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G li scienziati del Regno di Napoli erano tra i massimi esperti d'Europa in campo ingegneristico e antisismico, sia dal punto di vista tecnologico che scientifico. Il loro atteggiamento, moderno e orientato alla ricerca, aveva prodotto già all'epoca numerose sperimentazioni. Un esempio emblematico è il sistema antisismico Borbonico che, in attuazione del primo Regolamento antisismico d'Europa redatto all'indomani del terribile terremoto del 1783, sintetizza i più avanzati principi della nascente scienza. Il lavoro, oltre ad un analisi storico costruttiva, riporta i risultati di una campagna sperimentale svolta nel 2013 nei laboratori del CNR, in cui la riproduzione di una parete Borbonica in scala 1:1 ha mostrato un appropriato comportamento durante test ciclici. N icola Ruggieri, architetto e PhD, si occupa di strutture di legno antiche e di tecniche costruttive nell'edilizia storica. Rappresentante italiano alle azioni EU-COST (Trento, Londra, Antalya, Praga, Trondheim, Wroclaw). Ideatore e membro del comitato scientifico della conferenza internazionale HEaRT. È autore di circa 40 pubblicazioni tra le quali articoli scientifici, relazioni congressuali e curatele. Ha insegnato presso l'Università della Calabria, la Sapienza -Università di Roma e l'Università degli Studi Roma Tre. Attualmente è membro della segreteria tecnica di progettazione della SSBA-PES del MiBACT.
Italy is one of the most seismic country of the Mediterranean area. The first documented earthquakes, which caused damages on buildings, date back to Romans era (217 B.C. between Siena and Trasimeno lake), however the first decree for constructions in seismic areas was in 1627, after the earthquake that damaged Campania region. Starting from these considerations, the paper takes into account the development of building anti-seismic systems between 18th century and the first decade of 20th century, period in which the reinforced concrete spread as efficient anti-seismic technology. In particular the paper focuses on the anti-seismic systems derived from an aware response to the seismic issue in term of techniques (e.g. masonry braced with timber framing), of theories (from the contribution of Eusebio Sguario) and of norms (from the 1627 law). From the carried out studies an important change is emerged in 18th century, when the seismic planning, in past only an empiric practice, became a project based on technical-scientific premises. Campania is considered as exemplificative case study, because it is high seismic and shows an evident difference between vernacular building techniques, originated as a spontaneous empirical result, and monumental architectures, planned by specialised craftsmen with scientific anti-seismic standards.
Il passato nel presente: la ricerca archeologica a via Settembrini Daniela Giampaola L'archeologia urbana è strettamente connessa alla vita delle città pluristratificate, delle quali ricostruisce le dinamiche insediative, comprendendo in un processo conoscitivo unitario gli elementi del sottosuolo e del soprassuolo. Le trasformazioni contemporanee, nella misura in cui interferiscono con i comparti edilizi e con la stratigrafia sottostante, devono essere correlate ad una completa analisi storica e archeologica e ad un'adeguata procedura di intervento. In tale prospettiva il centro storico di Napoli sin dalla metà degli anni '80 rappresenta uno straordinario campo di sperimentazione, allineando la città ai principali siti italiani ed europei in cui si è affermata l'archeologia urbana 1 . La tutela e la valorizzazione del sottosuolo costituiscono ormai un principio acquisito divenuto parte integrante della salvaguardia della città storica, essendo assunto nelle norme di attuazione e nella individuazione dei Piani Urbanistici Attuativi della vigente variante al PRG di Napoli.
APM, Archeologia Postmedievale. Società, Ambiente, Produzione, 20, 2016. (Archeologia postmedievale in Italia – Schede)
Napoli angioina tra storia linguistica interna e storia esterna La cultura napoletana del periodo della dominazione angioina, tra fine Duecento e inizio Quattrocento, è stata profondamente studiata da Francesco Sabatini, 1 giunto a una sistemazione di insieme, che ha poi permesso approfondimenti su singoli aspetti già esaminati dall'autore. All'opera di Sabatini si collegano edizioni di testi, 2 saggi linguistici, 3 studi filologici, 4 sintesi di grammatica storica 5 o saggi dedicati ad aspetti della realtà linguistica napoletana. 6 Sono quindi disponibili punti di riferimento sia per futuri lavori filologici e linguistici, sia per sintesi, tanto che, anche per la realtà cittadina napoletana, si può tentare di seguire il suggerimento di Bruno Migliorini, che proponeva di tenere sempre conto del nesso tra la storia interna della lingua e la storia esterna: La distinzione tra lo studio delle vicende esterne e quello degli aspetti successivi della lingua italiana è veramente un...
Rivista di Studi Militari, 2018
Abstract L'esercito del Regno di Napoli dal 1734 al 1759 (Regno di Carlo di Borbone) Nel 1734 un corpo di spedizione spagnolo composto da truppe veterane delle precedenti guerre di Spagna si impadronì in breve tempo del regno di Napoli, strappandolo agli Austriaci che lo occupavano dal 1707 e, poco dopo, si impadronì di quello di Sicilia. Con il trattato di Vienna (18 Novembre 1738) fu definitivamente riconosciuto dalle potenze europee il diritto di Carlo di Borbone, figlio del re di Spagna Filippo V, di occupare il trono del regno delle Due Sicilie. L’articolo, basandosi su fonti originali, analizza la creazione dell’esercito del nuovo regno e la costituzione dei corpi che lo componevano, la creazione delle strutture organizzative e logistiche fino al 1759, anno in cui Carlo di Borbone divenne re di Spagna, col titolo di Carlo III e lasciò il regno al figlio minorenne Ferdinando. The Army of the Kingdom of Naples from 1734 to 1759 (Carlo di Borbone) In 1734 an expedition corps fo the Spanish army, composed of veteran troops seasoned in the previous wars in Spain conquered in a very short time the Kingdom of Naples, taking it from the Austrians that were occupying it since 1707 and, in the following, conquered Sicily as well. In the Treaty of Vienna (18th November 1738) the European Powers recognized definitively to Carlos of Bourbon, son of the king of Spain Philip V, the right to occupy the throne of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This article, based on original sources, analyses the creation of the army of the new kingdom and the constitution of the units that compsed it, the creation of its logistic and organizational structures until 1759, when Carlo of Bourbon became king of Spain, with the title of Carlos III and left Naples and the Kingdom to his son Ferdinand, then a minor. Parole chiave Napoli, Due Sicilie, Esercito, Carlo di Borbone, Spagna Naples, Two Sicilies, Army, Carlos of Bourbon, Spain
Progettare la difesa, rappresentare il territorio: Il codice Romano Carratelli e la fortificazione nel Mediterraneo secoli XVI-XVI, 2015
Between 1583 and 1611 the Kingdom of Naples was surveyed on the ground and a new image of it was at disposal of the viceroyal Court on Naples. The "description" of the Kingdom was started by Nicola Antonio Stigliola around 1583 and by 1590 he was flanked by Mario Cartaro with the task of bringing to a completion the survey and also drawing sight towers and fortresses. In 1595 a first version of the atlas of the provinces of the Kingdom was completed by Stigliola but this preparation, known through some different handwritten copies, was modified and improved by Mario Cartaro, who continued to work on the maps until the first decade of the seventeenth century. In 1611 he engraved an atlas of the entire Kingdom of Naples in twenty sheets, of which no a trace remains, if not in the maps by Giovanni Antonio Magini published by his son Fabio in 1620. This paper aims to highlight the close relationship between operations of land surveying and military defense, moving from medium and small scale the ones more properly related to architectural drawing. It also tries to reconstruct the complex biographies of the authors to whom were in turn assigned tasks as cartographers, draftsmen, military and hydraulic engineers. Historical phases of this important cartographic undertaking are also reconstructed. The survey and its outputs were almost forgotten in later centuries by the same court of Naples, who repeatedly faced with a bad knowledge of the territories under its control and its administration.
In the course of the 18th century, church facades with curvilinear shapes were designed and built in Sicily. Convex and concave shapes, positioned in the central portion of the facade, made these structures similar to apses. Choices of an esthetic nature initially triggered emulation of models that spread in the second half of the 17th century in Sicily based on engravings reproducing the inflexed facades created by the masters of Roman Baroque. So far, interest in these models appeared to be the most relevant interpretation in explaining the design trends of the major architects operating in the 18th century in Sicily. However, it seems plausible to surmise that the preference for the curved facades derived, in some specific cases, from a reflection focused on the strength of these structures especially if subjected to the action of earthquakes, which were violent and frequent in the island from the Middle Ages and throughout the Modern period. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the static efficiency of facades with a curvilinear shape, which was probably recognized by designers as being among the factors that contributed to determining the stability of buildings. We will seek to understand whether behind the esthetic and formal reasons there was also a debate focused on the structural advantages offered by this type of façade, thus influencing the design of the reconstruction projects. In this context, Giovanni Amico, Giovanbattista Vaccarini, and Rosario Gagliardi imposed facades with a concave-convex pattern on Sicilian construction sites in the 18th century, an interest that was shared by the three Sicilian architects, as demonstrated by archival sources. Obviously, Sicilian architects of the early 18th century were well aware of the extraordinary fact that some apses (like the Norman apses of the Cathedral in Catania) had survived unscathed more or less catastrophic earthquakes that hit Sicily in the Modern period (1542, 1693 and 1726). The observation of these structures still standing against a backdrop of rubble in the aftermath of the earthquake had an impact on those who were to design new monumental and lasting edifices in an area at risk of earthquakes. The documents discovered and the constructions realized in Sicily prove that the assumption, never actually codified, according to which the architectural form was able to cooperate actively in seismic safety was a part of the body of building knowledge shared by generations of architects and masters of the Modern period who worked throughout the island. Some eyewitnesses of earthquakes realized that history had an essential “functional” role and that the surviving works were an invaluable heritage, related to both the technical and formal aspects of the constructions, to be recovered and optimized for anti-seismic purposes in future works. Sicilian architects and master builders of the 18th century knew the concept of the so-called "crossbow" effect, which is namely the rotary force exerted on facades by the multiplication of the thrusts of internal longitudinal arches, amplified during earthquakes, making them overturn and collapse, as shown by the famous document that rejected the plan for the new facade of the Cathedral of Modica (1761). Likewise this effect however was of interest for the apses built on the opposite side of the facades. They were structures that, as mentioned, were sometimes left unscathed thanks to their particular curvilinear geometry. Many Sicilian apse-shaped facades of the 18th century were built on pre-existing edifices that had been hit by an earthquake to a greater or lesser extent, concealing the link between the earthquake and the design of these structures with regard to the consideration of what had survived in general, to its building quality and materials. The research conducted by Rosario Gagliardi and his followers in the field of inflexed facades is the clearest evidence of the hypotheses hitherto made through the development of plans, which, based on the engraved models already known to historiography, probably leverage the formal peculiarities as further anti-seismic resources.
ANANKE , 2018
On the 1th of June 1796 Napoleon sent part of his army towards the Mantua lakes, an insalubrious territory, surrounded by water and with difficult strategic control, which constituted the last bastion of Austrian imperialism in Lombardy. Starting from unpublished archive material, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the socio-political changes that accompanied the transformation of the city under the French domination, leading to a series of fortification projects signed by French military engineers such as Foissac-Latour and Chasseloup Laubat.
il7 MAGAZINE - Brindisi, 2019 & PAGINE DI STORIA BRINDISINA Vol.3, 2024
Il 20 luglio 1707 giunse a Brindisi la notizia dell’ingresso dei soldati austriaci in Napoli i quali, in realtà, al comando del feld-maresciallo Wirich Philipp von Daun dell’imperatore Giuseppe I vi erano entrati già da qualche giorno – il 7 luglio – giungendovi senza quasi colpo ferire, mentre il viceré spagnolo del sovrano borbonico Felipe V – Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y Zúñiga – s’imbarcava per tornare in patria, e il viceré austriaco – Georg Adam von Martinitz – prendeva possesso del palazzo reale. Anche a Napoli ci fu festa e la statua di Filippo II di Spagna, eretta dal popolo solo cinque anni prima, fu abbattuta, ma nel complesso le cose nella capitale non debordarono. Carlo III fu quindi re di Napoli dal 1707 al 1734 e fino al 1711 governò da Barcellona, ove risiedeva come re di Spagna nell’attesa della fine della guerra di successione spagnola. Passato, nel 1711 per la morte del fratello Giuseppe I, sul trono imperiale di Vienna col titolo di Carlo VI, continuò a governare il regno di Napoli da quella nuova sede, ma non vi mise mai piede e di Napoli e del suo regno non seppe mai altro se non quello che gli veniva riferito. Abbastanza comprensibile, pertanto, anche se di fatto evidentemente eccessivo, quel comportamento festoso dei sudditi di Napoli e, soprattutto, di quelli di Brindisi di fronte all’evento, in teoria epocale, della caduta – dopo ben due secoli – del dominio spagnolo ad opera dei nuovi arrivati austriaci e del loro conseguente insediamento nel governo del regno. D’altra parte, a quella data, i sentimenti intimi del popolo – nobili a parte – certamente non erano molto dissimili da quelli che solo qualche decina d’anni prima avevano provocato le rivolte popolari – del pescivendolo amalfitano Masaniello a Napoli il 7 luglio 1647 e, ancor prima, dei pescivendoli brindisini del rione marinaro delle Sciabiche il 5 giugno 1647 e, poco dopo, in Sicilia il 15 agosto 1647 – scoppiate tutte sotto la spinta della miseria che da tantissimo assillava il popolo caricandolo di disperazione e, verosimilmente, di odio...
La politica della Scienza. Toscana e stati italiani nel tardo Settecento. Firenze, Leo S. Olschki, Biblioteca di Nuncius, Studi e testi, vol. XX, 1996, pp. 551-567, 1996
The birth of a Topographical Office in Naples in 1781 led to the a series of activities useful for the construction of the Map of the Kingdom of Naples. Mechanicians, instruments makers, copper suppliers, professors of engraving and lettering. The Map of the Kingdom gave rise to new professions and new productions that lasted and grew up to the end of the Bourbon Kingdom in Naples.
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