDLI 264419. OB. Sch. CBS 6043. CBS 4502. OB. lex. CBS 6043. CBS 4502. CDLI 231444; DCCLT OB Nippur Ura 03. CDLI 264420. nk. Lex? CBS annotated ʻTemple Library (school). Results of ¿rst expedition (shelf 65)ʼ. CBS annotated ʻW[est] side of Temple Library (business school). Results of ¿rst expedition (shelf 65)ʼ. CBS annotated ʻSchool exercise from Temple Library, Results of 2nd expedition; shelf 65, box 20)ʼ. CBS annotated ʻTemple Library, results of 2nd expedition (shelf 47, Tablet Hill)ʼ. CBS annotated ʻTemple Library, results of 2nd expedition (shelf 47, Tablet Hill)ʼ. 371 6047 II CBS 6043. 372 6048 II 373 6049 II 374 6050a B.E.F. 12.04.05. CBS 6044. OB. Lex. II CBS 6043. Civil 1979: 88 L; Poebel 1914: no. 107, Pl. LIV; CDLI P228022. CDLI 264426. 375 6054 nk. Lex? 6061 II B.E.F. 31:10:05. n.Bab Lex. 377 6065 II B.E.F. 17:11:05. n.Bab Lex. 378 6110 I B.E.F. 16:11:09. From Temple Library (mound east of canal)ʼ. Temple Libr[ary]. Langdon 1917: 42, no. 54, Pl. 55; CDLI (Tablet Hill). 263856. Tablet Hill. Temple Library. Tablet Hill. CDLI 263885. 376 e.OB. Lex. 379 6429 IV CBS 2135. B.E.F. 16.03.15. No details. OB. Lex. 380 6889 3878. B.E.F. 22:11:16. No details. 381 382 383 6900 6902 6905 IV CBS (?) CBS CBS IV CBS (?) 4563. 4563. 3878. B.E.F. 23:11:16. CBS 4563. B.E.F. 23:11:16. No details. No details. (+) CBS 12745 + N4633. Accession CBS 4502. Provenance CBS 3917. Bibliography Lutz 1919: 65‑8, no. 116 and 129, no. 116; CDLI 260821. Langdon 1917a: 143‑9, Pls. 29‑32; Langdon 1919: 344, no. 2; Pl. LXXV; Chiera 1934: 5‑6, nos 69 and 70, Pls. 77, no. 69 and 78, no. 70; ETCSL 2006: 2.5.4.01; Peterson 2011b: 187, No. 166; CDLI 260877. Chiera 1929: 5 and 51, no. 95, and and 16; Landsberger 1959: 179, V32; CDLI P227954. CDLI 264415. Chiera 1929: 7 and 118, no. 236; Reiner 1974: 96, Z1; CDLI P229337. Comments Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. No CDLI entry. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. CBS 6889. 56 Ti m CLAYDEN 366 384 385 386 CBS 7070 7071 7802 387 388 389 7829 7836 7843 390 7853 391 Ni Ss Join ? CBS 2240. I CBS 2345. ? CBS 13625 + 13683 + N 3098. Accession B.E.F., 08:12:16. B.E.F., 03.12.07 B.E.F., 25:03:17. ? ? IV (?) B.E.F., 25.03.17 B.E.F., 25.03.17 B.E.F. 25:03:17. 8541 CBS 3868. CBS 3848. CBS 7853 + 19826 + Ni. 4092 + 4243 + 4262. IV CBS 7843. (?) II 392 8801 II B.E.F. 18:04:05. 393 8802 II B.E.F. 19:04:05. 394 8803 II CBS 2266. B.E.F., 03:03:05. 395 396 8803a 8804 ? B.E.F. 26:10:16, 397 9191 ? CBS 2266. ? CBS 12573 (+) N 4030. II 398 9192 II CBS 9191. 399 9196 II CBS 10995 + N 1889 + 4551. B.E.F. 03:03:09. 400 401 9197 9200 II CBS 1838 II CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 402 9201 I 403 9203 404 9204 X Provenance Bibliography Date Type Comments Provenance by join. No details. Chiera 1934a: 7 and 8, 108, Pl. 103; e.OB. Gragg 1969: 165, G; Peterson 2011b: 242, No. 217; ECTSL 2006: 4.80.2; CDLI P262810. Lit. Provenance join. Kramer 1976: 10 and 18 (Ni 4092), Lev. 84; ECTSL 2006: 5.1.3; CDLI P230446. OB. Lit. Prism. n.Bab. Sch. n.Bab. Lex. n.Bab. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. OB. Adm. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. nk. Tablet and envelope. e.OB. Lex. No details. No details. CBS 7843. CBS 8538. Lit. OB. I CBS 9196. CBS 9196. MB ? Adm. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Sch. No CDLI entry. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. I CBS 2307. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 57 e.OB. CBS 9196. Landsberger 1957: 88, S7 and 148, S8; CDLI P120867. Temple Library. East CDLI P263622. side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 8801. Langdon 1917: 39, no. 6, Pl. 6‑7; Landsberger et al. 1970: 3, S2; CDLI P263623. Temple Library. East side of Shatt en-Nil. ? No details. Poebel 1914: Pl. LXV, no. 133; Landsberger 1957: 84, J*; CDLI P263626. East side of ShattCDLI P264584. en-Nil, Tablet Hill. East side of ShattCDLI P264585. en-Nil, Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Poebel 1914: no. 143‑4, pls. LXXIIILXXIV; Chiera 1929: 7, Pls. 121‑2, no. 240; Civil 1969: 30, Hʼ and 175, K; CDLI P228066. CBS 9196. Tablet Hill (E[ast] of Zgoll 1997: 580; ETCSL 2006: 4.07.2; Shatt[-en-Nil])ʼ. CDLI P264592. CBS 9196. CDLI P264593. H.V.H. 02:02:09. Temple Library. CBS 9205 406 9232 407 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 9196. Provenance CBS 9196. II B.E.F. 17:03:09. CBS 9196. 9233 II CBS 9232. CBS 9196. 408 9237 II CBS 9248. No details. No details. 409 410 9238 9245 II I CBS 13112. CBS 9232. CBS 9232. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 411 412 413 9248 9800 9802 II CBS 9237. III CBS 2198. I CBS 2178. CBS 9232. 414 9804 CBS 9802. 415 416 417 418 419 9824 9834 9843 9844 9847 CBS 9802. CBS 9802. CBS 9802. CBS 9802. B.E.F. 03:03:09. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 420 421 9848 9849 I UM 29‑13‑189 + UM 29‑15‑35 + UM 29‑15‑74. II II II II II (+) CBS 12516 + 12744. II CBS 2147. II CBS 9196. No details. East side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 9196. B.E.F. 04:03:09. CBS 9848. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 422 423 424 9850 9851 9852 CBS 9848. CBS 9848. CBS 9848. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 425 426 9856 9857 II CBS 2241. I CBS 2241. I CBS 9867 + 9872 + 13379. I I CBS 9848. CBS 9848. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 427 9858 I CBS 9848. CBS 9196. 428 9859 I CBS 9848. CBS 9196. B.E.F. 02:03:09. Bibliography Radau 1909: 454‑5, pls. 17‑8 and XI-XII; Barton 1918: 67, no. 4; Behrens 1978: 8, a; CDLI P264596. Radau 1911: 66‑74, 85‑6, Text 2: Pls. 3‑4 and III; van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 15, H1 and LXXXIV; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P264622. Legrain 1922: 77‑8, No. 43: Pl. XVII; Cooper 1983: 68, J; ETCSL 2006: 2.1.5; CDLI P264623. CDLI P264627. Date e.OB. Type Comments Lit. CDLI incorrectly notes that the ECTSL edition is 1.2.1. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Roy Provenance by join. Mon. Leg. Lit. CDLI P264628. OB. Chiera 1934: 2 and 8, no. 28, Pl. 30; e.OB. Michalowski 1989: 29, I; CDLI P264635. Ferrara 1973: 39, P; Chiera 1934a: 6 and 8, no. 98, Pl. 96; ETCSL 2006: 1.5.1; CDLI P265118. CDLI P265138. CDLI P265147. CDLI P265156. CDLI P265157. Chiera 1929: 16; Veldhuis 1997: 292, Ni II-015; CDLI P228068. e.OB. Lit. nk. OB. OB. OB. e.OB. nk. nk. nk. nk. Lex. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 47, no. 77; CDLI P228069. e.OB. Lex. CDLI P230749 nk. Lex. ECTSL 2006: 5.5.4; CDLI P230024. Legrain 1922: 74‑7, No. 42: Pl. XVI; CDLI P265164. Poebel 1914: 138, Pls. LXIX and CXX; Landsberger et al. 1967: 66, B6; Civil 1971: 16, Z2; CDLI P228072. CDLI P228073. OB. e.OB. Lex. Lit. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Lex. Tablet and envelope. Tablet and envelope. 58 Ti m CLAYDEN 405 429 430 CBS 9860 9861 431 432 433 434 Ni Provenance CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9848. CBS 9848. CBS 9848. B.E.F., 12:03:09. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 435 436 9867 9868 II CBS 9852. II CBS 12741. CBS 9866. CBS 9866. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 437 9869 II CBS 9866. CBS 9196. 438 439 9870 9871 CBS 9866. CBS 9866. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 440 441 9872 9873 II CBS 2143. II CBS 11339 + N 4759 + 5517. II CBS 9852. II CBS 9866. CBS 9866. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 442 443 444 9874 9875 9876 II II II CBS 9866. CBS 9866. B.E.F. 13:03:09. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 445 9877 II CBS 9876. CBS 9196. 446 447 448 449 9878 9879 9886 9887 II CBS 2307. II II II CBS 11783. CBS 9876. CBS 9876. CBS 9876. CBS 9876. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 450 451 452 453 10051 10052 10053 10054 I I I I B.E.F. 07:04:09. CBS 10051. CBS 10051. CBS 10051. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. Bibliography Peterson 2011a: 267; CDLI P228075. Date Type e.OB. Lex. CDLI 265166. e.OB. Civil 1971: 65, H; CDLI P229615. OB. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 94, no. 192; Landsberger e.OB. 1959: 209 V3; CDLI P228076. Lit. Lex. Lex. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 94, no. 193; Landsberger OB. 1959: 211, V18; Alster 1997, i: 42, KKK; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; Peterson 2011b: 268, No. 246; CDLI P228951. Chiera 1934a: 2 and 8, no. 22, Pls. 29‑30; e.OB. Shaffer 1963: 46, O; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.1.4; Gadotti 2014: 135, N19; CDLI P265169. Lex. Civil 1971: 14 and 40, Z; CDLI P228077. e.OB. Lex. Chiera 1929: 16; Reiner 1974: 93, B; CDLI P228078. CDLI P228079. CDLI P228080. Chiera 1929: 3, Pl. 14, no. 13; Landsberger 1959: 180, V34, 197 V1 and 211 V21; CDLI P228081. Chiera 1914: 35‑6, no. 91 and 109, no. 91, Pl. 41; CDLI P265172. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. MB. e.OB. Lex. Lex. Lex. OB. Leg. e.OB. e.OB. OB. nk. Sch. Lex. e.OB. e.OB. OB. OB. Math. Math. Math. Math. CDLI P265174 CDLI 265181. Sjöberg 1972: 107, No. 1; ECTSL 2006: 5.4.12; CDLI P265182. CDLI P265325. CDLI P265326. CDLI P265327. CDLI P265328. Comments Lit. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 59 Accession CBS 9848. CBS 9848. 9862 9863 9864 9866 Ss Join I CBS 2304. I N 4121 + 5579 (+) UM 29‑13‑2 + 29‑16‑148 + N 3747 + 4151 (+) N 6004. I CBS 2185. I I II CBS 10055 455 456 10056 10060 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 10051. Provenance CBS 9196. II I CBS 10051. B.E.F. 08:04:09. 457 10061 458 10062 459 10063 II II II CBS 10060. CBS 10060. CBS 10060. CBS 9196. W[est] side of Tablet Hillʼ. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 460 10064 II CBS 10060. CBS 9196. 461 462 10065 10066 II CBS 3925. II CBS 10060. CBS 10060. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 463 10067 II CBS 10060. CBS 9196. 464 465 10068 10069 II II CBS 10060. CBS 10060. CBS 9196. CBS 9196. 466 10071 II CBS 10060. CBS 9196. 467 10072 II CBS 10060. CBS 9196. 468 10079 II B.E.F. 19:04:09. 469 470 10080 10081 II II CBS 10079. B.E.F. 14:04:09. 471 472 10082 10083 II II 473 10084 474 10085 475 476 Bibliography Date Type Comments Chiera 1929: 16; Landsberger et al. 1970: e.OB. Lex. 16, 54, V12; CDLI P231766. CDLI P265329. EDIIIb. Adm? CDLI P265333. MB. Acct? Brinkman (pers comm 1999) tentatively identi¿ed the tablet as an account. CDLI P231767. e.OB. Lex. CDLI P231768. e.OB. Lex. CDLI P265334. MB. Adm. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 41, no. 63; Veldhuis e.OB. Lex. 2004: 170, Ni U-02; CDLI P231769. Alster 1997, i: 144, Pl. 42; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P231608. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 31, no. 41; Landsberger 1959: 212 V31 and 230 V12; CDLI P231771. CDLI P265335. Michalowski 2011: 305‑24, no. 4, N10; Kleinerman 2011: xxi, no. 46; Peterson 2011b: 215, No. 190; CDLI P265336. Veldhuis 1997: 258‑9 and 327‑8, Ni U-28; CDLI P230183. CDLI P231712. OB. Lex. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. e.OB. Sch. Lit. MB. Lex. OB. Lex. CBS 10081. CBS 10081. Tablet Hill. Temple School. Tablet Hill. Scrap from Temple school. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. ETCSL 2006: 1.1.4; CDLI P265344. e.OB. Lit. CDLI P265345. CDLI P265346. e.OB. nk. nk. Sch. CDLI P265347. nk. OB. Radau 1913: 64‑5, Text 7, Pl. 12; CDLI P265348. Radau 1913: 65, Text 11: Pl. 18; CDLI P265349. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 98, no. 103; ETCSL 2006: 1.3.2; CDLI P265350. CDLI P265351. e.OB. e.OB. Math. Lex. No CDLI entry. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. Join courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. Radau (1913: 65, no. 11) states that it was from ʻTablet Hill.ʼ Lit. II UM 29‑13‑690. CBS 10081. Tablet Hill. II CBS 10081. Tablet Hill. 10086 CBS 10081. Tablet Hill. 10087 CBS 10081. Tablet Hill. e.OB. Sch. OB. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CDLI text date and type. Dr J. Peterson notes that the tablet is almost entirely blank so the date and type is unclear (pers comm, October 2014). 60 Ti m CLAYDEN 454 477 CBS 10180 478 10181 479 Accession BEF 14:10:04. Provenance Temple Library. Bibliography Civil 1969: 212, Fʼ; CDLI P265430. Date e.OB. CBS 10180. Temple Library. Hilprecht 1906: 65, no. 38: Pl. 38; CDLI P230163. Hilprecht 1906: 62, no. 25: Pl. 15; Neugebauer 1935: 24, no. 4; CDLI P230036. OB. 10201 III CBS 10207 + Ni. 10135. III 480 10202 III CBS 10180. CBS 10201. 481 10205 III CBS 10201. 482 10207 III CBS 10181. CBS 10201. CBS 10205. 483 484 10218 10502 III H.V.H. 21:10:04. HVH 07:11:04. Tablet Hill. Falkowitz 19834: 28; CDLI P265459. Poebel 1914: Pl. LXXIV, no. 145; Civil 1969: 175, G; CDLI P229548. OB. OB. 485 10803 III H.V.H. 19:04:05. Tablet Hill. OB. 486 10882 I B.E.F. 14:12:05. e.OB. Leg. 487 10883 I B.E.F. 11:12:05. From the w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. CBS 10882. e.OB. Leg. 10884 10885 x‑3‑4, 89. 490 10886 I I CBS 10883. CBS 10883. CBS 10882. CBS 10882. OB. OB. Leg. Lit. I CBS 10883. OB. Leg. 491 I CBS 10883. Taken from the kiln in Tablet Hill. [Taken from the kiln in Tablet Hill]. From the w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. From the w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. From the kiln in w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. Chiera 1929: 16; Landsberger 1959: 198; Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P227637. Poebel 1909: 146, no. 5, Pl. 2; CDLI P266075. Poebel 1909: 148, no. 30, Pl. 16; CDLI P266076. Stone 1976: 5, no. 46; CDLI P313233. Radau 1909: 436‑44 and 447, no. 3, pls. 4 and V; CDLI P266078. Poebel 1909: 151, no. 53, Pl. 33 and IV; CDLI P266079. Poebel 1909: 151, no. 52, Pl. 32; CDLI P266080. Chiera 1914: 109, no. 92, Pl. 42; CDLI P266081. Poebel 1909: 149‑150, no. 38, Pl. 21; CDLI P266082. Poebel 1909: 43‑4 and 148, no. 29, Pls. 16 and V; CDLI P266083. Type Comments Lex. Provenance by join. CBS 19786 is recorded as having been found in Season IV. Lex Provenance by join. Math. Lex Hilprecht (1906: 62, no. 25) notes that the Math. tablet was found in ʻNi.Vʼ. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CBS 19786 is recorded as having been found in Season IV. Lex. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CDLI date and type - Old Akk. Adm? Hilprecht (1906: 65, no. 38) notes that the tablet was from ‘Ni.V’. Sch. Round tablet. Lex. CBS 10502 is listed as unprovenanced and as ʻPresented to H.V. Hilprecht by Sultan for organising the Semitic section of the Imperial Ottoman Museum, Const[antinople]. Box 5. CBS 11067 and 11397 from Tablet Hill. Lex. Round tablet. OB. Leg. OB. Leg. OB. Leg. OB. Leg. CBS 11067 + 11397. H.V.H., 18.10.04. Temple Library, Tablet Hill. 10887 70‑4‑3, 89. 492 10888 28‑2‑10, 89. 493 10889 I CBS 10883. I CBS 10883. 494 I CBS 10883. 10890 Temple Library, Tablet Hill. Temple Library, CDLI P265448. Tablet Hill. OB. OB. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Tablet and envelope. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 61 Ss Join III CBS 10202 + 19786. 488 489 Ni CBS 10891 496 10892 I CBS 10883. 497 10893 I CBS 10883. I CBS 10883. Provenance From the kiln [from w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. From the kiln [from w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. From the w[est] slope of Tablet Hill. CBS 10893. II Ist Ni 13227. B.E.F. 12:12:05. CBS 10893. 498 10894 x‑2‑10, 89. 499 10900 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 10883. Bibliography Poebel 1909: 27‑9 and 148, no. 24, Pls. 12 and III; Roth 1979: 189; CDLI P266084. Poebel 1909: 152, no. 54, Pl. 34; CDLI P266085. Date OB. Type Leg. OB. Leg. CDLI P266086. OB. Chiera 1914: 54‑5, no. 16 and 105, no. 16, pl. 10; CDLI P266087. Cig et al. 1969; 27 and 57 (Ni 13227), Pl. 151; Klein 1976: 274, E1; ECTSL 2006: 2.4.2.15; CDLI P266093. Chiera 1919: 272, no. 27, pl. 84; Alster 1997, i: 42, BBB; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P229709. Brinkman 1976: 233, Q.2.115.34; Sassmannshausen 2001: 370‑1, no. 301; CDLI P266165. Clay 1906: 62, no. 18; Pl. 10; Torczyner 1913: 15‑6, no. 1; Brinkman 1976: 234, Q.2.115.56; CDLI P266166. Brinkman 1976: 29, V.2.10.1497; CDLI P266167. Radau 1908: 162, no. 28, Pl. 21; CDLI P266175. OB. MB. Adm. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Leg. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lit. OB. Lex. MB. Acct. MB. Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿ed the tablet as an account. MB. MB. Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿ed the tablet as an account. Let. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. Lit. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. MB. Lex 500 10972 II N 3877 + 3920 + 5820. B.E.F. 14:12:05. Tablet Hill, East side of Shatt-en-Nil. 501 10973 II CBS 10972. Tablet Hill, East side of Shatt-en-Nil. 502 10974 II As for CBS 10972. Tablet Hill, East side of Shatt-en-Nil. 503 10975 II 504 10983 I 505 10984 II 506 10985 I N 5324. 507 10986 I 508 10987 I 509 10988 I 510 10989 I As for CBS 10972. Tablet Hill, East side of Shatt-en-Nil. B.E.F. 15:12:05. East [side of Shatt en-Nil], (Tablet Hill). B.E.F. 18:12:05. East [side of Shatt Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 1, no. 1; Civil 1971: en-Nil], Tablet Hill. 94, A2; CDLI P227639. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Chiera 1916a: 168, no. 10, Pl. 47; Chiera 1919: 271, no. 16, Pl. 75; Peterson 2011a: 267 and 268; CDLI P227640. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Sjöberg 1974: 158, 161‑3 and 174‑5; Wasserman 2003: 197, No. 79; ETCSL 2006: 4.02.1; CDLI P266176. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Chiera 1914: 109, no. 101, Pl. 50; CDLI P230719. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Poebel 1914: no. 110, pl. LXII; Civil 1979: 87, J; ETCSL 2006: 2.5.5.1; CDLI P227644. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Poebel 1914: no. 104, Pl. XLIX; Civil 1979: 173, E; CDLI P230475. Comments Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CDLI dates as UR III, but Peterson dates to OB. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. 62 Ti m CLAYDEN 495 511 CBS 10990 512 10992 513 Ni 10993 Ss Join II CBS 19757 + 19815. I CBS 19759 + 19883 + N 5070. II N 2478 + 2482. Provenance CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. 514 10994 II CBS 10984. CBS 10984. 515 516 10995 10997 II CBS 9196. II CBS 11016. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. 517 518 10998 10999 II II CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. 519 520 11000 11001 521 11002 II CBS 2159. CBS 10984. I CBS 11050 + Ni. B.E.F. 19:12:05. 1141 + 2203 (+) N 6666. I CBS 11001. OB. Type Comments Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lex. OB. Lit. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. OB. Lex. CDLI dates as UR III, but Peterson dates to OB. Chiera 1919: 272, no. 31, Pl. 85; Peterson OB. 2011a: 270; CDLI P227643. nk. Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P266180. OB. Lex. CDLI dates as UR III, but Peterson dates to OB. No CDLI registration. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Poebel 1914: 102, Pls. XLVII - XLVII; Civil 1979: 87, A; CDLI P229723. OB. Lex. East side of Shatten-Nil. Tablet Hill. CBS 11002. CDLI P227645. OB. Lex. 522 11003 I CBS 11001. CDLI P266182. OB ? 523 524 525 11004 11005 11006 I I CBS 4563. I CBS 11001. CBS 11001. CBS 11001. CBS 11002. CBS 11002. East side of Shatten-Nil. Tablet Hill. Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P266183. OB. 526 11007 I CBS 11001. CBS 11006. 527 11008 I CBS 11001. CBS 11006. 528 529 11009 11010 I CBS 2259. I CBS 11001. CBS 11001. CBS 11006. CBS 11006. 530 11011 I CBS 11001. 531 11014 I B.E.F. 21:12:05. East side of Shatten-Nil. Tablet Hill. E[ast] side of Shatt-en-Nil. Tablet Hill. CBS 10984. CBS 10984. Bibliography Hilprecht 1906: 63, no. 29: Pls. 17‑9.; CDLI P230040. Chiera 1919: 272, no. 38, Pls. 88‑9; Peterson 2011a: 270; CDLI P227641. Myhrman 1911: 10, no. 7, Pls. 12‑3; Klein 1981: 182, C; ETCSL 2006: 2.4.2.01; Peterson 2011b: 151, No. 129; CDLI P266178. Chiera 1916a: 169 and 174, no. 23, Pl. 52; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227642. Date OB. Chiera 1934a: 4 and 8, no. 45, Pl. 53; van OB. Dijk 1983: Volume II, 14, V and LXXXIII; ECTSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P266186. Langdon 1917: 38, no. 4, Pls. 3‑4; Civil OB. 1971: 13, N; CDLI P227646. CDLI P266187. Ur III. Chiera 1916a: 167, no. 5, Pl. 42; Peterson OB. 2011a: 268; CDLI P227647. CDLI P266189. OB. Legrain 1922: 97‑9, No. 69: Pl. XXVII; Brinkman 1976: 282, U.2.25; CDLI P266192. MB. nk. Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Adm. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, November 2014. Sch. Round tablet. Lit. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Sch? Lex. Lex. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Roy Brinkman (pers comm 1999) tentatively Mon. dates the fragment as n.Bab. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 63 Accession CBS 10984. CBS 11015 533 11016 534 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 11014. Provenance CBS 11014 Bibliography CDLI P266193. Date Ur III ? OB. Type Sch. I CBS 10997. CBS 11014. CBS 11014 Chiera 1919: 272, no. 33, Pl. 86; CDLI P227648. 11018 I CBS 2175. CBS 11014. 535 536 11019 11020 I I Sachs 1947: 69‑70; CDLI P266196. CDLI P227649. n.Bab. OB. Math. Lex. 537 11026 I N 2996. Poebel 1914: no. 70, Pls. XXXI and CII; Lieberman 1982; CDLI P266202. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 104, no. 213; Reiner 1974: 93 H; CDLI P227650. e.OB. OB. Roy Mon. Lex. Prism. 538 11034 I 539 11050 I CBS 11001. 540 11053 541 11054 As for CBS 11026. W[est side] of Shat en-Nil B.E.F. 27:12:05. Tablet Hill, East side [of Shatt-enNil]ʼ. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CDLI P227651. OB ? Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Falkowitz 19834; 29; CDLI P266228. OB. Lex? OB. Lex. CBS 11053. Landsberger et al. 1970: 120, K; CDLI P227652. Peterson 2011a: 270; CDLI P266230. OB. Lex. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. CDLI dates as UR III and as administrative, but Peterson dates to OB and as a lexical text.. 542 11055 CBS 11053. CBS 11053. 543 11057 CBS 11053. 544 545 11059 11061 CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CDLI P266233. CDLI P266235. n.Bab OB. Sci. Sch. 546 11062 CBS 11076. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CDLI P266236. n.Bab Lit. 547 11064 CBS 11088. CBS 11053. W[est side] from [Tablet Hill]. Poebel 1914: Pl. XIV, no. 23; Langdon 1916: 180; Sladek 1974: 101, K; ETCSL 2006: 1.4.1; CDLI P266238. OB. Lit. 548 11065 II CBS 3925. B.E.F., 12.12.05 11066 II (+) UM 29‑15‑ 351. CBS 11053. OB. Lex. 11067 II CBS 10502 CBS 11053. W[est] side of Tablet Hillʼ. E[ast] side of Shatt Chiera 1919: 271, no. 19, Pl. 77‑8; [en-nil], Tablet Hill. Peterson 2011a: 267 and 268; CDLI P227653. CBS 11067. 549 550 N 4644. East side [of Shatt-en-Nil]. T[ablet] H[ill]. CBS 11014. CBS 11018. CBS 11014. East side [of Shatt-en-Nil]. T[ablet] H[ill]. B.E.F. 22:12:05. E[ast] side of canal, Tablet Hill. As for CBS 11026. Tablet Hill. Comments Lex. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Join courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. The provenance of this fragment is as noted here, but the join is with a fragment recorded as having been found at Mound V. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. The join is to an unprovenanced piece. 64 Ti m CLAYDEN 532 551 552 553 CBS 11068 11069 11070 554 Ni Accession CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. Provenance CBS 11067. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. 11071 II CBS 11053. CBS 11067. 555 556 557 11072 11073 11074 II CBS 2243. II CBS 2159. II CBS 12518. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CBS 11053. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. 558 559 560 11075 11076 11077 II CBS 3925. I CBS 11062. I CBS 11053. B.E.F. 29:12:05. CBS 11076. 561 562 11078 11079 II CBS 3878. II 563 11080 564 11081 II CBS 19816 + 19825 + 19832. II 565 566 11083 11087 567 568 11088 11089 Bibliography Chiera 1916: 87; Peterson 2011a: 261; CDLI P229027. CDLI P266242. Date Type OB. Lex. OB. Lex. Comments Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Legrain 1922: 107‑8, No. 84: Pl. XXXIII; n.Bab CDLI P266244. Roy Mon. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. CDLI P227656. n.Bab Lex. CBS 11076. CBS 11076. CBS 11067. CBS 11067. CDLI P266247. OB. Sch. CBS 11076. CBS 11067. OB. Lex. CBS 11076. CBS 11067. Alster 1997, i: 41, II; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P229707. CDLI P266248. OB? nk. II II CBS 11076. CBS 11076. CBS 11067. E[ast side of Shatt en-Nil]. nk. OB. nk. Lit. II CBS 11064. II CBS 11076. CBS 11076. CBS 11087. CBS 11087. Veldhuis 2000: ASJ 22, 239‑40; CDLI P227659. Ur III. Lex. 11097 a + b. 570 11141 II CBS 2142. CBS 11076. CBS 11087. I B.E.F. 08:01:06. Lex. 11142 11143 11144 I I I CBS 11141. CBS 11141. CBS 11141. MB. MB. MB. Acct. Acct. Acct. 574 11145 I CBS 11141. CBS 11141. Poebel 1914; no. 106, Pls. LII-LIII; Civil 2004: 166, A; CDLI P266302. CDLI P266303. CDLI P266304. Brinkman 1976: 267, U.2.24.21; Sassmannshausen 2001: 300‑1, no. 121; CDLI P266305. CDLI P266306. MB. 571 572 573 East side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 11141. CBS 11141. CBS 11141. MB. 575 11146 I CBS 11141. E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. CDLI P266307. MB. Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿es the text as an account. Acct. 569 Radau 1911: 86, Text 7: Pls. 11‑2; van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 16, C2 and LXXXVI; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P266252. No CDLI registration. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. No CDLI registration. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. Brockman Collection. Information courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 65 Ss Join II CBS 2159. II CBS 2259. II 577 CBS 11147 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 11141. Provenance CBS 11146. E[ast] side, Tablet Hill. CBS 11151. Bibliography Brinkman 1976: 239, Q.2.115.158; Sassmannshausen 2001: 249, no. 58; CDLI P266308. Radau 1913: 65, Text 9: Pls. 15‑6 and V-VI; CDLI P266312. Poebel 1909: 31‑2 and 145, no. 4, Pl. 2; CDLI P266313. Date MB. Type Comments Acct. Brinkman (pers comm 1999) identi¿es the text as an account. OB. Lit. e.OB. Leg. Viano 2012; CDLI P280051. CDLI P266317. CDLI P266328. MB. MB. MB. Lit. nk. nk. ECTSL 2006: 2.4.5.4; CDLI P266329. OB. Lit. I CBS 11141. 578 11151 22, 2‑10 ‑89. 11152 I CBS 11141. 579 580 581 11153 11156 11167 I I I CBS 11141. CBS 11141. B.E.F. 11:01:06. 582 11168 24, 2‑16, 89. I CBS 11167. CBS 11151. CBS 11152. E[ast side of Shatt en-Nil], Tablet Hill. (Tablet Hill). 583 11169 x, 3‑8, 89. 11170 2, 2‑11, 89. 11173 41, 2‑16, 89. I CBS 11167. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266330. OB. Lit. I CBS 11167. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266331. nk. nk. I CBS 11167. Tablet Hill. Poebel 1909: 29‑30 and 148, no. 28, Pl. 15; CDLI P266334. OB. Leg. I CBS 11167. Tablet Hill. OB. Lit. I CBS 11167. (Tablet Hill). OB. Lit. I CBS 11167. (Tablet Hill). Radau 1909: 445‑6, no. 1, pl. 1; CDLI P266336. Radau 1911: 80‑4, 86, Text 5: Pls. 9 and V; CDLI P266340. Poebel 1909: 153, no. 69a; Chiera 1914: 105, no. 23, Pl. 15; CDLI P266352. e.OB. Leg. 584 585 586 587 588 11175 27, 2‑16, 89. 11179 21, 2‑16, 89. 11191 12, 2‑18, 89. Radau (1913: 65) notes that the tablet was from Tablet Hill. Poebel (1909: 1) states that the tablet was from the ʻSouth west area of Mound IVʼ. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. CBS note by Hilprecht ʻNos 11168‑11202 accroding to Dr Petersʼ statement part of ¿rst yearʼs excavations. But he horribly mixed results of ¿rst and second years, for ..., some bear Dr harperʼs signature of ¿rst year (Nos. 11168, 11169, 70, 73, 75, 79, 91) the characteristic features of the second yearʼs campaign were a large number of tablets dated in the reigns of the kings of the Second Dyn of Ur. I saw ... a few of them as the result of ¿rst yearʼs excavations. Those bearing Harperʼs mark (I year) came from Tablet Hill E. side of Shattʼ. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 11168. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 11168. CBS 11168. Poebel (1909: 1) records that it was found in the ʻsouth west area of Mound IVʼ (= Mound V). CBS 11168. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 11168. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. The 1889 excavation register has no tablets listed for 18 February. CBS 11168. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. 66 Ti m CLAYDEN 576 589 590 591 CBS 11226 21, 2‑14, 89. 11228 31, 2– 14(?), [89]. 11237 1, 2‑14, 89. Ni Ss I Join Accession B.E.F. 13:01:06. Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography CDLI P266388. Date OB. I CBS 11226. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266390. OB. I CBS 11226. (Tablet Hill). Poebel 1909: 145, no. 2, Pl. 1; CDLI P266399. OB. CDLI P266400. MB? CDLI P266424. n.Bab. Type Comments Adm. The 1889 register lists 9 tablets found on 14 February - ʻNo. 34. [Mound] V. tablette en terre cuite 5 x4 Ni. 4; No. 35. [Mound] V. Huit tablettes une brisé, brique cruʼ. CBS 11168. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. Leg. CBS 11226. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Leg. Poebel (1909: 1) states that the tablet was found in the south west area of Mound IV (= Mound V). CBS 11226. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. nk. CBS 11226. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. nk. CBS 11226. 592 11238 I CBS 11226. 593 11261 12, 2– 13(?), 89. 11266 23, 2‑14, 89. I B.E.F. 15:01:06. Tablet Hill, First year. Tablet Hill. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266429. n.Bab. nk. 594 11270 x, 2‑26, 89 I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266433. Ach. nk. 596 11271 20, 2‑14, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266434. nk. nk. 597 11273 22, 2‑14, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266436. nk. nk. 598 11275 16, 2‑13, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266438. Ach. Leg. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 67 595 The 1889 register lists 9 tablets found on 14 February - ʻNo. 34. [Mound] V. tablette en terre cuite 5 x4 Ni. 4; No. 35. [Mound] V. Huit tablettes une brisé, brique cruʼ. CBS 11226. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists two tablets found on 26 February - ʻNo. 96, [Mound] V. Deux tablettes briséeʼ. CBS 11226. CBS ʻSurely (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists 9 tablets found on 14 February - ʻNo. 34. [Mound] V. tablette en terre cuite 5 x4 Ni. 4; No. 35. [Mound] V. Huit tablettes une brisé, brique cruʼ. CBS 11226. The 1889 register lists 9 tablets found on 14 February - ʻNo. 34. [Mound] V. tablette en terre cuite 5 x4 Ni. 4; No. 35. [Mound] V. Huit tablettes une brisé, brique cruʼ. CBS 11226. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists 16 tablets found on 13 February - ʻNo. 32. [Mound] V. Quinze tablettes, briques crues; No. 33. [Mound] V. Tablette en terre cuite, Ni. 4ʼ. CBS 11226. CBS 11277 15, 2‑13 ‑89. Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 11261. Provenance (Tablet Hill). Bibliography CDLI P266440. Date Ach. 600 11278 17, 2‑13, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). Clay 1908: 79, Text 70: Pl. 30; CDLI P266441. Ach. 601 11279 16, 2‑11, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266442. Ach. 602 11281 x, 3‑15, 89. 11282 x‑3‑16, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). nk. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). nk. 11285 18‑3‑16, [89]. 11287 x‑18‑3, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). nk. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). nk. 606 11299 56, 2‑26, 89. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). nk. 607 608 11300 11302 68, 3‑x, 89. 11304 83, 3‑5, 89. 11315 57‑3‑2, 89. 11316 38(?)‑2‑ 14, 89. I CBS 2266. I CBS 11261. CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). Landsberger 1959: 5, S16; CDLI P266465. n.Bab. I CBS 11261. (Tablet Hill). n.Bab. I B.E.F. 18:01:06. (Tablet Hill). Ellis 1979: 216, no. 1 and 218‑9; CDLI P266467. CDLI P266477. I CBS 11315. (Tablet Hill). CDLI P266478. MB. 11317 11318 65‑3‑5, 89. 11319 51‑2‑18, 89. I I CBS 11315. CBS 11315. No details. (Tablet Hill). e.OB. nk. I N 3337 + 4926. CBS 11315. (Tablet Hill). Peterson 2011; CDLI P266479. Neugebauer et al. 1984: 246, No. 3, 247, No. 3 and 251; CDLI P254478. Sjöberg 1993; CDLI P225766. 603 604 605 609 610 611 612 613 614 nk. OB. Type Comments nk. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists 16 tablets found on 13 February - ʻNo. 32. [Mound] V. Quinze tablettes, briques crues; No. 33. [Mound] V. Tablette en terre cuite, Ni. 4ʼ. CBS 11226. Leg. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). Clay (1908: 79) notes that the tablet may have been found at Mound V. CBS 11226. nk. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists no tablets found on 11 February. CBS 11226. nk. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. No CDLI registration. nk. No CDLI entry. CBS annotated ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. nk. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. No CDLI registration. nk. No CDLI entry. CBS annotated ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. nk. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). The 1889 register lists two tablets found in Mound V on 26 February, no. 96. CBS 11226. No CDLI registration. Provenance by join. Lex. CBS ʻSurelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. Pray CBS ʻPositively (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Inc. Hill). CBS 11226. nk. CBS ʻPositively (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. Adm. CBS ʻPositively (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lit. nk. CBS ʻPositivelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. Sch. CBS ʻPositivelyʼ (i.e. Ist Expedition, Tablet Hill). CBS 11226. 68 Ti m CLAYDEN 599 615 CBS 11321 616 11322 617 618 Ss Join I CBS 11329 + N 3325 + 3328. Provenance (Tablet Hill). Bibliography CDLI P266481. Date OB. I CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). OB. 11323 I CBS 12715. CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). OB. Lex. CBS 11321. 11324 44‑2‑ 1[6?], 89. 11325 I CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 75, no. 141; Veldhuis 1997: 301, Ni II-110; CDLI P229187. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 98, no. 202; Landsberger 1959: 177, V2 and 230, V7; CDLI P229046. Klein et al. 2007; CDLI P230716. Type Comments Adm. CBS ʻSurely from Tablet Hill. Text date, type and joins courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. CBS 11321. OB. Sch. CBS 11321. I CBS 11348 + 11362 + 11367 + 11388 + N 3357. CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). Lit. CBS 11321. Provenance by join. 620 11326 50‑2‑19, 89. I CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). Lit. Radau (1913: 64, no. 5) notes that the tablet was from ʻTablet Hill.ʼ 621 622 623 I CBS 2168. I I CBS 11321. CBS 11321. CBS 11321. CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). (Tablet Hill). (Tablet Hill). 624 11327 11328 11329 5‑2‑13, 89. 11330 II CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). 625 626 627 11331 11332 11333 I I I CBS 11321. CBS 11321. CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). (Tablet Hill). (Tablet Hill). 628 11334 I CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). 629 11335 I CBS 11321. (Tablet Hill). 630 I CBS 11321. Tablet Hill. 631 11337 x‑3‑x, 89. 11338 I CBS 11321. Tablet Hill. 632 633 11339 11340 I CBS 9871. I CBS 11402 + UM 29‑16‑752. CBS 11321. B.E.F. 22:01:06. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Radau 1911: 44‑63 and 85, Text 1: Pls. OB. 1‑2 and I-II; Myrhman 1911: 11, no. 9, Pls. 16‑7; Sjoberg 1976: 411, A; ECTSL 2006: 2.4.2.20; 2.4.4.4; and 4.27.04; Peterson 2011b: 302‑3, No. 272; CDLI P266482. Myrhman 1911: 11, no. 10, Pls. 18‑9 and OB. XLII; Radau 1913: 64, Text 5: Pl. 9; CDLI P266483. Black 1987 42. CDLI P266486. OB. Lex. Radau 1913: 64, Text 6: Pls. 10‑1; Radau 1909: 456, 21‑2; CDLI P266487. Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P266488. CDLI P266489. CDLI P227663. OB. Lit. OB. Ur III. NB. Chiera 1916a: 172, no. 62, Pl. 65; Black 1987: 73; CDLI P266490. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 91, No. 189; Landsberger 1959: 210, V15; Gordon 1960: 126; Alster 1997, i: Pls. 42‑3; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P229077. Chiera 1916a: 169, no. 22, Pl. 51; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227664. Poebel 1914: no. 134, Pl. LXVI; Landsberger 1957: 84, K*; CDLI P266492. Ur III. OB. Sch. Adm. Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Lex. OB. Lex. n.Bab. Lex. OB. Lex Math. Hilprecht 1906: 60‑1, no. 20: Pls. 10‑1; Neugebauer 1935: 12, no.s 21‑3 and 54, no. 118; CDLI P230019. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CDLI dates as UR III, but Peterson dates to OB. CDLI incorrectly states Landsberger 1957; 84, N. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 69 Accession B.E.F. 19:01:06. 619 Ni CBS 11341 635 11342 636 637 638 11343 11344 37‑2‑14, 89. 11345 639 11346 640 641 642 11347 11348 6–2–16, 89. 11349 643 Accession CBS 11340. Provenance Tablet Hill. OB. Type Roy Mon. Lex. I CBS 12714 (+) CBS 12514. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. I I CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Ur III. OB. Lex. Lit. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Ur III. Lit. I CBS 13961 + 15207 + HS 1472 + Ni 4174. I CBS 11317. I CBS 11325. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. OB. Lit. CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Lit. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1934: 3, Pl. 32, no. 30; Black 1987 OB. 53, 73; CDLI P266500. Chiera 1934a: 3 and 8, no. 26, Pl. 33; OB. Cavigneaux et al. 1993: 101, Nj; CDLI P266501. 11350 I CBS 11340. 644 645 11351 11352 I I CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266502. CDLI P266503. OB. OB. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. e.OB. 11354 I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. OB. Lex. 648 11355 I CBS 11340. (Tablet Hill). OB. Lex. 649 11356 31, 2‑16, 89. 11357 52, x‑x, 89. 11358 39, 2‑16, 89. I N 4187. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Alster 1971; ECTSL 2006: 2.4.2.14; Peterson 2011b: 171‑2, No. 149; CDLI P266504. Chiera 1919: 270, No. 8, Pl. 72; Peterson 2011a: 267; CDLI P227667. Chiera 1916a: 169, no. 21, Pl. 50; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227668. ECTSL 2006: 5.3.6; CDLI P266505. Math. Leg. CDLI lists this with no joins. ECTSL 2006: 2.5.7.1 lists it as joined to CBS 11348 + 11362 + 11367. This would appear to be incorrect and should be listed as joined to CBS 11325 no 11352. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson. Lit. 646 11353 647 OB. Lit. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266506. OB. Sch. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266507. Ur III. Adm. 650 651 Ni Ss I Join Bibliography Myrhman 1911: 11, no. 11, Pls. 20‑1, XLIII-XLIV; CDLI P266494. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 95, no. 194; Landsberger 1959: 212, V28; Veldhuis 1997: 291, Ni II-002; CDLI P227665. CDLI P227666. Radau 1909: 450, no. 15, pls. 18‑9; Zimmern 191718: 111; CDLI P266495. Poebel 1914: no. 9, Pl. VI; Berlin 1979: 33, K; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.2.4; CDLI P266496. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 100, no. 108; Kramer 1976: 10 and 18 (Ni. 4174), Pl. 88; ETCSL 2006: 1.7.8; CDLI P268959. Date Ur III. lit. Comments CDLI lists ECTSL 2006 1.8.1.02 as an edition of the text. This is not correct. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CDLI dates as UR III, but Peterson dates to OB. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. 70 Ti m CLAYDEN 634 652 CBS 11359 Ss I 653 654 11360 11361 I I 655 656 Join Provenance Tablet Hill. CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 11362 11363 31, 2‑14, 89 and 39, 2‑16, 89. 11364 11365 I CBS 11325. CBS 11340. I CBS 12672 + CBS 11340. 12701 + N 3317 + 3382 + 3525 + 6891. I CBS 11340. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 659 11366 26, 2‑16, 89. I CBS 11400. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. 660 661 11367 3–2–x, 89. 11368 I CBS 11325. I CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 662 11369 I CBS 11340. 663 664 11370 11371 665 11372 I I CBS 11419 + N 3361 + 3392 + 6471a + 7668 + 7716. I 666 11373 667 Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography Myrhman 1911: 11, no. 8, Pls. 14‑5; CDLI P266508. Peterson 2011a: 261; CDLI P266509. CDLI P266510. Date OB. Type Lit. OB. OB. Sch. Lex. Radau 1911: 87, Text 12: Pls. 15 and VI; Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 104, no. 124; ETCSL 2006: 4.13.06; Peterson 2011b: 317‑31, No. 283; CDLI P266512. CDLI P266513. CDLI P266514. OB. Lit. Ur III. OB. Adm. Lex? Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Pray Inc. Poebel 1914: no. 76, Pl. XXXVI; Peterson OB. 2009b: 65; Peterson 2013: 1; CDLI P266515. Comments Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. e.OB. Lex. Tablet Hill. Hilprecht 1906: 61, no. 21: Pl. 10; CDLI P230021. CDLI P266517. OB. nk. CBS 11340. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P227669. CDLI P266518. nk. OB. nk. Lit. CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Lex. Round tablet. I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Falkowitz 19834: 29; Alster 1997, i: 304, OB. Pl. 109; ECTSL 2006: 6.2.1; CDLI P227670. P266519. Ur III. Sch. 11374 I CBS 11340. Tablet Hill. Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P266520. OB. Lex. 668 669 11375 11376 I I CBS 11340. B.E.F. 23:01:06. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266521. CDLI P266522. Ur III. Ur III. Sch? Sch. 670 11377 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266523. Ur III. Sch. 671 11378 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266524. Ur III. Sch. 672 11379 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266525. n.Bab Sch. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Round tablet. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Round tablet. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date and type and joins courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 71 Accession CBS 11340. 657 658 Ni CBS 11380 674 11381 675 Ni Ss I Join Accession CBS 11376. Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography CDLI P266526 Date Ur III. Type Comments Sch. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Sch. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Sch. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Sch. Text date and type courtsey of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. nk. This is a cache of small fragments so the tablet date and type is unclear. Information courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lit. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266527. Ur III. 11382 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266528. Ur III. 676 11383 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266529. OB? 677 11384 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266530. Ur III. 678 11385 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266531. nk. 679 11386 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266532. OB. 680 11387 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. Langdon 1917: 43, no. 55, Pls. 56‑7; Landsberger 1951: pls. 7‑8; Civil 1979: 21, De; CDLI P227671. OB. 681 682 11388 11389 I CBS 11325. I CBS 11393. CBS 11376. CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. OB. Lit. 683 11390 I CBS 19818. CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. OB. Lex. 684 11391 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. OB. Lit. 685 11392 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. OB. Lex. 686 11393 I CBS 11389. CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. Radau 1913: 60‑2 and 63, Text 1: Pls. 1‑2; CDLI P 266534 and 266536. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 6, no. 4; Civil 1969: 191 V; CDLI P227672. Radau 1909: 453‑4, Pls 7 and IV; Reisman 1973: 185, F; ETCSL 2006: 2.5.3.1; CDLI P266535. Landsberger 1959: 209, V1; Landsberger et al. 1967; 66; CDLI P227673. Radau 1913: 60‑2 and 63, Text 1: Pls. 1‑2; CDLI P266536. OB. Lit. 687 688 11394 11395 I CBS 2241. I CBS 11376. CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Civil 1971: 95, E2; CDLI P227674. OB. Lex. 689 11396 I CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. CDLI P227675. OB. Lex. 690 691 11397 11398 I CBS 10502. I UM 29‑15‑257. CBS 11376. CBS 11376. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Lex. 692 11399 I B.E.F. 25:01:06. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1916a: 168, no. 9, Pl. 46; Chiera OB. 1919: 271, no. 17, Pl. 76; Peterson 2011a: 267 and 268; CDLI P227676. CDLI P266538. OB. nk. Text date, type and join courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. The text may be a model contract and is dated to the OB. Information courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. 72 Ti m CLAYDEN 673 CBS 11400 11401 Ni Ss Join I CBS 11366. I CBS 2193. Accession CBS 11399. CBS 11399. 695 696 11402 11404 I CBS 11340. I CBS 2332. CBS 11399. CBS 11399. 697 11415 I CBS 11399. Provenance Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. W[est] side of Tablet Hill. CBS 11401. East side of canal, Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography 698 699 11416 11417 I I CBS 11399. CBS 11399. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 700 701 11419 11499 I CBS 11371. II CBS 11399. B.E.F. 03:02:06. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill? 702 11556 II B.E.F. 09:02:06. East side of canal, Tablet Hill. 703 11558 II B.E.F. 09:02:06. 704 I CBS 11558. 705 11560 2, 2‑29, 89. 11561 II CBS 11558. 706 11562 CBS 11558. Tablet Hill. CDLI P266704. OB. 707 11563 II Case to CBS 11660. II CBS 11558. Tablet Hill. OB. 708 11564 II CBS 11558. Tablet Hill. 709 11565 II CBS 11558. Tablet Hill. 710 11596 II Poebel 1909: 153, no. 63, Pl. 39; CDLI P266705. Chiera 1914: 104, no. 9; Pl. 6; CDLI P266706. Poebel 1909: 15‑6 and 150, no. 39, Pl. 22; CDLI P266707. Poebel 1909: 147, no. 20, Pl. 10; CDLI P266738. 711 11601 II B.E.F. 12:02:06. Tablet Hill. 712 11640 I CBS 11601. East side of canal. Chiera 1919: 273, no. 40, Pl. 89; CDLI P227679. CDLI P266552. CDLI P266553. CDLI P266560. Poebel 1909: 145, no. 1, Pl. 1; CDLI P266641. Myrhman 1911: 10, no. 3, Pls. 5 and XXXIX; Civil 1976: 86, B; ECTSL 2006: 5.5.5; CDLI P266698. Probably Tablet Hill. Poebel 1909: 149, no. 34, Pls. 18 and IX; CDLI P266700. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1914: 105, no. 21; Pl. 14; Poebel 1909: 153, no. 69b; CDLI P266702. Tablet Hill. Poebel 1909: 152, no. 58, Pl. 36; CDLI P266703. Robson 2000: 26‑7, no. 9; CDLI P266742. Poebel 1909: 146, no. 9, Pl. 4; CDLI P266781. Date Type OB. Lex. OB. Lex. nk. n.Bab nk. nk. OB. Leg. OB. Lit. OB. Leg. OB. OB. OB. OB. OB. OB? e.OB. Comments Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. South west area of Mound IV (i.e. Mound V, Poebel 1909: 1). Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. South west area of Mound IV (i.e. Mound V, Poebel 1909: 1). Tablet and envelope. Leg. Text datae and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. nk. Poebel (1909: 1) states that the tablet was found in the south west area of Mound IV (i.e. Mound V)ʼ. Leg. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. Leg. CBS 11561. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Leg. CBS 11561. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Leg. CBS 11561. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Leg. Poebel (1909: 1) states that the tablet was found in the south west area of Mound IV (i.e. Mound V). However, CBS records that the provenance is uncertain. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Math. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Leg. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 73 693 694 CBS 11660 11715 Ni Ss Join Accession II Case = CBS 11562. II B.E.F. 16:02:06. 715 11783 II CBS 9887. B.E.F. 20:02:06. 716 11902 II B.E.F. 23:02:06. 717 12486 II B.E.F. 13:03:06. 718 12488 II B.E.F. 03:04:06. 719 12502 IV Provenance Bibliography CDLI P266801. Poebel 1909: 147, no. 19, Pl. 9; CDLI P266855. Date OB. Type Hilprecht 1906: 61, no. 22: Pl. 12; Neugebauer 1935: 10, no. 7 and 51, no. 107; CDLI P230022. e.OB. East side of Shatt en-Nil. East side of Shatt en-Nil. Tablet Hill. Veldhuis 1997: 288, Ni P-04; CDLI P230167. Chiera 1919: 277; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P230514. Civil 1979: 22, Ev; CDLI P227682. OB. Adm. i.e. Mound V, Poebel (1909: 1) states that the tablet was from the South west area of Mound IV. Provenance by join. CBS annotated ‘Peters, Box 28’. Lex. Hilprecht (1906: 61, no. 21) notes that the Math. tablet was found in ʻNi.Vʼ on Season IV. But CBS does not say with clarity which is correct and notes that the tablet came from Box 28. Lex. Prism. OB. Lex. e.OB. Lex. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. ETCSL 2006: 2.4.2.05. CDLI P267154. nk. nk. 720 12503 721 12509 II CBS 3930. II Mrs H.V. H.15:11:09. CBS 12502. CBS 12503. 722 12510 II CBS 12503. Tablet Hill. CDLI P267155. n.Bab Sch. 723 12511 II B.E.F. 16:11:09. Tablet Hill. e.OB. Lex. II II CBS 12521(?) II CBS 11342. II CBS 12511. CBS 12511. CBS 12511. CBS 12511. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 76, no. 144; Veldhuis 1997: 306, Ni II-153; CDLI P227683. ETCSL 2006: 2.2.2; CDLI P267156. CDLI P227684. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lex. Chiera 1929: 16; Civil 1969: 32, Uʼʼ; Veldhuis 1997: 292, Ni II-018; CDLI P227685. e.OB. Lex. CDLI P267158. e.OB. Lex. 724 12512 725 12513 726 12514 727 12515 Comments 728 729 12516 12517 II CBS 9847. II CBS 12511. CBS 12511. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 730 731 12518 12519 II CBS 11074. CBS 12511. II BM 22695 + N CBS 12511. 3166 + 3220 + UM 29‑15‑356, Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 732 12520 CBS 12511. Tablet Hill. 733 734 12521 12522 II CBS 12682 + 12720 + N 5068. II CBS 12513. II CBS 12511. CBS 12511. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Poebel 1914: no. 19, Pls. X and XCIII; OB. Langdon 1923: 1‑10; Chiera 1934a: 1 and 8, no. 5, Pl. 11; Witzel 1933: 28; ECTSL 1.8.2.2; CDLI P278220. Chiera 1916: 87; Peterson 2011a: 262; e.OB. CDLI P227687. CDLI P267162. e.OB. Lit Lex. Lit. Prism. No CDLI registration. Surface is not preserved so dating and typing is impossible. Information courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. 74 Ti m CLAYDEN 713 714 735 CBS 12523 736 12524 737 12527 738 739 740 741 12569 12573 12574 12578 742 Ni Ss II Join Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography Poebel 1914: no. 122, Pl. LIX; Civil 1979: 26, Ic; CDLI P2229474. Chiera 1919: 277; Peterson 2011a: 269; CDLI P267163. Ungnad 1915: 47, no. 27: Pl. XIX; Stoll 1986: 16‑7, no. 27; CDLI P267166. CDLI P267207. Date OB. Type Lex. II CBS 12511. Tablet Hill. I B.E.F. 20:11:09. Tablet Hill. III III CBS 8804. III III B.E.F. 13:03:06. CBS 12569. CBS 12569. B.E.F. 15:03:06. 12602 IV Mrs Hilprecht, 29:03:06. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. East side of Shatt en-Nil. Tablet Hill. East side of canal. 743 12638 B.E.F., 02:04:06. Nil. 744 12643 II CBS 12684 + 12685 + 12686+ 12702 + 12752. II B.E.F., 02:04:06. 745 12644 746 12645 II CBS 2136. II CBS 9868. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. Temple Library or school. East side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. 747 12646 II CBS 12643. 748 12647 II 749 12649 750 Comments OB. Lex. OB. Let. Ur III. Adm. CDLI P267212. Leichty 1990; CDLI P267216. n.Bab. n.Bab. nk. Sci. Radau 1909: 452, no. 22, pl. 28; Veldhuis 2004: 123, Ni2‑01, Pls. 13‑4; ETCSL 2006: 4.14.3; CDLI P267240. Chiera 1934a: 4 and 8, no. 50, Pl. 58; Sladek 1974: 100, A; Kramer 1951: 1; ETCSL 2006: 1.4.1; CDLI P267276. CDLI P267281. OB. Lit. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. OB. Lit. Provenance by join. OB. Lex. CBS ʻBox 28ʼ. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CDLI P267283. OB. Lex. CBS 12643. CDLI P267284 OB. nk. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. CDLI P267285. OB. Sch. II CBS 12643. OB. Lit. 12650 CBS 986 II CBS 12643. Temple Library. East CDLI P267286. side of Shatt en-Nil. CBS 12643. CDLI P267287. OB. Sch. 751 12655 II CBS 12643. Temple Library. OB. Lex. 752 12656 II B.E.F., 03:04:06. Temple School. Veldhuis 1997: 319, Ni II-274; CDLI P230057. CDLI P267290. OB. Sch. 753 12657 II CBS 12656. CBS 12656. Nil. OB. Sch. 754 12658 II CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CDLI P267291. OB. Sch. 755 12659 II CBS 12656. Temple Library. Chiera 1916a: 174; Peterson 2011a: 268; CDLI P227690. OB. Lex. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. No CDLI registration. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 75 Accession CBS 12511. CBS 12660 757 12661 758 Ni Ss II Join Accession CBS 12656. Provenance CBS 12659. Bibliography CDLI P267292. Date OB. II CBS 12656. CBS 12659. CDLI P267293. OB. 12662 II CBS 12656. 12663 12664 II II CBS 12656. CBS 12656. Peterson 2011b: 255‑6, No. 232; CDLI P267294. CDLI P267295. CDLI P267296. OB. 759 760 Temple Library or School. CBS 12662. Temple Library. Ur III. OB. 761 12665 II CBS 12656. CBS 12664. CDLI P267297. OB. 762 12666 II CBS 12656. CBS 12664. OB. 763 12667 II CBS 12656. CBS 12664. 764 12668 II CBS 12656. 765 12669 II N 4649 (+) CBS 12681 + 12711. CBS 12656. Temple Library or School. Temple Library. Chiera 1929: 16; Veldhuis 1997: 293, Ni II-019; ECTSL 2006: 6.2.1; Peterson 2009a; CDLI P227691. Chiera 1916: 82, no. 28: Pl. 16; Peterson 2011a: 261; CDLI P228980. CDLI P267298. 766 12670 II CBS 12656. CBS 12669. Chiera 1919: 271, no. 18, Pl. LXXVII; Civil 1971: 65, I1 and 83, I1; Peterson 2011a: 267 and 268; CDLI P227692. Peterson 2011b: 37‑8, No. 21; CDLI P267299. 767 768 12672 12673 II CBS 11363. II CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12669. CBS 12669. 769 12674 II CBS 12656. 770 12675 II 771 12676 772 Type Comments Lit. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lit. CBS 12643. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Adm. CBS 12643. Sch CBS 12643. Tablet is minimally preserved. Lex? Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Lex. Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. CBS 12643. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. OB. Lex. CBS 12643. No CDLI registration. OB. Sch. OB. Lex. CBS 12643. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. OB. Lit. CBS 12643. CDLI P227694. OB? nk. CBS 12669. CDLI P267302. OB. CBS 12656. CBS 12669. CDLI P267303. OB. II CBS 12656. Temple School. CDLI P267304. OB. 12677 II CBS 12656. CBS 12669. CDLI P267305. OB. 773 12678 II CBS 12656. CBS 12669. CDLI P267306. OB. 774 12679 II CBS 12656. CBS 12669. CDLI P267307. OB? 775 12680 II CBS 12656. CBS 12669. Chiera 1919: 277; Peterson 2011a: 270; CDLI P227695. OB. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lit. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lit. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Lex ? Dr J. Peterson October 2014. nk. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Sch CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Lex? Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Math CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Adm. Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. CBS 12643. 76 Ti m CLAYDEN 756 776 CBS 12681 777 778 779 780 781 782 12682 12683 12684 12685 12686 12688 Ni Ss Join II CBS 12669. Accession CBS 12656. II II II II II II CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12656. CBS 12520. CBS 12638. CBS 12638. CBS 12638. Provenance Temple School or Library. CBS 12681. As for CBS 12681. Temple Library. CBS 12684. Temple School. II CBS 2155. II 785 12694 II CBS 12663. 786 787 788 12701 12702 12704 II CBS 11363. II CBS 12638. II B.E.F., 26:11:06. CBS 12701. CBS 12701. No details. No details. Temple Library. 789 12705 II CBS 12701. CBS 12704. 790 12706 1 CBS 12701. CBS 12704. 791 12707 II CBS 12701. CBS 12704. 792 12708 II CBS 12701. CBS 12704. 793 794 795 796 797 12711 12714 12715 12720 12735 II II II II II CBS 12701. CBS 12701. CBS 12701. B.E.F. 27:11:06. B.E.F., 11:11:09. No details. No details. No details. No details. Tablet Hill. 798 12736 CBS 12735. CBS 12735. CBS 12669. CBS 11342. CBS 11323. CBS 12520. CBS 12736 (+?) CBS 3930 II CBS 17735 (+) 3930. Date Type Comments CBS 12643. CDLI P267309. OB. CDLI P267314. OB. CBS 12656. B.E.F., 05:04:06. No details. Temple Library. East Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 51, no. 97; LandsOB. of Shatt-en-Nil. berger 1959: 178 V8; Falkowitz 19834: 29; CDLI P227696. As for CBS 12693. As for CBS 12693. Poebel 1914: no. 68, pl. XXX; Frayne OB. 1990: 66‑8, E4.1.6.2; Frayne 1997; 313, E32.1.4.6; CDLI P227070. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 40, no. 57; Landsberger 1960: 82, V 48; CDLI P227697. Chiera 1929: 16; Veldhuis 1997: 301, Ni II-105; CDLI P227698. Chiera 1929: 16; Veldhuis 1997: 301, Ni II-103; CDLI P227699. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 88, no. 180; Veldhuis 1997: 300, Ni II-102; CDLI P227700. Landsberger et al. 1967: 66, B8; NemetNejat et al.: 1994: 82, note 12; Poebel 1914: Pl. LXVIII, no. 137; CDLI P229724. Legrain 1922: 55‑60, No. 23: Pl. IX. CBS 12643. Adm. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. CBS 12643. CBS ‘Box 28’. Provenance by join. Sch. CBS 12643. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 12643. Lex. CBS 12643. Roy Frayne (1990: 66, E4.1.6.2) states that it Mon. was found in Expedition III in ʻa later structure on the south-east side of the ziqquratʼ. This is not compatible with the CBS catalogue entry. Provenance by join. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. Lex. OB. Sch. OB. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. No CDLI registration. Prism. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 77 783 12690 784 12693 Bibliography CBS 12737 Ni Ss I Join Accession B.E.F., 05:11:07. 800 801 802 12738 12739 12740 I CBS 2168. I I CBS 12737. CBS 12737. CBS 12737. 803 12741 II CBS 9868. B.E.F., 05:11:09. 804 12742 II 805 12743 806 807 808 Provenance Bibliography Place of discovery Peterson 2009a; CDLI P267348. unknown, probably Temple Library east of Shatt en-Nilʼ. CBS 12737. CBS 12737. CDLI P227709. CBS 12737. CDLI P267350. Date e.OB. Type Lit. e.OB. OB. Lex. Lex Sch. CBS 12741. Temple Library. East side of Shatt[-enNil]. CBS 12741. CDLI P227710. OB. Lit. II CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CDLI P267352. OB. Lex Sch. 12744 12745 12746 II CBS 9847. II (+) CBS 6050a. II CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CDLI P267354. e.OB. Sch Lex. 809 810 12747 12748 II II CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. OB. Lex. 811 12749 II CBS 12741. CBS 12741. Veldhuis 1997: 306, Ni II-150; CDLI P230523. CDLI P230759 OB. Lit. 812 813 12750 12751 II II CBS 12751a. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CDLI P267355. East side of Poebel 1914: no. 103, Pl. XLVII; Civil Shatt[en-Nil]. Tablet 1979: 88, Q; CDLI P227712. Hill. OB. OB. Math. Lex. 814 12751a 815 12752 816 12753 II II CBS 12638. II CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. CBS 12751. CBS 12751. OB. 817 12754 II CBS 12741. CBS 12751. OB. Lex Sch. Lex. 818 819 12755 12756 II II N 5301. CBS 12741. CBS 12741. e.OB. OB. Lex. Lex. 820 12757 II CBS 12741. OB. Lit. 821 12787 II B.E.F., 11:11:09. e.OB. Lit. CDLI P267357. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 59, no. 119; Veldhuis 1997: 291, Ni II-004; CDLI P227714. CBS 12751. CDLI P227715. East side of Shat[en- Peterson 2011a: 264; CDLI P267358. Nil]. CBS 12756. Sladek 1974: 101, G, Figure II; ECTSL 2006: 1.4.1; CDLI P267359. Tablet Hill Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 105, no. 127; CDLI P267389. Comments Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Provenance by join. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson, October 2014. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. 78 Ti m CLAYDEN 799 822 823 CBS 12789 13103 Ni Ss I II 824 13106 IV 825 13107 826 Join Provenance Tablet Hill Tablet Hill. CBS 13103. II CBS 2203. Mrs Hilprecht, 30:12:08. B.E.F., 09:11:09. 13110 II CBS 13106. 827 828 13112 13113 II CBS 9245. II CBS 13106. CBS 13106. Temple archives west side of Shat en-Nil. Tablet Hill. E[ast] side of Shatt [en-Nil]. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 829 13114 II N 3351. CBS 13106. Tablet Hill. 830 831 13115 13116 II II CBS 15360 CBS 13106. CBS 13106. Tablet Hill. E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. 832 833 13121 13122 II N 3137. II CBS 13106. CBS 13106. CBS 13116. CBS 13116. 834 13246 IV UM 29‑13‑237. Tablet Hill. 835 13256 II Mrs Hilprecht, 01:11:09. B.E.F., 02:11:09. CBS 13246. 836 13291 837 13293 II II CBS 13484. B.E.F., 03:11:09. CBS 13291. CBS 13246. CBS 13246. 838 13297 IV CBS 13291. Tablet Hill. 839 13298 IV CBS 15130 + N 960 + 2879. CBS 13297. CBS 13297. 840 13299 IV CBS 13297. CS 13297. Bibliography Date CDLI P227716. e.OB. Radau 1911: 87, no. 11; Pls. 14 and V; van e.OB. Dijk 1983: Volume II, 14, C1 and LXXXIII; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P268188. Radau 1909: 451, no. 19, pl. 23; ECTSL e.OB. 2006: 5.1.3; CDLI P268191. Type Lex. Lit. Comments Lit. Provenace by join. Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 109, no. 135; Cooper e.OB. 1983: 68, K; Falkenstein 1965: 44, no. AA; ETCSL 2006: 2.1.5; CDLI P268196. Lit. Chiera 1914: 109, no. 93, Pl. XLIII; CDLI P268199. van Dijk 1983: Volume II, 18, I4; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.2; CDLI P268200. CDLI P268201. Radau 1909: 449, no. 11, pls. 13‑4; Shaffer 1963: 47, DD; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.1.4; Gadotti 2014: 135, N22; CDLI P268202. e.OB. Leg. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. e.OB. Adm. Lit. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. Lit. e.OB. Lex. e.OB. Pray. Inc. Lit Roy. Mon. Chiera 1934a: 3 and 8, no. 39, Pl. 47; ECTSL 2006: 5.5.4; CDLI P268208. Poebel 1914: no. 151, Pl. LXXVII; Civil 1971: 93, F; CDLI P227717. Chiera 1934: 1, Pl. 10, no. 10; Peterson 2013: 2; CDLI P268338. ETCSL 2006: 4.80.1; CDLI P268372. Poebel 1914: no. 4, Pl. III; Hallo 1963: 54‑5; ETCSL 2006: 2.1.1; CDLI P268374. Chiera 1934a: 4‑5, no. 62; pl. 71; Witzel 1944: 306‑7; CDLI P268378. Chiera 1934: 5, Pl. 78, no. 71; ETCSL 2006: 2.4.2.05; Peterson 2011b: 164‑5, No. 139; CDLI P268379. Chiera 1934a: 2 and 8, no. 27, Pl. 33; Kramer 1947: 7, J; ETCSL 2006: 1.8.1.5; CDLI P268380. e.OB. e.OB. e.OB. Lit. CBS ʻBox 160ʼ. e.OB. Lit. CBS 13297. e.OB. Lit. CBS 13297. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 79 Accession CBS 12787. Mrs Hilprecht, 11:01:09. CBS 13300 842 13301 Ss Join Accession IV N 3300 + UM CBS 13297. 29‑16‑213 + Ist Ni 9638 + 9728 + 9837. Provenance CBS 13297. IV Mrs Hilprecht, 16:02:10. Tablet Hill. 843 13379 844 13386 845 13395 846 13402c 847 13457 848 13484 CBS 9852. ? CBS 2168. CBS 2303. CBS 3878. II II CBS 13293. B.E.F., 22:08:17. B.E.F., 22:08:17. CBS 13386. B.E.F., 01:09:17. B.E.F., 04:11:09. B.E.F., 06:11:09. No details. No details. No details. 849 13486 IV B.E.F., 06:11:09. 850 13493 I 851 13518 852 13519 IV CBS 13521 + 13523 + 13526 + 13531 + 13535. IV 853 13520 IV 854 13521 IV CBS 13518. 855 13522 IV 856 857 858 13523 13524 13525 859 13526 IV CBS 13518. IV IV CBS 13527 + 13527a + 13528 + 13570 + 13577 + 13621a. IV CBS 13518. 860 13527 861 13527a 862 13528 Ni IV CBS 13525. IV CBS 13525. IV CBS 13525. CBS 13486. Tablet Hill. W[est] side of Shatt-en-Nil. E[ast] side of Shatt en-Nil. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Mrs Hilprecht, 13:11:09. Tablet Hill. Mrs Hilprecht, 28:01:16. CBS 13519. Tablet Hill. Mrs Hilprecht, 30:11:09. CBS 13519. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13521. CBS 13519. CBS 13519. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Mrs Hilprecht, 30:11:09. CBS 13519. CBS 13524. CBS 13524. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography Date Chiera 1934: 7, Pl. 96, no. 95; Cig et al. e.OB. 1969: 22 and 51 (Ni. 9638), Pl. 120; Kramer 1976: 15 and 23 (Ni. 9728), Pl. 76; Veldhuis 2004: 124, Ni2‑02, Pls 1 and 15‑19; CDLI P268381. e.OB. Radau 1911: 64‑72, 87, Text 9; Pl. 13; Radau 1910: 61‑65; Cooper 1978: 53, C; ETCSL 2006: 1.6.1; CDLI P268382. Type Lit. CBS 13297. Comments Lit. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. CDLI P227721. e.OB. Lex. CDLI P227722. MB. Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 25, no. 24; Green 1984a; CDLI P227723. CDLI P227724. e.OB. Joined to a tablet from Mound V, but listed as from Mound X. Adm. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. e.OB. Lex. Chiera 1929: 16; Veldhuis 1997: 295, Ni II-042; CDLI P227725. Veldhuis 1997: 311, Ni II-201; CDLI P227726. e.OB. Lex. OB. Lex. Veldhuis 1997: 326, Ni U-11; CDLI P227727. e.OB. Lex. Veldhuis 1997: 329; CDLI P227728. Veldhuis 1997: 300, Ni II-095; CDLI P227729. e.OB. e.OB. Lex. Lex. 80 Ti m CLAYDEN 841 CBS 13529 Ni Ss IV Join Accession Mrs Hilprecht, 30:11:09. Mrs Hilprecht, 28:01:10. CBS 13529. Mrs Hilprecht, 25:01:09. Provenance Tablet Hill. Bibliography CDLI P268562. Date e.OB. Type nk. 864 13530 IV Tablet Hill. CDLI P268563. OB. Math. 865 866 13531 13532 IV CBS 13518. IV Hilprecht 1910: 48‑65, pls. i-ii; Lambert et al. 1969: 126; CDLI P268565. MB. Lit. 867 13533 IV CBS 13532. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268566. n.Bab Sch? 868 13534 IV CBS 13532. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268567. e.OB. Lit. 869 870 13535 13561 IV CBS 13518. IV CBS 13532. Mrs Hilprecht, 02:12:09. CBS 13561. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 871 13562 IV 872 13563 873 874 13564 13565 875 13566 876 13567 877 13568 878 13569 IV CBS 13587 + 13603 + 13612 + 13650. IV IV & CBS 13773 + 13776 + 13783 + 13785 + 13787 + 13790. IV CBS 13581 + 13598 + 13640 + 13649 + 13675. IV CBS 13574 + 13579 + 13582 + 13591 + 13595 + 13599 + 13606 + 13613 + 13616 + 13626 + 19933. IV CBS 13575 + 13576 + 13583 + 13588 + 13592 + 13596 + 13601 + 13614. IV 879 13570 IV CBS 13525. Mrs Hilprecht, 01:12:09. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1914: 61‑2 and 108, no. 82: Pl. 36; OB. CDLI P268594. Chiera 1914: 59‑60 and 108, no. 81: Pl. OB. 35; CDLI P268595. CDLI P268596. nk. Comments Leg. CBS ʻBox opened for the Committee in Trial, but not unpackedʼ. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13532. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13532. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13532. CBS ʻBox 15ʼ. Leg. CBS 13561. Roy. CBS 13561. Mon. CBS 13561. Tablet Hill. As for CBS 13564. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268597. Chiera 1914: 109, no. 86: Pl. 38; CDLI P268598. OB. OB. Math. CBS 13561. Leg. CBS 13561. The item is a case with tablet. Mrs Hilprecht, 03:12:09. Tablet Hill. e.OB. Lex. CBS 13561. Mrs Hilprecht, 21:01:10. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1916: 85, no. 60: Pl.s. 30‑1; Peterson 2011a: 261 and 267; CDLI P227730. Landsberger et al. 1967: 41, V 8; CDLI P229119. OB. Lex. CBS 13561. Mrs Hilprecht, 24:01:10. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1916a: 172, no. 67: Pl. 68; Veldhuis 1997: 292, Ni II-013; CDLI P227731. OB. Lex. CBS 13561. Chiera (1916a: 172, no. 67) lists the tablet as having been excavated in the IIIrd season, but the CBS Catalogue is clear that it was the IVth. Mrs Hilprecht 26:01:10. CBS 13569. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268599. e.OB. Math. CBS 13561. Tablet Hill. CBS 13561. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 81 863 CBS 13571 Ni 881 882 13572 13573 883 884 885 13574 13575 13576 Ss Join IV CBS 13602 + 13617 + 13620 + 13623 + 13629 + N 3276 + 4838. IV IV CBS 13578 + 13586 + 13604 + 13622 + 13630 + 13639 + 13641 + 13648 + 13674. IV CBS 13567. IV CBS 13568. IV CBS 13568. 886 887 888 889 13577 13578 13579 13580 IV IV IV IV 890 891 892 893 13581 13582 13583 13584 IV IV IV IV 894 13585 IV CBS 13607. CBS 13584. Tablet Hill. 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 13586 13587 13588 13589 13590 13591 13592 13593 IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV CBS 13573. CBS 13563. CBS 13568. CBS 13584. CBS 13589. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. Mrs Hilprecht, 14:02:10. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 903 904 905 906 13594 13595 13596 13597 IV IV CBS 13567. IV CBS 13568. IV CBS 13580. CBS 13593. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. CBS 13580. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13525. CBS 13573. CBS 13567. CBS 13597 + 13600 + 13620. CBS 13566. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. CBS 13590. CBS 13573. CBS 13563. CBS 13568. CBS 13584 (?) CBS 13567. CBS 13568. CBS 13605 + 13624 + 13630 + 13631 + 13638. Accession Mrs Hilprecht, 07:02:10. Provenance Tablet Hill. CBS 13571. Mrs Hilprecht, 08:02:10. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. Mrs Hilprecht, 26:01:10. CBS 13569. CBS 13573. CBS 13567. Mrs Hilprecht, 01:12:09. CBS 13566. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. Mrs Hilprecht, 14:02:10. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography Date Myrhman 1911: 9, no. 1: Pls. 1‑2 and e.OB. XXXV-VI; Faber-Flugge 1973: 1; ECTSL 2006: 1.3.1; Peterson 2011b: 31‑2, No. 16; CDLI P268601. CDLI P227733. e.OB. Chiera 1916: 80, no. 6: Pls. 6‑7; Peterson e.OB. 2011a: 261 and 262; CDLI P227734. Type Lit. CBS 13561. Lex. Lex. Comments CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Text type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CDLI P268608. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Chiera 1916a: 169, no. 30: Pl. 56; Peterson 2011a: 265; CDLI P227735. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Lagash Roy. CBS 13561. II. Mon. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. OB. Sch CBS 13561. No CDLI registration. Text Lex. date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. e.OB. Lex. CBS 13561. CDLI P227736. OB. Lex. ETCSL 2006: 2.2.2; CDLI P268618. e.OB. Lit. e.OB. Lex. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS CBS CBS CBS 13561. 13561. 13561. 13561. 82 Ti m CLAYDEN 880 CBS 907 13598 908 13599 909 13600 910 13601 911 13602 Ni Ss IV IV IV IV IV Join CBS 13566. CBS 13567. CBS 13580. CBS 13568. CBS 13571. CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS 13563. 13573. 13593. 13567. 13585. Accession CBS 13566. CBS 13567. CBS 13580. CBS 13568. Mrs Hilprecht, 07:02:10. CBS 13563. Mrs Hilprecht. CBS 13593. CBS 13567. CBS 13585. Mrs Hilprecht. Provenance Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Date Type Comments CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. 13603 13604 13605 13606 13607 13608 IV IV IV IV IV IV 918 13609 IV 919 13610 IV 920 13611 IV Mrs Hilprecht, 15:05:15. Tablet Hill. 921 922 923 924 13612 13613 13614 13615 IV CBS 13563. IV CBS 13567. IV CBS 13568. IV CBS 13563. CBS 13567. CBS 13568. Mrs Hilprecht. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268636. MB? 925 926 13616 13617 IV CBS 13567. IV CBS 13571. 927 13618 CDLI P268639. MB. nk. CBS 13561. 928 13619 IV CBS 13642 + N 7003. IV CBS 13614. Tablet Hill. Mrs Hilprecht, Tablet Hill. 07:02:10. As for CBS 13617. Tablet Hill. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Adm. CBS 13561. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Landsberger et al. 1970: 54, V34; Veldhuis OB. 1997: 319, Ni II-279; CDLI P227740. Lex. CBS 13561. 13620 13620 bis 931 13621a 932 13622 933 13623 IV CBS 13580. IV CBS 13571. 13624 IV CBS 13593. 929 930 934 IV CBS 13525. IV CBS 13573. IV CBS 13571. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Sjoberg et al. 1969: 15, S; ETCSL 2006: 4.80.1; CDLI P268632. ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P229711. OB. Lit. OB. Lit. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13561. Lex. CBS 13561. Lex. CBS 13561. Chiera 1929: 5, Pl. 48, no. 84; e.OB. Landsberger 1959: 180, V37 and 197, V3; CDLI P227738. Chiera 1919: 270, no. 7: Pl. 72; Veldhuis e.OB. 1997: 313, Ni II-219; Peterson 2011a: 267; CDLI P227739. Mrs Hilprecht. Tablet Hill. CBS 13580. Mrs Hilprecht, 01:12:09. CBS 13569. CBS 13621. Mrs Hilprecht, 07:02:10. CBS 13593. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. CBS 13561. Tablet Hill. CBS 13561. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 83 912 913 914 915 916 917 Mrs Hilprecht, 01:04:10. Mrs Hilprecht, 07:04:10. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography CBS 13625 13626 Ni Ss Join IV CBS 7802. IV CBS 13567. 937 13629 CBS 13571. 938 939 940 13630 13631 13636 CBS 13573. IV CBS 13593. IV 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 13638 13639 13640 13641 13642 13648 13649 IV IV IV IV IV IV IV 948 949 13650 13671 IV CBS 13563. IV 950 13672 IV 951 13673 IV 952 13674 IV CBS 13573. 953 954 955 13675 13683 13761 IV CBS 13566. CBS 7802. IV 956 13773 IV CBS 13565. 957 13775 IV Mrs Hilprecht, 16:02:10. CBS 13773. 958 959 13776 13777 IV CBS 13565. IV CBS 13773. CBS 13773. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. 960 13780 IV Mrs Hilprecht, 17:02:10. Tablet Hill. CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS 13593. 13573. 13566. 13573. 13618. 13573. 13566. Accession B.E.F., 22:11:16. Mrs Hilprecht, 22:01:10. Mrs Hilprecht 07:02:10. Mrs Hilprecht. CBS 13593. Mrs Hilprecht. CBS 13593. Mrs Hilprecht. CBS 13566. Mrs Hilprecht. Mrs Hilprecht. Mrs Hilprecht. Mrs Hilprecht, 21:01:10. CBS 13563. Mrs Hilprecht, 00:11:16 (?). Mrs Hilprecht, 06:12:16. CBS 13671. Mrs Hilprecht, 08:02:10. Mrs Hilprecht. Details not given. Mrs Hilprecht, 14:03:10. Provenance Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. Bibliography Date Type Comments CBS 13561. CBS 13561. No details. No details. No details. Tablet Hill. OB. No details. No details. No details. No details. Tablet Hill. No details. No details. No details. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CDLI P227743. Tablet Hill. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Math. Provenance by join. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. CBS 13561. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. n.Bab Lex. e.OB. Lex. OB. Lex. No details. No details. MB. Sch. Provenance by join. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. Provenance by join. CBS ʻBox 10ʼ. Tablet Hill, East side of Shatt [en-Nil]. Tablet Hill. CDLI P268774. Tablet Hill. CDLI P227744. e.OB Lex. Alster 2005: 266, Pls. 32‑3; CDLI P268789. CDLI P268791. e.OB. Lit. PBS 081, 086 incorrectly suggests that CBS 13775 is part of an envelope, probably typo for CBS 13773 CBS ‘Box 160’. CBS ʻBox 10ʼ. e.OB. Sch. CBS 13777. CBS ‘Box 60’. 84 Ti m CLAYDEN 935 936 961 962 963 964 CBS 13783 13785 13787 13790 Ni Ss IV IV IV IV 965 13820 IV 966 13821 967 968 969 970 971 Join 13565. 13565. 13565. 13565. Provenance Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill. CBS 13773. Tablet Hill. Tablet Hill, [east] side of Shatt-[ennil]. CDLI P268830. n.Bab Sch? IV CBS 13820. CBS 13820. CDLI P268831. nk. nk. 13961 14547 15130 15207 19751 - CBS 11346. CBS 2344. CBS 13298. - CBS 11346. IV CBS 2204. B.E.F. 06:12:16. No details. No details. No details. No details. From the Temple Library [Mound] IV’. 972 19752 IV CBS 19751. 973 19753 IV CBS 19751. 974 19754 975 19755 IV IV CBS 19751. Mrs Hilprecht 20:11:02. 976 19756 977 19757 978 19758 979 19759 980 19760 IV IV CBS 10990. IV CBS 3882 IV CBS 10992. IV CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. 981 19761 IV CBS 19751. 982 19762 IV Mrs Hilprecht 20:11:02. B.E.F. 24:04:17. Mrs Hilprecht, 14:04:05. CBS 19751. Bibliography Date Type Comments CBS CBS CBS CBS Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 8, no. 7; Civil 1969: 200, Bʼ; CDLI P227851. CBS 19751. Chiera 1929: 16; Landsberger et al. 1967: 66 B1; Veldhuis 1997: 302, Ni II-118; CDLI P227852. CBS 19751. CDLI P270371. Chiera OIP 15 117. CBS 19751. Further CDLI P230528. annotated ʻprobably from the Temple Schoolʼ. CBS 19751. Civil 1969: 31, Wʼ; CDLI P227853. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CDLI P227854. CBS 19751. Hilprecht 1906: pl. VIII, no. 9; Chiera 1929: 4, Pl. 9, no. 9; Civil 1969: 175 I; CDLI P229550. CBS 19751. Robson 2000: 36‑9, no. 16; CDLI P269999. CBS 19751. Nil. 13776. 13776. 13776. 13776. CBS 13777. The remaining items from Box appear to be from Mound X. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 13820. Too poorly damaged to date or type - information courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. OB. Lex. CBS ‘ from Box 40, opened in the presence of Mr Witte (?), unpacked/ released for the greater part on April 8 1905. Box 40 evidently from upper layers’. CBS 19751. OB. Lex. CBS 19751. MB. OB. Lit. Lex. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. OB. Lex. nk. e.OB. Lex. Lex. CBS ʻ from Box 40ʼ. CBS 19756. CBS 19756. CBS 19756. CBS 19756. MB. Math. CBS 19756. OB. Lex Sch. CBS 19756. Further annotated ʻbrought from Constantinople in fall 1902ʼ. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 85 Accession CBS 13773. CBS 13773. CBS 13773. Mrs Hilprecht 17:02:10. Mrs Hilprecht, 22:04:10. CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS 19763 984 19764 985 Ni Ss IV Join Accession CBS 19751. Provenance CBS 19751. Bibliography CDLI P270374. Date OB. IV CBS 19751. CBS 19751. Radau 1908: 171, no. 89, Pl. 62; CDLI P270375. MB. 19786 IV CBS 10180. CBS 19762. CBS 19751. 986 19788 IV CBS 19762. CBS 19751. CDLI P227855. 987 19789 IV CBS 19762. CBS 19751. 988 989 19790 19791 IV IV CBS 19762. CBS 19762. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. Chiera 1929: 6, Pl. 91, no. 189; OB. Landsberger 1959: 209 V4; Gordon 1960: 126; Alster 1997, i: 144, Pls. 46‑7; ECTSL 2006: 6.1.02; CDLI P229072. Hilprecht 1906: 61, no. 23: Pls. 13 and 9. Poebel 1914: no. 152, Pl.s LXXVIIIOB. LXXXII; Poebel 1914b: 29‑41, no. 152; Hallock et al. 1956: 47 B; CDLI P227856. 990 991 19792 19794 IV CBS 2254. IV CBS 19762. CBS 19762. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. 992 993 19795 19797 IV CBS 2180. IV CBS 19762. CBS 19762. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. 994 19801 IV CBS 19751. 995 19802 IV Mrs Hilprecht 18:04:05. CBS 19801. Hilprecht 1906: 67, no. 47: Pl. 30; Poebel OB. 1914: no. 5, Pl. IV; ECTSL 2006: 2.1.1; CDLI P269973. Civil 1974: 338; CDLI P270002. MB. CBS 19751. CDLI P230529. OB. Lex. 996 19803 IV CBS 19801. CBS 19751. OB. Lex. 997 19804 998 19805 999 19806 1000 19807 IV IV IV IV CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. Veldhuis 1997: 302, Ni II-116; CDLI P229249. CDLI P230530. CDLI P230531. CDLI P227857. CDLI P270398. OB. OB. OB. OB. Lex. Lex. Lex. Sch. 1001 19808 1002 19809 IV CBS 19822. IV CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. Civil 1969: 29, F; CDLI P227858. OB. OB. Lex Sch. Lutz 1919: 128, no. 92: Pl. CII; Falkenstein 1950: 327‑8, no. 129; Ali 1964: 120‑3; Cohen 1976: 272, D; Kleinerman 2011: xxi, no. 65; ECTSL 2006: 3.3.07; CDLI P270395. MB? OB. Type Comments Adm. CBS 19756. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Let. CBS 19756. Lex. Lex. CBS ‘Specimens brought home by H.V.H. in the fall of 1902 to illustrate the contents of the Temple Library’. CBS 19786. Text date courtesy of Dr J Peterson October 2014. CBS 19786. CBS 19786. No CDLI registration. Gram. CBS 19786. Lit. CBS 19786. CBS 19786. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 19786. Roy. CBS 19786. Hilprecht (1906: 67) notes Mon. that the tablet was probably from ʻNi.Vʼ. Sci. CBS ʻforming part of Box 40, opened April 8 1905. CBS 19801. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS ʻBox 40ʼ. CBS 19806. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. No CDLI registration. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. 86 Ti m CLAYDEN 983 1003 1004 CBS 19810 19811 1005 Ni Accession CBS 19801. CBS 19801. Provenance CBS 19751. CBS 19751. 19812 IV CBS 19801. CBS 19751. CDLI P230533 1006 19813 IV CBS 19801. CBS 19751. 1007 19814 IV Hilprecht 1906: 62, no. 27: Pls. 16 and X; e.OB. Neugebauer 1935: 68, no. 14; CDLI P230039. Hilprecht 1906: 64‑5, no. 35: Pl. 22; OB. CDLI P230045. 1008 1009 1010 19815 19816 19817 IV CBS 10990. IV CBS 11080. IV CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CDLI P227859. OB. 1011 1012 19818 19819 IV CBS 11390. IV CBS 19801. CBS 19801. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CDLI P227861. NB? 1013 19820 IV CBS 19801. CBS 19751. Hilprecht 1906: 64, no. 34: Pl. 22; CDLI P230044. nk. 1014 19821 IV CBS 19751. CDLI P250532. OB. 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 19822 19823 19825 19826 19827 19828 19829 19830 19831 19832 19833 19834 19835 19883 19933 IV CBS 19808. IV IV CBS 11080. IV CBS 7843. CBS 3878. IV (+) CBS 6429. IV CBS 2135. IV CBS 19821. IV IV CBS 11080. IV IV IV CBS 10992. IV CBS 13567. Mrs Hilprecht 19:04:05. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. As CBS 19821. Math. CBS 19806. Text date and type courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. Lex. CBS 19806. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS 19806. Lex. CBS 19806. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. Lex. CBS 19806. Hilprecht (1906: 64) notes that the tablet was found on ʻNi.Vʼ in season IV. Lex. CBS 19806. CDLI P270403. nk. nk. Veldhuis 2000: 76 and 91; CDLI P270408. MB. Sch. CDLI P227862. CDLI P227863. CDLI P231728. Lex. Lex. Lex. CBS 19751. Mrs Hilprecht 10:02:08. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. CBS 19751. No details. Temple Library. Bibliography Date OB. nk. OB. OB. Type Lex. Lex. Comments CBS 19806. CBS ‘probably from school rooms’ and ‘Box 40’. CBS 19811. Text date courtesy of Dr J. Peterson October 2014. CBS ʻBox 40ʼ. Hilprecht (1906: 62) states that it was found on ʻNi. Vʼ. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS 19806. CBS ʻBox 15ʼ. THEARCHAEOLOGY OFTHENI PPUR ARCHI VE 87 Ss Join IV CBS 2159. IV (+) CBS 4804.

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