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2017, Poster Presentations
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expression were assessed and graded on 0-1-2 scale, blinded to histological and clinical data. Solitary AChE staining of the media was not included in the assessment. Results: 24 positive and 44 negative TABs, with corresponding clinical positive and negative GCA diagnosis, were included in this study. We found that 10/24 positive TABs showed high AChE expression (grade 2) and 14/24 showed moderate AChE expression (grade 1). No AChE expression was observed outside the media in negative TABs from non-GCA patients (i.e. grade 0). The AChE expression was in 79% agreement with the degree of histological inflammation with a kappa value of 0.58. Prednisolone treatment for up to 7 days did not suppress the AChE expression. Neither the AChE expression, nor the histological inflammation showed correlation to any clinical or biochemical findings. Conclusions: Our study shows that high to moderate AChE expression was observed in all 24 biopsies from TAB-positive GCA patients and that the AChE expression was in good agreement with the histological inflammation. No nonspecific AChE expression was observed outside the media in any of the 44 TABs from TAB-negative non-GCA patients. This indicates that AChE could play a significant role in the inflammatory process in GCA and may be a potential biomarker in inflammatory diseases such as GCA. References: [1] Luqmani, R., et al., The Role of Ultrasound Compared to Biopsy of Temporal Arteries in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis (TABUL): a diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness study. Health Technol Assess, 2016. 20(90): p. 1-238. [2] Fujii, T., et al., Expression of acetylcholine in lymphocytes and modulation of an independent lymphocytic cholinergic activity by immunological stimulation.
Research Trends, 2020
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common form of granulomatous inflammation of large blood vessels. It can cause irreversible blindness in nearly 20% of untreated cases. It has an incidence of 15-30 per 100,000 persons aged 50 years and over in North American and European countries. GCA is a medical emergency and requires early confirmation of diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Recent development in non-invasive imaging modalities, with higher sensitivities and specificities than temporal artery biopsy (TAB), improved the standard for GCA diagnosis. The recent updates on British Society for Rheumatology guidelines elaborated on the role of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of GCA and use of the guidelines provides a new approach for GCA confirmatory diagnosis. A search was conducted using EMBASE and Medline databases to identify recent published research on the diagnosis of GCA. Only human studies published in English between 2010 to 2020 were considered in this systematic narrative review. This review also summarises the evidence available for non-invasive imaging and recommends an approach combining the recently published algorithm for diagnosis decision making of cranial GCA using scoring system. This review proposes a combined approach to use a clinical diagnostic decision making in suspected cranial GCA and use the scoring system based on the clinical history, examination findings, laboratory results and the imaging results combined to give a score to diagnose GCA from other vasculitides. The approach to investigate a case of GCA needs to be modified and should include newer imaging techniques available and new diagnostic criteria should be used in combination with the rapid access pathways for clinical decision.
Current Rheumatology Reports, 2010
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also called temporal arteritis, is a vasculitis that affects large and middle-sized blood vessels-with predisposition to the involvement of cranial arteries derived from the carotid artery-in individuals older than 50 years of age. Familial aggregation of GCA has been observed. Incidence of GCA is higher in white individuals than those of other ethnicities, particularly those of Scandinavian background. A temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of GCA. Several imaging modalities, in particular ultrasonography, are useful in the diagnosis of GCA. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment in GCA. Alternative, steroidsparing drugs, particularly methotrexate, should be considered in GCA patients with severe corticosteroid-related side effects and/or in those who require prolonged corticosteroid therapy due to relapses of the disease.
Current Opinion Ophthalmol, 2019
Purpose of review To summarize recent advances in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Recent findings Less common manifestations of GCA include corneal edema, proptosis from lacrimal gland ischemia and sensorineuronal hearing loss. Histology studies have suggested that temporal artery biopsies (TAB) with fixed specimen lengths of 15 mm may be adequate to prevent false negative biopsies. In centers with appropriate radiologic expertise, a European rheumatology consensus guideline has proposed Doppler ultrasound as a first-line confirmatory test for GCA in lieu of temporal artery biopsy. Finding extracranial large vessel disease can help to diagnose GCA. Statistical prediction rules can help risk stratify patients with suspected GCA. Age and platelet level when maintained as continuous variables are the strongest predictors for GCA. Summary GCA can present with diverse ophthalmic and systemic presentations and expedient recognition of same can avoid diagnostic delay and possible vision loss, among other complications. TAB remains the conventional diagnostic standard test for GCA. The use of statistical prediction models and increased expertise in noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound may decrease reliance on TAB, especially in patients determined to be at low risk for GCA.
Updates in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vasculitis, 2013
The disease affects, mainly, the large-and medium-sized extracranial branches of the carotid artery and, classical clinical features, such as headache, jaw claudication, scalp tenderness and visual impairment, are closely related to this marked cranial tropism of GCA. [3] On a histopathological basis, GCA involves all layers of the arterial wall, including the adventitia. Inflammatory lesions consist of activated T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. These lesions are believed to be the histopathologic hallmark of GCA and are characterized by a predominance of mononuclear infiltrates or granulomas, usually with multinucleated giant cells. [4] Besides the inflammation of the carotid branches, involvement of the great arteries, such as the aorta and its main tributaries, was initially recognized in the late 1930s and reported sporadically thereafter in necropsy or histopathologic studies of surgically resected tissues. [5,
Autoimmunity Reviews, 2018
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary systemic vasculitis present in subjects older than 50 years with involvement of large and medium sized arteris. Early diagnosis for GCA is essential to prevent serious complications, such as permanent vision loss and/or cerebrovascular events. Elevated inflammatory cytokines, with acute phase and other proteins dominate large-and medium-sized arteries leading to stenosis or occlusion of arterial lumen. To date, there are no reliable serological markers for monitoring GCA. The review aims to provide concise overview of published GCA studies in order to: a) identify significantly changed serological biomarkers in GCA and compare the influences of techniques for marker evaluation and b) investigate most promising markers in GCA using analyte frequency and meta-analysis.
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, 2018
Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) when positive. However, the clinical significance of healed/healing (HH) arterial injury on TAB is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of this finding on TAB by determining its association with seromarkers typically predictive of GCA. Single-centre, retrospective, investigational cohort study. A total of 385 consecutive TABs for clinical suspicion of GCA between January 2009 and January 2016. Elevations in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and platelet count were compared between patients with negative TAB, GCA-positive TAB, and HH arterial injury using statistical trend testing. Odds ratios of seromarker elevations for HH arterial injury versus GCA were calculated. Seventy-six GCA-positive, 69 HH, and 240 negative TABs were identified. Mantel-Haenszel tests of trend indicated that platelets >400 000/µL...
Drugs & Aging, 2008
Rheumatology, 2011
Objective. To evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and relapse in GCA patients longitudinally assessed in a clinical trial of infliximab and glucocorticosteroids.
Gastric cancer (GC) incidence and mortality rates have notably declined across Europe, indicating that GC may become a rarer disease in the future. Between 1988 and 2012, GC incidence rates decreased by 33.2% in Europe overall, with significant declines observed in Central Europe (48.38%), Western Europe (49.28%), and Southern Europe (39.5%). Similarly, agestandardized rates of GC incidence and mortality have decreased by up to 48% and 54.4%, respectively, from 1990 to 2019 in various European regions. This decline is attributed to multifactorial causes including improvements in GC treatment, notably perioperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, and increased H. pylori eradication rates due to better sanitation and socioeconomic conditions. Additionally, dietary changes, reductions in salt intake, and effective tobacco control policies have contributed to the lower GC rates. Europe's progress in food production and preservation, along with these health policy efforts, combined with widely standardized and guideline-based H. pylori elimination strategies, reflects a comprehensive approach to mitigating GC risk.
“Yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah”. Zechariah 14:5.
2024
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