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2024, Éditions La Dondaine, Medium.com
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Robert Eisenman is an adventurer who goes around and finds treasures in caves. His specialty is the scrolls in old Hebrew he found in the caves around the Dead Sea, the famous Dead Sea Scrolls, and today it is accepted that they must have been written and deposited in these caves in the late half of the first century BCE and the first half, a little bit more probably, of the first century AD. The Teacher of this group seemed to be James, Jesus’s own brother, who was assassinated by the High Priest of the Temple in Jerusalem in the most horrible way you could imagine. He was thrown over the walls and obliged to undress completely, which is unacceptable in Jewish ethics. Then he had to dig his own vertical tomb, was set in it, the head over the ground, buried up to the neck, and then stoned and abandoned to die of thirst. These documents show a perfect continuity with the Old Testament, which is not surprising, but also with the New Testament and the Gospels, which proves the continuity between Judaism and Christianity. For me, the most surprising element is the presence, and very well developed what’s more, of the zealot ideology, a dogmatic vision of what Jews are supposed to be, absolutely dominated by and submissive to the Torah. Total fundamentalism that goes along with the elimination of those who are not perfect Jews, who are not even Jews at all like the Gentiles and the Arabs. This zealot ideology is very present in Islam, but it is also present in Judaism and even if in more subtle words in the modern world in Christianity. The three Abrahamic religions have inherited this from the old Torah tradition and the three religions have integrated it into their general preaching. A phenomenal piece of heritage that gives you cold shivers along your spine. We can really be worried about this, about the future of our world.
With its relatively small size, between 7 to 10 hectares, Kunara is organized as a city from the Bronze age period. It is located on the Upper Tanjaro and displays a continuous occupation from at least the end of the third millennium till the beginning of the second. It is argued that this area could have been part of the Land of Lullubum. Before excavation, a geophysical survey was undertaken which revealed a monumental building more than 60 m long and 30 m wide. Three areas were opened, one on the upper town, area A, a stratigraphical trench and two on the lower town, areas B and C. Remains of three main levels were excavated. Among the amazing discoveries, we must stress the presence of two monumental buildings and of sophisticated building techniques. A first analysis of the pottery points to a quite homogeneous assemblage including a number of parallels with sites from the Diyala and from south Mesopotamia. As for the small finds, apart from stone tools, flints, grinders, buffers, we also found several bronze pins and needles, a carnelian bead and a cylinder seal. From a chronological point of view, these data find some parallels with other sites from the Akkadian, Ur III or Isin Larsa periods.
Revue d'études asiatiques, 2012
Who are the Pathans? What is the Ethnic Origin of the Panthim? Are they really of Jewish background? What is behind this legend? This article tries to get to the bottom of these questions
The linen-cloths from the Qumân Caves were sometimes dyed with true indigo. Very little was knon in Antiquity about the "indicum", the "Indian thing", imported from foreign countries, far away from the Mediterranean wold.The question is thus: where does this rare and costly dye come from, as the dye occurs between spinning and weaving, the indifo on Quran textiles seems to have been proceesed in a nearby workshop. We suggest that the Aïn Feshkha "industrial complex that R. de Vaux could not assign to any production (except preparation of leather for the so-called scriptorium) could have been that workshop of indigo-dyers.
Judaïsme Ancien / Ancient Judaïsm 3 (2015), p. 15-63.
The Qumran Essenes are “sons of Zadok”, so they sport the same name as the Sadducees, in spite of obvious differences. An assessment of some texts (Ben Sira, legal DSS, Josephus) allows us to suggest that they are the two faces of the same coin, of Egyptian origin and with the same calendar: both endeavored to renew the authority of Scripture in the second half of the 2nd cent. BC. First the Sadducees, a Judean movement, strove to challenge the popular Pharisean traditions, of Babylonian origin and faithful to the lunar calendar; a major Qumran document is connected with them (4 QMMT). Then came the Essenes, who kept a local an-gelology and imported from Egypt a way of life that can be termed Pythagorean, broadly speaking; this led them, with the belief in the immortality of souls, to reshape Biblical escha-tology. They took Zadok as an eponym, because he was the high priest who according to tra-dition revealed to David the written Law (Torah), which was hidden in the Ark since the death of Eleazar and Joshua.
Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes …, 2009
RB 114 (2007), p. 208-236.
After crossing the Jordan river and renewing the Covenant, Joshua celebrated Passover at Gilgal ; then the manna ceased and the Israelites began to eat the produce of the Promised Land (Jos 5,2-12). This narrative provides a literary pattern for the entrance into the divine world, on earth or in heaven. It helps explain the strange position of the Qumran site as an Essene settlement, the crowds around John the Baptizer in the wilderness, and Jesus’ public life, from the Jordan to the Last Supper, which concentrates all the features of Joshua’s Passover, including his very name Iesous “God saves”.
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