CD antigens 2002

From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org by guest on December 30, 2011. For personal use only. 2002 99: 3877-3880 doi:10.1182/blood.V99.10.3877 CD antigens 2002 David Mason, Pascale André, Armand Bensussan, Chris Buckley, Curt Civin, Edward Clark, Masja de Haas, Sanna Goyert, Martin Hadam, Derek Hart, Václav Horejsi?, Stefan Meuer, James Morrissey, Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez, Stephen Shaw, David Simmons, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Ellen van der Schoot, Eric Vivier and Heddy Zola Updated information and services can be found at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/99/10/3877.full.html Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Blood (print ISSN 0006-4971, online ISSN 1528-0020), is published weekly by the American Society of Hematology, 2021 L St, NW, Suite 900, Washington DC 20036. Copyright 2011 by The American Society of Hematology; all rights reserved. From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org by guest on December 30, 2011. For personal use only. BLOOD, 15 MAY 2002 䡠 VOLUME 99, NUMBER 10 CORRESPONDENCE fied peripheral blood CD34(⫹) progenitor cells from HLA-mismatched parental donors in children. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001; 27:777-783. References 1. 2. Zaucha JM, Gooley T, Bensinger WI, et al. CD34 cell dose in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell grafts affects engraftment kinetics and development of extensive chronic graftversus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation. Blood. 2001; 98:3221-3227. Handgretinger R, Klingebiel T, Lang P, et al. Megadose transplantation of puri- 3877 3. Storb R, Prentice RL, Sullivan KM, et al. Predictive factors in chronic graftversus-host disease in patients with aplastic anemia treated by marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98:461-466. 4. Lang P, Handgretinger R, Schumm M, et al. Transplantation of purified peripheral CD34⫹ stem cells from unrelated donors in children: effective prevention of GvHD [abstract]. Blood. 1999;94(suppl 1):667a. To the editor: CD antigens 2002 The process of categorizing the antigenic molecules and epitopes associated with human white cells, via the collaborative study of monoclonal antibodies, dates back to the early 1980s, when the first HLDA (Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen) Workshop was held in Paris. This initial meeting listed only 15 molecular entities, but it created an internationally agreed basis for the nomenclature of leukocyte molecules (the CD scheme) and also provided a forum for reporting studies on their function and practical relevance. A further six HLDA meetings have been held since the first Paris meeting. The most recent of these (“HLDA7”) took place in 2000 in Harrogate, United Kingdom, and the proceedings of the meeting (Leucocyte Typing VII1) have recently been published. The aims and approaches of HLDA7. It was apparent at the previous meeting, HLDA6, held in Kobe, Japan, in 1996, that the technique of detecting molecular entities by screening coded panels of monoclonal antibodies against human cells was becoming obsolescent. Antibodies to the most immunogenic molecules had already been produced, and fewer laboratories than in the early days were prepared to devote resources to raising new antibodies, since the probability of finding novel reagents becomes ever less likely. In consequence many antibodies in the sixth workshop were reagents (submitted by laboratories that were not equipped to characterize them) that proved to be of known specificity. With these considerations in mind, HLDA7 adopted a different approach. Instead of screening poorly characterized antibodies, reagents were selected (and actively solicited) for which at least some molecular data were already available. A substantial number of monoclonal antibodies reactive with leukocyte-associated molecules exist that do not meet the traditional criterion for establishing a new CD specificity (ie, the existence of at least 2 independent antibodies of the same specificity). This rule dates from the first HLDA workshop 2 decades ago; since that time biochemical and molecular biological techniques for characterizing the targets of new antibodies have come to be widely used. Consequently, it is now considered appropriate to establish a CD designation for a molecule if its gene has been cloned and at least one specific monoclonal antibody has been studied in the workshop. Four new sections were introduced in HLDA7 to add to the traditional list from past meetings: Dendritic Cells, Stem/ Progenitor Cells, Erythroid Cells, and Carbohydrate Structures. Although it has been recognized for many years that monoclonal antibodies reactive with human leukocytes can be specific for carbohydrate epitopes (eg, the carbohydrate CD category CD15 was identified at the first HLDA workshop), they had not received specific attention at any workshop. The inclusion of erythroid molecules, although it may seem out of place in a leukocyte workshop, was justified by the number of molecules shared Table 1. New CD designations Designation Section Locus link CD15u Sulphated CD15 Name Carbohydrate structures NA CD60a GD3 Carbohydrate structures NA CD60b 9-O-acetyl-GD3 Carbohydrate structures NA CD60c 7-O-acetyl-GD3 Carbohydrate structures NA CD75 Lactosamines Carbohydrate structures NA CD75s Alpha-2,6-sialylated Carbohydrate structures NA lactosamines (formerly CDw75 and CDw76) CD85 ILT/LIR family (see Table 2) Dendritic cells NA CD110 MPL, TPO R Platelets 4352 CD111 PRR1/Nectin1 Myeloid cells 5818 CD112 PRR2 Myeloid cells 5819 CD133 AC133 Stem/progenitor cells 8842 CD156b TACE/ADAM17 Adhesion structures 6868 CD158 KIR family (see Table 2) NK cells NA CD159a NKG2A NK cells 3821 CD160 BY55 T cells CD162R PEN5 NK cells CD167a Discoidin domain R Adhesion structures 11126 6404 780 (DDR1) CD168 RHAMM Adhesion structures 3161 CD169 Sialoadhesin Adhesion structures 6614 CD170 Siglec-5 Adhesion structures 8778 CD171 L1 Adhesion structures 3897 CD172a SIRP alpha Adhesion structures 8194 CD173 Blood group H type 2 Carbohydrate structures NA CD174 Lewis y Carbohydrate structures NA CD175 Tn Carbohydrate structures NA CD175s Sialyl-Tn Carbohydrate structures NA CD176 TF Carbohydrate structures NA CD177 NB1 Myeloid cells NA CD178 Fas ligand Cytokine/chemokine 356 receptors CD179a Vpre-B B cells 7441 CD179b Lambda 5 B cells 3543 CD180 RP105 B cells 4064 CD183 CXCR3 Cytokine/chemokine 2833 receptors CD184 CXCR4 Cytokine/chemokine 7852 receptors CD195 CCR5 Cytokine/chemokine 1234 receptors CDw197 CCR7 Cytokine/chemokine 1236 receptors CD200 OX2 Nonlineage molecules CD201 EPC R Endothelial cells 4345 CD202b Tie2 (Tek) Endothelial cells 7010 CD203c NPP3/PDNP3 Myeloid cells 5169 CD204 Macrophage scavenger R Myeloid cells 4481 10544 From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org by guest on December 30, 2011. For personal use only. 3878 BLOOD, 15 MAY 2002 䡠 VOLUME 99, NUMBER 10 CORRESPONDENCE Table 1. New CD designations (continued) CD220 Insulin R Nonlineage molecules 3643 CD221 IGF1 R Nonlineage molecules 3480 CD222 Mannose-6-phosphate/IGF2 R Nonlineage molecules 3482 CD223 LAG-3 Nonlineage molecules 3902 CD224 Gamma-glutamyl transferase Nonlineage molecules 2678 CD225 Leu13 Nonlineage molecules 8519 CD226 DNAM-1 (PTA1) T cells CD227 MUC.1 Nonlineage molecules 4582 CD228 Melanotransferrin Nonlineage molecules 4241 CD229 Ly9 Nonlineage molecules 4063 CD230 Prion protein Nonlineage molecules 5621 CD231 TALLA-1/A15 Nonlineage molecules 7102 CD232 VESP R Nonlineage molecules 10154 CD233 Band 3 Erythroid cells 6521 CD234 Fy-glycoprotein (DARC) Erythroid cells 2532 CD235a Glycophorin A Erythroid cells 2993 CD235b Glycophorin B Erythroid cells 2994 CD235ab Glycophorin A/B Erythroid cells NA functional, and other data can be found for many of these new specificities on the PROW site.2 The eighth workshop. Plans are well advanced for the eighth workshop, to be organized in Adelaide, Australia, in 2004 under the aegis of Professor H. Zola (see http://www.hlda8.org). It is sometimes assumed that the catalogue of surface molecules associated with human hemopoietic cells is now essentially complete, but there is abundant evidence in the literature for novel surface molecules that would merit study at HLDA8, and that could provide the basis for new CD designations. Table 3 comprises both a list of potential new molecules reported following the production of monoclonal antibodies and also a longer list of surface molecules identified via gene cloning, for which in most instances, no antibodies are available. Specific and well-characterized reagents, whether monoclonal or polyclonal, are needed not only for detecting these new “virtual” molecules but also for defining functional domains, for characterizing 3-dimensional protein structure, and for analyzing protein-protein interactions. It may be added that cloning of gene sequences often reveals multiple members of new or existing molecular families (eg, the Toll-like receptors) and may identify surface receptors that bind more than one ligand or vice versa (eg, the TALL-1 and APRIL ligands for TACI and BCMA). Furthermore, a number of leukocyte-associated markers have been cloned from mice and other species, and almost all will have human homologues. HLDA8 will provide a forum for a range of antibody-based studies relating to this accumulating corpus of genomic and proteomic data. As in HLDA7, in which 4 new sections were added, it may be possible to include new cell types in HLDA8. For example, many neuronal cells express surface proteins found on leukocytes and vice versa (eg, CD56, CD100, CD168, CD171). Furthermore, the guidance cues used by neuronal cells share similarities to those involved in leukocyte Table 2. New CD nomenclature for ILT/LIR and KIR molecules Designation Name Section Locus link CD205 DEC205 Dendritic cells 4065 CD206 Macrophage mannose R Dendritic cells 4360 CD207 Langerin Dendritic cells 50489 CD208 DC-LAMP Dendritic cells NA CD209 DC-SIGN Dendritic cells 30385 CDw210 IL-10 R Cytokine/chemokine 3587; 3588 receptors CD212 IL-12 R Cytokine/chemokine 3594 receptors CD213a1 IL-13 R alpha 1 Cytokine/chemokine 3597 receptors CD213a2 IL-13 R alpha 2 Cytokine/chemokine 3598 receptors CDw217 IL-17 R Cytokine/chemokine 23765 receptors 10666 crossreactive mabs CD236 Glycophorin C/D Erythroid cells NA CD236R Glycophorin C Erythroid cells 2995 CD238 Kell Erythroid cells 3792 CD239 B-CAM Erythroid cells 4059 CD240CE Rh30CE Erythroid cells 6006 CD240D Rh30D Erythroid cells 6007 CD240DCE Rh30D/CE crossreactive Erythroid cells NA mabs CD241 RhAg Erythroid cells 6005 CD242 ICAM-4 Erythroid cells 3386 CD243 MDR-1 Stem/progenitor cells CD244 2B4 NK cells CD245 p220/240 T cells CD246 Anaplastic lymphoma kinase T cells CD247 Zeta chain T cells NA 51744 NA 238 919 Designation Name The ILT/LIR family CD85a ILT5/LIR3 CD85b ILT8 CD85c LIR8 CD85d ILT4/LIR2, MIR10 CD85e ILT6/LIR4 CD85f ILT11 CD85g ILT7 CD85h ILT1/LIR7 CD85i LIR6 CD85j ILT2/LIR1, MIR7 CD85k ILT3/LIR5 CD85l ILT9 CD85m ILT10 The KIR family between white and red cells (eg, cytokine receptors) that hint at unexplored functions of red cells. The yield of new CD specificities in HLDA7. This more active approach to the identification of new CD specificities represented a break with tradition, but the results justified the new approach since a total of well over 80 new entities were added to the list of CD specificities. This compares favorably with previous workshops (an average of fewer than 30 CD specificities per workshop), and it also largely avoided the laborious screening in multiple laboratories of antibodies that often prove to be directed against known CD molecules. Tables 1 and 2 list the new specificities established at HLDA7. Full details can be found in Leucocyte Typing VII,1 and molecular, CD158z KIR3DL7/KIRC1 CD158b1 and CD158b2 KIR2DL2/p58.2 and KIR2DL3/p58.3 CD158a KIR2DL1/p58.1 CD158c KIR2DS6/KIRX CD158d KIR2DL4 CD158e1 and CD158e2 KIR3DL1/p70 and KIR3DS1/p70 CD158f KIR2DL5 CD158g KIR2DS5 CD158h KIR2DS1/p50.1 CD158i KIR2DS4/p50.3 CD158j KIR2DS2/p50.2 CD158k KIR3DL2/p140 For further details of this classification, based on the position of the genes on chromosome 19q;13.4 from centromeric to telomeric loci, see André et al.3 From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org by guest on December 30, 2011. For personal use only. BLOOD, 15 MAY 2002 䡠 VOLUME 99, NUMBER 10 CORRESPONDENCE 3879 Table 3. Examples of possible future CD specificities Molecule Molecule size Cell types Comments Reference(s) Identified following antibody production AM-3K antigen 70 & 120 kd Macrophages BDCA-2, BDCA-3, & BDCA-4 antigens ND Dendritic cells Identifies subsets of dendritic cells — 5 4 BENE 17 kd Endothelium “Raft-associated” member of MAL family; 6 interacts with caveolin-1 CMRF-44 ND Dendritic cells Differentiation/activation marker 7, 8 CMRF-56 95 kd Dendritic cells Differentiation/activation marker 7, 8 H47 antigen 100 kd* (120 kd) T cells & most NK cells, B cells, and Involved in T cell activation? 9 New lymphoma marker? 10 monocytes Hal-1 200 kd* (100 kd) T cells, EBV-transformed B-cells, myelomonocytic cells, anaplastic large cell lymphoma LAK1 antigen 120 kd LGL and LAK cells — 11 LAK2 antigen 110 ⫹ 140 kd LGL and LAK cells — 11 NKp80 80 kd dimer NK cells and CD56-positive T cells Novel member of the killer cell lectinlike 12, 13 receptor gene family, encoded by KLRF1 gene; triggers NK cell cytotoxicity VAP-1† 90 kd Endothelium Mediates lymphocyte-endothelial 14, 15 adhesion; has monoamine oxidase activity Wue-1 antigen 94 kd Plasma cells Stimulates growth of plasma cells 16 184 aa B cells TNFR family member; receptor for 17, 18 Identified via gene cloning BCMA‡ TALL-1 and APRIL B7-H2 302 aa Dendritic cells New member of B7 family; binds ICOS on 19 activated T cells CLEC-1 280 aa Dendritic cells Novel C-type lectin-like receptor with 20 cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motif CMRF-35A 224 aa NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and subset of T lymphocytes CMRF-35H 300 aa NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and subset of T lymphocytes CS1 ND NK cells Novel Ig superfamily receptors; CMRF- 21, 22 35H contains 3 cytoplasmic tyrosine based motifs Novel Ig superfamily receptors; CMRF- 21, 22 35H contains 3 cytoplasmic tyrosine based motifs Novel receptor belonging to CD2 subset 23 of Ig superfamily DC-STAMP 470 aa Dendritic cells Novel protein containing 7 putative 24 transmembrane domains EMR3 652 aa Mainly leucocyte restricted. Highest levels on neutrophils, monocytes and Novel EGF-TM7 molecule; interacts with 25 a surface ligand on myeloid cells macrophages Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) ND Endothelial cells, monocytes GPRv53 390 aa Leukocytes G-protein-coupled histamine receptor — 27 26 IRTA1, IRTA2 ND Subpopulations of B cells Homologous to the Fc and inhibitory 28 receptor families M160 1453 aa Macrophages New member of scavenger receptor 29 cysteine-rich superfamily MARCO§ 520 aa Macrophages Class A scavenger receptor; involved in 30, 31 bacterial clearance in vivo TACI 293 aa B cells TNFR family member; receptor for 32 TALL-1 and APRIL TREM-1㛳 ND Neutrophils and subset of monocytes Novel Ig superfamily receptor; triggers 33, 34 neutrophil secretion (eg, IL-8) and degranulation; associates with DAP12 TREM-2㛳 ND Neutrophils and subset of macrophages Novel Ig superfamily receptor; activates macrophages; associates with DAP12 ND indicates not determined. *The nonreduced size; reduced size given in parentheses. †Vascular adhesion protein. ‡B cell maturation factor. §Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure. 㛳Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells. 33, 34 From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org by guest on December 30, 2011. For personal use only. 3880 CORRESPONDENCE extravasation, and the expression of these molecules in common may reflect shared biological processes. It may also be noted that other molecules such as the mucins, thought to be primarily associated with epithelial cells, are now being described on leukocytes. Finally, it remains to be established how the eighth and subsequent HLDA workshops should deal with lineage- or stagerestricted leukocyte molecules that are localized within the cell cytoplasm (or nucleus). Given the importance of many of these molecules in signaling pathways initiated via known surface CD molecules, their identification and study is an inevitable extension of the work of the first seven HLDA workshops. Whether or not a new “intracellular CD” categorization scheme is devised for such molecules, they are of interest for many laboratories studying human hematopoietic cells, and their investigation will be among the aims of the next workshop. David Mason, Pascale André, Armand Bensussan, Chris Buckley, Curt Civin, Edward Clark, Masja de Haas, Sanna Goyert, Martin Hadam, Derek Hart, Václav Hořejšı́, Stefan Meuer, James Morrissey, Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez, Stephen Shaw, David Simmons, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Ellen van der Schoot, Eric Vivier, and Heddy Zola Correspondence: David Y. Mason, LRF Immunodiagnostics Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] References 1. Mason D, et al, eds. Leucocyte Typing VII. Oxford University Press. In press. 2. Shaw S, Turni LA, Katz KS. Protein Reviews on the Web. Available at http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/prow/. Accessed April 2, 2002. 3. André P, Biassoni R, Colonna M, et al. New nomenclature for MHC receptors. Nature Immunol. 2001;2:661. 4. Zeng L, Takeya M, Takahashi K. AM-3K, a novel monoclonal antibody specific for tissue macrophages and its application to pathological investigation. J Pathol. 1996;178:207-214. 5. 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A monoclonal antibody, 3G12, reacts with a novel surface molecule, Hal-1, with high expression in CD30positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol. 1999;106:55-63. 11. Zocchi MR, Poggi A, Mariani S, Gianazza E, Rugarli C. Identification of a new surface molecule expressed by human LGL and LAK cells production of a specific monoclonal antibody and comparison with other NK/LAK markers. Cell Immunol. 1989;124:144-157. 12. Vitale M, Falco M, Castriconi R, et al. Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:233-242. 13. Roda-Navarro P, Arce I, Renedo M, Montgomery K, Kucherlapati R, Fernan- 32. Xia XZ, Treanor J, Senaldi G, et al. TACI is a TRAF-interacting receptor for TALL-1, a tumor necrosis factor family member involved in B cell regulation. J Exp Med. 2000;192:137-143. 33. Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M. Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. J Immunol. 2000;164:4991-4995. 34. Daws MR, Lanier LL, Seaman WE, Ryan JC. Cloning and characterization of a novel mouse myeloid DAP12-associated receptor family. Eur J Immunol. 2001; 31:783-792.