Water Sector of Burkina Faso - Actors and Institutions

! " # $ " % #$ & ' $# $ " ( CONTENT GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 8 2. INSTITUTIONS....................................................................................................... 9 2.1. PUBLIC LAWS AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS ......................................................................9 2.2. POLICY FRAMEWORKS AND RELATED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES ...........................17 3. ACTORS IN THE WATER SECTOR.....................................................................28 3.1. DONOR ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS ................................................28 3.2. NATIONAL AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES CORPORATE ...............................41 3.3. LOCAL ACTORS, ORGANIZATIONS AND TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES ...............................57 3.4. PRIVATE COMPANIES AND CONSULTANTS .....................................................................58 3.4. NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRES AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES.........................................59 4. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................62 5. ANNEXES .............................................................................................................63 5.1A. FUTURE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ..............63 5.1B. FUTUR CADRE INSTITUTIONNEL DE LA GESTION DES RESSOURCES EN EAU (PAGIRE) ..64 5.2. NEW ORGANIGRAMME OF THE MAHRH ......................................................................65 5.3 MAP OF BURKINA FASO ...............................................................................................66 Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 2 General Abbreviations and Acronyms ABAC Burkinabe Association for Community Action ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States ADAE Drinking Water Supply Development Association ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AEP Drinking Water Supply AEPA Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation AEPS Simplified Drinking Water Supply AFD French Development Agency AFVP French Association of Volunteers of Progress ALG Liptako Gourma Authority AMA African Muslim Agency AMVS Valorisation of the Sourou Valley Authority AN National Assembly ANBO African Network of River Basin Organisations APIPAC Professional Association for Private Irrigation and Related Activities ARID Regional Association for Irrigation and Drainage in West and Central Africa ARID-L Small-scale Irrigation Network of ARID ASDI see SIDA BUNASOLS National Soils Bureau CAP CAP Matroukou - Centre Aptitude Professionnelle en Agriculture CEAS Albert Schweitzer Ecological Centre CGB Basin Management Committee CGCT Code Générale de Collectivités Territoriales (Local Community General Code) CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIE Water Information Centre CILSS Interstate Committee to fight against Desertification and Drought in the Sahel CLE Local Water Management Committee CNE National Water Council CNSF Centre National de Semences Forestières CONACILSS National Council for the Interstate Committee to Fight against Desertification and Drought in the Sahel CONEDD National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development COP Conference of Parties CPAT Provincial Committee for the Territory Development Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 3 CRAT Regional Committee for the Territory Development CREPA Regional Centre for Drinking Water and Sanitation CRESA Regional Center for Education in Health and Sanitation CSLP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper CTBV see VBTC CTE Technical Water Committee CVGT Village Land Management Committee DAKUPA Association DAKUPA du Boulgou DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DAEPA Direction of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation DDA Direction of Aquaculture Development DDI Direction of Irrigation Development DEIE Direction of Studies and Information on Water DGIS Directorate-General for International Cooperation DGGR General Direction of Rural Engineering DGAEP General Direction of Drinking Water Supply DGHA General Direction of Agricultural Hydraulics DGIRH General Direction of Hydraulic Resources Inventory DGPV General Direction for Plant Production DGRE General Direction of Water Resources DHPES The Direction of Public Health and Education for Health DGFROP General Direction of Land Tenure and Farmers Organisations DGPSA General Direction of Previsions and agricultural Statistics DGRH General Direction of Fishery DIHA Direction of Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructures DIPAC Development of Private Irrigation and Connected Activities DLSO Direction of Legislation and the Monitoring of Water Resources Management Organisms DOPAIR Direction of Producers Organisations and Rural Institution Support DPAHRH Provincial Direction of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery DPFP Direction of Fishing Promotion DPF Direction of the Promotion of Plants DPVC Direction of Plant Protection and Conditioning DRAHRH Regional Direct of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery DRGER Direction of Regulation and Rural Spaces Management DRS Regional Directions of Health DSA Direction of Agricultural Statistics DSAP Direction of Early Warning Systems Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 4 DVRD Direction of Vulgarization and Research-action EC European Commssion ECOWAS Economic Committee of West Africa States EDM Enfants du Monde EDF European Development Fund FCFA CFA francs FEER Funds for Water and Rural Equipment FONADES National Development and Solidarity Foundation GIRE Integrated Water Resources Management GIS Geographic Information System GTZ Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit (German Organization for Technical Cooperation) GVP GLOWA Volta Program GWP/WAWP Global Water Partnership/West Africa Water Partnership HPIC Heavily Poor Indebted Countries IDR Institut du Développement Rural IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IOTA Installation, Equipment, Works and Activities IRD Institute Recherche pour le Développement IUCN The World Conservation Union IUCN-BRAO World Conservation Union’s Regional Office for Western Africa IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KfW German Credit Institution for Reconstruction (development bank) LPDRD Policy Letter for Decentralized Rural Development LIPDHD Policy Intention Letter for Sustainable Human Development MAEP African Evaluation Mechanism by Peers MAHRH Ministry of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery MATD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation MDG Millennium Development Goal MECAD Ministry of Environment and Life Surrounding MEDEV Ministry of Economic Affairs MEE Ministry of Water and Environment MOB Maîtrise d’Ouvrage de Bagré OCADES Catholic organization for development and solidarity ODE Evangelic Church Development Office ONEA National Drinking Water and Sanitation Office ONPF National Wells and Boreholes Office Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 5 PAGEV Project for Improving Water Governance in the Volta River Basin PAGIRE Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management PANE National Action Plan for the Environment PfWG Programme for Water Governance P.GIRE Programme GIRE PM Prime Minister PME/PMI Promotion of Middle Enterprise and Industries PNBG National Plan for Good Governance PNHP National Policy on Public Hygiene PNGT National Programme for Land Management PPIV Villages Irrigation Scheme Promotion PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RAF Land Reform (Law and Decree) SAGE Waters Development and Management Plan SDAGE Waters Development and Management Master Plan SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SE-CNSA Secrétariat Exécutif du Conseil National de Sécurité Alimentaire SG General Secretariat SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SIE Water Information System SONAGESS National Society for Security Stocks Management SP-CONACILSS Permanent Secretariat for the National Council for the Interstate Committee to Fight against Desertification and Drought in the Sahel SP-CONNED Permanent Secretariat for the National Council for Environment and Sustainable Development SP-CPSA Permanent Secretariat for the Coordination of Sectorial Agriculture Policy SP-PAGIRE Permanent Secretariat for the Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management SP-PAM World Food Programme Permanent Secretariat TOD Decentralization Orientation Texts TOR Term of Reference UICN see IUCN UICN-BRAO see IUCN-BRAO UNCED United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme VBTC Volta Basin Technical Committee VREO Valorization of Water Resources in Western Provinces WANI Water and Nature Initiative Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 6 WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Campaign WB World Bank Group WES Water, Environment and Sanitation Programme of UNICEF WHO World Health Organization WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WSP Water and Sanitation Programme WRC World Resources Commission WRCU Water Resources Coordination Unit Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 7 1. Introduction In the framework of the GLOWA Volta Project (GVP), subproject “Institutional analysis”, actors and institutions in the water sector of Ghana and Burkina Faso, the reform processes and their implications at local level were described and analyzed. Case studies on water reforms and policy implementation processes have been carried out at international, national and local levels. This institutional “map” is one result of the efforts taken within this Subproject. The following document aims at describing the current situation of the water sector in Burkina Faso, legal arrangements/institutions and relevant actors on the basis of Internet research and interviews with experts1. Besides a list of actors (containing spatial and contextual descriptions) and institutions the map reflects the networks, cross-links, interactions and coherences of the actors described. In order to embed the single entities into the political framework of Burkina Faso, policy framework and related development programmes as well as their history and genesis are considered. The results described below are based on research conducted by Eva Youkhana (ZEF), Oliver Korth (ZEF), Birguy Lamizana (CREPA) and Charlotte van der Schaaf (GTZ) in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. The map of Burkina Faso, containing main cities and regions, was designed by Christian Sebaly (ZEF). Thanks to the efforts of our project partners at CIRAD (Bruno Barbier) and Dreyer Foundation (Konrad Viehlhauer) in Burkina Faso the research and the completion of the document could be carried out successfully. It is understood that the results of the research are tentative and have to be updated regularly; also because the restructuring process of the water sector in Burkina Faso is still underway. Please feel free to inform us about objections and critique as well as your suggestions. Thank you! [email protected] Structure of the document: The map describes the institutions (legal instruments, public laws and policy frameworks) related to the water sector in Burkina Faso. This description addresses international programmes and projects, legal instruments and laws (e.g. regulatory commissions or agencies) at national and district levels and strategies for self-regulation and laws at the local level. The map contains all relevant actors in the water sector coarsely categorized in different spatial scales (international, national, regional and local), governmental and non-governmental organizations/actors, Donors, private companies (consultants) and scientific institutes. The descriptions mostly have the following contents, in order to make out contextual categories: o Scale on which the organization/actor/agency operates (international, national, district, local) o Non-governmental organization, scientific institute, private company, consultant o Sub-sector in which the organization/actor/agency functions (agriculture, drinking water supply and sanitation, hydropower, fisheries) o Timeframe of operation (if known) 1 The “institutional map” of Ghana was published recently by Fuest et al. (2005). Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 8 o Main objectives and responsibilities o Contact and coordinates (if known) 2. Institutions There are many different definitions and meanings of the term ‘Institution’ in the history social sciences. E.g.: • “… institutions are the more enduring features of social life … giving ‘solidity’ (to social systems) across time and space …” (Giddens 1984) • “Institutions provide guidelines and resources for acting as well as prohibitions and constraints on action. … Institutions operate at multiple levels of jurisdiction, from the world system to localized interpersonal relationships.” (Scott 2001) • “Institutions are the rules of the game and organizations are the players.” (North 1995) We actually do not limit the understanding of institutions to an established organization or corporation but use a broader framework. Institutions are defined as a social system or an interaction that takes on a fixed or distinctive character. In comparison to customs …”The term ‘institution’ stresses the impersonal factor in social relationship. When we speak of customs we think of the accepted ways in which people do things together, in personal contacts” (Evers 2001). Within the following description of the water sector of Burkina Faso institutions comprise: 1. Public laws and legal instruments. 2. Policy frameworks and related development programmes. Customary laws and local practices have not been considered due to the variety of rules and regulations in different cultural settings, which exist in Burkina Faso. Their description would have overdrawn the scope and the means for this exercise. 2.1. Public Laws and Legal Instruments Built on a number of fundamental texts such as the Constitution and international conventions which set out general principles, the burkinabé water right is based on Law No. 0022001/AN related to the orientation law on water management adopted by the General Assembly on February, 8 2001. In support of these fundamental texts, laws stemming from the Fourth Code promulgated in 1994 and 1997, which tackle water issues directly or indirectly must be underlined. These laws are: (i) the Environmental Law, (ii) the Forestry Law, (iii) the Mining Code and (iv) Code of Public Health. The Land Reform (RAF) and the document on water policy and strategy are also important for the management of water resources because they determine the fundamental principles of national and regional development — the management of urban and rural land and water. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 9 Table 1: Public laws and legal instruments Year Terms and Abbreviations 1991 The Constitution of Burkina Faso adopted on June 2, 1991 Missions and Responsibilities The Constitution of Burkina Faso indicates in Article 145 that: “Wealth and natural resources belong to people. There are utilised for the improvement of people living conditions” (Art. 14) “The right to a safe environment is recognised; the protection, the defence and the promotion of environment is a must for all” (Art. 29) “…The law determines the fundamental principles: o of protection and promotion of the environment; o of the elaboration, execution and monitoring of national development of plans and programmes. “(Art. 101) o “…The law organizes the democratic participation of the populations in the local communities’ free administration.” (Art. 145) 1994 Law No. 023/94/ADP of May 19, 1994 related to the Code of Public Health (Code de la santé publique) This is related to the norms of drinkable and sanitary rules in which any distribution of drinking water must be submitted. With regard to public health, it is forbidden to import toxic wastes and all offenders will be prosecuted. 1996 Law No. 14/96/ADP of May 26, 1996 related to Land Reform (RAF) The RAF dates back to 1984 and was reviewed several times to become the Land Tenure Act. This present law determines the fundamental principles of national and regional development, management of urban and rural land, water regimes, forest, fauna, fisheries, quarrying and mining ores, as well as regulations for real-right property. The RAF in particular has set up Village Land Management Committees (CVGTs). Despite the clarity of the regulations in the RAF, in terms of possession of land, problems linked to the exploitation of land remain deep-rooted. Indeed, this law has a problem of overlapping between traditional rules and modern ones apropos land tenure. The result of this overlapping is non-transparent management of land with great conflict. The Government has undertaken studies which aim to find solutions to this problem and develop a relevant land management policy. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 10 1997 Decree 97-054/PRES/PM/MEF of February 6, 1997 According to Articles 119 and 121 of Decree 97054/PRES/PM/MEF of February 6, 1997 related to the conditions and modalities of application of the RAF, the Water Technical Committee and its permanent secretariat are composed of the general secretary of the ministry department (or representative) in charge of water. Law No. 05/97/ADP of January 30, 1997 (Code de l’environnement) This has a series of measures of unequal importance devoted to pollution prevention. With regard to the fight against water and soil pollution, Articles 48 and 50 of the Environmental Law state that any discharge or waste deposit and all activities which may lead, in a short, mid or long term, to degradation of surface or underground water and soils are to be submitted for special authorization. Law No. 006/97/ADP of January 31, 1997 related to the forest (Code forestier) Part IV, particularly in Chapter I related to aquatic habitat protection measures. Law No. 023/97/II/AN of October 22, 1997 related to the Mining Code (Code minier) Chapter V related to the preservation of the environment mentions “activities linked to prospection, research and exploitation of mineral such as gold, as well as treatment, transport and transformation of these ores must be run so that to insure the preservation and management of environment and the rehabilitation of exploited sites following the norms, conditions and modalities of the rules” (Article 69). Otherwise, Article 70 of the Mining Code makes it obligatory for everyone in possession of a mining permit or quarry exploitation permit to undertake before any intervention in the field an environmental impact assessment accompanied by an environment preservation and management programme. 1998 Texte d’Orientation de la Décentralisation (TOD) (Decentralization Orientation Texts) In agreement with the constitutional foundation of June 1991, the National Assembly in Burkina Faso adopted in August 1998 the Decentralization Orientation Texts in Burkina Faso (TOD) modified in 2001. Law No. 040/98/AN of August 3, 1998 related to decentralization orientation in Burkina Faso; Law No. 041/98/AN of August 6, 1998 related to the organization of territory administration in Burkina Faso; Law No. 042/98/AN of August 6, 1998 related to the organization and running of local communities; Law No. 043/98/AN of August 6, 1998 related to the programming of decentralization implementa- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 11 tion; Law No. 013-2001/AN of July 2, 2001 related to the modification of laws 040/98/AN, 041/98/AN and 043/98/An in the aforementioned and concerned regions. Since the independence of the country, it is without any doubt the most important national reform because it opens to urban and semi-urban areas, to regions and districts, the possibility of acquiring a legal entity of public right different from that of the State, financial autonomy and the right to administrate themselves freely. Article 2 of law No. 040/98/An of August 3, 1998 related to decentralization orientation in Burkina Faso has the following provision: “…decentralization constitutes the basic axis to impulse development and democracy. Decentralization establishes the right for local communities to administrate themselves freely and manage their own matters in order to promote root development and reinforce local government.” Decree No. 98-365/PRES/PM/MEE of September 10, 1998 The document entitled “Policy and strategy related to water” adopted by the Government of Burkina Faso was approved by decree No. 98-365/PRES/PM/MEE of September 10, 1998. It defines the fundamental policy in the field of Water. Institutional mobilization and a coordinated financial approach by the Government, local communities and the users. Integration of the water sector into the general approach of political, social and economic development of the country (decentralization, gender, private sector participation, creation of jobs and revenue). The national water policy which is defined therein opens prospects for sustainable institutional development through: A consulted institutional and financial mobilization of the State, local communities and the users. Sector integration in the overall framework of political, social and economic development ambitions in the country (decentralization, gender issues, private sector development, creation of jobs and incomes). Also to be underlined, in support of national water Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 12 policy: Law No. 14/96/ADP of May 26, 1996 related to land reform; Law No. 006/97/ADP of January 31, 1997 related to the Forest Code; Law No. 023/97/II/AN of October 22, 1997 related to the Mining Code; Law No. 023/94/ADP of May 19, 1994 related to the Code of Public Health. Besides, in the application of national policy, we can note: The existence of the national strategy related to the sanitation sub-sector. Decree No. 2000-514/PRES/PM/MEE of November 3 related to a framework document of the AEP infrastructure management system for reform in rural and semi-urban milieus: o o 2001 Law No. 002-2001/AN related to the orientation law of water management Decree No. 97598/PRES/PM/AGRI/MEE/MRA/MEF of March 3, 2000 related to the adoption of the overall specifications for the management of small hydro-agricultural developments; The implementation of structuring interventions like the IWRM programme, the VREO programme, the AEP infrastructure management system for reform in rural and semi-urban milieus, the Development of Private Irrigation and Connected Activities (DIPAC) and the project for small irrigation promotion. With the promulgation of the orientation law related to water management, Burkina Faso is carrying out an important turning point in its institutional, legal and financial instruments concerning water management. In its conception, this law is not an additional layer simply added to a legislative and statutory set which is already considerable. It characterizes a turning point in the evolution of the national right. It corresponds firstly to a unification and simplification need. Secondly, the law transposes in the national right the international commitments signed by the country. Then, the law contributes to implementing new orientations of water national policy aiming at water resource integrated management. Finally, the orientation law related to water management is also a law of Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 13 clarification and means which must immediately be in keeping with the legal scheduling. The new law is composed of seven chapters dealing with the basic elements below: 1. application subject and range; 2. water administration; 3. water flow; 4. public services’ organization in the water sector and control of its uses for economic purposes; 5. water sector funding; 6. penal provisions; 7. transitional provisions. The orientation law relates to water management, through its provisions concerning water administration, water systems and public services’ organization and the funding of the water sector; it engages the restructuring of the water sector in conformity with the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The implementation of the law related to water management is supported by 30 application decrees which need to be elaborated. Their elaboration will contribute to the effective implementation of this law. To date, 21 decrees have been elaborated and are listed below: Decree No. 2001185/PRES/PM/MEE of May 7, 2001 (JO N°21 2001) This decree fixed the norms for pollutant waste which can be released in air, water and soils. Decree No. 2001- 342 /PRES/PM/MEE The present decree, taken in application of Articles 19, 20 and 23 of Law No. 005 /97/ADP of January 30, 1997 with a bearing on environmental code in Burkina Faso determines the application field, content and procedure relative to environmental impact assessment. 2002 Decree No. 2002539/PRES/PM/MAHRH of November 27, 2002 Setting up the CNE. It fixed the attributions, the composition, the organization and functioning of the CNE. 2003 Decree No. 2003220/PRES/PM/MAHRH of May 6, 2003 (JO N°21 2003 of May 22, 2003 This decree approves the document on the Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PAGIRE) Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 14 Decree No. 2003-265/ PRES/PM/MAHRH of May 27, 2003 Related to the prerogatives of the Minister of Agriculture, Water and Water Resources (MAHRH) in exceptional circumstances. Decree No. 2003-285/ PRES/PM/MAHRH of June 6, 2003 Related to the determination of watersheds and subwatersheds. Decree No. 2003286/PM/PRES/MAHRH of June 9, 2003 Related to the determination of domain of competence of the water resource management structures. Decree No. 2003380/PRES/PM/MAHRH of July 29, 2003 Related to the creation, composition, attributions and functioning of the PAGIRE Steering Committee. Decree No. 2003672/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of December 31, 2003 Related to the approval of TOR for the National Drinking Water and Sanitation Office (ONEA) for the production and distribution of potable water, natural water and for sanitation of urban and semi-urban zones of Burkina Faso. Decree No. 2003066/MAHRH/SG/DGIRH Related to the organization and the functioning of the SP-PAGIRE. 2004 Law No. 055-2004/AN Related to the territorial community of Burkina Faso. Article 103 mentions that “urban and rural district have the following competences”: Give their opinions on the master plan for potable water distribution; Production and distribution of potable water; Realization and management of wells, boreholes and fire hydrants. The regional governments, following this law, can: Give their opinions on the national water supply programmes; Participate in the elaboration of the regional master plan for water supply; Participate in the maintenance and the conservation of rivers; Participate in the realization and maintenance of dams, wells and boreholes. Decree No. 2004-580/ PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of December 15, 2004 Related to domestic water uses. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 15 Decree No. 2004-581/ PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of December 15, 2004 Related to the definition and procedures for delimitation of the water protection perimeter for human consumption. Decree No. 2004582/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of December 15, 2004 Related to the attribution, composition and functioning of the Water Technical Committee; (see CNE). 2005 Decree No. 2005187/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MCE of April 4, 2005 Related to the determination of the rules, facilities, work and activities requiring authorization or declaration. Decree No. 2005188/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MCE of April 4, 2005 Setting up the conditions to enact general rules for technical instructions related to installations, facilities, work and activities requiring authorization or declaration. Decree No. 2005191/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of April 4, 2005 Related to priority use and governmental powers of control and allocation in the case of water shortage. Decree No. 2005192/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of April 4, 2005 Related to the elaboration, approval, implementation and follow-up procedures on the planning and management of water. Decree No. 2005193/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of April 4, 2005 (JO N°16 of April 21, 2005) Related to the procedure of determining the limitations to areas bordering the public domain of water. Decree No. 2005388/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of July 19, 2005. Related to the creation, composition, attribution, organization and functioning of the SP- PAGIRE (permanent secretariat of the PAGIRE). Decree No. 2005480/PRES/PM/MAHRH of September 23, 2005 Related to the creation, attribution, composition and functioning of the inter-services committee for water within the region. Decree No. 2005515/PRES/PM/MAHRH of October 6, 2005 Related to procedures of authorization and declaration for installations, facilities, work and activities. International agreements related to water Burkina Faso has ratified the following Conventions in which water resource management is stated. The country is active in implementing recommendations made during the Conferences of Parties (COP) of these Agreements and has a Coordinating Structure (CONEDD = National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development) which coordinates and follows up on their activities. These Conventions are: Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 16 1. African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources of September 15, 1968. 2. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat of February 2, 1971. 3. Articles 58 and 59 of The Abuja Treaty instituting the African Economic Community of June 3, 1991. 4. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of May 9, 1992. 5. Convention on Biological Diversity of June 5, 1992. 6. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa of June 17, 1994. 2.2. Policy Frameworks and Related Development Programmes Terms and Abbreviations Missions and Responsibilities Code générale de collectivités territoriales (CGCT) General law of the territorial community of 2004. The recent municipalities’ election (February 2006) enabled Burkina Faso to establish 302 mayors. In the process of transfer of competency, there will be 302 conferences on decentralization, 8,900 information workshops in each village. Furthermore, an illustrated guide on the CGCT plus a glossary on decentralization will be edited in French and local languages. (Local Community General Code) Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CSLP) (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) According to Article 18 of the Water Law (No. 002-2001/AN of February, 8 2001) “In the continuation of LIPDHD (see below), the burkinabè authorities have drawn up in 2000, with the support of development partners a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (CSLP / PRSP). Reference and cooperation framework between Burkina and its development partners, CSLP has for ambition to reduce the population poverty level, its vulnerability facing the crises of any nature and the inequality between regions and socio-economic groups.” One strategy of the CSLP is to guarantee access by the poor to basic services. The carrying out of the CSLP is based on programmes organized in four strategic axes for which priority actions are recommended: 1. To accelerate growth and base it on equity. 2. To guarantee access by the poor to basic social services, education, health, drinking water, habitats. 3. To widen job/activity opportunities, generating income for the poor. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 17 4. To promote good governance. The CSLP was adopted by Burkina Faso and approved by international donors in 2000. The first evaluation was carried out in 2002. However, conscious of the limited nature of resources it had to spend and worried about being realistic in its approach to problems, the Government declared its priorities among which was sustainable natural resource management. The review of its initial implementation occurred in 2003 and it included environmental aspects which were insufficiently integrated in the initial version. Since then, the CSLP has been the framework for all plans and programmes in the country. Projet de Développement de l’Irrigation Privée et des Activités Connexes (DIPAC) Started in 1998 with World Bank financial support, this project aims at promoting simple irrigation technologies and their dissemination by involving the private sector. (Development of Private Irrigation and Connected Activities) Component A: Enhancing the Capacities of the Professional Association for Private Irrigation and Related Activities (APIPAC). One of the project objectives is to put in place a sustainable institutional framework which will allow other actors to give support to private irrigation and to connected activities. DIPAC has the following components: Component B: Promotion of new and innovative technology. This component aims to provide various services (irrigation material, access to markets, technical support, land tenure security, etc) to the beneficiaries. Component C: Internal and external monitoring and evaluation systems as well as environmental ones. Component D: Promotion of investment which aims at putting into place a mechanism to guarantee access to credits. Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau (GIRE) In February 2001, the adoption of the “Loi d’orientation relative à la gestion de l’eau” (Law No. 002-2001/AN of February 8, 2001) represents a landmark decision. (Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)) The law aims at Institutionalizing structures in the field of water both at national and basin levels Coordinating the water regime Coordinating utilization and protection of water Setting up financial mechanisms in the water sector The IWRM has been implemented by Burkina Faso since 2003 with good results and important reform in the water sector (see PAGIRE). Lettre d’Intention de Politique de Développement Humain The Policy Intention Letter for Sustainable Human Development (LIPDHD) drawn up in 1995 wants to direct the development focus in the country towards the human security concept. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 18 Durable (LIPDHD) (Policy Intention Letter for Sustainable Human Development) This includes public access to: economic security linked to a remunerative job; health security: access at lower cost to medical care, as well as preventive as well as curative care; food security: access to basic food, including water; environmental security: related to the preservation of a healthy environment; personal and political security. Lettre de Politique de Développement Rural Décentralisé (LPDRD) (Policy Letter for Decentralized Rural Development) The LPDRD is the newest operation strategy for sustainable environmental and natural resource management. It supports the CSLP and the national programme for decentralized rural development. Adopted in 2002, the LPDRD centres its actions on the environment in the “promotion of sustainable and decentralized management of natural, animal and fishery resources by co-management and concession mechanisms, through the creation of development and participatory management plans for forest, water bodies and wildlife protection areas, as well as training organization and empowerment of local communities”. Based on experiences and lessons drawn from the different approaches to implement rural development projects and programmes during the last decades (project approaches, integrated rural development approaches, participatory approaches, etc.) actions related to rural development are today in keeping with local development approaches. The convergence of these different approaches has led to the “decentralized rural development” vision the basic principles of which are stated in the LPDRD. Eight basic principles stated in the LPDRD are the basis for local development or decentralized rural development in Burkina Faso. These principles are: 1. Entire responsibility of the root communities, involving ownership of the investments; this is assured by the recipients themselves, organized in representative structures. 2. The extent of the investments is funded by projects and programmes in order to take into account the recipients’ priority needs. 3. The redefinition of the State’s role. 4. The co-funding of investments. 5. Consultation at different levels in order to limit incoherence and organize complementarity. 6. Flexibility which supposes the adaptation of tools to local specificities. 7. Funding provision. 8. State reform for the effective implementation of decentralization. These principles are being implemented through the decentralization Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 19 process strengthened by the planned election of Mayors in each Municipality. It is expected that more public participation and rural development can be achieved thereafter. Source: http://www.gefweb.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C28/documents/27 1004-25-06Projectdoc-CPPBurkina.pdf. Objective de Développement du Millénaire (Goal 7) (ODM) (Millennium Development Goals) Projet pour Amélioration de la Gouvernance de l’Eau dans le Bassin de la Volta (PAGEV) (Project for Improving Water Governance in the Volta River Basin) One of the 11 MDGs is the reduction of the proportion of people without access to sustainable drinking water supply and sanitation by half. Burkina Faso has addressed this goal with strong commitment and is trying to reach its targets by 2015. Aim: Inter alia, to develop a code of conduct or principles for water governance for the joint management of the Volta Basin. The project commenced with a series of studies on water resources led by the DGIRH and the WRC, on the basis of which the joint management options of the water resources in the basin were defined. Pilot project interventions, in collaboration with the communities on the two sides of the border, have also been in place within the pilot zone in the White Volta Basin. The project is implemented by the DGIRH of Burkina Faso and the WRC of Ghana, under the Water and Nature Initiative (WANI/l’Initiative Eau et Nature) of the World Conservation Union’s Regional Office for Western Africa (IUCN-BRAO) in collaboration with the GWP/WAWP (West Africa Water Partnership). The project is financed by the Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS) – the Dutch cooperation agency and the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA/ASDI). This project is currently being implemented and has undertaken actions on the ground with the objective of raising awareness, sharing information and working with local communities. PAGEV tries to bridge the gap between the two riparian states (Ghana and Burkina Faso) by involving two national water authorities (DGIRH in Burkina Faso and WRC in Ghana), two international organizations (IUCN and GWP/WAWP), two local NGOs (DAKUPA in Burkina and ZOVFA, Zuuri Organic Farmers Association in Ghana), six villages (three in Burkina Faso and three in Ghana). Internet: http://www.iucn.org/places/brao/docs_pdf/projet_pagev.pdf Contact (Coordinateur) : [email protected] Plan d’Action de Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau (PAGIRE) (Law No. 0022001/AN, February, 8 2001) encompasses 2003 to 2015 in two phases from 2003 to 2008 and 2008 to 2015 The Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PAGIRE) is in keeping with the mandate of the water sector in depth re-structuring. The challenge is great and in the proportion of the huge number of actors and interests sometimes diverging, but able to coexist when dealing with the water supply issue which is of vital interest for the country. The overall objective of PAGIRE is to: Contribute to the implementation of integrated water resource management in the country, adapted to the national context in conformity with the orientations defined by the burkinabè Government and respecting the principles acknowledged at the international level in relation to sustainable and ecologically rational management of water re- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 20 (Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management) sources. Its specific objectives are: a) to define and plan the implementation of the future framework for wa- ter resource integrated management; b) to identify specific actions and propose the necessary means for their implementation. The analysis of constraints and assets permit identification of the strategies below which will guide the implementation of the Action Plan and therefore, the setting up of the future framework for water resource management: To privilege the integrated approach in relation to the sectorial approach. To support the disengagement of the State, concerning water production and management of irrigated areas. To propose a scenario with sufficient employees for the progressive restructuring of the public administration of water. To design an efficient and stable management framework in any ministerial configuration. To propose progressive restructuring. Based on these objectives and strategies, the major orientations of the plan have been defined as follows: To define the missions of the State. To set up the National Water Council (CNE) as a structure at the national level established for management of water and associating the State, local communities, the private sector and the civil society in its various components. To build new management spaces on the basis of hydro-graphic basins as appropriate specific subdivisions for water planning and management. To reinforce the intervention capacity of local communities, the private sector and civil society in the area of water. To develop and reinforce human resources. With the prospect of starting this vast set of innovations and changes, specific actions have been foreseen and will constitute the reform structure of the water resource management framework during the next 13 years. These actions are organized in eight fields of action defined as follows: 1. Enabling environment Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 21 2. Water information system 3. Procedures 4. Research/development 5. Human resources 6. Information, education, sensitization, defense 7. Institutional framework 8. Emergency measures ends here The goals provided for in the first phase (2003–2008) of PAGIRE are the subject of detailed action files regrouped in a supporting technical document for PAGIRE implementation and entitled “PAGIRE Action Files”. The plan presents an overall view of the institutional framework of the water sector. This framework is developed at four geographical levels: national level, hydrographic basin level, regional and provincial level, local level. Four categories of actors intervene: public administration (central and devolved), local communities, basin organisms, other actors (users, the private sector, NGOs, etc.). The National Plan of Good Governance. Burkina Faso elaborated its PNBG in 1998 and revised it in 2003. In March 2003, Burkina Faso adhered to MAEP (African Evaluation Mechanism by Peers), which is a (Decree No. 99198/PRES/PM/MFDI good governance tool. This revised action plan (2006–2008) conforms with the MAEP and serves as the basis for the national governance polof June 1999) — icy. This action plan (2006–2008) was adopted in April 2006. The MAEP PNBG held a workshop to launch its activities on June 20, 2006. National Plan of Good Governance Plan National de Bonne Gouvernance Plan d’Action National pour le Environnement (PANE) National Action Plan for the Environment Reviewed in 1994, following the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED), the PANE currently serves as the national Agenda 21 for Burkina Faso. “The National Action Plan for the Environment is based on a national analysis supported by the development partners and fits in the permanent planning and coordination process of interventions for the best management of environmental resources and the improvement of population living.” (PANE 1994) The interest in the PANE approach resides in the crossover between pro- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 22 grammes and frameworks and the support programme which was designed as the horizontal thrust of inter-sectorial activities. The PANE has a very dynamic and multi-sectorial character and takes into account existing programmes and newly proposed initiatives However it has been shown to be too generalized to allow immediate implementation of the environmental policy. Plan Strategic de Amenagement de Ouagadougou (PSAO) Ouagadougou Strategic Sanitation Plan Programme National de Gestion des Terroirs (PNGT) Established in 1992, the National Land Management Programme (PNGT) is a national programme endowed with capacity for organizing land use. The reorganization of land use based on constraints, potentials and roles was implemented through more than 100 land management plans. This was a response to the need to instil awareness of the land’s limitations among the populations in order to direct them towards intensification of agro-pastoral production, in particular the monitoring and organization of migration. (National Programme for Land Management) The second phase of the programme (PNGT 2) has been operational since 2001 and covers the entire country. It is the first phase of the national programme for decentralized rural development (PNDRD), which has an intervention strategy focused on grassroots local development and on increasing empowerment of the local populations. The programme puts special emphasis on soil fertility restoration, soil moisture-enhancing strategies, and prevention of land degradation, desertification and deforestation. People from 8,000 villages are likely beneficiaries. In order to profit from the programme, the villages have to put in place a CVGT (Commission Villageoise de Gestion des Terroirs). The CVGTs have to organize development activities at the village level. Programme for Water Governance (PfWG) The Programme for Water Governance (PfWG) is being implemented by GWP/WAWP and aims to improve the effectiveness of water governance in East and West Africa. Funding for the PfWG is requested from the Intra-ACP Allocation. In the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement 2004, 24 million from the EDF (European Development Fund) were granted to the ACP Group. It was proposed that these resources should be used for a contribution to an ACP-EU Water Facility. The goal of this programme is to promote effective water governance in seven East and West African countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger) so as to improve water resource management and service delivery. The overall purpose of the project is to promote effective water governance in representative nations in two African subregions. The objective of the programme covered in this proposal is the development of a pragmatic Action Plan for the implementation of effective water governance regimes through a consultative dialogue process with stakeholders. Politique Nationale d’Hygiène Publique (PNHP) The National Policy on Public Hygiene (PNHP) approved by the government in March 2003 has four main objectives: Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 23 (National Policy on Public Hygiene) To insure better living conditions. To prevent illness and contamination To maintain a favourable climate for human productivity. To guarantee comfort and an optimum lifestyle. These main objectives are driven by three specific ones: Conjoin general efforts to move forward and change people’s behaviour in the public hygiene domain. Identify and accelerate the development of projects and programmes to submit for funding and optimize the use of best practices and knowhow for experience sharing on the ground. Take institutional, legal and statutory measures to involve all stakeholders in the public hygiene domain. The programme for public hygiene planning must be conducted under the framework of the National Sanitation Plan. Inter-ministerial coordination then becomes a necessity for the promotion, the monitoring and the control of the public hygiene domain. Projet de promotion de la petite irrigation villageoise (PPIV) (Small irrigation scheme promotion at the community level) Réforme du système de gestion des infrastructures hydrauliques d’AEP en milieux rural et semiurbain (Improve the management of drinking water supply infrastructure in rural and semi-urban areas) Launched in 2001 with HPIC funds, the PPIV aims to contribute to the improvement of food security and poverty reduction in rural areas. Practically, local action on small irrigation schemes was undertaken during the dry season campaign (2001–2002), in the whole country to estimate the productivity of food grains and leguminous plants in this period of the year. See also DPPI (Direction de la Promotion de la Petite Irrigation / Promoting Small Irrigation Directorate) which becomes now DDI (Irrigation Development Directorate) This reform has the following objectives: Insure the permanent functioning and durability of potable water distribution facilities. Insure the transfer of competence to the beneficiaries and territorial community in order to maintain potable water distribution facilities. Enhancement of local knowledge. Reduction of state responsibilities. Contribute to the creation of jobs in the water domain. Promote small and medium enterprises and industries (PME/PMI). Promote local development. Insure communication, information and training to actors in the water sector and information to development partners to gain their involvement in the process and in the implementation of water policies at the local level. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 24 This reform is being implemented through the decentralization channel. The directors in charge of AEP put in place a framework for coordination at the national level in May 2005 and have adopted a road map for 2005– 2006. Another framework for coordination has existed since 2004 for NGOs involved in AEP. DGAEP (see actors) undertook a national inventory exercise and developed a database for all existing infrastructures with regard to AEP in February 2006. Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux- SDAGE (ou SAGE) According to Article 31 of the Water Law, these schemes are imposed by administrative authorities so that measures or programmes and decisions made by authorities in the water domain comply with their laws. (Water Development and Management Master Plan) (Law No. 002-2001/AN, Art. 17) Stratégie Nationale du sous secteur assainissement- (Sanitation subsector national strategy) The sanitation sub-sector has three components: Waste water and excreta sanitation management is ensured by the ministry in charge of water and territorial community, the Minister of Agriculture, Water, & Water Resources); Waste management is ensured by the territorial community; Rainwater drainage is ensured by the ministry in charge of civil engineering. This strategy aims to safeguard natural and human habitats, to prevent their degradation and to protect living organisms and goods. Its implementation is based on various principles gathered into four groups: Institutional principles; Financial principles; Technical principles; Social principles. The intervention axes to reach these objectives can be summarized as follows: Involve local authorities in the planning process; Share responsibilities between administration, the private sector, civil society and the local community at the grassroots level; Include sanitation as a component in development projects and pro- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 25 grammes. Within 45 districts, only the districts of Ouagadougou, Bobo Dioulasso, Banfora, Fada N’Gourma, Kaya, Koudougou and Ouahigouya have sanitation schemes with at least a treatment plant for industrial, business and some administrative areas. Valorisation des Ressources en Eau dans l’Ouest (VREO) Programme (Valorisation of Water Resources in Western Provinces) Community-based Rural Development Project, since 2000 — A World Bank Project This program is supported by the European Union in the Mouhoun Basin and by Denmark in the Nakanbé Basin. The main objective is improving capacity and regional and local planning ability for the management and use of water resources in the sub-basin of the west of Burkina Faso, by mobilizing local groups, decentralized organizations and private and public actors. It is a six-year programme (2003–2009) with a budget of 10 million. The Community-Based Rural Development Project (Phase I) started in 2001. It was supposed to initiate the process of improving revenues and living conditions of rural populations in Burkina Faso, particularly those of food crop producers. Goals were to develop the capacity of rural inhabitants to manage sustainable, equitable, and productive development, and to facilitate the emergence of rural municipalities. Project components: 1. Strengthening the technical and organizational capacities of the rural population, through three subcomponents to: raise awareness for participation and encouragement of village regrouping, through communication, promotion and information activities; organize managerial and technical skills through the provision of training to form village, and inter-village land management committees (CVGT/CIVGT); and, provide technical support to community organizations pursuing annual investment plans. 2. Establish a local investment fund for financing CVGT/CIVGT subprojects, and provide resources for provincial structural works. 3. Build institutional capacity through training for local / provincial / regional / national institutions. 4. Improve land tenure through a pilot operation. 5. Support programme coordination, administration and monitoring / evaluation. Project realization: The CBRDP began in October 2001, as a Community Driven Development (CDD) project to enable people to drive their own development at the local level. Initially, the World Bank proposed to only fund 2,000 villages with an IDA credit of US$66.7 million. These 2,000 villages were selected by a technical consultation group made up of government officials and local civil society organizations. The technical group worked with and trained Village Commissions for Territory Management (CVGTs). The CVGTs are elected local village governments, who have the authority Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 26 to manage local development projects and public funds. With the help of the technical group, each CVGT analyzed its own village and produced an official document called the village local development plan. The village local development plan provides a detailed description of the village, its current situation and describes the types of projects that would be most beneficial to the people. Once created, the plan is submitted to a provincial committee made up of local donors and nongovernment organizations. It is then sent to the CBRDP steering committee at the national level for final approval and funding. After approval, villages are given direct funding through a decentralized commercial account. Each CVGT then uses the funds to hire consultants and labourers to build their project. Most of the villages choose projects involving schools, health centres, housing for teachers, literacy centres, land management facilities, reforestation, livestock infrastructure and small dams. The CBRDP has begun preparation for Phase 2. In Phase 2, all 8,000 villages in the country will be covered. (Source: World Bank) Ouagadougou Water Supply project, since March 2001 — A World Bank Project The implementation of the project started in 2001 and it is supposed to end in 2007. The main objective of the project is to increase access to adequate and reliable potable water in Ouagadougou through expansion of distribution and tertiary water networks and improvement of urban water subsector management. More specifically, the project seeks to: (a) increase water supply reliability by developing new storage capacity; (b) increase coverage, by extending secondary and tertiary water distribution networks and by providing connections to low-income households; and (c) promote efficiency, by strengthening the National Office for Water and Sanitation's (ONEA's) capacity while using a Service Contract with an international water operator to manage ONEA's commercial, financial and accounting operations. The project, financed by IDA, is part of a larger programme involving 11 other donors. A dam has been built under the programme and its reservoir of 200 M m3 will provide water to the treatment plant and to Ouagadougou. The IDA-financed project shall support: (a) infrastructure with (i) construction of distribution and tertiary networks and installation of connections and standposts; (ii) construction of the Boudtenga storage facility and transmission main; (b) technical assistance, with supervision of all infrastructure works financed by IDA and other donors under the Ouagadougou Water Supply Program except the dam; Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 27 (c) capacity building, with (i) technical, commercial, administrative and financial management in water utilities’ training; (ii) strengthening ONEA's commercial, accounting and financial operations (through a service contract by an international private operator); and (iii) providing operating investment resources, which will be used by the international private operator to improve ONEA's commercial and financial operations. Source: World Bank, Project Appraisal Document 3. Actors in the water sector Actors comprise individuals, corporate bodies and organizations. In Burkina Faso, there is a wide range of actors involved in the water sector at all levels. Nationally, water tends to cut across the remit of several different government ministries, while donors and multilateral development agencies (World Bank, EU) and bilateral foreign state development agencies from Canada (CIDA), Denmark (DANIDA), France (AFD), Germany (GTZ/KFW), Japan (JICA) also play key roles. Internationally, external finance institutions, UN and other international organizations (e.g. Water Aid, Plan Burkina), and global institutions such as the Global Water Partnership (GWP), all contribute to the development and implementation of water policies and practices. Locally, civil society organizations, private sector companies and local government agencies have also been contributing to the extension of water services and sanitation systems and have been involved in the construction of small dam reservoirs for the rural population. These actors can be distinguished by their principal levels of institutional operation: Donor organizations — bilateral, multilateral, NGOs and international research projects. National corporate bodies. Private companies. Research and scientific institutes. 3.1. Donor organizations and international actors Terms and Abbreviations Missions and Responsibilities Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) ONG ADRA is the world-wide humanitarian agency of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. The NGO was established in November 1956. ADRA International's disaster relief and development programmes are funded with resources received from individuals, governments and the United Nations. ADRA has been based in Burkina Faso since 1989. In Burkina Faso ADRA is active in irrigation, drinking water supply and sanitation in rural areas, especially in the districts of Bazega, Kadiogo,Mouhoun, Seno, Yaga and Komadjari. Telephone: +226 50 36 06 30; e-mail: [email protected] Internet:: http://www.adra.org http://www.chez.com/adraburkina Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 28 Agence Française de Développement (AFD) (French Development Agency) African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) AFD, a public institution, belongs to the French system of Public Development Assistance (APD). Under the aegis of the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of French Overseas Territories. It is active in over 60 countries in Africa, the Pacific region, Asia, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in francophone overseas areas. It has a network of 45 agencies, and offices throughout the world, and carries out its missions on behalf of the State. http://www.afd.fr; AMMA is an international project to improve our knowledge and understanding of the West African Monsoon (WAM) and its variability with an emphasis on daily to interannual timescales. AMMA is motivated by an interest in fundamental scientific issues and by the societal need for improved prediction of the WAM and its impacts on West African nations. The vulnerability of West African societies to climate variability is likely to increase in the next decades because of rapidly growing populations, land degradation and water pollution. Recognizing the societal need to develop strategies that reduce the socio-economic impacts of the variability of the WAM, AMMA’s main aim is to facilitate the multidisciplinary research required to provide improved predictions of the WAM and its impacts by implementing and coordinating projects and realizing capacity building in the region. AMMA is financed by the EU and other donors, inter alia, EIER-ESTHER in Burkina Faso and the African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development (ACMAD). Internet: http://science.amma-international.org African Network of Basin Organisations (ANBO) ANBO is one of the regional networks that belong to the International Network of Basin Organisations (INBO). The idea of creating a world-wide network of basin organizations was launched during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. At the invitation of six French water agencies, the Constitutive Meeting of INBO took place in 1994. Subsequently, several regional networks were established. ANBO was created in Dakar in July 2002. Four main outputs are expected from the creation of these networks: Output 1: Twinning between existing, future or pilot basin organizations. Output 2: Mobilization of professional support capacities in existing basin organizations. Output 3: Synthesis of available knowledge and know-how. Output 4: Aquadoc-Inter — the networking of water documentation systems Internet: http://www.riob.org/friobang.htm Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 29 Association DAKU- DAKUPA stands for help and solidarity in work. The NGO was founded in PA du Boulgou 1983 and is based in Garongo. Membership comprises approximately 1,700 (DAKUPA) people, organized in 31 farmer groups. The goal of DAKUPA is to fight poverty in the rural areas and to stop the exodus of farmers to the cities. In order to achieve this, DAKUPA implements small-scale projects, mostly in the agricultural sector. BP 167 Garongo BURKINA FASO Tel. : (226) 71 07 24 / (226) 36 47 27 Fax : (226) 36 65 33 http://www.ccaeburkina.org/dakupa.html Association des Professionnels de l'Irrigation Privée et des Activités Connexes (APIPAC) (Professional Association for Private Irrigation and Related Activities) Association Française des Volontaires du Progrès (AFVP)- ONG APIPAC, an irrigation smallholders’ association, funded by the World Bank through Burkina Faso’s government, was one of the major outcomes of DIPAC (project for the development of private irrigation and connected activities). It is responsible for on- and off-farm services related to training, technical assistance, technology demonstrations and adoption. APIPAC is based in Ouagadougou and has five regional branches. These regional branches receive and process demands, facilitate intermediation between beneficiaries and service providers and ensure close monitoring and coordination of field operations. Currently, APIPAC is the apex organization for the fruit and vegetable sector. Created in 1963, this organization sends volunteers to developing countries to support civil society. In Burkina Faso, the work of this NGO falls into the following areas: Irrigation. Drinking water for rural areas. Drinking water for semi-urban areas. AFVP has a number of projects especially in Comoé, Houet, Kénédougou, Leraba and Tuy. Internet: http://www.afvp.org/ E-mail: [email protected] Autorité du Liptako-Gourma (ALG) (Liptako Gourma Authority) ALG is an interregional institution for Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. It was created in 1970. It intervenes in the development and implementation of regional programmes mainly related to natural resource management. In the context of the water domain, its interventions concern: Irrigation development. Drinking water supply in rural, semi-urban areas. Management and protection of water resources. The area of intervention is the border region of the three states. Nineteen provinces of Burkina Faso are covered. Telephone: +226 50 30 61 48 Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 30 ARID-L: The Small-scale Irrigation Network of ARID, the Re- gional Association for Irrigation and Drainage in West and Central Africa ARID is a non-profit association. It was established in 1996 to meet the demands of irrigation and drainage professionals, while awaiting the establishment of national committees of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Twenty-three countries that were not represented in the ICID up to then belong to ARID. ARID is supported by FAO, IPTRID and the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT). ARID-L is the network and discussion list on small-scale irrigation set up by ARID. The main purpose of ARID-L is to exchange information and experiences on small-scale irrigation technology and development in West and Central Africa. E-mail is the main means of exchange, but Internet connections are also being developed (website, downloadable archives). ARID-L's main activity is a non commercial e-mail discussion list, with a moderator (mainly to avoid commercial messages) and archiving of mail contributions (accessible from the website or by e-mail upon request). Indicative subjects tackled are low-lift pump schemes, pump sets, peri-urban irrigation, etc. The mailing list can also be used to seek answers to specific questions from peers. A network newsletter produced four times a year (sent by e-mail and available on the website) provides short news items, information on forthcoming events and courses, project updates, new publications and vacancies. Internet: http://www.eieretsher.org/arid/ BIOdiversity Monitoring Transect Analysis in Africa (BIOTA-Africa) BIOTA-Africa is a cooperative, interdisciplinary and integrative research project with contributions from and in Benin, Burkina Faso, Germany, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda, Namibia and South Africa. Initiated in 1999, and at present funded mainly by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the project has developed towards a cooperative network: Since 2003, the goals, structures and activities have been jointly defined by scientists and institutions involved in the countries named above. The project aims at a holistic scientific contribution towards sustainable use and conservation of the biodiversity of the African continent. Goals include: assessment of biodiversity and the casual analysis of its changes: anthropogenic land-use and climate changes; comparison of different ecosystems; transmission of developed knowledge to decisions-makers in all countries involved. BIOTA West Africa consist of 11 subprojects (see also Internet: http://www.biota-africa.de/1024/biota_west_english/structure_west.htm). In Burkina Faso they work together with national research institutes like the University of Ouagadougou, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso (UBP), Institut du Développement Rural (IDR), Institut de l´Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Centre National de Semences Forestières (CNSF), the Dreyer Foundation and others. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 31 Care International This NGO intervenes in the domains of health, water, hygiene and sanitation. Internet: http://www.care.org/ Direction du Développement et de la Coopération (DDC) (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC) Drought in 1973 and 1974 led to the opening of the DDC in 1974 in Ouagadougou. The aim of the DDC is to contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the population, especially the poorest, by giving priority to local development. The approach of the DDC is to work in partnership with local organizations, public and private sectors by ensuring that these groups retain the leadership and ownership of the undertaken development action. In the framework of the support given to rural micro-enterprises, the DDC is supporting the implementation of a pilot project involving a drop-by-drop irrigation system in the north, especially in the province of Yatenga in Koumbri where rainfall is rare. A local micro-enterprise is supervising the farms in this activity. Internet: http://www.ddc-burkina.org/ The Dreyer Foundation The Dreyer Foundation was set up in Munich, Germany in 2001. One objective of this private foundation is to provide, inter alia, development aid. In Burkina Faso, the foundation has established a research station in Dano, province of Ioba, in order to facilitate postgraduate studies in the region. In Dano the foundation is running the following projects: 1. Following the completion of a dam, indigenous species of fish are currently being introduced into the reservoir and irrigation channels. 2. An irrigation system, with canals supplying water to 21.5 hectares of paddy fields below the reservoir and to 12.5 hectares of fruit cultivation above the lake via a well, now enables the local population to grow rice. 3. Targeted training is being employed to teach 165 farmers and fishers how to use the irrigation system and capitalize on the novel opportunities provided by the surplus of water, such as rice-growing and fishbreeding. Source: http://www.dreyerstiftung.de/eng_projekte.html Fondation JeanPaul II pour le Sahel This foundation is an institution of the Catholic church created in 1984 to combat desertification and its causes and to give support to drought victims by helping rural population gain access to water and eradicate hunger. (Jean-Paul II Foundation for the Sahel) This institution gives financial support to community projects on training and to the realization of sustainable and rural development and the poverty alleviation project. In Burkina Faso, it intervenes in drinking water supply in rural areas. Telephone: +226 50 36 49 16 Internet: http://fjp2.zcp.bf/ Comité Inter Etats de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse au Sahel (CILSS) CILSS is an intergovernmental organization comprising nine countries namely Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali , Mauritania, Niger and Senegal. It was created on September 12, 1973 following the major drought of 1968 to 1970. Its present mandate is to invest in research for food security and to combat the effects of drought and desertification for a new Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 32 (Interstate Committee to Fight against Desertification and Drought in the Sahel) ecological equilibrium in the Sahel. CILSS Headquarters is based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; it has two specialized institutions, the AGRHYMET Regional Centre based in Niamey, Niger and the Sahel Institute, based in Bamako, Mali. From a global perspective, participatory as well as multidisciplinary, the institution studies factors (nutritional, ecological and demographic) that hinder both economic growth and sustainable development in the Sahel. It proposes and activates strategies that can control them. CILSS intervenes through six major programmes: 1. Policies and Strategies on Food Security 2. Policy and Strategies of Management of Natural Resources and Combating Desertification 3. Information on Agro-Hydro-Meteorology 4. Training on Agro-Hydro-Meteorology 5. Agro-socio-economic Research 6. Research on Population and Development At the national level, the institution has created a National CILSS Committee (CONACILSS) in each member country, which encompasses the national components of the major programmes, the representatives of technical departments and civil society (NGOs, sponsors, platforms, parliamentarians and elected representatives). CONACILSS maintains a permanent secretariat which coordinates the activities and serves as an interface between the national and the regional components. Internet: http://www.cilss.bf/ or http://www.AGRHYMET.ne Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) From 1999 to 2001 DANIDA supported the National Action Plan for IWRM (PAGIRE). DANIDA intervened in capacity-building activities on integrated water resource management in the former MEE. The project included a national action plan for introducing IWRM through a participatory process. Internet: http://www.um.dk Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) The German Development Cooperation has been operating in Burkina Faso since 1973. Currently, GTZ’s work focuses on the areas of agriculture, decentralization and water. German–Burkina Faso cooperation is promoting the sustainable supply of safe drinking water for undersupplied urban and rural populations. The framework for this is the concept of sustainable integrated water management operating at macro-, meso- and micro-levels, i.e. sectorial policy and legal frameworks, intermediary organizations, users. The thematic priority areas are water supply, wastewater and sewage disposal and water resource management. Regional priority areas in the programme are the southwest (Bobo Dioulasso) and east of the country (Fada N’Gourma) and urban water management. Specific points addressed are: Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 33 Supporting the national water agency ONEA up to completion of the project for water supply in Ouagadougou and Ziga (with investment support from financial cooperation). Supplying the population in urban marginal areas (300,000 people live in the area around the capital Ouagadougou without urban infrastructure). Assisting secondary centres, particularly in the priority provinces (southwest, east). Improving rural water supply in the priority regions in line with resource availability and willingness to pay. Eliminating serious wastewater problems in the country’s cities through financial cooperation and co-financing. Cooperation on documenting water resources, formulating a national water plan, improving conditions and capacity building for implementing institutions. The programme on “Capacity building at ONEA” (the national water agency) is currently being implemented. Indeed, the construction of the infrastructure for drinking water supply is largely being promoted through financial cooperation with KfW Entwicklungsbank (a development bank). Internet: http://www.gtz.de/en/ European Commission (EC) EC aid during the 6th, 7th and 8th EDF (European Development Fund) was concentrated, inter alia, on support for local initiatives on road construction, rural development, water supply in Ouagadougou as well as on improvement in living conditions of the population through water supply (in small towns) and a programme of decentralized cooperation. Under the 9th EDF Burkina Faso was granted 345,7 million. The main ongoing development projects related to water are: Approvisionnement en Eau Potable de Ouagadougou. Assistance Technique à la Direction de l’Hydraulique. Valorisation des Ressources en Eau dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso (VREO). Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/development/body/country/country_home_en.cfm?ci d=bf Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development CIRAD is a French public research centre aiming at improving agronomic research in developing countries through close cooperation with national institutions. CIRAD has permanent staff in 40 developing countries including Burkina Faso and Ghana. CIRAD is involved in water management especially in West Africa. It was leading the “bas-fond“ consortium until recently and is also involved in the GLOWA Volta and AMMA projects. Internet: http://www.cirad.fr Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 34 French Embassy Active in transboundary water management issues in the Volta Basin, in December 2005 the French supported the first Session of the Ministerial Followup Committee (MFC) of the Permanent Framework for Coordination and Monitoring (PFCM) of IWRM in West Africa and the second session of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Internet: http://www.ambafrance-bf.org/ Green Cross Burkina Green Cross Burkina (GCB) is a national environmental NGO subsidiary to Green Cross International (GCI). Green Cross is active in the field of drinking water supply, provision of wells and awareness-raising for hygiene and sanitation. This NGO intervenes especially in the Sahel region. E-mail: [email protected] ; tel: +226 50 34 40 77 Internet: http://gcinwa.newaccess.ch/index.htm Global Water Partnership/ West Africa Water Partnership (GWP/WAWP) The GWP was created in 1996. It is an intergovernmental organization based in Stockholm, Sweden. The GWP is supported by 23 donors including most of the EU member states. This partnership maintains a central secretariat and 12 regional sub-secretariats all over the world. The GWP is a multi-stakeholder process involving governmental agencies, public institutions, private companies, professional and NGOs and multilateral development agencies that aims to promote IWRM principles. The GWP Technical Advisory Committee for West Africa (GWP/WATAC) has established a West African Water Partnership (GWP-WAWP) with membership covering the 16 West African countries. As mentioned earlier, GWP-West Africa facilitated the meeting in January of the Ghana–Burkina Joint Technical Committee on IWRM. In July 2002, GWP/WAWP organized and facilitated the constitutive general assembly of the African Network of River Basin Organisations (ANBO). GWP/WAWP is supporting countries in West Africa in the execution of their IWRM plans generated in Johannesburg during the WSSD. E-mail: [email protected], tel: +226 50 36 62 12 GLOWA Volta Project (GVP) The GVP is an interdisciplinary project led by the Center for Development Research at the University of Bonn. The project aims to support sustainable water resource management in the Volta Basin. The main thrust is the development of a scientifically sound Decision Support System (DSS) that will help authorities and other actors in the water sector in Ghana, Burkina Faso and other riparian countries to optimize water allocation within the basin. The central objective of the GVP is the analysis of the physical and socioeconomic determinants of the hydrological cycle in the Volta Basin in the face of global change. The overall time-frame envisaged is nine years (2000–2009). The project has just entered its third phase. The project is part of the larger GLOWA Program financed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research with additional funding from the Ministry of Science and Research of North Rhine–Westphalia. Internet: http://www.glowa-volta.de Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 35 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) IFPRI's mission is to provide policy solutions that cut hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI is one of 15 food and environmental research organizations supported by the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research). The centres, located around the world, conduct research in partnership with farmers, scientists and policy-makers to help alleviate poverty and increase food security while protecting the natural resource base. They are principally funded through the 58 countries, private foundations and regional and international organizations that constitute the CGIAR. Internet: http://www.ifpri.org/ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) (Research Development Institute) IRD is a French public science and technology research institute under the joint authority of the French ministries in charge of research and overseas development. IRD has three main missions: research, consultancy and training. It conducts scientific programmes contributing to the sustainable development of the countries of the South, with an emphasis on the relationship between humans and the environment. For more than 50 years, this institute has conducted research in the intertropical zone. IRD spearheads research in Africa, the Indian Ocean, Latin America, Asia and in the Pacific. IRD works in 26 countries in the intertropical zone. In Burkina Faso IRD aims at improving scientific cooperation with national research institutes and is involved in different research projects on environment and health. Internet: http://www.ird.bf. International Water Management Institute (IWMI) An international scientific institute; Together with IFPRI, IWMI is carrying out the Challenge Program on Food and Water. One project deals with local approaches to transboundary water management. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA takes a comprehensive approach to solving water resource problems in developing countries by considering such issues as irrigation, flood control and the aquatic environment. JICA builds a bridge between the people of Japan and developing countries and advances international cooperation through the sharing of knowledge and experience. Internet: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/ http://www.waterandfood.org/ In Burkina Faso, the main activity of JICA is technical support in the water sector through the agency's volunteer programme, the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer (JOCV). To organize this programme, the JICA Burkina Faso Office was opened in 1999. Other JICA domains in Burkina Faso are managed by JICA Côte d’Ivoire. Internet: http://www.jica.go.jp/ http://www.jica.go.jp/burkinafaso/french/about.html Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) The German Credit Institution for Reconstruction (KfW) has also been involved in natural resource conservation in the central plateau and water supply in Bam and Sourou provinces via MAHRH. It has financed public works projects Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 36 (German Credit Institution for Reconstruction) designed to increase rural employment opportunities and provided support to the government decentralization process. It has also helped put in place projects aimed at building rural social infrastructure such as health centres and schools. http://www.kfw.de/ Oxfam-Belgique (Oxfam-B) Oxfam Belgium (Solidarity) is a member of Oxfam International. It has intervened in Burkina Faso since 1973. It is active in water and soil conservation and also in natural resource management. This activity concerns three local level organizations: The Fédération Nationale des Groupements Naams, which consists of over 5,000 village groups all over the country; the Fédération Wend-Yam, an organization that emanated from the village group of Kulkinka and is now mainly active in the province of Oubritenga; and the Union des Groupements Villageois Zumbala de Sapouy working in the province of Ziro. Telephone: +226 50 36 39 32 Internet: http://www.oxfamsol.be/fr/country.php3?id_mot=37 Plan International “Be part of it” Plan is a non-religious, non-political, child centred community development organization with staff and volunteers working in over 60 countries in order to help children, families and communities achieve their potential. Plan’s efforts in Burkina Faso focus largely upon providing for the health and well-being of children and their mothers. This includes ensuring that children under the age of five are immunized, protected from disease and receiving appropriate care when needed and the mothers receive access to quality health services, such as pre- and postnatal care. Plan works with children, their families and communities to focus and act on children's habitat needs, from home construction to safe drinking water and waste disposal. Plan intervenes in Bam, Kongoussi, Kaya and Boulsa. http://www.plan-international.org Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) One of the recipients of Swedish support is the regional organization CREPA, which develops techniques for supplying both towns and rural areas with water and sanitation at the lowest possible cost. A joint support package with Denmark is also in the pipeline to help draw up a national action plan for water resource management (PAGIRE). Sweden is also supporting the IUCN (The World Conservation Union) in a program designed to establish the more sustainable use of Burkina Faso’s and Ghana's common water resources. Internet: http://www.sida.se/?d=121&language=en_US Union Mondiale pour la Nature Bureau Régional pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest (IUCNBRAO) (World Conservation Union/West African Regional The World Conservation Union is a world-wide network bringing together 79 states, 112 government agencies, 760 NGOs, 37 affiliates and some 10,000 scientists and experts from 181 countries. In recent years, IUCN has used its convening power to successfully promote initiatives aimed at improving the governance of shared river basins in various parts of the world. IUCN, in collaboration with GWP/WAWP, is carrying out a project called PAGEV (Project for Improving Water Governance in the Volta River Basin). Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 37 Office) E-mail:[email protected]; www.iucn.org/brao United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF carries out its work through eight regional offices and 125 country offices. Its major involvement in water is through the Water, Environment and Sanitation Programme (WES). The WES programme has a number of focus areas: WES, child rights and the global agenda; women and WES; WES for the urban poor; sanitation, hygiene and water and children and the environment. http://www.unicef.org/ http://www.unicef.org/wes/index.html Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Campaign (WASH campaign) Introduced by the WSSCC (Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council) at the International Conference on Freshwater in Bonn, Germany in December 2001, the WASH campaign is a concerted global advocacy effort by members and partners of the Collaborative Council to place sanitation, hygiene and water firmly on the political agenda. The Council is working with governments, parliamentarians, NGOs, community groups and other stakeholders to promote a sanitation target. WASH aims to raise the commitment of political and social leaders towards achieving these goals and effecting the necessary behavioural changes through various information and communication channels, using traditional and mass media, hygiene promotion in schools, training and building local capacity in communications and improving networking and research. There are four key themes on which campaign messages are being developed and targeted at those who can and are willing to effect necessary changes in behaviour, policy and practice: 1. Water, sanitation and hygiene can save lives. 2. Water, hygiene and sanitation for people: Women and children come first. 3. Reforms are critical to improving water and sanitation services for the poor. 4. Water, hygiene and sanitation are entry points for poverty alleviation. In Burkina Faso, the WASH campaign is a concerted effort of CREPA, WAWP, GreenCross, WaterAid, and Eau Vive. Internet: http://www.waternunc.com/gb/W2S2C06_2002.htm Water Aid Water Aid is an international NGO dedicated exclusively to the provision of safe domestic water, sanitation and hygiene education for the world's poorest people. These most basic services are essential to life; without them vulnerable communities are trapped in the stranglehold of disease and poverty. Water Aid works by helping local organizations set up low cost, sustainable projects using appropriate technology that can be managed by the community itself. Water Aid works in both rural and urban areas, and currently has programmes in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 38 It also seeks to influence the policies of other key organizations, such as governments, to secure and protect the right of poor people to safe, affordable water and sanitation services. As a learning organization, it is constantly evolving. An emphasis on research, analysis, evaluation and dissemination is vital to our future. Water Aid in Burkina has been involved in specific action research as the basis for advocacy work and also in the WASH campaign. Internet: http://www.wateraid.org.uk/other/TextOnly/?ContentID=2551&Fontsize=4 World Health Organization (WHO/UNICEF) WHO carried out a Joint Monitoring Programme for drinking water supply and sanitation in Burkina Faso in 2003. Collaboration between WHO and UNICEF has led to a 40% reduction in guinea-worm cases since 1990. Still, Burkina Faso currently has the fourth highest number of guinea worm cases after Sudan, Nigeria and Ghana, accounting for about 3% of the current world total. Contact: Monsieur le Représentant de l'OMS Boîte postale 7019 Ouagadougou 03 Internet: http://www.who.int/countries/bfa/en/ World Bank (WB) The World Banks’ Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) was established with joint funding from the Bank and UNDP. It has a decentralized structure based on five regional offices including West Africa. The WSP’s purpose, together with partners in the government, donor agencies, the private sector and NGOs, is to promote innovative solutions tailored to local needs and conditions. For example: The Saniya Programme was designed as a hygiene promotion programme for Burkina Faso's second city, Bobo-Dioulasso, and was carried out between August 1995 and July 1998. The World Bank also operates a global water and sanitation advisory service, the Water Help Desk. The WB is involved in the production of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). The Water and Sanitation Program-Africa (WSP-AF) assists its client countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda, and Yemen) in meeting the challenges associated with accelerating the implementation of sector reforms and focusing service provision on the poor. Impacts are achieved through support for policy reforms, novel approaches to strategic investments and knowledge generation and sharing. In rural areas, WSP-AF supports new institutional arrangements and works with governments and partners to build local capacity, an element needed for increased service sustainability. More specifically, this support includes demand-based planning, financing mechanisms, maintenance strategies, costrecovery, gender mainstreaming and hygiene and sanitation promotion. In urban and peri-urban areas, WSP-AF supports the formal recognition of frameworks linking small-scale independent providers to utilities, communitybased initiatives, the application of urban sanitation options and the integration of water supply and sanitation services into slum-upgrading programmes. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 39 Internet: http://www.worldbank.org/ http://www.wsp.org/07_Africa.asp Water Resources Coordination Unit (ECOWAS- WRCU) The WRCU is the executive organ of the Permanent Framework for Coordination and Monitoring (PFCM) in the Integrated Water Resources Management process in West Africa. The WRCU is a regional unit located in Ouagadougou. Its main tasks are: To supervise ECOWAS activities in the domain of water management. To coordinate and follow up implementation of the Regional Action Plan on IWRM in West Africa. To make a plea for IWRM to governments, actors in the water sector and financial partners; stimulate their adhesion to the process and encourage their financial contribution. The regional action plan for IWRM in West Africa is the result of a long advisory process started in 1997 by the Government of Burkina Faso and supported by the Government of Denmark. This process involved many actors and was formally approved by the ECOWAS Conference of Heads of State and Government on December 16, 2000 in Bamako. The final version of the regional action plan and the methods for the institutional anchoring of the Permanent Framework for Coordination and Monitoring were validated by the December 2001 ECOWAS Conference of Heads of State and Government in Dakar. The WRCU has undertaken a study to set up a water resource observatory (database) for all ECOWAS states by the end of 2006. http://www.wrcu.ecowas.int/ Comité Technique du Bassin de la Volta (CTBV) (Volta Basin Technical Committee (VBTC) The VBTC was launched in December 2004 by the all riparian countries of the Volta Basin (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo) Mission: Provide for a basis for the installation of the Volta Basin Authority (VBA) by the end of 2006. The VBTC held its first meeting in Ouagadougou on March 14 and 15, 2005, with the participation of all six riparians. This meeting adopted a resolution related to the implementation and monitoring of the activities of the action plan between Africa and the EU for the best management of transboundary watersheds in Africa — the case of the Volta Basin. In December 2005 a MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) was signed by the water ministers of all riparian countries to establish the Volta Basin Authority. In June the draft convention on the declaration of the statutes of the Volta River and the creation of the Volta Basin Authority was validated. The draft convention and the draft statutes were submitted to the ministers in charge of water. Volta Basin Authority (VBA) On July 17, 2006 water resource ministers from Ghana, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Togo signed an agreement in the Togolese capital, Lomé. Its main objective is to harmonize national policies on IWRM in the Basin, the ninth largest basin in Sub-Saharan Africa with a population of about 14 Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 40 million people who depend directly or indirectly on the resources of the river. Before the establishment of the VBA, there were no mechanisms or institutions to spearhead the prudent and sustainable utilization of the water resources of the Basin. The Basin, therefore, remained one of the few transboundary river basins in Africa without a formal institutional and legal arrangement for managing its water resources. Source: http://www.ghananewstoday.com The VBA has already received support from the African Water Facility for its establishment. 3.2. National Agencies, Organizations and Bodies Corporate Terms and Abbreviations Missions and Responsibilities NGOs Africa Muslim Agency (AMA) AMA intervenes in drinking water supply for rural and semiurban areas. Postal address: 1769, Ouagadougou Fax: +226 3-305-264 Association Burkinabé d'Action Communautaire (ABAC) (Burkinabé Association for Community Action) Association pour le Développement des Adductions d'Eau (ADAE) (Drinking Water Supply Development Association) Centre Ecologique Albert Schweitzer (CEAS) (Albert Schweizer Ecological Centre) Eau Vive — Burkina Intervenes in borehole drilling and sanitation programmes in the districts of Kadiogo, Bam, Bazega, Namantenga, Kouritenga and Houet. Tel:+226 50-36-35-02 E-mail: [email protected] ADAE is active in drinking water supply mainly in the south of Burkina in the districts of Comoé, Houet, Kénédougou, Leraba and Tuy. CAES intervenes in the domain of sanitation in rural areas. http://www.ceas-ong.net/ http://www.ceas-ong.net/burkina1.html Created in 1978 under French law, Eau Vive is an international non-profit organization. Eau Vive operates in several countries in Africa, working with the disadvantaged who struggle daily against poverty and want to move forward. Eau Vive also helps villagers to implement their projects and helps them to play an active part in their country's development. Eau Vive provides support, advice and training to help them build their own capacities. Eau Vive brings financial support to complement the funds provided by the villagers, so that their projects can become a reality. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 41 The areas of activity concern the needs of the population: water, health, economic development, education and training. Their work is part of a sustainable vision of development. In the north as well as in the south, Eau Vive participates in the strengthening of civil society by public awareness campaigns, training and exchanges. Eau Vive also collaborates in research on economic and social development methods and strategies. Eau Vive is active in the implementation of wells, boreholes and water supply. Internet: http://www.eau-vive.org/fr/activites/burkinafaso.php Enfants Du Monde (EDM) EDM is active in drinking water supply in rural areas. http://www.edm.org/ http://www.enfantsdumonde.ch/en/ Fondation Nationale pour le Développement et la Solidarité (FONADES) (National Development and Solidarity Foundation) Office de Développement des Eglises Evangeliques (ODE) (Evangelic Church Development Office) FONADES intervenes in rural drinking water supply in many districts within the country. Tel.: 36 37 68 / 36 10 79 Fax: +226 36 10 79 E-mail : [email protected] http://www.abcburkina.net/fonades/fonades.htm Created in 1972. ODE is active in the realization of dams and boreholes in the region of Bale (les), Bougouriba, Kompienga, etc. Tel: +226 50 36-34-60/61 E-mail: [email protected] Organisation Catholique pour le Développement et la Solidarité (OCADES) OCADES is active in the realization of dams, boreholes, wells and ponds at the national level. There are 11 OCADES groups in the whole country. (Catholic Organisation for Development and Solidarity) E-mail: [email protected]; Tel:+226 50370034 SAHEL SOLIDARITE SAHEL SOLIDARITE is a national NGO that was established in 1973 and officially registered (No. 20/IS/DGI/DAF dated May 9, 1979). It was created by an interdenominational group of Muslims, Protestants and Catholics who felt the need to assist destitute communities soon to disappear in the Burkina be Sahel. A non-profit NGO, SAHEL SOLIDARITE has as mandate to contribute to capacity building for peasant farmers and marginalized specific groups so they can manage their own development. This NGO intervenes in the north (Ouahigouya) and the southwest (Bobo Dioulasso) Tel:+226 50-31-02-09 Internet: http://www.sahelsolidarite.bf/ SOS Sahel International SOS-SI is active in the realization and rehabilitation of boreholes, wells, dams, irrigation and capacity building in water Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 42 domains. SOS-SI intervenes in 16 districts within the country. Tel:+226 50-36-69-52 Internet: http://www.sossahel.org State and Governmental Structures Centre National d’Information su l’Eau (CNIEau) (National Water Information Centre) Officially created in 2002 by the DGIRH of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Fishery (MAHRA) the CNIEau includes a Drainage Basins Monitoring Department (DSBH, Direction du Suivi des Bassins Hydrographiques), which belongs to the Information System on Water (SIE Service de l’Information sur l’eau) of the Head Office of Studies and Information on Water (DEIE Etudes et de l’Information sur l’Eau). The mission of CNIEau is: to find, collect and select the documentation on water resources support all relevant and necessary technical and scientific activities related to water assure the distribution of technical and scientific results, the stage of experiments and work in the water sector assure an exchange of information manage the administrative needs assure consultative advice to different actor in the water sector Status of documentation: 12,500 documents (books, reports and technical papers). 20 articles in scientific journals, some delivered free to national and international institutions. 15,000 aerial photographs (from the Paris National Geographic Institute in 1952, 1956, 1958) covering almost the entire national territory). 1/200,000 maps and maps of dams. Video tapes. Direction Générale de l’Inventaire des Ressources Hydrauliques (DGIRH) (General Directorate of the Inven- Source: http://www.eauburkina.bf/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=44 In 1995, after the establishment of the Ministry of the Environment and Water in Burkina Faso, the General Directorate of Hydraulics (DGH), now called the General Directorate for Inventory of Hydraulic Resources (Direction Générale de l’inventaire des Ressources hydrauliques, DGIRH), was Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 43 tory of Hydraulic Resources) formed to organize water-related activities and interventions in the country, and provide overall coordination to the water sector. Furthermore, an inter-sector executive coordination was created at the national, regional, provincial and local levels, to motivate and seek opinions on water development projects at all levels. Its general mission is to assure the development, coordination and application of policies for drinking water supply, water provision for agricultural use and the protection of the national water resources. Direction de la Promotion de la Petite Irrigation (DPPI) (Small Irrigation Promotion Directorate) The creation of DPPI in 2003/2004 reflects the government's intention to capitalize on the experiments now underway, as an alternative means of securing food production and combating hunger in the face of climatic uncertainties. which becomes now DDI (Irrigation Development Directorate) Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau (DGRE) (General Directorate of Water Resources) The mission of the DGRE is to manage water resources in a better way and to put in place an adequate information system. Also, it has to: Realize surface and groundwater inventories and studies for better knowledge of the resources. Monitor the exploitation of water resources. Collect, centralize and dispatch data on water resources within the watershed. Develop legislation and regulation on water resources. Put in place methods to monitor legislation and regulation on water resource exploitation. The DGRE has the following sub-directorates: Directorate of Studies and Information on Water (DEIE). Directorate of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (DAEPA). Directorate of Legislation and the Monitoring of Water Resource Management Organisms (DLSO) The DEIE has to: Develop and optimize networks. Centralize, treat and update data on water resources, water uses and associated ecosystems within the whole watershed. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 44 Ensure data and measures for quality control. Put in place and develop a national information system on water. Provide advice to the various water actors. Conduct research on water issues. The DLSO has the following mission: Promulgate and follow up on the application of laws and regulations on water resources. Provide advice to water resource actors. Support and monitor the establishment and development of financial mechanisms for water resource management. Promote with watershed actors the establishment and monitoring of water resource management structures within the water resource management domain. Support the development and the implementation of the SDAGE and the SAGE. Support the establishment of units responsible for the application of legislation and regulation on water resource exploitation. Support at the regional level the protection and restoration of water resources and associated ecosystems. Undertake any study falling under its mandate. The DAEPA is in charge of the conception and coordination of national water policies and their sectoral implementation (urban, semi-urban, rural and hydro-electric; exploitation, quality control and protection of drinking water). The DAEPA has also the following tasks: Assess and monitor water demands. Put in place an adequate provision and warning system for drinking water supply. Direction Générale des Ressources Halieutiques (DGRH) (General Directorate of Fisheries Resources) The DGRH is in charge of designing, coordinating implementing and following up on the development of fishery resources’ national policy. It has the following tasks: Developing and following up on the implementation of a strategy to disseminate fishery techniques. Providing any assistance through advisory support in the fishery domain. Organizing the control, exploitation and trade of fishery Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 45 products. Enhancing aquatic resources. Developing fishers’ skills. Setting up and applying legislative and statutory bills for the management of fishery resources. Protecting aquatic ecosystems. Under the authority of the Director-General, the DGRH is composed of : The Directorate of Aquaculture Development (DDA) The Directorate of the Fish Sector Promotion (DPFP) Direction Générale du Génie Rural (DGGR) (General Directorate of Agricultural Engineering) The DGGR conceptualizes national water policies and coordinates their implementation and application in the domains of agricultural and pastoral hydrology and the exploitation and protection of water resources for agricultural, pastoral and fisheries production. In this regard, it is in charge of: Conducting all studies aimed at redirecting national policy on agricultural hydrology. Designing, implementing and managing hydrological projects. Ensuring the coordination, supervision and development of water supply for agricultural, pastoral, fisheries and hydro-electric use. Ensuring assessment and follow up on the implementation of irrigated agriculture, hydro-agricultural projects, the necessary infrastructures and equipment as well as their impact on the fight against poverty. Ensuring assessment and follow up on workable, irrigable strategies for land, water and their appropriateness. Promoting the organization of surface water users’ associations and participatory management of irrigation through producers’ organizations and decentralized local collectives. Promoting private investment in the irrigation sector. Preparing hydro-agricultural study plans and related development guides. The General Directorate of Agricultural Engineering is composed of: The Directorate of the Irrigation Development (DDI) and the Directorate of Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructures (DIHA). The DGGR promotes local irrigation in rural areas by imple- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 46 menting projects to boost the use of additional water sources (pumps, small reservoirs etc.) during the dry season for production of cereals to reduce cereal deficits. Regionally it implements the provision of seeds and pumps (and other materials). This initiative was taken by the Minister of Agriculture. Direction provinciale de l’agriculture, de l’hydraulique et des ressources Halieutiques (DPAHRH) (Provincial Agricultural, Hydrological and Fishery Office) Government of Burkina Faso The DPAHRH is in charge of the coordination and implementation of development activities concerning agriculture, hydrology and fisheries at the provincial level but with fewer human and financial resources The government is responsible for: The preparation of policies and strategies in the water sector. Initiatives on laws and regulations and their enforcement. The creation of a favourable legal, economic, financial and fiscal environment. International cooperation policies apropos water. In accordance with article 13 of the orientation law related to water management, the ministry in charge of water is the institutional guarantor of water resource integrated management. As such the ministry makes sure that all the government prerogatives scheduled in the orientation law related to water management are carried out. Under governmental authority, the State central units work out, train and conduct the implementation of actions related to these prerogatives apropos water. In particular the central water administration has the following duties: To develop and implement the national policy as far as water is concerned. To monitor and support the development of international cooperation in the domain of water. To set up and maintain at the national level the information system on water. Legislation and regulation in the domain of water and supervise its enforcement. Elements for the creation of a legal, economic, financial and favourable fiscal environment. To develop and implement a development and reinforcement strategy apropos human resources in the domain of water. State-devolved services will, among other duties: Set up and conduct the information system on water Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 47 (SIE). Ensure the water policy is affected. Inform users on the laws and regulations in force. Follow through laws and enforcement regulations. Record law and regulation breaches. Study application files for authorization and statements of equipment and activities in the domain of water. Monitor and support the activities of the management structures of basins. Provide the required support/advice to local communities and other parties. The various ministries which are involved in water resource management (Agriculture, Hydrology and Fisheries; Territorial Administration; Health; Energy, Mines and Careers; Environment; Infrastructures and Habitat; Animal Resources; Economy and Development; Finances and Budget) work in concert with each other at the level of the Technical Committee of Water. By decree No. 98-365/Pres/PM/MEE taken on September 10, 1998 Burkina Faso adopted a document on water policy and strategy. This seems to be the most important document which defines the national water policy. Ministère de l’Administration territoriale et de la décentralisation (MATD) (Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation) Ministère de l’Agriculture de l’Hydraulique et des Ressources Halieutiques (MAHRH) The MATD intervenes in the water sector by ensuring the supervision of districts and local communities and by monitoring the associations, the NGOs, which are active in the sector. This ministry deals also with the implementation of decentralization policy. This Ministry is composed of eight directorates/subsectors: ✂✁ (Ministry of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery) DGPV : General Directorate for Plant Production (Direction Générale des Productions Végétales) o DPFV: Directorate of the Promotion of Plants o DPVC: Directorate of Plant Protection and Conditioning o DVRD: Directorate of Extension and Research Action ✄☎✁ DGFROP: General Directorate of Land Tenure and Farmers’ Organisations (Direction Générale du Foncier Rural et des Organisations Paysannes) o DRGER: Directorate of Regulation and Rural Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 48 Space Management o DOPAIR: Directorate of Producers’ Organisations and Rural Institution Support ✆✝✁ DGPSA: General Directorate of Agriculture Prevision and Statistics (Direction Générale des Prévisions et des Statistiques Agricoles ) o DSA: Directorate of Agricultural Statistics o DSAP: Directorate of Early Warning Systems ✞✟✁ DGRE: General Directorate of Water Resources Management (Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau ) o DEIE: Directorate of Studies and Information on Water o DAEPA: Directorate of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation o DLSO: Directorate of Legislation and the Monitoring of Water Resource Management Organisms ✠ ✁ DGGR: General Directorate of Rural Engineering (Direction Générale du Génie Rural) o DDI: Directorate of Irrigation Development o DIHA: Directorate of Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructures ✡✝✁ DGRH: General Directorate of Fishery (Direction Générale des Ressources Halieutiques) o DDA: Directorate of Aquaculture Development o DPFP: Directorate of Fishing Promotion ☛ ✁ DRAHRH: Regional Directorate of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery (Directions Régionales de l’Hydraulique et des Ressources Halieutiques) o DPAHRH: Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery ☞✝✁ Linked structures: AMVS, BUNASOLS, FEER, CAP Matroukou (Training Center for agricultural Professional, based in Matroukou (near Bobo Dioulasso), MOB, ONEA, SONAGESS, SP-CONACILSS, SE-CNSA, SP-CPSA, Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 49 SP-PAM, Programme Saaga, independent projects and programmes. The decentralized administration of the water sector is integrated into the 13th Regional Directorate of Agriculture, Hydrology and Fishery. In addition to centralized and decentralized administration, the implementation of national water policy is ensured by the national water agency (ONEA) for drinking water supply and sanitation for towns, and three public institutions: FEER (Rural Equipment and Water Funds), AMVS (Valorisation of the Sourou Valley Authority) and the Bagre Dam Mastery (MOB). Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (MECAD) (Ministry of Environment) Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances (Ministry of Finance and Budget) Ministère des Infrastructures, des transportes et de l’habitat (Ministry of Infrastructures, Transport and Housing) Ministère des Mines, des Carriéres et de l’Energie (Ministry of Mining) Ministère de l’Economie et du Developpement (MEDEV) (Ministry of Economic Affairs) Ministère des Ressources Animales (Ministry for Animal Resources) Ministère de la Santé This Ministry ensures the implementation and the follow up of government environmental and sanitation policy. Thus, it is in charge of regulations regarding forest, fauna and fisheries resources. It is also in charge of the control of the application of these regulations as well as the protection of water in relation to the relevant ministries and local communities. This Ministry ensures the implementation and the follow up of government finance and budget policy. For this reason, it is charged, inter alia, with monitoring the execution of budget policy, negotiation in connection with the relevant ministries for agreements and conventions as well as the development and implementation of the State budget. This Ministry ensures the implementation and the follow up of government policy apropos infrastructures, transport and housing. It thus has responsibility for the realization and the maintenance of energy infrastructures including hydroelectric dams. This Ministry ensures the implementation and the follow up of government policy on mines, careers and energy. For this reason, it is in charge of the control of production, provisioning and distribution of conventional energies in relation to the ministries in charge of the environment and water. MEDEV ensures the implementation and the follow-up of governmental economic and development policy. It is thus in charge of the coherence of sectoral policies with the macroeconomic and PRSP strategies’ framework. This Ministry ensures the implementation and the follow up of government policy on animal resources. For this reason, it is in charge, inter alia, of parcelling out pastoral zones (including water points for cattle watering). The Directorate of Public Health and Education for Health (DHPES) is a technical unit of the Ministry of Health, in Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 50 (Ministry of Health) charge of public health promotion and behaviour favourable to health. The DHPES coordinates regional units called regional Centres for Education in Health and Sanitation (CRESA) under the Regional Directorate of Health (DRS). With regard to drinking water supply, CRESA is in charge of monitoring water quality. Associated Structures Agence de Bassin (Basin Agency) The Basin Agency is the executive organ for water management. Considering the general mission of basin management units, the Basin Agency is a public establishment endowed with legal entity and financial autonomy. The composition, the domain of competence, the structure and the functioning of the Basin Agency are specified by a statute. The Basin Agency has the general mission of technical and economic intervention, of water resource monitoring and supervision of dependant areas and addressing water users and their impact. As such the Basin Agency has the following tasks: Implement SDAGE projects and supervise them. Coordinate the implementation of SDAGE and SAGE. Economic interventions through water users’ financial contributions and support granted to public and private owners. Technical advice (advice, expertise, communication, technical training for owners). Disseminating information to basin water users on water, uses and the natural environment. Support and activities for all the commissions of the basin management committee. Conflict resolution and granting resources. Participation in the management of shared water. Cadre de Concertation Technique Provinciale (CCTP) (Provincial Technical Coordination Framework) Centre régional d’éducation pour la santé et l’assainissement (CRESA) The provincial consultancy board that coordinates all activities implemented within the province, including water projects. Both state representatives and NGOs are members of this committee. There are several meetings each year, chaired by the High Commissioner (Haut Commissaire, who is the provincial head). Decentralised services of the Ministry of Health in charge of education in health and sanitation on local level. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 51 (Regional Centre for Education in Health and Sanitation) Circonscriptions Administratives (District Administration) The District Administrations are territorial administration units representing the government. They monitor services with a view to the execution of respective laws. They also provide public security. Concerning the administrative structure, the federal water services are directly responsible for the respective federal authorities (governors, high commissioners and prefects) in accordance with the provisions of TOD. Thus, the District Administrations have the following fields of responsibility: Supervision of the services of the federal authorities. Registration of documents and monitoring filed construction and work activities (IOTA). Filing of applications for authorization and decisionmaking as regards IOTA. Monitoring the execution of decisions with regard to IOTA. Monitoring the protection of public water resources. Participation in international water management issues. Thus, the heads of the District Administration are supposed to play an important role within the Water Police. The recently introduced Mayors in 302 municipalities will also play an important role in this process. Collectivités Locales (District Authorities) The terms of law No. 041/98/AN concern the organization of Burkina territorial administration; competence is passed on to local communities. In the area of water management they have the following responsibilities: Protection of surface and groundwater resources and fishing grounds. Eradication of water-related diseases and pollution. Disposal of household waste. Examining the degree of industrial pollution in relation to the Environmental Code. Signing agreements with the State or other legal entities for economic development, social, cultural or scientific initiatives. Hygiene education. Water quality control. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 52 Monitoring the production and/or distribution of potable water. Construction of wells, boreholes and fountains. Comment on the provision of potable water. Participate in the maintenance and conservation of watercourses. Conclude planning or program contracts with the government or with other legal entities to strengthen economic, social and cultural development. o At the community level (50 communities), o At the district level (45 districts) o At the regional level (10 regions) The main problem faced by local water committees is the lack of human and financial resources. Comité de Gestion de Bassin (CGB) (Basin Management Committee) The basin management committee is the consultation and decision-making organ with equal representation apropos water management in the basin: It examines and approves the development and management of projects as well as programmes that last several years. It examines and approves financial contributions It is consulted on all envisaged endeavours and developments in the basin, on disputes that could arise among actors in basin water management and more generally on all questions relating to its competence. The basin management committee is composed of the following members: 1. Users’ representatives. 2. Local community representatives. 3. State representatives. The State, local communities and users have the same number of representatives. The composition, structure and the function of the basin management committee are specified in statutory guidelines. The Comité de bassin du Nakanbé has the following tasks: Identification and evaluation of water resources within the basin. Providing operators for the coordinated management of water resources. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 53 Identification, prevention and resolution of possible disputes which might arise apropos sharing water resources with Ghana. Identifying issues on the basin’s water resources and disseminating them to competent authorities. In Burkina Faso, two major rivers (Niger tributaries, Volta River) have Basin committees. The Niger Basin is under the NBA (Niger Basin Authority) and the Volta Basin Authority. But these are transboundary bodies and, at the national level, these entities need to be put in place for each subcatchment. Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de BAGBIN The main objectives of the water management committees are to manage and protect water resources, balance interests and solve conflicts between several water user groups in the district. CREPA supports these committees partly by providing capacity building. In general they are composed of • one chairperson • one pump surveillant (surveillant de pompe) • one secretary or assistant • 2 or more latrine artisans (hygiènistes) • one accountant (mostly women) • one pump artisan (artisan réparateur) other examples: Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de GARGHIN Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de KAMBOINCE Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de PALESGO Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de SAABA Comité de Gestion de points d’eau de YAMTENGA Comité Local de l’Eau (CLE) (Local Water Committee) According to the acuteness of the problems related to the development and management of sub-basins, aquifers, rivers, urban agglomeration and waterworks, local water committees (CLEs) should conform with SDAGE. The composition, structure and function of CLEs are specified by a statute. By 2008, there are plans to establish 21 CLEs throughout the country. Currently there are nine CLEs in place. Conseil National de l’Eau (CNE) Decree No. 2002-539/PRES/PM/MAHRH dated November 27, 2002 determines CNE mandates and manages its com- Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 54 (National Water Council) position, organization and administration. The composition respects the balanced representation principle of the different stakeholders: users, local communities, State. The main objective is to establish consultation between actors in the water sector as a concrete modality of the public sector and collective regulation at the national level. Such a permanent, structured, productive consultation which involves all actors differs from the usual approach which involves the State simply informing the other actors in the water sector of developments. The CNE is therefore an established unit at the national level for consultative water management, involving the State, local communities, the private sector and civil society in its various components. The CNE is consulted on national political thrusts on water, notably the action plan for water resource integrated management, SDAGE, SAGE, the intervention programmes of basin agencies which last several years, essential legislative and statutory laws in the domain of water or having an important effect on water as well as on any other matter in the water domain that will be submitted by the government or which CNE will address. This council supervises via its permanent secretariat (SPPAGIRE, see above). Set up in 2003, the CNE held three meetings in 2004 and two in 2005. These meetings helped to review ten decrees for application, six of them were adopted by the government. Conseil Technique de l’Eau (CTE) (Technical Water Council) This council was created by Decree No. 582/PRES/PM/MAHRH/MFB of December 15, 2004. 2004- According to the terms of article 83 related to law No. 014/96/Adp dated May 26, 1996 concerning land reform (RAF) a technical committee for water has been established that is responsible for proposing fundamental development options apropos water resources; its mandate and composition are determined by the decree. It consists of an administrative body that coordinates the sectoral policies of different ministries. This framework allows the State to have a harmonized perspective on questions related to water within the National Water Council (CNE). Articles 119 to 121 of decree No. 97-054/PRES/PM/MEF concerning the conditions and modalities to enforce law on RAF, determine the composition and the role of the water technical committee and its permanent secretariat. It is composed of ministerial general secretaries (or their representatives) involved in hydrological developments. The CTE held two meetings in December 2005 which helped to set up CTE function rules. Fonds de l’Eau et de l’Equipement Rural (FEER) FEER is a public body and has been active in participatory development action at the local level for more than 30 years. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 55 (Funds for Water and Rural Equipment) FEER supports initiatives for farmers and cattle breeders, which have a market-oriented approach, in order to improve their livelihoods. The mission entrusted to the FEER by government authorities is Fundraising and the management of the funds for the financing of small development projects in the fields of the agropastoralism production, the valorization of the water resources, and the reinforcement of the professional capacities and entrepreunariales of the producers in rural area (see: MAHRH, 2005). FEER was re-structured for better functioning and a new Director was appointed a month ago. Since May 2006, FEER has undertaken a series of sensitization meetings that resulted in establishing district committees for FEER to help select micro-projects at the local level. Tel: +233 50-32-40-51 Hydro-graphic basin management units According to article 18 of the orientation law related to water management a hydro-graphic basin is a suitable location for water resource planning and management. Action within institutionalized basin management units includes: Consultative management of water resources among State enterprises, local communities and users who will contribute to financial interventions. Political thrusts through Water Development and Management (Master) Plans (SDAGE and SAGE). Development programmes that last several years for water-user needs, water quality preservation and rehabilitation, aquatic ecosystem conservation, flood control measures, development of knowledge on water resources and improvement of their management. In this context, basin management units are composed of a basin management committee (CGB), a basin agency (Basin Agency), local water committees (CLE — Comité Local de l’Eau). L'Autorité de Mise en Valeur du Sourou (AMVS) (Sourou Valley Development Authority) Maîtrise d’Ouvrage de Bagré (MOB) (Bagré Dam Mastery) The AMVS was created in 1985 and has had great success in the installation of irrigation schemes. It is a unit attached to the MAHRH. AMVS intervenes in the Sourou valley for rice irrigation. The Bagré irrigation project is located downstream of the Bagré dam, on the left bank of Nakanbé, in the southeast of Burkina Faso. Rice cultivation is the main activity in this irrigated perimeter. Since the mid-1990s Chinese development Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 56 aid has assisted in reclaiming new land for rice production around the dam. This practice has led to new settlement and the displacement of prior inhabitants. (National Water and Sanitation Office) ONEA is under the administrative supervision of DAEPA. ONEA intervenes in the area of sanitation and drinking water supply in urban centres (until 2005 only medium and large towns). ONEA is partly privatized and supported by GTZ and KfW. It manages 41 decentralized centres and 211 simplified drinking water supply systems (AEPS). Office National des Puits et Forages (ONPF) ONPF is active in supplying drinking water in rural areas and intervenes throughout the whole country. Office National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (ONEA) (National Wells and Boreholes Office) Programme Saaga This program was initiated by the water and agriculture ministry to adapt to climate change and rainfall scarcity. With technical and financial support from Morocco, it induces rain via rain-making schemes. Secrétaire Permanent Plan d'Action pour la gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau (SP-PAGIRE) Created by decree No. 2003-380/PRES/PM/MAHRH of July, 29, 2003, this committee was set up in conjunction with the Water Department and under the direction of the Minister for Water. The effective implementation of SP-PAGIRE and all of its organs started in September 2003, but to date, only one-third of the staff are in place. Steering Committee of PAGIRE with a permanent secretariat under the administration of the Cabinet of Ministry 3.3. Local actors, organizations and traditional authorities Terms and Abbreviations Mission and Responsibilities State Administration: Village representative Head of department Head of province Head of region Governor (Head of Region) High Commissioner (Head of Province) Responsible for the coordination of development activities within the region; most important contact person between national and local levels as he is the most senior decision-maker. Responsible for the coordination of development activities within the province. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 57 Prefect (Head of Department) Responsible for the coordination of development activities within the department. Village Chiefs Can decide on activities within their village, including positioning of water pumps etc., access and control at the local level. Village Representative In communities without chieftaincy structures he is the representative of the villagers to external contacts; normally less important in villages with chiefs, or chief delegates. Water Users’ Associations Deal with the distribution of water for irrigation, run by a management committee. Drinking Water Committees Members of villages who use the same water source (water pump etc.). Constellation and functioning are very different from village to village. Fishery Groups Deal with fishing activities, again very diverse in functionality. Commission Villageoise de Gestion de Terroir (CVGT) Not present everywhere in the country, partly introduced by NGOs or the PNGT; very often not functioning as expected; important in the decentralization process because these committees may lead to sustainable management of water infrastructures when they participate in decisionmaking processes and have sufficient capacity. (Villages Land Management Committee) 3.4. Private companies and consultants Since the 1980s, the State, through different forms of delegation, has entrusted communities that receive modern water supply systems with the ownership of these infrastructures. Today, several thousand public drilling operations are underway. The private sector is involved in two ways: Within the formal sector, private actors intervene in peri-urban irrigation, the building of equipment for the mobilization of water resources and autonomous sanitation and supplying goods and services in the frameworks of public contracts (BTP, supply of equipment and after-sales department, engineering). Within the informal sector, private actors intervene in the resale of water in peri-urban districts, the management of household waste and the maintenance and repair of equipment. Terms and Abbreviations Mission and Responsibilities Bureau d’Etudes et de Recherche Appliquée (BERA) Created in 1987, BERA is active in drinking water supply and sanitation in rural and urban centres, irrigation, water resource management. E-mail : [email protected]; tel: +226 50 36 38 28 Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 58 FASO HYDRO - S.A Drinking water supply in rural and semi-urban zones. GEOCONSEIL SARL Irrigation and sanitation. JIRMA Mineral water enterprise. LAAFI Mineral water enterprise. SAHEL CONSULT Drinking water supply and sanitation in rural and urban zones, irrigation, water resource management. Sahelian Agency for Water Environment and Sanitation (SAWES) This private society is active in the domain of water, environment and sanitation. SAWES helps to introduce hand pumps and boreholes in small towns. Projects are currently carried out in Niagho, Mogtedo and Beguedo. E-mail: [email protected] Société d’Etudes et de Réalisation Agricoles (SERA) Irrigation development planning. 3.4. National research centres and scientific institutes Terms and Abbreviations Missions and Responsibilities 2IE (ex EIER-ETSHER) EIER-ETSHER (2IE) is the brainchild of 12 francophone African countries and is embedded in a network of research and training partnerships reaching both north and south. Its function as a regional focal point was recently strengthened by the creation of the African Conference of Higher Education Schools and Applied Sciences, Technology and Art Faculties and Institutes (CGIF). The 2IE is in charge of its executive management and houses its headquarters, as well as the organization and facilitation of numerous international scientific workshops and conferences by its teaching and research fellows. Ecole Inter-Etats d’Ingénieurs de l’Equipement rural (EIER), Ecole Inter-Etats des Techniciens Supérieurs de l’Hydraulique et de l’Equipement Rural (ETSHER) 2IE is an international institution of higher education and research in the fields of water, energy, environment and infrastructure that trains African professionals to work in Africa. Since its creation 35 years ago, 2IE has trained 805 engineers, 1,114 technicians and 787 postgraduate diploma specialists. It also provides short training courses, over 7,000 man days’ activities per year, and engineering services in strong synergy with the private sector. In collaboration with teaching and research institutions of the north and south, such as the polytechnic Federal School of Lausanne (EPFL), IRD and CIRAD, 2IE leads the way in water, energy and environmental research. Together with the Nelson Mandela Institution, 2IE is part of a greater project: the African Institute of Science and Technology. Website: www.eieretsher.org Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 59 Centre de Formation Professionnelle de l’ONEA (CFP/ONEA) This centre is managed by ONEA and is active in the area of capacity building, mainly for its staff. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et technologiques (CNRST) CNRST is in charge of research in Burkina Faso. CNRST’s mission is to: (National Centre of Scientific and Technologic Research) help formulate development and research policies; coordinate national and regional research programmes; develop appropriate technology for various users; evaluate and dispatch research results at the national level. CNRST activities cover various domains: agriculture and environment (animal production, plant production, natural resource management, etc.); health (pharmacopoeia, traditional medicine); society (education, national language, development strategies) applied sciences and technologies (natural substances, energy, agricultural mechanisms, food technology) Centre Régional pour l’Eau Potable et l’Assainissement à Faible Coût (CREPA) (Regional Centre for Low Cost Water Supply and Sanitation) The Regional Centre for Drinking Water and Sanitation at Low Cost (CREPA) is one of the five African centres of the International Training Network (ITN) for Water and Wastes Management established by the World Bank. In Burkina Faso CREPA was established in 1988, where the centre works closely with 2IE. The main objectives of CREPA are to consolidate research results through training, applied research and information. Training activities are particularly aimed at introducing NGO, associations and private firms to the use of participatory approaches in hygiene planning, implementation, follow-up, evaluation and training. Website: http://www.reseaucrepa.org CREPA Head Office : 03 BP 7112 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +226 50 366210 Institut National de l’Environnement et de la Recherche Agronomique (INERA) INERA is one of the four research institutes of CNRST (National Centre of Scientific and Technology Research). INERA is mandated to insure the formulation, execution and coordination of environmental and agricultural research in Burkina Faso. Regarding water management INERA is focused on irrigation, lowland, water harvesting and drought resistance. Website: www.inera.bf Université de Ouagadougou — Centre de Docu- This centre is implementing GUCRE (Management of Water Resource Use Conflicts), a project which deals with research on Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 60 mentation et de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (CEDRES) water management using water as an economic factor. Université de Ouagadougou/UFR/SVT- Laboratoire d’Hydrogéologie et de Chimie de l’Eau The institute conducts research that aims to provide drinking water for rural areas as well in urban and semi-urban centres, by using GIS and geophysics to implement boreholes. The laboratory is also active in capacity building for actors and students. Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 61 4. References 1. BONDE N. & ZOUNGRANA D. (2005) : Extension de la gestion communautaire au Burkina Faso- Etude Institutionnelle. Plan BF, CREPA. 52 pge. Burkina Faso. 2. CNBG (2003) : Rapport D’Evaluation Consolidé du Plan Nationale de Bonne Gouvernance, Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Février 2003. 3. GOBF (1998) : Textes Portant Réorganisation Agraire et Foncière, Burkina Faso, Edition Novembre 1998. 4. GOES (2005): Pre-water audit for the Volta River Basin, West Africa. Concept report for the PAGEV Project and IUCN-BRAO. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, July 2005. 5. IMF (2004): Burkina Faso: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report. Country Report No. 04/78, March 2004 6. MEE (2001) : Ètat des lieux des ressources en eau du Burkina Faso et de leur cadre de gestion, Version Finale, financed by DANIDA, Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Mai 2001. 7. MEE (2002) : Plan d’action de L’eau, Vision provisoire, financed by DANIDA, Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, January 2002 8. MAHRH (2003) : Plan d’Action pour la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau du Burkina Faso, Version Finale, Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Fevrier 2003. 9. MAHRH, DGAEP (2005a) : Programme d’Application de la Réforme du Système de Gestion des Infrastructures Hydrauliques d’AEP en Milieu Rural et Semi-Urbain. Analyse du Contexte de l’AEP dans L’Optique de la Mise en CEURE du Programme. Proposition d’Actions, financed by French Development Agency (AFD), June 2005. 10. MAHRH, DGAEP (2005b) : Implications de l’évolution récente du processus de décentralisation. Pour le sous-secteur potable et assainissement. Rapport Final du Grütjen, K. Ouagadougou, Novembre 2005. 11. PANE – Ministère de l’Environnement et du Tourisme- Secretariat Permanent du Plan d’Action National pour l’Environnement. Tome 1 ( 2ème édition), 1994- Burkina Faso 12. ONEA (2002): Projet d’Alimentation en Eau de la Ville de Ouagadougou a Partir de Ziga. Fiche Synthétique de Présentation, Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, November 2002. 13. ONEA (2005) : Programme Eau et Assainissement dans les Petites et Moyennes villes situées dans le Bassin du Mouhoun région du Sud-ouest et les Regiones Limitrophes, Version finale accordée avec l’ONEA et la KFW, Agent de Recrutement : Hansen, U.A., Ingénieur Conseil, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Novembre 2005. 14. UICN 2004. La gouvernance de l’eau en Afrique de l’Ouest: aspects juridique et institutionnels – Water Governance in West Africa: Legal and Institutional Aspects. Droit et politique de l’environnement, nr. 50, 2004. 15. VALFREY B. & DIALLO M. 2004. Etat des lieux et perspectives pour l’eau et l’assainissement. Livre bleu, l’eau, la vie, le développement humain- SIE, AFD, EauVive, Programme Solidarité-Eau, Saur International, GRAE. Burkina Faso, 42 p. 16. WORLD BANK (2002): Country Report Burkina Faso. Final Draft. [Month, Day], 2001 August 2, 2001 January 29, 2001 Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 62 [Month, Day], 2001 August 2, 2001 5. Annexes 5.1a. Future institutional framework of water resources management Source: MAHRH, 2003. Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PAGIRE) Future institutional framework of water resources management Categories of actors Geographic level of intervention Local communities Public administration Basin organizations Other actors Water National Council National consultation body GOVERNMENT: Sovereignty missions Department in charge of water Other Departments Department of Territory Administration Water technical Committee Interministerial coordination body Water interservice Coordination framework Basin Agencies Executive bodies Regions Regions Laws and regulations enforcement Devolved services Devolved services Sovereignty missions SDAGE SAGE Assistance Administrative sub-subdivisions Administrative hierarchy Regional Provincial level Local level Administrative bodies Technical hierarchy Basin level Technical hierarchy Basin management committees Equipment Provinces Provinces Laws and regulations enforcement Equipement Communes Laws and regulations enforcement Equipment Water local committees Users of water resources (public or private) users associations, customary authorities, consumers groups, environment defense organizations, education and research institutes, firms, planning offices, NGOs, etc National level SAGE Hierachical relationship Representation in CNE Representationin CB Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 63 5.1b. Futur cadre institutionnel de la gestion des ressources en eau (PAGIRE) Source: MAHRH, 2003.Plan d’Action pour la Gestion intégrée des Ressources en Eau (PAGIRE) Futur cadre institutionnel de la gestion des ressources en eau Catégories Niveau d’acteurs Géographique d’intervention Collectivités locales Administration publique Organismes de bassin Autres acteurs Conseil National de l’Eau (CNE) Organe de concertation nationale GOUVERNEMENT: Missions de souveraineté Département chargé de l’Eau Autres Départements Département de l’Administration Territoriale Comité Technique de l’Eau Organe de coordination interministérielle Cadre de coordination Inter-service de l’eau Niveau régional / provincial Hiérarchie technique Niveau du bassin Hiérarchie technique Comités de Gestion de Bassin (CGB) Organes d’administration Agences de bassin Organes d’exécution Hiérarchie administrative Services déconcentrés autres départem. Missions de souveraineté Niveau local Régions Régions Application des lois et règlements Services déconcentrés chargés de l’eau SDAGE SAGE aides Circonscriptions Administratives Maîtrise d’ouvrage Provinces Provinces Application des lois et règlements Maîtrise d’ouvrage Communes Application des lois et règlements Maîtrise d’ouvrage Comités locaux de l’eau Usagers des ressources en eau (publics ou privés), associations d’usagers, Autorités coutumières, groupements de consommateurs, organismes de défense de l’environnement, instituts d’enseignement et de recherche, entreprises, bureaux d’études, ONG, etc… Niveau national SAGE Relations hiérarchiques Représentation au CNE Représentation aux CGB Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 64 5.2. New organigramme of the MAHRH Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 65 5.3 Map of Burkina Faso Actors and institutions in the water sector of Burkina Faso, ZEF – GVP, June 2006 66