Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information Contents Preface page xiii Part I Basics of Wireless Networks 1 2 Introduction 3 1.1 Basics of a Wireless Communication System 1.1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Frequency Range 1.1.2 Signal Characterization 1.1.3 Modulation 1.1.4 Wireless Channel and Signal Propagation 1.1.5 Channel Capacity 1.1.6 SINR and Channel Model for Packet Communication Systems 1.2 Medium Access in Wireless Networks 1.2.1 Channel Partitioning–Based MAC 1.2.2 Random Access–Based MAC 1.2.3 Duplexing 1.3 Wireless Access Technologies 1.3.1 Cellular Wireless Technology 1.3.2 WLAN, WMAN, and WPAN Technologies 1.4 Exercises References 3 3 5 8 12 21 22 27 28 34 34 35 35 39 45 46 Wireless Networks and Resource Allocation 49 2.1 Protocol Layers for Data Communication 2.1.1 Physical Layer 2.1.2 Data Link Layer 2.1.3 Network Layer 2.1.4 Transport Layer 2.1.5 Session, Presentation, and Application Layers 2.2 Classification of Wireless Networks 2.2.1 Classification Based on Infrastructure 2.2.2 Classification Based on Spectrum Access 2.2.3 Classification Based on Heterogeneity 49 49 50 51 51 51 52 52 55 55 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information vi Contents 2.3 Physical Layer Issues in Wireless Networks 2.3.1 Basic Components 2.3.2 Digital Transmission Techniques 2.3.3 Link Adaptation 2.3.4 Diversity Transmission Techniques 2.3.5 Smart Reception/Diversity Combining Techniques 2.4 Radio Link Layer Issues in Wireless Networks 2.4.1 Multiple Access and Scheduling Methods 2.4.2 Error Control Methods 2.4.3 Power Control Methods 2.4.4 Cell Association, Handoff Management, and Admission Control 2.5 Taxonomy of Resource Allocation 2.6 Exercises References 56 56 58 62 65 65 68 68 93 99 102 105 106 110 Part II Techniques for Modeling and Analysis of Radio Resource Allocation Methods in Wireless Networks 3 4 Optimization Techniques 117 3.1 Basics of Optimization 3.1.1 Convex Functions 3.1.2 Optimality Conditions for Unconstrained Optimization 3.1.3 Line Search Methods for Unconstrained Optimization 3.2 Convex Optimization 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Duality 3.2.3 KKT Conditions 3.2.4 Algorithms 3.3 Integer Programming 3.3.1 Cutting Plane Method 3.3.2 Branch and Bound Algorithm 3.4 Stochastic Optimization 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Robust Optimization 3.5 Dynamic Programming 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Examples of Dynamic Programming 3.6 Exercises References 117 117 119 121 123 123 124 125 127 132 132 135 140 140 141 143 143 145 147 153 Game Theory 154 4.1 Fundamentals of Game Theory 4.1.1 Brief History 154 154 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information Contents 4.1.2 Definition of a Game 4.2 Non-cooperative Game 4.2.1 Static Game 4.2.2 Dynamic Game 4.2.3 Bayesian Game 4.2.4 Evolutionary Game 4.3 Cooperative Game 4.3.1 Nash Bargaining Solution 4.3.2 Coalition Game 4.4 Auction Theory 4.4.1 Introduction to Auction Theory 4.4.2 Special Auction 4.5 Exercises References Part III 5 6 vii 155 159 159 162 166 168 172 172 174 178 178 180 182 186 Physical Layer Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks General System Model and Preliminary Concepts 191 5.1 System Model for a General Multi-Cell Wireless Network 5.1.1 Modeling Path-Gains 5.1.2 SINR Model 5.1.3 Transmit Power Vector Corresponding to a Given SINR Vector 5.2 System Model for a Single-Cell Wireless Network 5.2.1 Modeling Path-Gains 5.3 SINR Feasibility in Interference-Limited Wireless Networks 5.3.1 Existence of a Positive Transmit Power Vector Corresponding to a Given SINR Vector 5.3.2 Existence of a Constrained Transmit Power Vector Corresponding to a Given SINR Vector 5.4 Exercises References 191 192 194 195 198 198 200 203 205 206 Power Control in Cellular Wireless Networks 207 6.1 Objectives of Power Control 6.1.1 Performance Measure and Objective Functions 6.1.2 Distributed Versus Centralized Approach 6.2 Different Power Control Optimization Problems 6.3 Closed-Loop and Open-Loop Power Control 6.3.1 Open-Loop Power Control 6.3.2 Closed-Loop Power Control 6.4 Distributed Power Control Algorithms 6.4.1 Criteria for Evaluation and Analysis of Distributed Power Control 207 208 210 210 215 215 216 216 © in this web service Cambridge University Press 201 217 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information viii Contents 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7 8 6.4.2 Existing Theoretical Frameworks for Fixed-Point and Convergence Analysis Distributed Target-SINR Tracking Power Control (TPC) Distributed Opportunistic Power Control (OPC) Distributed Dynamic Target-SINR Tracking Power Control (DTPC) Exercises References 217 220 222 223 227 230 Distributed Joint Power and Admission Control 231 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Distributed Joint Power and Admission Control Algorithms 7.2.1 TPC with Permanent Removal (TPC-PR) 7.2.2 TPC with the Capability of Temporary Removal (TR) 7.2.3 TPC with Both Temporary and Permanent Removal (TPC-TPR) 7.2.4 TPC with the Capability of Temporary Removal and Feasibility Check (DFC) 7.2.5 TPC with Soft Removal (TPC-SR) 7.3 Exercises References 231 233 233 234 235 Joint Power and Admission Control in Cognitive Radio Networks 245 8.1 Introduction 8.2 System Model and Background 8.3 Protection Constraints for Primary Users and Different JPAC Problems in CRNs 8.4 Characterization of Feasible Interference Region 8.4.1 Total Received-Power-Temperature: Expressing PUs’ Protection Constraints Based on FRPR 8.4.2 Total Inter-Cell Interference Temperature: Expressing PUs’ Protection Constraints Based on FIIR 8.4.3 Total Cognitive Interference Temperature: Expressing PUs’ Protection Constraints Based on FCIR 8.4.4 Example and Discussion 8.5 Existing Centralized JPAC Algorithms to Maximize the Number of Supported SUs Subject to PUs’ Protection Constraint 8.5.1 A General SSA 8.5.2 Interference Constraint-Aware Stepwise Maximum Interference Removal Algorithm (I-SMIRA) 8.5.3 Link-Gain Ratio Algorithm (LGRA) and Effective Link-Gain Ratio Algorithm (ELGRA) 8.6 Distributed JPAC Algorithms for CRNs 8.6.1 TPC with PU-Protection Algorithm (TPC-PP) 8.6.2 Improved TPC-PP (ITPC-PP) 245 246 © in this web service Cambridge University Press 235 239 243 244 249 251 252 253 255 257 259 260 263 264 267 267 270 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information Contents 9 ix 8.7 Exercises References 271 274 Cell Association in Cellular Networks 276 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 276 276 278 281 Introduction System Model and Notations Distributed Joint Cell Association and Power Control Distributed Cell Association Schemes in Wireless Networks 9.4.1 Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)-Based Cell Association Scheme 9.4.2 Biasing-Based Cell Range Expansion (CRE) in Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous BSs 9.5 Open Research Issues 9.6 Exercises References 281 282 284 286 287 Part IV Link Layer Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks 10 11 Sub-Carrier/Sub-Channel Allocation in OFDMA Networks 291 10.1 Introduction 10.2 OFDM-Based Multiple Access 10.3 Adaptive Radio Resource Allocation in OFDM Systems 10.3.1 System-Centric Approaches 10.3.2 Application-Centric Approaches 10.4 Open Research Issues References 291 292 293 294 302 303 304 Resource Allocation in Relay-Based Networks 308 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Overview of Cooperative Diversity 11.2.1 Amplify-and-Forward Relaying 11.2.2 Decode-and-Forward Relaying 11.2.3 Selection or Opportunistic Relaying 11.2.4 Incremental Relaying 11.2.5 Two-Way Relaying 11.2.6 Other Enhancements 11.3 Resource Allocation for Single-Carrier Systems 11.3.1 Power Allocation for AF Relaying 11.3.2 Power Allocation for Selection AF Relaying 11.3.3 Joint Relay Selection and Power Allocation for ANC Two-Way Relaying 308 309 309 310 311 312 313 317 318 318 320 © in this web service Cambridge University Press 321 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information x 12 Part V 13 Contents 11.4 Resource Allocation for Multi-Carrier Systems 11.4.1 Resource Allocation for AF Multi-Carrier Wireless Networks 11.4.2 Resource Allocation for DF Multi-Carrier Wireless Networks 11.4.3 Resource Allocation for Multi-User ANC Two-Way Relay Networks 11.5 Further Discussion 11.6 Exercises References 323 324 333 Channel Allocation for Infrastructure-Based 802.11 WLANs 352 12.1 Introduction 12.2 System under Consideration 12.2.1 Network Topology 12.2.2 Channelization 12.2.3 Medium Access Control 12.3 Channel Assignment and AP Placement in IEEE 802.11 WLANs 12.3.1 Channel Assignment 12.3.2 AP Placement 12.4 Challenges in Channel Assignment in IEEE 802.11 WLANs 12.5 Channel Assignment Schemes in Centrally Managed Environments 12.5.1 Channel Assignment with AP Placement 12.5.2 Channel Assignment without AP Placement 12.6 Channel Assignment Schemes in Uncoordinated Environments 12.6.1 Least Congested Channel Search (LCCS) 12.6.2 MinMax Approach 12.6.3 MinMax II Approach 12.6.4 Hminmax/Hsum: Weighted Coloring Approach 12.6.5 Pick-Rand and Pick-First Approach 12.6.6 Pick-Rand and Pick-First II Approach 12.6.7 Channel Hopping Approach 12.6.8 Measurement-Based No-Coord 12.7 Comparison among Various Channel Assignment Schemes 12.8 Current Practice in Channel Assignment 12.9 Open Research Issues References 352 353 353 353 355 356 356 356 356 358 358 363 365 365 366 367 367 368 368 368 369 369 371 372 373 337 341 342 348 Cross-Layer Modeling for Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks Joint PHY/RLC Design in Cellular Wireless Networks 379 13.1 13.2 13.3 379 379 381 Introduction Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocols: ARQ and HARQ Link Adaptation with Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10249-1 — Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks Ekram Hossain , Mehdi Rasti , Long Bao Le Table of Contents More Information Contents 13.4 xi Channel Modeling 13.4.1 I.I.D. Channel Models 13.4.2 Two-State Markov Channel Model 13.4.3 Finite-State Markov Channel Model 13.5 ARQ Protocols with I.I.D. Errors 13.6 ARQ Protocols in Two-State Markov Channel 13.6.1 GBN-ARQ Protocol in Two-State Markov Channel 13.6.2 SR-ARQ Protocol in Two-State Markov Channel 13.7 Truncated ARQ Protocol with Link Adaptation under I.I.D. Channels 13.8 Delay Analysis of GBN-ARQ Protocol with Link Adaptation under FSMC 13.8.1 System and Protocol Description 13.8.2 Queuing Model 13.8.3 Derivations of Matrix Blocks in (13.57) 13.8.4 Delay Analysis 13.8.5 Numerical Example 13.9 Hybrid ARQ Protocol with Transmission Size Adaptation 13.10 Exercises References 393 394 395 397 400 401 402 405 412 Index 415 © in this web service Cambridge University Press 383 383 383 386 386 388 389 391 392 www.cambridge.org