Der Meskalinrausch: Seine Geschichte und Erscheinungsweise

NIDA research monograph, 1978

ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Archeological studies in the United States, Mexico, and Peru suggest that mescaline, as a cactus constituent, has been used for more than 6000 years. Although it is a widespread cactus alkaloid, it is present in high concentrations in few species, notably the North American peyote (Lophophora williamsii) and the South American wachuma (Trichocereus pachanoi, T. peruvianus, and T. bridgesii). Spanish 16th century chroniclers considered these cacti "diabolic", leading to their prohibition, but their use persisted to our days and has been spreading for the last 150 years. In the late 1800s, peyote attracted scientific attention; mescaline was isolated, and its role in the psychedelic effects of peyote tops or "mescal buttons" was demonstrated. Its structure was established by synthesis in 1929, and alternative routes were developed, providing larger amounts for pharmacological and biosynthetic research. Although its effects are attributed mainly to its action as a 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor agonist, mescaline binds in a similar concentration range to 5-HT 1A and α 2A receptors. It is largely excreted unchanged in human urine, and its metabolic products are apparently unrelated to its psychedelic properties. Its low potency is probably responsible for its relative neglect by recreational substance users, as the successful search for structure−activity relationships in the hallucinogen field focused largely on finding more potent analogues. Renewed interest in the possible therapeutic applications of psychedelic drugs may hopefully lead to novel insights regarding the commonalities and differences between the actions of individual classic hallucinogens.

2014

Memetic Science is the name of a new field that deals with the quantitativeanalysis of cultural transfer. The units of cultural transfer are entities called "memes". In a nutshell, memes are to cultural and mental constructs as genesare to biological organisms. Examplesof memesare ideas,tunes, fashions, and virtuallyany culturaland behavioral unit that gets copiedwith a certaindegree of fidelity. It is argued that the under standing of memes is of similar importance and consequence as the understanding of processes involving DNA and RNA in molecular biology.Thispaperpresentsa rigorousfoundation fordiscussion ofmemes and approaches to quantifying relevantaspects of meme genesis, inter action, mutation, growth,deathand spreadingprocesses. It is also argued inthispaper that recombinant memetics is possible incomplete analogy to recombinant DNA / genetic engineering. Special attention is paid to memes in written modern English.

Advanced Materials, 2019

Pondicherry Inscriptions. Part II. Translation, Appendices, Glossary and Phrases by Dr. G. Vijayavenugopal, pp. v-xlvii. Pondicherry : Institut français de Pondichéry & École française d’Extrême-Orient (Indologie; 83.2)., 2010

Kurz vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg entwickelte sich in Österreich eine Altmexikanistik, die schwerpunktmäßig astronomisch und kalendarisch ausgerichtet war. Die Grundlagen dazu schuf Damian Kreichgauer, der als Physiker zunächst Assistent bei Hermann von Helmholtz in Berlin-Charlottenburg war, dann aber dem Steyler Missionsorden beitrat und ein enger Mitarbeiter Pater Wilhelm Schmidts in St. Gabriel bei Mödling wurde. Kreichgauer verknüpfte seine mathematischen Kenntnisse mit der diffusionistisch ausgerichteten „Kulturkreislehre“, die er auf die präkolumbischen Kulturen anwandte. Seine Studien ab 1910 führten ihn zum Ergebnis, dass die überlieferten altmexikanischen Bilderhandschriften hochkomplexes astronomisches Wissen enthalten, das von einer Priesterelite „chiffriert“ von der Alten Welt auf den amerikanischen Kontinent übertragen wurde. Dieser These schloss sich Fritz Röck an, der als Direktor des Museums für Völkerkunde in Wien, die altamerikanischen Kalendersysteme altorientalistischen Ursprungs deutete. Röck war allerdings kein Anhänger des „Pan-Babylonismus“, sondern vertrat einen „arisch“ geprägten „Pan-Elamismus“.

Drug Testing and Analysis, 2017

This article describes the context in which 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other mescaline-like compounds were explored as hallucinogens for military and intelligence purposes from the 1940s to the 1960s. Germans first tested mescaline as a "truth drug" in a military context. In the 1940s, the United States military started testing hallucinogenic substances as truth drugs for interrogation and behavior manipulation. After tests carried out using mescaline and other drugs in 1950, some derivatives of mescaline were synthesized by the Army for the exploration of possible "speech-inducing" effects. After insufficient animal testing, the substances were given to patients at the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI). 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Nethylamphetamine (MDE), a compound almost identical to MDMA, was among the compounds delivered for testing at the NYSPI. During tests with other derivatives (3,4dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), MDA) in 1952-53, an unwitting patient died in these tests, which was kept secret from the public. Research was interrupted and toxicological animal testing procedures were initiated. The secret animal studies run in 1953/1954 revealed that some of the "mescaline derivatives" tested (e.g. MDA, MDE, DMA, 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), MDMA) were considered for further testing in humans. In 1955, the military changed focus to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), but some interest in mescaline-like compounds remained for their ability to change mood and habit without interfering with cognition and sensory perception. Based on the known documents, it remains unclear (but probable) whether any of the mescaline derivatives tested were being used operationally.

Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes 92, 2002

Tablets of doubtfül origin: 32 and 337. (3) List of published tablets: T. 182 = BIN 5, 189; T. 300 = de Genouillac, TD 5524, iden 316 = MVN 5, 95 ; T. 345 = MVN 8, 231 ; T. 362 = MV MVN 5,96; T. 415 = AAICAB1-1, Ashm 1911-489; T. 48 793 = BIN 3, 100; T. 884 = de Genouillac, TCL 5, 6039, ide 900 = Gomi, HCT \1Ί\ T. 913 = MVN 5, 115; T. 1002 = YO = MVN 5, 120 = Fish, CST 401; T. 1298 = MVN 16, 1333; T 58 = Sigrist. Ontario, I, 173 = CST454; T. 1921 = MVN 13,