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2002, AIP Conference Proceedings
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This study investigates the transverse velocity scaling in Au+Au midrapidity emissions during collisions at intermediate energies (40-150 A MeV). Utilizing data from the INDRA Campaign at GSI, it analyzes the distribution and characteristics of midrapidity fragments, highlighting the effects of centrality and bombarding energy on the resulting spectra. Key findings suggest varying scaling behaviors in peripheral versus central collisions, with implications for understanding reaction scenarios and the role of flow dynamics in particle emissions.
Physical Review C, 1993
Nuclear Physics A, 1992
Physical Review Letters, 2002
J. Phys. G 17 (1991) 1415, 1991
Analyses of experimental data point out the existence of two well separated velocity spectra for collisions of heavy ions at intermediate impact parameters, In particular the "Ar + I9'Au(35 MeV U-') and 'Ar + '"Ag(60 MeV U-') reactions are investigated. Within the hypthesis of a two-body fragmentation of the projectile in the target field, a three-body dynamic model is used. It allows us to associate the low velocity peak with the projectile part which has grazed the target and has been slowed down by the target field while the high velocity fragment corresponds to the outer remainder part which escapes almost freely. This model quantitatively reproduces the mean position of the energy spectra, the transferred linear momentum and the multiplicity of the detected light particles.
Nucl. Phys. A 466 139, 1987
The two-body fragmentation of the projectile in the target field is described within a three-body dynamic model. Four types of reaction emerge: fusion at low energies and low impact parameters b, elastic and inelastic reactions at high b and two types of fragmentation in peripheral collisions. For high b the two projectile parts are emitted while for low 6 one fragment fuses with the target and only the other one can be detected. In the first case the part which has grazed the target has been strongly slackened and has a velocity of 0.7 V beam for small emission angles to 0.5 V beam for large angles. It might be a contribution to the relaxed fragment events detected at intermediate angles. In agreement with experimental data, the b2 window for this kind of fragmentation is very narrow for heavy quasi-projectiles and widens with decreasing masses. This model allows to reproduce semi-quantitatively the mass distribution of the quasi-projectiles, the position of the maximum in the one-and two-peak energy spectra and the relative importance of the two types of fragmentation.
Physics Letters B, 2003
Au on 197 Au at incident energies between 40 and 150 MeV per nucleon have been measured with the 4π multidetector INDRA. The maximum of the fragment production is located near mid-rapidity at the lower energies and moves gradually towards the projectile and target rapidities as the energy is increased. Schematic calculations within an extended Goldhaber model suggest that the observed cross-section distributions and their evolution with energy are predominantly the result of the clustering requirement for the emerging fragments and of their Coulomb repulsion from the projectile and target residues. The quantitative comparison with transverse energy spectra and fragment charge distributions emphasizes the role of hard scattered nucleons in the fragmentation process. PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.40.Sc
Physical Review C, 2007
Light charged particles emitted at about 90 • in the frame of the projectile-like fragment in semiperipheral collisions of 93 Nb+ 93 Nb at 38A MeV give evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of two different production mechanisms. This is demonstrated by differences in the kinetic energy spectra and in the isotopic composition of the particles. The emission with a softer kinetic energy spectrum and a low N/Z ratio for the hydrogen isotopes is attributed to an evaporation process. The harder emission, with a much higher N/Z ratio, can be attributed to a "midvelocity" process consisting of a non-isotropic emission, on a short timescale , from the surface of the projectile-like fragment.
Nuclear Physics A, 2000
Intermediate velocity products in Ar+Ni collisions from 52 to 95 A.MeV are studied in an experiment performed at the GANIL facility with the 4π multidetector INDRA. It is shown that these emissions cannot be explained by statistical decays of the quasi-projectile and the quasi-target in complete equilibrium. Three methods are used to isolate and characterize intermediate velocity products. The total mass of these products increases with the violence of the collision and reaches a large fraction of the system mass in mid-central collisions. This mass is found independent of the incident energy, but strongly dependent on the geometry of the collision. Finally it is shown that the kinematical characteristics of intermediate velocity products are weakly dependent on the experimental impact parameter, but strongly dependent on the incident energy. The observed trends are consistent with a participant-spectator like scenario or with neck emissions and/or break-up. Keywords Heavy-ion collisions, intermediate energy range, 4π multidetector IN-DRA, neck emissions, participant-spectator scenario. PACS code 25.70.-z
Physics Letters B, 1979
The fragmentation of the projectile in relativistic heavy ion reactions is usually described in terms of a two-step model called abrasion-ablation. The abrasion part is reformulated in the framework of the Boltzmann equation. J This report was done with support from the Department of Energy. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report represent solely those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of The Regents of the University of California, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory or the Department of Energy. Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval or recommendation of the product by the University of California or the U.S. Department of Energy to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
Physical Review C, 1994
We calculate the lowest-order contribution to the cross section for simultaneous excitation of projectile and target nuclei in relativistic heavy ion collisions. This process is, to leading order, non-classical and adds incoherently to the well-studied semi-classical Weizsäcker-Williams cross section. While the leading contribution to the cross section is down by only 1/Z P from the semiclassical process, and consequently of potential importance for understanding data from light projectiles, we find that phase space considerations render the cross section utterly negligible.
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