Ageing, Organisations and Management

Ageing, Organisations and Management Iiris Aaltio • Albert J. Mills Jean Helms Mills Editors Ageing, Organisations and Management Constructive Discourses and Critical Perspectives Editors Iiris Aaltio University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland Albert J. Mills Sobey School of Business Saint Mary’s University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Jean Helms Mills Sobey School of Business Saint Mary’s University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ISBN 978-3-319-58812-4 ISBN 978-3-319-58813-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58813-1 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947340 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Section 1 Introduction 1 Introduction: Why to Study Ageing in Organisations? Iiris Aaltio, Albert J. Mills, and Jean Helms Mills The Decisions and Contours of the Book References Section 2 Age in Discourse and Myth 2 We the Inuit: Fluid Notions of Age and Non-corporeal Actants Shelley T. Price, Christopher M. Hartt, Anthony R. Yue, and Gretchen G. Pohlkamp Introduction Understanding the Elder Theoretical Base Analysis Conclusion References 1 3 7 13 17 19 19 20 23 24 34 36 v vi Contents 3 Reifying Age-Related Employment Problems Through the Constructions of the “Problematic” Older and Younger Worker Cara Lynn Scheuer and Albert J. Mills Introduction The Older and Younger Worker Discourse and Power Method Analysis Discussion Conclusion References 4 Ageing, Gender and Leadership: A Study Based on Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings Iiris Aaltio Introduction Gender, Age and Identity in Organizations Gender, Ageing, and Leadership Myth, Films, and Identification The Films and the Characters in The Lord of the Rings Conclusions and Discussion References Section 3 Age as Career 5 Late Career and Retirement in the Context of Changing Careers Hanna Salminen and Monika von Bonsdorff Introduction From Traditional to New Career Models Conclusion References 41 41 42 43 44 47 56 59 60 65 65 67 68 70 73 80 81 87 89 89 91 103 107 Contents 6 Talent Management and Older Workers: Later Life Career Development Suzanne L. Cook and Victoria Rougette Older Workers Talent Management in Organizations Discussion Conclusions References 7 Age Management in Organizations: The Perspective of Middle-Aged Employees Pia Heilmann Introduction Theoretical Framework Research Design Results Discussion Conclusions Limitations References Section 4 Age and Gender at the Intersections of Organising and Managing 8 Age in the City: Embodied Ageing in Financial Services Leanne Cutcher and Kathleen Riach Introduction The Ageing Male Body at Work Ageing Masculinities in the Financial Services Material Moments Subverting Ageing Assumptions The Autonomous Ageing Body Conclusion References vii 113 115 123 130 133 133 141 141 143 146 147 151 152 154 154 159 161 161 164 167 169 171 173 175 177 viii Contents 9 Old Age as a Market Advantage: The Example of Staffing Agencies in Sweden Elisabet Cedersund, Gunilla Rapp, Carin Holmquist, and Elisabeth Sundin Introduction, Aim, and Concepts The Labor Market, Age, and Gender in Sweden Staffing Agencies, Age, and Gender in Sweden Entrepreneurship, Self-Employment, Age, and Gender in Sweden Staffing Agencies with Senior Co-workers, an Empirical Study Staffing Agencies with Older Co-workers: Survey Results Age as an Argument Used by the Staffing Agencies Discussion and Conclusions References 10 Reconciling Employment and Caregiving: Good Workplace Practices and Arrangements Kaisa Kauppinen and Mia Silfver-Kuhalampi Introduction Previous Research on Combining Employment and Care Giving Purpose of the Chapter Methodology and Participants in the Study Results on Flexible Workplace Practices and Arrangements Modifications at Work Empathy and Support at Work Conclusion and Discussion References 11 Career, Care, and Time: Female Top Managers in the Intersections of Age, Gender, and Work–Family Marjut Jyrkinen, Charlotta Niemistö, and Jeff Hearn Introduction Method Care, Careers, and Age 183 183 184 187 189 192 197 199 201 205 211 211 213 215 215 216 218 220 223 225 229 229 233 235 Contents Time, Work, and ‘Non-work Life’ Discussion References Section 5 Age at the Boundaries 12 Opportunity- and Necessity-Driven Self-Employment Among Older People in Finland Hannu Tervo and Mika Haapanen Introduction Push and Pull Motivations Among Older People Data and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusion References 13 The Older as Entrepreneurs: A Diversified Group—Illustrated Through Entrepreneurship in Technical Consultancy and Artistic and Literary Work Martin Klinthäll and Elisabeth Sundin Introduction Age and Ageism Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Diversity and Similarities Empirically Illustrated Through Two Sectors Concluding Discussion References Section 6 Age in Transition 14 Intergenerational Interaction and the Benefits of Ageing Employees in a Nursing Home Kristiina Niemi-Kaija Introduction ix 240 244 247 253 255 255 258 261 263 269 272 277 277 278 281 285 295 297 301 303 303 x Contents Aesthetics and Storytelling Stories as Research Data, and the Method for Analysis Employee Constructions of Work in Terms of Aesthetics Discussion References 15 Reconceptualising Work-Retirement Transitions: Critiques of the New Retirement and Bridge Employment Catherine Earl and Philip Taylor Introduction Critiquing the New Retirement What Is Bridge Employment and Who Does It? Critiquing Bridge Employment Conclusions References Index 305 307 309 315 318 323 323 325 329 334 338 340 345 Notes on Contributors Iiris Aaltio is Professor of Management at the Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Finland. She holds adjunct professorships in Aalto University, University of Turku and University of Lappland. She has organized workshops on culture, diversity, and gender of organizations at the European Institute of Advanced Studies in Management since 2004, most recently focusing on ageing questions of work life and management. She is a board member of several journals and an author, editor, and co-editor of a variety of academic books, edited collections, and special issues. Her work has recently been published in academic journals including International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, and Leadership & Organization Development. Albert J. Mills is Professor of Management and Director of the Sobey PhD (Management) at Saint Mary’s University (Canada). He is also an 02 Professor of Innovation at the University of Eastern Finland. Albert is the author of over 40 books and special issues, including the recently published Absent Aviators: Gender Issues in Aviation (2014); the Routledge Companion to Critical Management Studies (2015): the Oxford Handbook of Diversity in Organizations (2016), and Insights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures (2017). He is currently the co-chair of the International Board for Critical Management Studies and the co-editor of the international journal Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management. xi xii Notes on Contributors Jean Helms Mills is Professor of Management in the Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary’s University, Canada, Docent at Jyväskylä University School of Business, Finland and has been a Senior Research Fellow at Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, since 2008. Jean has presented her work on historiography, critical sense-making, gender, culture, and change at numerous conferences and published in various journals. Currently, she is co- editor of Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management and associate editor for Gender, Work and Organization. She is past divisional co-chair of the Critical Management Studies Division of The Academy of Management. List of Figures Fig. 7.1 Age management practices that impact on career extension Fig. 13.1 Number of self-employed persons in technical consultancy and in artistic and literary work, by age in Sweden 2010; ages 55–75 Fig. 13.2 Number new entrepreneurs in technical consultancy by age and sex, ages 55–75, Sweden 2004–2010 Fig. 13.3 Number new entrepreneurs in artistic and literary work, by age and sex, ages 55–75, Sweden 2004–2010 Fig. 13.4 Mean disposable income, ages 55–65 and 66–75, men and women in technical consultancy and in artistic and literary work. Sweden 2004–2010 (Note: The bold black line indicates mean disposable income for all Swedish residents aged 55–75. The bold grey line indicates mean disposable income for all self-employed Swedish residents aged 55–75) 153 287 289 289 292 xiii List of Tables Table 3.1 Table 5.1 Table 6.1 Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 10.1 Table 11.1 Table 12.1 Table 12.2 Table 12.3 Table 13.1 Index terms/concepts and keywords searched within textbooks Examples of studies related to changing careers and retirement Labor force participation of individuals age 55 and older, 2011–2015 (in thousands, rounded to the nearest hundred) Staffing agencies offering senior workforce, 2013 Staffing agencies offering senior workforce. Examples of pictures from home page presentations, 2013 Modifications at work Interviewees The means of the variables for the three clusters Multinomial logit model for the determinants of belonging to one of the clusters Opportunity-driven self-employment at older ages: hypotheses and summary of findings Former industry of employment or self-employment among new entrepreneurs in technical consultancy (year before start-up). Top ten industries by number of persons becoming self-employed in technical consultancy in Sweden 2004–2010, ages 55–75 46 94 116 194 196 219 234 264 267 269 290 xv xvi List of Tables Table 13.2 Former industry of employment or self-employment among new entrepreneurs in artistic and literary work (year before start-up). Top ten industries by number of persons becoming self-employed in artistic and literary work in Sweden 2004–2010, ages 55–75 291