Papers by Rafael Hernández González
Vet. Méx, 2000
In order to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic use as rodent control, an experiment on Wistar rats... more In order to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic use as rodent control, an experiment on Wistar rats under laboratory conditions was performed. Animals were divided in control-and experimental groups. The experimental group was exposed to a constant action of a device generator of ultrasonic waves during 12 weeks. The effect on reproductive performance of Wistar rats was evaluated through number of days from mate up to birth, number of alive pups at birth-and weaning age. In addition, effect of ultrasonic waves on younger ones, growth and development were also evaluated. Weekly weight gain was used as an indicator for the control-and experimental groups (P>0.05), hence it can be concluded that ultrasonic waves generated by this specific device does not affect breeding performance and weight gain. Therefore, it seems not recommendable the use of such kind of devices as a control method against rodents.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2010
To determine effects of 2 doses of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripart... more To determine effects of 2 doses of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia. 180 neonatal pigs. Neonatal pigs were assigned to 2 groups (groups P and F) on the basis of results for a vitality scale (passed or failed, respectively). Within each group, there were 3 subgroups of 30 pigs each. Within each group, the 3 subgroups received a placebo that consisted of an empty gelatin capsule, a gelatin capsule that contained 20 mg of caffeine, and a gelatin capsule that contained 35 mg of caffeine, respectively; all capsules were administered orally (0 hours). Blood samples were collected immediately before and 24 hours after capsule administration. Pigs in groups P and F that received 20 or 35 mg of caffeine had significant increases in triglyceride concentrations. All pigs in groups P and F had a significant decrease in lactate concentrations, although the placebo-treated pigs in group F had larger decreases than did the group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine. Glucose concentrations increased significantly in group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine (30% and 50%, respectively), whereas glucose concentrations remained unchanged in group P pigs. In pigs treated with 35 mg of caffeine, the final weight obtained for group F was approximately 8% lower than that obtained for group P. Administering caffeine immediately after birth to neonatal pigs with severe oxygen restriction resulted in significant improvements in metabolic variables.
Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Veterinaria Mexico
Efecto de la aplicación de oxitocina en variables críticas sanguíneas de cerdas distócicas Effect... more Efecto de la aplicación de oxitocina en variables críticas sanguíneas de cerdas distócicas Effects of oxytocin on critical blood variables from dystocic sows Recibido el 13 de marzo de 2008 y aceptado el 5 de enero de 2009.
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne
Sixty hybrid Yorkshire-Landrace penned sows, 30 with eutocic farrowing and 30 experiencing a dyst... more Sixty hybrid Yorkshire-Landrace penned sows, 30 with eutocic farrowing and 30 experiencing a dystocic parturition, were studied to evaluate the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to low doses of oxytocin administered at advanced stages of parturition. Animals in each group were randomly subdivided into 2 subgroups: 15 eutocic and 15 dystocic sows received oxytocin 0.083 IU/kg (equivalent to 1 IU/12 kg body weight), administered intramuscularly after the delivery of the 5th piglet; the other 15 eutocic and 15 dystocic sows received saline solution intramuscularly at the same time. Oxytocin decreased the number of intrapartum deaths by approximately 50% (P = 0.002). No piglet was born dead from the saline-and oxytocin-treated eutocic sows. The highest viability score was observed among piglets born to eutocic sows treated with oxytocin. In summary, this dose schedule would help to decrease the number of stillbirths in both eutocic and dystocic farrowing sows. Résumé-Résultats obstétriques et foetaux chez les truies avec dystocie et eutocie après une injection d'oxytocine exogène durant la mise bas. Soixante truies d'élevage hybrides Yorkshire-Landrace, 30 présentant une mise bas avec eutocie et 30 qui ont eu une parturition avec dystocie, ont été étudiées pour évaluer les résultats obstétriques et néonataux après l'administration de faibles doses d'oxytocine à des stades avancés de la parturition. Les animaux de chaque groupe ont été répartis au hasard dans 2 groupes : 15 truies de chaque groupe ont reçu 0,083 UI/kg d'oxytocine (équivalent à 1 UI/12 kg de poids corporel), qui a été administrée par voie intramusculaire après la naissance du cinquième porcelet; les 15 autres truies de chaque groupe ont reçu une solution saline par voie intramusculaire au même moment. L'oxytocine a réduit le nombre de morts pendant la parturition d'environ 50 % (P = 0,002). Aucun porcelet n'a été mort-né chez les truies avec eutocie traitées à la solution saline et à l'oxytocine. Le taux de viabilité le plus élevé a été observé parmi les porcelets nés de truies avec eutocie qui avaient été traitées à l'oxytocine. En résumé, cette posologie aiderait à réduire le nombre de mortinatalités lors de la mise bas des truies atteintes d'eutocie et de dystocie.
Veterinaria Mexico
The aim of the study was to monitor the sow maternal response to a low oxitocin dose in an advanc... more The aim of the study was to monitor the sow maternal response to a low oxitocin dose in an advanced parturition stage in eutocic and maternalfoetal dystocia. Sixty York x Landrace sows, 30 with eutocic farrowing and 30 with maternalfoetal dystocia were assigned into two different groups: 15 received 0.083 IU/kg of oxytocin after the expulsion of the fifth piglet, and 15 received no treatment at all. Blood samples from every sow in trial were taken from the ear vein at three different times: immediately after membrane rupture, after the fifth piglet was born, and at the end of the farrowing. A third generation blood gas analyzer was used. Results show that when parturition was resumed, sows with maternalfoetal dystocia had significantly greater lactate, pCO2 and ear temperature (P < 0.001), compared with the eutocic sow group. Results from physiological variables and neonatal traits monitored in this experiment show evidence that oxytocin should not be used in normal parturitio...
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 2009
Sixty hybrid Yorkshire-Landrace penned sows, 30 with eutocic farrowing and 30 experiencing a dyst... more Sixty hybrid Yorkshire-Landrace penned sows, 30 with eutocic farrowing and 30 experiencing a dystocic parturition, were studied to evaluate the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to low doses of oxytocin administered at advanced stages of parturition. Animals in each group were randomly subdivided into 2 subgroups: 15 eutocic and 15 dystocic sows received oxytocin 0.083 IU/kg (equivalent to 1 IU/12 kg body weight), administered intramuscularly after the delivery of the 5th piglet; the other 15 eutocic and 15 dystocic sows received saline solution intramuscularly at the same time. Oxytocin decreased the number of intrapartum deaths by approximately 50% (P = 0.002). No piglet was born dead from the saline- and oxytocin-treated eutocic sows. The highest viability score was observed among piglets born to eutocic sows treated with oxytocin. In summary, this dose schedule would help to decrease the number of stillbirths in both eutocic and dystocic farrowing sows.
Veterinary Research, 2008
A DNA vaccine against rabies (pGQH) was administrated to cats in order to examine different admin... more A DNA vaccine against rabies (pGQH) was administrated to cats in order to examine different administration routes. Four groups of three cats each were inoculated with pGQH as follows: group A, intramuscularly (IM), 100 µg; group B, intranasally (IN), 100 µg; group C, intradermally into ear pinnae (ID-EP), 100 µg, and group D, IM, 200 µL of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) alone (control group). Blood was drawn on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Groups A, B, and C received a booster on day 30. At day 200 all animals were challenged. A passive transfer of cat sera, as well as a viral challenge, was performed in mice. The results displayed that neutralizing antibody titers were higher in cats of group C (ID-EP) showing high early titers (> 2 IU) and the highest titer was on day 120 (> 14 IU). In group B (IN), two out of three cats seroconverted on day 30 (> 0.5 IU), the third cat seroconverted until day 60 (> 0.5 IU). In contrast, the lowest levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in group A (IM). The control group showed no anti-rabies antibodies. Groups A (IM) and D (control) succumbed after lethal challenge. All animals from the ID-EP group (C) survived, only one individual from the IN (B) group died. Mice that received cat sera from ID-EP, IM, and IN groups survived and were protected (30/30 survivors). Mice groups that received pre-immunization sera from cats were not protected (0/30 survivors). This study demonstrates that pGQH immunization was successful when it was administrated ID-EP, and acceptable through the IN route. The IM route, however, was not effective in cats. For vaccination, the IN route seems attractive due to its accessibility for application, but it seems to activate seroconversion slowly. The best route to promote anti-rabies antibody titers was the ID-EP route. This practical and efficient route should be further studied. rabies / DNA vaccine / intradermal into ear pinna / intranasal / cats
Vaccine, 2008
We tested two post-exposure prophylaxes (PEPs) for rabies in laboratory animals; one was a tradit... more We tested two post-exposure prophylaxes (PEPs) for rabies in laboratory animals; one was a traditional antirabies vaccine for humans via intramuscular route (IM), and the other was a DNA vaccine administered by intranasal route (IN). In contrast to The World Health Organization&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s recommended five-dose PEP, we gave only four doses without hyper-immune antirabies sera, making the PEP more rigorous. All animals were challenged with challenge virus strain (CVS); 16h later, PEP was applied. All animals that received the PEP with DNA/IN survived, and 87% of the rabbits and 80% of the mice that received the PEP with traditional antirabies vaccine/IM survived. Negative controls succumbed to infection. The expression of G protein was detected in the NALT, cerebellum, cerebral cortex (neocortex), cerebellum and hippocampus, mainly in the glial cells (microglia) and microvessels. On the other hand, plasmid construct was detected in brain and its mRNA expression in medium and posterior encephalon. The efficiency of this DNA/IN PEP is probably due to the early expression of the antigen in the brain stimulating the immune system locally.
Journal of Endocrinology, 2006
This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of recombinant porcine somatotropin (r... more This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) late in gestation is associated with increased rates of obstetric and neonatal complications in primiparous sows. From days 80 to 114 of gestational age, 20 primiparous sows were randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular injection of either saline or 6 mg rpST/day. Throughout pregnancy, sows were fed 2.5 to 3 kg/day of a corn-soybean diet (14 MJ ME/kg). Of 111 piglets born to control sows and 109 piglets born to treated sows, 8.1% and 17.4% piglets respectively died intrapartum (P=0.04). Glucose blood levels in sows and live-born piglets in the rpST-treated group were significantly higher than in their corresponding controls. Birth weight of live-born piglets in the treated group was 1.4 ± 0.1 kg versus 1.3 ± 0.1 kg in the control group (P<0.0001). Birth weight of piglets born dead was also higher in the former than in the latter group (P<0.0001). No evidence of teratogeni...
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2011
In the present study, we aimed to extend the characterization of the proposed naturalistic experi... more In the present study, we aimed to extend the characterization of the proposed naturalistic experimental model of piglets born with hypoxia by assessing the relationship between birth weight, intra partum asphyxia and gross indicators of neurophysiological alterations in newborn piglets. Three groups of 50 piglets each were classified according to their birth weight into normal (1000-1350 g), low (below 1000 g), and high (over 1350 g). In comparison to piglets within normal weight, those born with high birth weights showed acid-base imbalance as reflected by lower pH levels (7.03±0.01), hypercapnia (88.50±13.20 mmHg), and lactic acidosis (lactate levels: 89.40±26.30). These piglets had lower viability scores (5.40±0.60) and longer periods of time to contact the udder (52.30±8.30) than piglets with normal birth weight. In conclusion, data show that piglets with birth weight over 1350 g are at a higher risk of gross neurophysiological deficits, probably secondary to neonatal hypoxia.
… de Investigación en …, 2008
Palabras clave descriptor Evaluación educativa, eficacia escolar, universidades, indicadores educ... more Palabras clave descriptor Evaluación educativa, eficacia escolar, universidades, indicadores educativos, calidad de la educación.
Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2013
Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in modulating the immune response. In B cells, PRL enhanc... more Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in modulating the immune response. In B cells, PRL enhances antibody production, including antibodies with self-specificity. In this study, our aims were to determine the level of PRL receptor expression during bone-marrow B-cell development and to assess whether the presence of high PRL serum concentrations influences absolute numbers of developing populations and disease outcome in lupus-prone murine models. We observed that the PRL-receptor is expressed in early bone-marrow B-cell; the expression in lupus-prone mice, which had the highest level of expression in pro-B cells and immature cells, differed from that in wild-type mice. These expression levels did not significantly change in response to hyperprolactinemia; however, populations of pro-B and immature cells from lupus-prone strains showed a decrease in the absolute numbers of cells with high PRL-receptor expression in response to PRL. Because immature self-reactive B cells are consta...
BMC Immunology, 2012
Background Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs, as well as by cells s... more Background Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes. Prolactin has an immunostimulatory effect and is associated with autoimmune diseases that are characterised by abnormal B cell activation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to determine if different splenic B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor and if the presence of prolactin influences these B cell subsets and correlates with development of lupus. Results Using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found that different subsets of immature (transitional) and mature (follicular, marginal zone) B cells express different levels of the prolactin receptor and are differentially affected by hyperprolactinaemia. We found that transitional B cells express the prolactin receptor at higher levels compared to mature B cells in C57BL/6 mice and the lupus-prone MRL/lpr and MRL mouse strains. Transitional-1 (T1) B cells showed a higher level of prolact...
Archives of Medical Research, 2011
Background and Aims. DNA vaccination has a great potential to decrease infectious diseases worldw... more Background and Aims. DNA vaccination has a great potential to decrease infectious diseases worldwide, such as rabies. Here we showed the effects of a single anti-rabies DNA vaccination applied intranasally (IN) on plasmid survival time, neutralizing antibody (NA) titers, G-protein expression and Th1/Th2-related cytokines. Methods. Only one 50-mg dose of an anti-rabies DNA vaccine was IN administered to 160 Balb/c mice. Twenty mice were used for the neutralizing antibody study, 35 for the proliferation assay, 35 for Th1/Th2-related cytokines, 35 for glycoprotein expression by immunocytochemistry, and 35 for pGQH detection and G-protein mRNA expression. Results. Th1-type related cytokines from spleen cells (IFN-g, TNF-a, and IL-2) were detected. Rabies NA titers were $0.6 IUs from day 30 onward in the IN DNAvaccinated group. The plasmid was identified in brains and lungs from days 3e15. The mRNA transcript was amplified in brains and lungs from days 3e30, and G-protein expression was observed in spleens, brains and lungs on days 3, 8, and 15. In all cases, a gradual decrease was observed on days 30 and 45 and absent on day 60. Conclusions. We found that Th1-type related cytokines (IL-2, IFN-g, and TNF-a) were stimulated during the first month after DNA vaccination, correlating with the proliferation assays. Also, it was associated with the plasmid survival time remaining in lungs and brains prior to its degradation.
Archives of Medical Research, 2003
Background. Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is caused by the lentivirus caprine arthritis-en... more Background. Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is caused by the lentivirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), a member of the Retroviridae family that also includes the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serum of CAEV-infected goats cross-reacts with HIV-1 antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. We attempted to identify the proteins responsible for this cross-reactivity. Methods. Fifty selected human sera (30 positive, 10 negative, and 10 indeterminate to HIV-1 by Western blot) and 50 selected goat sera (33 positive and 17 negative to CAEV by ELISA) were evaluated. Human and goat sera were tested by Western blot against HIV-1 and CAEV antigens. Results. Cross-reactivity between surface glycoproteins gp120 (HIV-1) and gp135 (CAEV) was specific. Positive reaction of human sera to CAEV gp135 was more intense than that of goat sera to HIV-1 gp120. Surface glycoprotein sequences of the two viruses were compared by Lasergeneă software (Dynex Technologies, Inc., Chantilly, VA, USA). Three homologous regions were identified: the first in the internal domain of gp120; the second in the β3 loop, and still another-with the greatest homology-in a short sequence of the proximal region of the external domain of gp120 between loops β4 and β8. Conclusions. Surface glycoproteins of HIV-1 and CAEV share structural regions essential for viral adsorption and for induction of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, human contact with CAEV eventually could be a possible source of HIV-1 false positive reactions and must be considered in the interpretation of HIV serologic results. Ć 2003 IMSS.
Archives of Medical Research, 2009
Background. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus belonging to the lentivir... more Background. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus belonging to the lentivirus genus that also includes the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CAEV may be transmitted to humans by goat milk consumption. It has been suggested that CAEV may also be involved in the immunological protection process against HIV, but this has not been demonstrated. Here we identified serological reactivity against CAEV gp135 in children who consumed goat milk. Methods. Thirty sera samples from children (males between 6 and 16 years of age) who regularly consumed goat milk and a negative control of 30 serum samples from children (males between 6 and 12 years) with no previous contact with goats or goat dairy products were used. All sera were tested by Western blot against CAEV antigens. Results. There were 18/30 serum samples from goat milk consumers that were reactive to CAEV gp135, and one reacted against gp50 simultaneously; none of the 30 serum samples from nonconsumers of goat dairy products reacted to viral proteins. Conclusions. These results showed that the positive response to gp135 may be the result of a repetitive stimulation without viral replication or the result of CAEV replication in humans. CAEV gp135 is codified by the env gene located on the viral particle surface as well as gp50. Moreover, there are similarities between CAEV gp135 and HIV-1 gp120, so there is a possibility that CAEV replicates in humans and may participate in immunological cross-phenomena, but this should be further studied. Ó 2009 IMSS.
Vet. Méx, 2003
Detección de anticuerpos contra artritis encefalitis caprina (AEC) mediante inmunoelectrotransfer... more Detección de anticuerpos contra artritis encefalitis caprina (AEC) mediante inmunoelectrotransferencia Immunoelectrotransference detection of antibodies against caprine artritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)
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Papers by Rafael Hernández González