The Sasanian Fort of Pankan

The Historian of Islam at Work Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Islamic History and Civilization studies and texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 198 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access picture taken by shawkat m. toorawa Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access The Historian of Islam at Work Essays in Honor of Hugh N. Kennedy Edited by Maaike van Berkel Letizia Osti leiden | boston Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at https://catalog.loc.gov lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022039036 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill‑typeface. issn 0929-2403 isbn 978-90-04-52523-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-52524-5 (e-book) Copyright 2022 by Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau and V&R unipress. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv via brill.com or copyright.com. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Contents List of Figures and Tables xi Notes on Contributors xv Tabula Gratulatoria xxi A Lifelong Passion for Islamic History xxiii Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti Bibliography of Hugh N. Kennedy xxvii part 1 Caliphate and Power 1 A Ḥimyarite Restorationist Prophecy Michael Cook 3 2 Kinship, Dynasty, and the Umayyads Andrew Marsham 12 3 He Reigned as Caliph; Then He Died: The Reigns of Caliphs Versified 46 Geert Jan van Gelder 4 Versifying History in Abbasid Iraq: The Universal History of ʿAlī b. al-Jahm 69 Harry Munt 5 How to found an Islamic state: The Idrisids as rivals to the Abbasid Caliphate in the Far Islamic West 91 Corisande Fenwick 6 Rethinking “the Mamlūk State” with Ibn Khaldūn: “Mamlukization,” ʿaṣabiyya, and Historiographical Imaginations of the Sultanate of Cairo (1200s–1500s) 117 Jo Van Steenbergen 7 Ibn Khaldūn and the Ḥafṣid Caliphate Allen Fromherz 140 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access viii contents part 2 Economy and Society 8 A Three-Centered System: Aleppo, Damascus, and Cairo in the Age of the Ayyubids 157 R. Stephen Humphreys 9 Informal and Formal Trading Associations in Egypt and Ifrīqiya, 850–1150 171 Chris Wickham 10 Good Governance in Theory and Practice: Comparing Abū Yūsuf’s Kitāb al-Kharāj with Papyri 183 Petra M. Sijpesteijn 11 A Matter of Trust: On Some Principles of Governance in the Letters of Qurra b. Sharīk 201 Arietta Papaconstantinou 12 Calculating the Population of Samarra Alastair Northedge 13 Flour for the Caliph: Watermills in the “Land behind Mosul” Cristina Tonghini 14 Bedouin, Bandits, and Caliphal Disappearance: A Reappraisal of the Qarāmiṭa and Their Success in Arabia 254 Peter Webb 15 Zinā and muḥṣanāt in the Quran Richard Kimber 210 234 283 part 3 Abbasids 16 Muslim Nostalgia: Longing for the Abbasid Past in the Mamluk Era 299 Robert Irwin Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access ix contents 17 The al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa in Baghdad and Its Founder, al-Mustanṣir 320 Carole Hillenbrand 18 Hārūn al-Rashīd in Premodern Arabic Literary Imaginary: Ideology of Monogamy, Harem Politics, and Court Intrigues 340 Wen-chin Ouyang 19 The Representation of the Barmakids in Bodleian Manuscript Ouseley 217 and Other Monographs 356 Arezou Azad and Pejman Firoozbakhsh 20 Eutychius of Alexandria Vindicated: Muslim Sources and Christian Arabic Historiography in the Early Islamic Empire 384 Robert Hoyland 21 Bureaucrats on the Move: Messengers in Fourth/Tenth-Century Iraq 405 Maaike van Berkel, Nadia Maria El Cheikh and Letizia Osti 22 Al-Ṭabarī’s Unacknowledged Debt to Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr Sarah Bowen Savant 23 Heraqleh: A New Interpretation Andrew Petersen 432 448 part 4 Frontiers and the Others 24 The Interface between Byzantium and the Ilkhanids in Fourteenth-Century Book Painting 475 Robert Hillenbrand 25 Exploring Europe through Medieval Islamic Folk Literature Niall Christie 26 The Lordship and Bishopric of Banyas in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1126–1164) 521 Alan V. Murray 503 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access x contents 27 Fortresses and Frontiers: Castles and Northern Syria in the Sultanate of Cairo 538 Angus D. Stewart 28 The Sasanian Fort of Pānkān Balázs Major 29 Negotiating the North: Armenian Perspectives on the Conquest Era 591 Tim Greenwood 30 New Palaeoenvironmental Evidence on the Possible Impact on Agriculture of Early Arab-Islamic Raiding Activity on Crete 614 John Haldon Index 560 635 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Figures and Tables Figures 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 17.1 17.2 17.3 ʿUthmān and the Sufyanid and Marwanid Umayyad caliphs 14 The lifespans of the Umayyad caliphs 20 Abū al-ʿĀs b. Umayya’s marriages and children 22 Al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ’s marriages and children 24 Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb’s marriages and children 26 ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān’s marriages and children 28 ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān’s marriages and children 36 Al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik’s marriages and children 39 Map of early medieval North Africa showing the location of the rival states 92 Map of Morocco showing the location of Idrisid mints, towns, and known silver mines 99 Silver dirham of Idrīs i minted at Walīla 101 Silver dirham of Idrīs ii minted at Walīla 102 Plan of early medieval Volubilis 105 Reconstruction of the housing in sector D 107 Reconstruction of the Idrisid complex 109 The site of Basra, showing the limits of the early Islamic city 211 The site of Kufa showing the limits of the early Islamic city 212 The site of Samarra, showing the extent of the ancient remains 216 The division of the archaeological site into zones 217 The disposition of the military cantonments 218 Al-Mutawakkiliyya, showing the classic layout of a cantonment (qaṭīʿa) at Samarra 219 Examples of blocks of cantonment houses 226 Plan of Building B at Amman, destroyed in 131/749 227 Examples of elite housing from al-Mutawakkiliyya 229 General map of the LoNAP survey area 236 LoNAP survey, settlement distribution map 239 General map of site 124, with the two groups of mills 246 Aerial view of site 124, upper group 247 Site 124, drop towers 1 and 2 248 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Courtyard from the south 320 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Façade of the prayer hall 324 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Axonometric view 325 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xii 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 19.1 19.2 21.1 21.2 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 figures and tables Al-Mustansiriyya madrasa: Corridor (īwān) 327 Al-Mustansiriyya madrasa: The wall facing the Tigris from the northwest 329 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Riparian inscription in Ayyubid-style cursive writing 330 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Inscription on the wall facing the Tigris 331 Al-Mustansiriyya madrasa: The southwestern exterior wall with the inscription as restored in 1865 332 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: The portal inscription 334 Al-Mustanṣiriyya madrasa: Part of the portal inscription 336 Ouseley 217, Bodleian Library Persian manuscript, frontispiece on fol. 1v 361 Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Baranī, Akhbār-i Barmakiyān, Aga Khan Museum manuscript folio akm 126 366 Viziers appointed between 313/925 and 334/945 414 The first five amīr al-umarāʾ, 324–334/936–945 416 The first alignment between Ibn Abī Ṭāhir’s Kitāb Baghdād and al-Ṭabarī’s Taʾrīkh 435 The seventh alignment between Ibn Abī Ṭāhir’s Kitāb Baghdād and al-Ṭabarī’s Taʾrīkh 437 The eighth alignment between Ibn Abī Ṭāhir’s Kitāb Baghdād and al-Ṭabarī’s Taʾrīkh 438 The passive voice as a potential indicator of text reuse in al-Ṭabarī’s Taʾrīkh. Blue dots mark occurrences of the phrases ḥaddathanā/ḥaddathanī as the first element of an isnād. Red dots indicate uses of the passive-voice phrase dhukira ʿan. Vertical lines identify section beginnings as well as the segment that corresponds to the extant volume of Ibn Abī Ṭāhir’s Kitāb Baghdād 441 Map of the Middle East showing the location of Raqqa and other sites 449 Map showing the location of Heraqleh in relation to Raqqa and other sites in the vicinity 450 corona image from 1967 showing Heraqleh in relation to the Euphrates floodplain and an adjacent partially eroded circular structure to the south-east 452 Herzfeld’s drawing of Heraqleh before modern disturbances 454 Google Earth Image of Heraqleh showing central building and concentric inner and outer enclosures 456 Plan of the central building of Heraqleh after Toueir 1983 458 View of the central building or terrace at Heraqleh from the west 460 Heraqleh, central building from SW in 2010 460 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access figures and tables 23.9 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 24.9 24.10 24.11 24.12 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.7 28.8 28.9 28.10 xiii Aerial view of Heraqleh circa 1985 461 Stucco from excavations at Heraqleh with 80cm white and yellow scale divided into 10cm sections. 461 Greek cross reused within the central building at Heraqleh 463 Interior of the western gate of the outer enclosure showing the location of carved stone wall decoration 465 Detail of the wall decoration in the western gate 466 Vault inside the central building showing the use of roughly square stone for the walls and fired brick for the vaults 467 One of a number of circular well-like holes giving access to the vaults below 468 Palermo, Monreale Cathedral: Mosaic of angels visiting Lot, late twelfth century 481 Al-Bīrūnī, Chronology of ancient nations, 1307: Muḥammad appoints ʿAlī as his successor 482 Hosios Lukas, mosaic of the Anastasis, first half of the eleventh century 483 Al-Bīrūnī, Chronology of ancient nations, 1307: The Baptism of Jesus 485 Rashīd al-Dīn, Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, 1314: The birth of Muḥammad 486 Daphni, mosaic of the Nativity of Christ, ca. 1100 488 Rashīd al-Dīn, Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, 1314: Baḥīrā recognizes Muḥammad as a prophet 489 Daphni, mosaic of the Baptism of Christ, ca. 1100 490 Rashīd al-Dīn, Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, 1314: The Annunciation 492 Al-Bīrūnī, Chronology of ancient nations, 1307: The Annunciation 494 Rashīd al-Dīn, Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, 1314: Muḥammad receives the first revelation from Jabrāʾīl 495 Daphni, mosaic of the Annunciation, ca. 1100 496 Valley of the Kargh River with the rectangular enclosure of Pānkān in the foreground 561 Fort of Pānkān from the northeast 562 Plan of the fort 564 Detail of northern enclosure wall (w129) showing the remains of the formwork casting 566 Northwestern cluster of buildings in the fort 567 Excavated gate from the south 568 Construction periods of the gate 569 Sasanian-period bricks 571 Terrain model of the fort 573 Northeastern cluster of buildings in the fort 574 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xiv 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 30.1 figures and tables Buildings R100 and R101 from the south 575 Interior of R100 looking south 576 Excavation trench 2019/3 in the area of room R300, looking west 578 Possible courtyard S1001 in excavation trench 2019/2 579 Excavation trench 2019/5, with the openings of the two stone-lined storage pits 580 Sample of fine creamware shards 582 Map of the metal and ceramic finds of the 2016 survey 584 Bronze cosmetics mortar 586 Google Image map of the island of Crete 621 Tables 12.1 12.2 12.3a 12.3b 12.4 12.5 12.6 19.1 19.2 Areas of the Samarra mosques 222 Areas of the muṣallas at Samarra 223 Typology of buildings relative to the question of residence 224 Buildings that might or might not be residential 225 Total number of small houses by zone 228 Typology of elite housing 229 Zonal division of elite housing 230 Stemmatic Diagram of Baranī’s Akhbār-i Barmakiyān 376 Table of Premodern Persian Monographs on the Barmakids (Lost and Surviving Manuscripts and Published Editions) 377 Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Notes on Contributors Arezou Azad is Senior Research Fellow and Programme Director of the Invisible East programme at the University of Oxford. She is a historian of the medieval Islamic east (Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia), with a DPhil from Oxford, and has published multiple books and peer-reviewed articles on the social and cultural history of the region. Maaike van Berkel is Professor of Medieval History at the Radboud University Nijmegen. Her research focuses on administration, communication, and court and urban history in the medieval Middle East. Currently she is the principal investigator of a project on water management in Middle Eastern cities. Niall Christie is an instructor in history at Langara College in Vancouver, Canada, where he teaches the history of Europe and the Muslim world. He is also an adjunct professor of medieval studies at the University of Victoria. His research focuses on the Muslim response to the Crusades. Michael Cook has been teaching the history of the Muslim world in the Near Eastern Studies Department at Princeton University since 1986. Before that he taught in the History Department at the School of Oriental and African Studies in the University of London. His latest book is Ancient religions, modern politics. Nadia Maria El Cheikh is a scholar of the Abbasid Caliphate and Byzantium. Her publications include Byzantium viewed by the Arabs (Harvard Middle Eastern monographs, 2004), which was translated into Turkish and Greek. In 2013 she coauthored a book entitled Crisis and continuity at the Abbasid court: Formal and informal politics in the caliphate of al-Muqtadir (295–320/908–932) (Brill). Women, Islam and Abbasid identity was published in 2015 by Harvard University Press and was recently translated into Arabic. She served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the American University in Beirut between 2016 and 2021. In 2022 she was appointed Vice Provost for Cultural and Research Engagement at nyu Abu Dhabi. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xvi notes on contributors Corisande Fenwick is Associate Professor in Mediterranean Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, ucl and Director of the Society for Libyan Studies. Her recent books include Early Islamic North Africa (Bloomsbury, 2020) and the co-edited Oxford handbook of Islamic archaeology (oup, 2020). She currently directs excavations in Morocco and Tunisia. Pejman Firoozbakhsh is a philologist of Iranian languages, focusing on the formation and development of New Persian. His research interests include the New Iranian languages and dialects, Persian codicology, historiography, and textual criticism. Pejman graduated from the University of Hamburg with a PhD in Iranian Studies in 2020. Allen Fromherz is Professor of History and Middle East Studies Center Director at Georgia State University. He authored The Almohads: Rise of an Islamic empire; Ibn Khaldun, life and times; The Near West: Medieval North Africa, Latin Europe and the Mediterranean and Qatar, a modern history; and edited The Gulf in world history and Sultan Qaboos and Modern Oman. He is a Senior Fulbright Scholar to Spain (2022). Geert Jan van Gelder (b. Amsterdam, 1947) was Lecturer in Arabic at the University of Groningen from 1975 until 1998 and Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford from 1998 until 2012. He has published widely on classical Arabic literature. Tim Greenwood is a Reader in the School of History at the University of St Andrews. He has published widely on the political, social, and cultural history of late antique and medieval Armenia (c. 500–1100). He is preparing a monograph on law and legal culture in medieval Armenia. John Haldon studied in Birmingham, Athens, and Munich. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and current Director of the Princeton Climate Change and History Research Initiative. His research focuses on the history of the medieval eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, on state systems and resources in the premodern world, and on the impact of environmental stress on premodern societies. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xvii notes on contributors Carole Hillenbrand cbe, fba (Professor Emerita, Edinburgh; Honorary Professor, St Andrews) has published seven books plus three volumes of collected articles. She was awarded the King Faisal Prize in Islamic Studies for The Crusades: Islamic perspectives (1999), and the British Academy Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize for Global cultural understanding for Islam: A historical introduction (2016). Robert Hillenbrand fba, Professor of Islamic Art at Edinburgh and St Andrews, has published 11 books; some 200 articles; and edited, co-edited, or coauthored 14 books. He has held visiting professorships at Cambridge, Princeton, ucla, Bamberg, Dartmouth College, Leiden, New York, Cairo, and Groningen. He works on Islamic architecture, book painting, and iconography. Robert Hoyland is Professor of Middle East History at New York University’s Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, having previously taught at the universities of St Andrews and Oxford. He has published on diverse aspects of the intellectual and material culture of the late antique and early Islamic Middle East. R. Stephen Humphreys is Professor Emeritus in History and Islamic Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the author of From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (1977), Islamic history: A framework for inquiry (1991), and Muʿawiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to empire (2006). He has been a visiting member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ and a visiting fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Robert Irwin lectured in the Mediaeval Department of the University of St Andrews before leaving to become a full-time writer of fiction and nonfiction. He has published books on the Arabian nights, the Mamluks, and Orientalism. His most recent work of nonfiction is Ibn Khaldun: An intellectual biography. Richard Kimber was formerly Lecturer in Arabic Studies at the University of St Andrews. Balázs Major is an archaeologist, Arabist, and historian and holds a PhD in archaeology from Cardiff University. He is Director of the Institute of Archaeology at Pázmány Péter Catholic University. He is directing archaeological excavations in Syria, Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xviii notes on contributors Lebanon, and Iraqi Kurdistan, with a main interest in medieval military architecture and rural settlements. Andrew Marsham is Professor of Classical Arabic Studies at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Queens’ College. His publications include Rituals of Islamic monarchy (Edinburgh, 2009) and two edited volumes: Power, patronage, and memory in early Islam (Oxford, 2018), with Professor Alain George, and The Umayyad world (Routledge, 2021). Harry Munt is Senior Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of York. He is the author of several articles on early Islamic history and premodern Arabic history writing as well as The Holy City of Medina: Sacred space in early Islamic Arabia (Cambridge University Press, 2014). Alan V. Murray is Senior Lecturer in Medieval Studies at the University of Leeds. He wrote his doctoral thesis on the nobility of the kingdom of Jerusalem under the supervision of Hugh Kennedy and has published numerous works on the crusades, the principalities of Outremer, and medieval warfare, including The Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem: A dynastic history, 1099–1125 (2000), The Franks in Outremer: Studies in the Latin principalities of Syria and Palestine, 1099–1187 (2015), and Baldwin of Bourcq: Count of Edessa and King of Jerusalem (1100–1131) (2022). Alastair Northedge is Professor Emeritus of Islamic Art and Archaeology at Université de Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne). He has worked in Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, and conducted projects at Amman in Jordan, and Ana in Iraq, in addition to Samarra. He is author of Studies on Roman and Islamic Amman, joint author of Excavations at Ana, and published the Historical topography of Samarra in 2005. The second volume of the project at Samarra, the Archaeological atlas of Samarra, was published in 2015. He subsequently worked on the medieval city of Dehistan in Turkmenistan. After retirement in 2017, he is now working on the archaeological site of Old Basra at al-Zubayr in Iraq. Letizia Osti is Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of Milan. She has published on classical Arabic prose and narrative techniques in Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access notes on contributors xix biographical collections, historiography, literature, and intersections thereof. She is the author of History and memory in the Abbasid caliphate: writing the past in medieval Arabic literature (Bloomsbury, 2022). Wen-chin Ouyang is Professor of Arabic and Comparative Literature at soas, University of London. She has published extensively on classical and modern Arabic literature and critical theory, including The thousand and one nights. Arietta Papaconstantinou is a social historian of the late antique Mediterranean, focusing on the transition from the Roman to the Islamic empire. She researches rural communities and historical multilingualism and Mediterranean cultural history as a whole. She teaches late antique history at the University of Reading and is an associate member of the Faculty of Oriental Studies in Oxford and of the Institute for Byzantine Studies at the Collège de France. Andrew Petersen is Director of Research in Islamic Archaeology at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. He studied medieval history at St Andrews, Islamic Architecture at Oxford, and wrote his PhD on medieval and Ottoman Palestine at Cardiff University. He is a Member of the Institute for Archaeologists and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Sarah Bowen Savant is Professor of History at the Aga Khan University—Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations (aku-ismc) and the principal investigator of the European Research Council—funded kitab project (kitab‑project.org). She received her PhD from Harvard University and her MA from the University of Chicago. Her publications include The new Muslims of post-conquest Iran: Tradition, memory, and conversion (Cambridge University Press, 2013; winner of the SaidiSirjani Book Award given by the International Society for Iranian Studies on behalf of the Persian Heritage Foundation); as editor (with Helena de Felipe), Genealogy and knowledge in Muslim societies: Understanding the past (akuismc, Exploring Muslim Contexts/Edinburgh University Press, 2014); as translator (with Peter Webb), The excellence of the Arabs: A translation of Ibn Qutaybah’s Faḍl al-ʿarab wa l-tanbīh ʿalā ʿulūmihā (Library of Arabic Literature/New York University Press, 2017); and numerous articles treating ethnic identity, cultural memory, genealogy, and history writing. She is currently preparing with the kitab project team a two-volume study, entitled A cultural history of the Arabic book. She also sits on the management team of aku-ismc. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xx notes on contributors Petra M. Sijpesteijn is Professor of Arabic at Leiden University. She is a cultural and social historian of the medieval Middle East. Currently she is the principal investigator of a European Research Council funded project entitled Embedding conquest: Naturalising Muslim rule in the early Islamic empire (600–1000). Angus D. Stewart studied with Hugh Kennedy at the University of St Andrews. He is the author of The Armenian kingdom and the Mamluks: War and diplomacy during the reigns of Het‘um ii (1289–1307) (Leiden, 2001). Now lecturing in Mediaeval and Middle Eastern History at St Andrews, he has inherited Hugh’s former module on “The Mediaeval castle.” Cristina Tonghini is an archaeologist who specializes in the Arab world in the Islamic period. She is Full Professor at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Her current research focuses on settlement, landscape, resources management, and production in northern Iraq. Recent publications include From Edessa to Urfa: The fortification of the citadel (Archaeopress 2021). Jo Van Steenbergen is Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Ghent University. He has published many chapters, articles, edited volumes, and books, especially on late medieval Syro-Egyptian history, including A history of the Islamic world, 600–1800 (2021). Peter Webb is a University Lecturer in Arabic Literature and Culture at Leiden University. His research analyzes the evolution of Arab identity and Muslim interpretations of pre-Islamic history. He is author of Imagining the Arabs: Arab identity and the rise of Islam (Edinburgh, 2016) and editor/translator of several classical Arabic texts for nyp Press’s Library of Arabic Literature and Brill’s Bibliotheca Maqriziana. Chris Wickham is Chichele Professor of Medieval History (Emeritus) at the University of Oxford and taught at both Oxford and Birmingham. He has published widely on European and Eurasian history across the period 400–1200. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Tabula Gratulatoria Peter Adamson Camilla Adang Dionisius Agius Judy Ahola Samer Ali Fréderic Bauden Karen Bauer Lale Behzadi David Bennett Amira Bennison Monique Bernards Teresa Bernheimer Fanny Bessard Hinrich Biesterfeldt Kevin Blankinship Antoine Borrut Antonia Bosanquet Julia Bray Leslie Brubaker Jelle Bruning Averil Cameron Paul Cobb Lawrence Conrad Michael Cooperson Amikam Elad Tayeb El-Hibri Maribel Fierro Alison Gascoigne Antonella Ghersetti Nathan Gibson Rob Gleave Matthew Gordon Frank Griffel Beatrice Gründler Sebastian Günther Hannah-Lena Hagemann Avraham Hakim Eric Hanne Paul Heck Stefan Heidemann Konrad Hirschler Steven Judd Alexander Key Ruqayya Yasmine Khan Hilary Kilpatrick Waardenburg István Kristó-Nagy Remke Kruk Marie Legendre Zina Maleh Eduardo Manzano Moreno Christopher Melchert Charles Melville Alex Metcalfe Benjamin Michaudel James Montgomery Suleiman Mourad Pernilla Myrne John Nawas Nassima Neggaz Bilal Orfali Walter Pohl Maurice Pomerantz Dwight Reynolds Khodadad Rezakhani Chase Robinson Everett Rowson Marina Rustow Ihab el-Sakkout Ignacio Sánchez Jens Scheiner Emily Selove Mehdy Shaddel Devin Stewart Yuko Tanaka Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxii Shawkat Toorawa Deborah Tor Isabel Toral John Turner Uwe Vagelpohl tabula gratulatoria Kevin van Bladel Vanessa Van Renterghem James Weaver Philip Wood Mohsen Zakeri Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access A Lifelong Passion for Islamic History Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti One afternoon in July 2004, in the elegant setting of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, the School of Abbasid Studies held a session on the caliphate of al-Muqtadir. It was organized by Hugh Kennedy, one of the school’s directors, who had selected a few junior scholars to contribute to the discussion. It was exciting to discover a shared interest in this topic, and two years later, at the School’s meeting in St Andrews, we could not stop talking, comparing notes, and drawing parallels. You should write a book, more than one colleague suggested; and so we did, in this very Brill series: our study of al-Muqtadir, Crisis and continuity at the Abbasid court, was published in 2013. As is often said, many friendships are killed by writing a book together. We, on the contrary, began with a book and, almost 20 years later, continue to find ways of collaborating and enjoying each other’s friendship. A picture of the Muqtadiriyya—as someone once described it—on Hugh’s desk testifies to this. Although both of us knew Hugh long before 2004, we have chosen to begin with this memory because it highlights some of the reasons for the present collection: Hugh’s ability to bring people together and communicate enthusiasm for their ideas and projects; his curiosity about the work of colleagues, no matter how junior; and his willingness to support and promote them. Yet, this book is first and foremost a tribute to Hugh’s impressive scholarship and how it has influenced the field of Islamic history at large as well as our own work. For instance, working with Hugh has taught us the importance of reading personality centered narratives, where single paradigmatic figures are responsible for major historical developments, interpreting the portrayal of such figures not only as themselves but also as representatives of a group with specific principles, practices, and aspirations. On the other hand, Hugh’s research rarely relies on chronicles alone: another important thing he has taught us is to read the rich narrative sources at our disposal in combination with material and documentary evidence. Hugh’s research also has the unusual quality of being both specific and accessible to specialists of other periods and areas: he has often collaborated on projects on the medieval Mediterranean and contributed to comparative endeavors on Europe and Eurasia, and is always an important presence at the International Medieval Congress at Leeds. Finally, Hugh has always been very active in the communication of scholarship, participating in and curating radio Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxiv van berkel and osti programs and giving open lectures, and contributing to public debate with accessible material. Hugh Kennedy is the quintessential historian of the Islamic world. ∵ We begin the book with a bibliography that illustrates the breadth and depth of Hugh’s research, even without listing the translations of most of his monographs into many foreign languages. This is followed by four sections, loosely organized along chronological or geographical lines, representing major themes on which Hugh has worked and published extensively. The 30 contributions together cover some, but by no means all, of the topics, areas, and periods that Hugh has worked on during over 50 years dedicated to Islamic history. The theme of the first section, “Caliphate and power,” has been a lifelong interest for Hugh. His first book, based on his dissertation, was The early Abbasid caliphate, published in 1981. A few years later, in 1987, he published The Prophet and the age of the caliphates, which became a standard and is now in its fourth edition. This volume has introduced generations of students to the study of Islamic history. More recently, the power, ideology, and history of this major Islamic institution have been the focal point of The caliphate: The history of an idea (2016). Here, Hugh demonstrates his ability to make medieval history relevant for the present. The contributions in this section of our volume cover a vast temporal and geographical span: from the time of the Prophet until the Sultanate of Cairo in the fifteenth century, and from Iraq to the Maghreb. They not only discuss the political power of a specific period but also look at how it is portrayed in different types of sources, discussing the memory of past caliphates and the ways in which the caliphate is represented by contemporary and later authors. Hugh has been one of the pioneering scholars in the field of the economic history of pre-1500 Muslim societies. This is the object of the second section: Hugh’s studies on the fiscal administration and financial problems of the Abbasid Caliphate (such as The decline and fall of the first Muslim empire, 2004) and his landmark analysis of the economic and agricultural foundations of the city of Baghdad in the Abbasid period (The feeding of the five hundred thousand, 2011) have inspired so many of us. Not only do they employ both material and textual sources, they also translate dry information into a vivid portrait of social life in Abbasid Iraq. The authors of this section of the volume make use of a diverse corpus of sources, including documents on paper and papyrus, archaeological evidence, and narrative sources, providing significant contributions to the social Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access a lifelong passion for islamic history xxv and economic history of North Africa and the Middle East, both in rural and in urban contexts, from the second/eighth to the seventh/thirteenth century. We have arranged the chapters geographically, from west to east, from the Mediterranean to Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. A festschrift in honor of Hugh Kennedy would not be complete without a section on the Abbasids: although Hugh has published on a wide variety of empires and rulers across the Islamic and Byzantine worlds, the Abbasids have been a constant throughout his career. As one of the directors of the School of Abbasid Studies, and as a speaker and discussant at many conferences, he has promoted interest in this period among new generations of scholars. In fact, most of the publications we have mentioned so far, including the volume we wrote together, discuss the Abbasids or have them as their focus. To these we should add his study The court of the caliphs, also published as When Baghdad ruled the Muslim world (both 2004), where he uses major historical and literary sources to portray the Abbasid caliphs as distinct characters. The chapters in this section discuss the intellectual history of the period, the Abbasids’ building activities, and their politics and administration. The importance of Abbasid history and its relevance for the present is underscored by the number of contributions devoted to the memory of the Abbasids, even up to modern times. This is why we start with contributions viewing the Abbasids from the distant future and then zoom in on Abbasid sources themselves. The fourth section of this book deals with frontiers and what is beyond them. Hugh’s interests in the Crusades, warfare, and people of the sword, as well as cultural exchange in border regions, have resulted in three major books: Crusader castles (1994), The armies of the caliphs (2001), and The great Arab conquests (2007). The latter is an illustration of Hugh’s increasing interest in bringing Islamic history into mainstream culture: like The court of the caliphs, this book is written in a manner accessible to a wide section of the public. The chapters in this final section, arranged in reverse chronological order, discuss fortresses, raiding, acculturation, and representations on the different sides of frontiers, from the ninth/fifteenth century to the time of the conquests, and from Iran to Crete. They confirm that, in Islamic history as elsewhere, contact and conflict go hand in hand. ∵ When we started this project, we were aware that we would be asking a lot of our invitees: a paper with an obvious connection to Hugh’s research, and a very strict deadline. Still, we were overwhelmed by the positive response of former students and colleagues, so much so that we kept worrying that we had Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxvi van berkel and osti missed contributors (and we are sure we have). And yet, this should not have surprised us. His scholarship aside, it is impossible not to like and admire Hugh. This is why, along with the 30 chapters, we include a tabula gratulatoria with the names of many colleagues who wish to convey their felicitations. A volume like this requires the help of many. We should first of all thank Peter Webb, who took the first steps in this project. Hinrich Biesterfeldt and Sebastian Günther immediately welcomed the volume in this series. Two anonymous readers reviewed the entire manuscript and made important suggestions for improvement. Peter Brown and Angus D. Stewart generously helped us with topics we felt were outside our field of expertise. We owe a particular debt to Nadia Maria El Cheikh, our Muqtadiriyya colleague-in-crime, for her constant support and friendship, and for organizing the bibliography of Hugh’s work with the help of the librarians at the American University of Beirut. The bibliography has been finalized by Rick van Brummelen, student-assistant at the Radboud University Nijmegen. Without the practical and moral support of Maurits van den Boogert and Teddi Dols from Brill this project, and especially its rapid production schedule, would not have been possible, and Rebekah Zwanzig is the best copyeditor we could have wished for. Sarah Savant gave us the perfect venue for presenting this book and secretly organized festivities. And of course, our authors were wonderful in following our orders with no complaints and providing excellent contributions. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access Bibliography of Hugh N. Kennedy Books 1978 Politics and the political élite in the early Abbasid caliphate, PhD diss., University of Cambridge, ProQuest dissertations and theses global.1 1981 The early Abbasid caliphate: A political history, London. 1986 The Prophet and the age of the caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century, London. Second and updated edition, London 2004. Third and updated edition, London 2015. Fourth and updated edition, London 2022. 1994 Crusader castles, Cambridge. 1996 Muslim Spain and Portugal: A political history of Al-Andalus, London. 2001 The armies of the caliphs: Military and society in the early Islamic state, London. 2002 Mongols, Huns and Vikings: Nomads at war, London. 2004 The court of the caliphs: The rise and fall of Islam’s greatest dynasty, London. Also published as When Baghdad ruled the Muslim world: The rise and fall of Islam’s greatest dynasty, Cambridge, MA 2005. 1 Many of Hugh’s monographs have appeared in translation. This bibliography only lists the original English editions. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxviii bibliography of hugh n. kennedy 2006 The Byzantine and early Islamic Near East, Aldershot. 2007 The great Arab conquests: How the spread of Islam changed the world we live in, London. 2013 with M. van Berkel, N.M. El Cheikh, and L. Osti, Crisis and continuity at the Abbasid court: Formal and informal politics in the caliphate of al-Muqtadir (295–320/908–32), Leiden. 2016 The caliphate: A Pelican introduction, London. Also published as Caliphate: The history of an idea, New York. Edited Works 2001 The historiography of Islamic Egypt (c. 950–1800), Leiden. An historical atlas of Islam/Atlas historique de l’Islam, Leiden. 2003 with I.A. Alfonso and J.E. Monge, Building legitimacy: Political discourses and forms of legitimation in medieval societies, Leiden. 2006 Muslim military architecture in greater Syria: From the coming of Islam to the Ottoman period, Leiden. 2008 Al-Tabari: A medieval Muslim historian and his work, Princeton, NJ. 2009 with A. Papaconstantinou and M. Debie, Writing “true stories”: Historians and hagiographers in the late antique and medieval Near East, Turnhout. 2013 Warfare and poetry in the Middle East, New York. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access bibliography of hugh n. kennedy xxix Translations 1990 Al-Manṣūr and al-Mahdī, vol. 29 of The history of al-Ṭabarī, trans., Albany. Articles and Book Chapters 1981 Central government and provincial élites in the early ʿAbbāsid caliphate, in bsoas 44, 26–38. 1982 Succession disputes in the early Abbasid caliphate, in R. Hillenbrand (ed.), Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants: 10th Congress, Edinburgh, 9–16 September 1980: Proceedings, Edinburgh, 29–33. 1985 From Polis to Madina: Urban change in late antique and Eerly Islamic Syria, in Past & Present 106, 3–27. The last century of Byzantine Syria: A reinterpretation, in Byzantinische Forschungen 10, 141–183. 1986 The desert and the sown in eastern Arabian history, in I.R. Netton (ed.), Arabia and the Gulf, Kent, 18–28. The Melkite church from the Islamic conquest to the Crusades: Continuity and adaptation in the Byzantine legacy, in 17th international Byzantine congress: The major papers, New Rochelle, 325–343. The Uqaylids of Mosul: The origins and structure of a nomad dynasty, in M. Paz Torres and M. Marin (eds.), Actas del xii Congreso de la u.e.a.i, Madrid, 391– 402. 1987 Recent French archaeological work in Syria and Jordan, in Byzantine and modern Greek studies 11, 245–252. with D. Price, Marginalia, in The Yale University library gazette 62, 56–61. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxx bibliography of hugh n. kennedy 1989 Change and continuity in Syria and Palestine at the time of the Moslem conquest, in aram periodical 1, 258–267. 1990 The Abbasid caliphate: A historical introduction, in J. Ashtiany et al. (eds.), Abbasid belles lettres, ii, Cambridge, 1–15. The Barmakid revolution in Islamic government, in C.P. Melville (ed.), Persian and Islamic studies in honour of P.W. Avery, Cambridge, 89–98. 1992 Antioch: From Byzantium to Islam and back again, in J. Rich (ed.), The city in late antiquity, London, 181–189. The impact of Muslim rule on the pattern of rural settlement, in P. Canivet and J.P. Rey-Coquais (eds.), La Syrie de Byzance à l’islam: viie–viiie siècles, Damascus, 291–297. Nomads and settled people in Bilad al-Sham in the ninth and tenth centuries, in M.A. Bakhīt and M.Y. Abbadi (eds.), Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Bilad al-Sham, Amman, 105–113. 1995 The financing of the military in the early Islamic state, in A. Cameron (ed.), The Byzantine and early Islamic Near East, iii, Princeton, 361–378. The Muslims in Europe, in R. McKitterick (ed.), The new Cambridge medieval history, ii, Cambridge, 249–271. 1997 From oral tradition to written record in Arabic genealogy, in Arabica 44, 531– 544. 1998 Egypt as a province in the Islamic caliphate, 641–868, in C.F. Petry (ed.), The Cambridge history of Egypt, i, Cambridge, 62–85. From antiquity to Islam in the cities of al-Andalus and al-Mashriq, in P. Cressier and M. Garcia-Arenal (eds.), Genèse de la ville islamique en al-Andalus at au Maghreb occidental, Madrid, 53–64. with J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Antioch and the villages of northern Syria in the fifth and sixth centuries a.d.: Trend and problem, in Nottingham medieval studies 32, 65–90. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access bibliography of hugh n. kennedy xxxi 1999 Medieval Merv: An historical overview, in G. Herrmann (ed.), Monuments of Merv, London, 27–44. Islam, in G.W. Bowersock, P. Brown, and O. Grabar (eds.), Late antiquity: A guide to the postclassical world, Harvard, 219–237. 2000 Intellectual life in the first four centuries of Islam, in F. Daftary (ed.), Intellectual traditions in Islam, New York, 17–30. Sicily and al-Andalus under Muslim rule, in T. Reuter (ed.), The new Cambridge medieval history, iii, Cambridge, 646–669. The early development of church architecture in Syria and Jordan c. 300–c. 750, in Studies in church history 36, 1–33. Gerasa and Scythopolis: Power and patronage in the Byzantine cities of Bilad al-Sham, in beo 52, 199–204. 2001 Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia, in A. Cameron (ed.), The Cambridge ancient history, xiv, Cambridge, 588–611. 2002 Caliphs and their chroniclers in the middle Abbasid period (third/ninth century), in C.F. Robinson (ed.), Texts, documents, and artefacts: Islamic studies in honour of D.S. Richards, Leiden, 17–36. Military pay and the economy of the early Islamic state, in Historical research 75, 155–169. 2004 with J.F. Haldon, The Arab-Byzantine frontier in the eighth and ninth centuries: Military organisation and society in the borderlands, in L.I. Conrad and M. Bonner (eds.), Arab-Byzantine relations in early Islamic times, London, 141–178. The decline and fall of the first Muslim empire, in Der Islam 81, 4–30. The true caliph of the Arabian nights, in History today 54, 31–36. Byzantine-Arab diplomacy in the Near East from the Islamic conquests to the mid eleventh century, in L.I. Conrad and M. Bonner (eds.), Arab-Byzantine relations in early Islamic times, London, 81–91. Muslim Spain and Portugal: Al-Andalus and its neighbours, in D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith (eds.), The new Cambridge medieval history, iv, Cambridge, 599–622. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxxii bibliography of hugh n. kennedy 2005 The caliphate, in Y.M. Choueiri (ed.), A companion to the history of the Middle East, Hoboken, 52–67. 2006 Justinianic plague in Syria and the archaeological evidence, in L.K. Little (ed.), Plague and the end of antiquity: The pandemic of 541–750, Cambridge 87–96. From Shahristan to Medina, in si 102–103, 5–34. The military revolution and the early Islamic state, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds.), Noble ideals and bloody realities: Warfare in the middle ages, Leiden, 197–208. 2007 Al-Jāhiz and the construction of homosexuality at the Abbasid court, in A. Harper and C. Proctor (eds.), Medieval sexuality: A casebook, London, 175– 188. 2008 Inherited cities, in S.K. Jayyusi et al. (eds.), The city in the Islamic world, i, Leiden, 93–113. The Mediterranean frontier: Christianity face to face with Islam, 600–1050, in T.F.X. Noble and J.M.H. Smith (eds.), The Cambridge history of Christianity: Early medieval Christianities, c. 600–c. 1100, iii, Cambridge, 178–196. 2009 Survival of Iranianness, in V.S. Curtis and S. Stewart (eds.), The rise of Islam, New York, 13–29. with K. Burnside, Abbāsid caliphate, in The Oxford encyclopedia of the Islamic world, Oxford Islamic studies online. 2010 The city and the nomad, in R. Irwin (ed.), The new Cambridge history of Islam, iv, Cambridge, 274–289. How to found an Islamic city, in C. Goodson, A.E. Lester, and C. Symes (eds.), Cities, texts and social networks, 400–1500: Experiences and perceptions of medieval urban space, London, 45–63. The coming of Islam to Bukhara, in Y. Suleiman (ed.), Living Islamic history: Studies in honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand, Edinburgh, 77–91. The late ʿAbbāsid pattern, 945–1050, in C.F. Robinson (ed.), The new Cambridge history of Islam, i, Cambridge, 360–394. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access bibliography of hugh n. kennedy xxxiii Syrian elites from Byzantium to Islam: Survival or extinction?, in J. Haldon (ed.), Money, power and politics in early Islamic Syria: A review of current debates, London, 181–198. 2011 Great estates and elite lifestyles in the fertile crescent from Byzantium and Sasanian Iran to Islam, in A. Fuess and J-P. Hartung (eds.), Court cultures in the Muslim world: Seventh to nineteenth centuries, London, 54–79. The ribat in the early Islamic world, in H. Dey and E. Fentress (eds.), Western monasticism ante litteram: The spaces of monastic observance in late antiquity and the early middle ages, Turnhout, 161–175. The feeding of the five hundred thousand: Cities and agriculture in early Islamic Mesopotamia, in Iraq 73, 177–199. 2012 Journey to Mecca: A history, in V. Porter and M.A. Abdel Haleem (eds.), Hajj: Journey to the heart of Islam, Harvard, 68–132. Shayzar: A historical overview, in C. Tonghini (ed.), Shayzar i: The fortification of a citadel, Leiden, 2–25. with J. Haldon, Regional identities and military power: Byzantium and Islam ca. 600–750, in W. Pohl and C. Gantner (eds.), Visions of community in the post-Roman world: The west, Byzantium and the Islamic world, 300–1100, London, 317–353. Caliph, in R.S. Bagnall et al. (eds.), The encyclopedia of ancient history, Wiley online, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah12034. Elite incomes in the early Islamic state, in L.I. Conrad and F.M. Doner (eds.), The articulation of early Islamic state structures, London, 135–150. 2013 Pity and defiance in the poetry of the siege of Baghdad, in H. Kennedy (ed.), Warfare and poetry in the Middle East, New York, 149–165. Revival in the low countries, in J.M. Yeager (ed.), Early evangelicalism: A reader, Oxford, 146–152. 2014 Landholding and law in the early Islamic state, in J. Hudson and A. Rodríguez (eds.), Diverging paths? The shapes of power and institutions in medieval Christendom and Islam, Leiden, 159–181. Introduction to The eclipse of the ʿAbbasid caliphate: Classical writings of the medieval Islamic world, by Ibn Miskawayh, trans. D. Margoliouth, New York. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxxiv bibliography of hugh n. kennedy 2015 The Middle East in Islamic late antiquity, in A. Monson and W. Scheidel (eds.), Fiscal regimes and the political economy of premodern states, Cambridge, 390–403. Introduction, in P. Sijpesteijn and A.T. Schubert (eds.), Documents and the history of the early Islamic world, Leiden, 1–7. 2016 Landed property and government finance in the early ʿAbbasid caliphate, in J. Hudson and S. Crumplin (eds.), The making of Europe: Essays in honour of Robert Bartlett, Leiden, 264–276. 2017 Baghdad as a center of learning and book production, in S. Blair and J. Bloom (eds.), By the pen and what they write: Writing in Islamic art and culture, New Haven, 91–103. The origins of the Aghlabids, in G.D. Anderson, C. Fenwick and M. Rosser-Owen (eds.), The Aghlabids and their neighbors: Art and material culture in ninthcentury North Africa, Leiden, 31–48. 2018 with A. Azad, The coming of Islam to Balkh, in A. Delattre, M. Legendre, and P. Sijpesteijn (eds.), Authority and control in the countryside: From antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (6th–10th century), Leiden, 284– 310. From Polis to Madina: Some reflections thirty years on, in S. Panzram and L. Callegarin (eds.), Entre civitas y Madīna: El mundo de las ciudades en la Península Ibérica y en el norte ee África (Siglos iv–ix), Madrid, 13–20. Frontiers of Islam: An essay on the varieties of frontier interactions, in K. Hebers and K. Wolf (eds.), Southern Italy as contact area and border region during the early Middle Ages: Religious-cultural heterogeneity and competing powers in local, transregional, and universal dimensions, Cologne, 51– 64. Muʾnis al-Muẓaffar: An exceptional eunuch, in A. Höfert, M. Mesley, and S. Tolino (eds.), Celibate and childless men in power, London, 79–91. 2020 The rise and fall of the early ʿAbbāsid political and military elite, in H-L. Hageman and S. Heidemann (eds.), Transregional and regional elites: Connecting the early Islamic empire, Berlin, 99–114. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access bibliography of hugh n. kennedy xxxv 2021 The emergence of new polities in the break-up of the Abbasid caliphate, in R. Kramer and W. Pohl (eds.), Empires and communities in the post-Roman and Islamic world, c. 400–1000ce, Oxford, 14–27. with W. Pohl, Comparative perspectives: Differences between the dissolution of the Abbasid caliphate and the western Roman empire, in R. Kramer and W. Pohl (eds.), Empires and communities in the post-Roman and Islamic world, c. 400–1000ce, Oxford, 64–75. Book Reviews 1977 Review of The classical heritage in Islam, by F. Rosenthal, in The classical review 27, 320. 1981 Review of Conversion to Islam, by L. Nehemia, in ijmes 13, 249–250. Review of Conversion to Islam in the medieval period: An essay in quantitative history, by R.W. Bulliet, in ijmes 13:2, 250–252. Review of The shaping of ʿAbbasid rule, by J. Lassner, in ijmes 13, 367–369. 1982 Review of Frankincense and myrrh: A study of the Arabian incense trade, by N. Groom, in History 67, 276–277. 1983 Review of Mouvements populaires à Bagdad à l’époque ʿAbbasside, ixe–xie siècles, by S. Sabari, in bsoas 46, 347–348. Review of The Muslim discovery of Europe, by B. Lewis, in History 68, 275. Review of The political and social history of Khurasan under Abbasid rule, 747– 820, by E.L. Daniel, in ahr 88, 149–150. The multi-storey tradition, review of Sana: An Arabian Islamic city, by R.B. Serjeant and R. Lewcock (eds.), in Times literary supliment 4188, 734. 1984 Review of Atlas of the Islamic world since 1500, by C.F. Robinson, in History 69, 267–268. Review of Die Chronik des Ibn Ad-Dawādārī. 1. Teil. Kosmographie, by B. Radtke (ed.); Die Chronik des Ibn Ad-Dawādārī. 3. Teil. Der Bericht über den Proph- Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxxvi bibliography of hugh n. kennedy eten und die Rechtgeleiteten Chalifen, by Muhammad as-Saʿīd Gamāl ad-Dīn (ed.), in bsoas 47, 412–413. Review of Islam and the west: The Moriscos, a cultural and social history, by A.G. Chejne, in History 69, 314–315. Instead of the Sassanians, review of Iraq after the Muslim conquest, by M.G. Morony, in Times literary supliment 4249, 999. 1985 Review of St James’s catapult: The life and times of Diego Gelmirez of Santiago de Compostela, by R.A. Fletcher, in History 70, 504–505. 1986 Review of Crusade and mission: European approaches toward the Muslims, by B.Z. Kedar, in History 71, 131–132. 1987 Review of Das Sendschreiben des ʿAbdalḥamīd b. Yaḥyā (Gest, 132/750) an den Kronprinzen ‘Abdallāh b. Marwān ii, by H. Schönig, in jras 2, 318. Review of God’s caliph: Religious authority in the first centuries of Islam, by P. Crone and M. Hinds, in jras 2, 320–321. Review of The history of al-Ṭabarī (Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa’l-mulūk). Vol. 27: The Abbāsid revolution, trans. G. Saliba; Vol. 38: The return of the caliphate to Baghdad, trans. F. Rosenthal, in jras 119, 321–322. Review of Humanism in the renaissance of Islam: The cultural revival during the Buyid age, by J.L. Kraemer, in jras 119, 329–330. 1988 Review of Meccan trade and the rise of Islam, by P. Crone, in Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 22, 54–55. 1989 Review of De l’iqta’ étatique à l’iqta’ militaire. Transition économique et changements sociaux à Baghdad, 247–447 de l’/hégire/861–1055 Ap. J, by H. Abdallah, in The English historical review 104, 450–451. 1990 Review of Christian martyrs in Muslim Spain, by K.B. Wolf, in The journal of ecclesiastical history 41, 335. Review of Damas au viie/xiiie siècle: Vie et structures religieuses d’une métropole islamique, by L. Pouzet, in jras 122, 388–389. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access bibliography of hugh n. kennedy xxxvii Review of The history of al-Ṭabarī (Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa’l-mulūk). Vol. 2: Prophets and patriarchs, trans. W.M. Brinner; Vol. 4: The ancient kingdoms, trans. M. Perlmann, annotations of Iranian names and terms by S. Shaked, in jras 122, 151–152. Review of The history of al-Ṭabarī (Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa’l-mulūk). Vol. 32: The reunification of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate, trans. C.E. Bosworth; Vol. 37: The ʿAbbāsid recovery, trans. P.M. Fields, annotated by J. Lassner, in jras 122, 152–153. 1991 Review of The Arab conquest of Spain, 710–797, by R. Collins, in History 76, 483– 484. Review of Arabic historical thought in the classical period, by T. Khalidi, in bsoas 60, 131–132. Review of The early ʿAbbasid empire, by al-Tabari; The meadows of gold, by Massoudi, in History 76, 482–483. 1992 Review of Early Islam: Collected articles, by M.W. Watt, in jras 2, 435. Review of An early Islamic family from Oman: Al-Awtabi’s account of the Muhallabids, by M. Hinds, in bjmes 19, 202–203. Review of A history of the Arab peoples, by A. Hourani, in jras 2, 434. Review of The rise of humanism in classical Islam and the Christian West with special reference to scholasticism, by G. Makdsis, in jras 2, 272–273. Review of State and society in Fatimid Egypt, by Y. Lev, in Times literary supplement 4659, 24. Review of Tribes, government and history in Yemen, by P. Drescher, in bjmes 19, 218–219. 1993 Review of Abū’l-Ḥusain al-Rāzī (–347/958) Und Seine Schriften: Untersuchungen Zur Frūhen Damaszener Geschitsschreibung, by G. Conrad, in jras 3, 260– 261. Review of al-Majdal ilà taqwīm al-lisān wa-taʿlīm al-bayān, by Ibn Hišām alLajmī, ed. J.P. Lazaro, 2 vols, in jras 3, 262–263. Review of Displaying the Orient: Architecture of Islam at nineteenth-century world’s fairs, by Z. Celik, in ahr 98, 1,573–1,574. Review of The Fatimid vizierate 969–1172, by L.S. al-Imad, in jesho 36, 287–289. Review of Moorish Spain, by R. Fletcher, in History 78, 494–495. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xxxviii bibliography of hugh n. kennedy 1994 Review of A history of Palestine, 634–1099, by M. Gil, in bsoas 57, 233. Review of The Seljuks of Anatolia: Their history and culture according to local Muslim sources, by M.F. Köprülü and G. Leiser, in History 79, 279. In Aleppo once, review of Monuments of Syria: A historical guide, by R. Burns; The arts and crafts of Syria: Collection Antoine Touma and Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, by J. Kalter, M. Pavaloi, and M. Zerrnickel, in Times literary supplement 4738, 28. Obsessed with embroidery, review of The Afghan amulet: Travels from the Hindu Kush to Razgrad, by S. Paine, in Times literary supplement 4740, 27. 1995 Review of The history of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542–3), by C.E. Bosworth, in jras 5, 427–428. Review of The legacy of Muslim Spain, by S.K. Jayyusi, in jras 5, 107–108. Review of A Mediterranean emporium: The Catalan kingdom of Majorca, by D. Abulafia; Byzantium and the Crusader state, 1096–1204, by R-J. Lilie, in History today 45, 56–57. Review of The medieval Spains, by B.F. Reilly, in History 80, 466. with I. el-Sakkout, review of Ansāb al-ashrāf. Vol. 6 B. by Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā b. Jābir al-Balādhurī, ed. K. Athamina, in jras 5, 410–413. 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Rivals to the freedom of the seas, review of The blood-red Arab flag: An investigation into Qasimi piracy, 1791–1820, by C.E. Davies, in Times literary supplement 4979, 25. 1999 Review of Faḍāʾil bayt al-maqdis wa al-khalīl wa-faḍaʾil al-shām, by al-Maqdisī, ed. O. Livne-Kafri, in bsoas 62, 206. Review of The late Christian communities of Palestine, by R. Schick, in Journal of Roman archaeology 12, 813–814. Review of State and provincial society in the Ottoman empire: Mosul, 1540–1834, by D. Khoury, The English historical review 114, 447–448. Review of Syrian Ismailism, by N.A. Mirza, in History 84, 137. 2000 Review of The Arabic literary heritage: The development of its genres and criticism, by R. Allen, in jras 10, 227–228. Review of The theory and the practice of market law in medieval Islam: A study of Kitāb al-niṣāb al-iḥṭisāb of ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Sunāmī, by M.I. Dien, in jras 10, 94–95. 2002 Review of The breaking of a thousand swords: A history of the Turkish military of Samarra (ah200–275/815–889ce), by M.S. Gordon, in jras 12, 189–190. Review of The Crusades: Islamic perspectives, by C. Hillenbrand, in Asian affairs 33, 259. Maaike van Berkel and Letizia Osti - 9789004525245 Downloaded from Brill.com 05/10/2024 03:26:06PM via free access xl bibliography of hugh n. kennedy Review of Empire and elites after the Muslim conquest, by C.F. Robinson, History 97, 392. Review of Le château, by M. Bur, in Speculum 77, 886–887. My neighbour’s sins, review of Commanding right and forbidding wrong in Islamic thought, by M. Cook, in Times literary supplement 5167, 5. 2003 Review of The Crusades from the perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim world, by A. Laiou and R. Mottahedeh (eds.), in Byzantine and modern Greek studies 27, 315–316. Review of The formation of Turkey: The Seljukid sultanate of Rum, eleventh to fourteenth centuries, by C. 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