Cyber Laws for Preventing Cyber Crimes Against Women in Canada

Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, 2012

This chapter deals with the legal regulations that protect Australian women in cyber space. Various issues that are discussed in this chapter are: Cyber harassments including hacking and hacking related offences against women and regulatory provisions, Stalking women and the concerned laws, Harassments, threatening, blackmailing, defamation and related laws. Legal approach to problems of ‘forced pornography’, obscenity and the Liability of the ISPs as per the Australian laws are also discussed. The chapter ends with a discussion. In this chapter as strong emphasis is made on the need for new laws that will protect Australian women in cyber space as a serious lacuna is found in this issue.

SUMMARY This research work and survey was conducted by Mongolian Cyber Incident Response Team (MonCIRT) and examines the issue of gender problem in cybercrime provisions of Criminal Code through a new perspective and its implication on women in Mongolia, with support of ICTPA of Mongolia and CRC of Mongolia. The focus of this survey was catalysed by issues and questions raised by cyber violence against women in Internet environment and their potential impact on women's communication rights. Firstly we defined the background to the study, the problem, objectives, scope, importance of the study, developed research questions, literature review, conceptual framework, review of past studies. We also developed our research design and methodology and timeline, defined target population. During research we defined cyber violence and cybercrime against women, tools of perpetration, characteristics of perpetrators and the victims, typology of stalkers, stalkers motivation, prevalence of perpetration and distribution of cyber stalkers. We answered on question DOES CYBER CRIME AFFECT WOMEN DIFFERENTLY? Defined How does Cyber Crime Affect Women? Is these issues regulated in legislations, particularly in Criminal Law? In the end of research we answered on question WHAT ARE THE CURRENT MEASURES AND GAPS (TECHNOLOGICAL, LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL) TO ADDRESS CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN Finally we made critical review of major issues, data analysis and recommendations. MonCIRT researchers probed on new analytical frameworks of violence against women taking into account cyber violence and the challenges and dilemmas women activists confront as they struggle to address this relatively new dimension of gender injustice. Our researchers conducted questionnaire among active women users of Internet and spoke with few women activists who are at the forefront of advocacy on violence against women at the national and international levels. The different forms of online violence against women should be covered by criminal legislation to provide adequate protection and redress. However, laws are not enough. There is also a need for education, prevention, the development of defense mechanisms and a legal system that is capable of addressing these issues without subjecting the victims to further victimization. During our survey we investigated the issue with many questions: What is meant by " cybercrime " ? How can this affect women as users and developers of the internet, e-mail, cell phones and other information and communication technologies (ICT)? Can cybercrime restrict the exercise of individual rights to privacy, freedom of expression and civil liberties? Can the rhetoric of fighting cybercrimes in effect be used to restrict the exercise of women's communication rights? How can the issue of cybercrimes be analyzed from a feminist perspective? Is this issue currently part of the women's movement's agenda? How the criminalization of online sexual expression and practices affect the sexual rights of women? Often when we talk about cybercrimes, the first thing that comes to mind-and that is stamped on many laws-are crimes such as fraud, theft of credit card numbers and hacking. Cybercrimes are generally classified into three categories: crimes against persons (such as cyber harassment); crimes against property (such as credit card theft); and crimes against governments (by electronic means used to serve the "terrorism"). Women respondents have reported cases of e-mail harassment, "flaming" (online verbal abuse), cyber-stalking, online prostitution and pornogrpahy. Women and particularly girls are targeted for cybercrime because of their vulnerability. There is a new level of cultural violence against women that is becoming more prominent because of cybercrime.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW, 2024

This book revolves around the concept of Cybercrime with special emphasis upon victimization of the women. The book has been forwarded by Susan W. Brenner NCR Distinguished Professor of Law and Technology University of Dayton School of Law, Dayton, Ohio, USA. It is crafted especially for the women population as there is enormous unequal proportion between men and women when it comes to cybercrimes. Secondly, the impact of victimization is felt more by the women as compared to men. Thirdly, new cybercrimes have come into existence where women are the main victim and fourthly, there has been a paradigm shift in emergence of private policing by the NGOs such as Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), Centre for Cyber Victim Counselling, etc.

While women benefit from using new digital and Internet technologies for self-expression, networking, and professional activities, cyber victimization remains an underexplored barrier to their participation. Women often outnumber men in surveys on cyber victimization. Cyber Crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights and Regulations is a unique and important contribution to the literature on cyber crime. It explores gendered dimensions of cyber crimes like adult bullying, cyber stalking, hacking, defamation, morphed pornographic images, and electronic blackmailing. These and other tactics designed to inflict intimidation, control, and other harms are frequently committed by perpetrators who, for many reasons, are unlikely to be identified or punished. Scholars, researchers, law makers, and ordinary women and their supporters will gain a better understanding of cyber victimization and discover how to improve responses to cyber crimes against women.

Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, 2012

US, is one country, which started the evolution of the Internet and also the first to be affected and the first to retaliate to the ugly side of the Internet, the cyber crimes. US saw a sea of growth in the cyber crimes against women and created new laws to mitigate such crime and prevent future victimization. In this chapter, we discuss about various laws developed by the US to prevent cyber victimization of women as well as conventional laws that were applied to protect women in cyber space. Regulation of crimes in cyber space such as cyber bullying, cyber stalking are examined in detail. The issue of privacy in cyber space vis-à-vis the laws related to that are identified and analyzed.

European Journal of Social Sciences, 2018

Crimes against women are constantly changing, especially with the emergence of electronic means to express them. Thus, violence against women using electronic means, has become a phenomenon with multifaceted manifestations and causes also multiple, it must be measured in all its aspects to combat it effectively. Of course, violence also takes place in the context of a relationship of power and domination, which explains why electronic violence predominates over female violence, which remains largely contained. This violence can be psychological, it consists in denigrating, humiliating, degrading the woman in her human value. It is manifested by verbal attacks, insults, threats, pressure, blackmail, control of activities, isolation of relatives, friends and the outside world. Also, verbal abuse in electronic form, which is the constant repetition of insulting words or insults to a woman. In mistreating the woman, the person behind the screen hurts her as much as if she hit her, because the woman in this case loses self-esteem. Verbal abuse can lead to a range of behavioral, emotional and physical problems. Violence in this context results in the use of hurtful or humiliating words, such as naming a person who is ridiculous, insulting the woman, making racist comments or incessant teasing. In addition to general harassment and sexual harassment more specifically, who may be subject to violence against women, by electronic means. The problem concerns the legal qualification of this kind of violence, what the old texts are enough, then they apply automatically; or the new texts are needed.

Kashmir Journal of Legal Studies UGC CARE Listed Journal , ISSN 2250-2084, 2023

India in the last two decades has seen a magnificent technological growth especially after the advent of the Internet. There is higher dependency of the people towards the cyber world for completion of day-today tasks. However, every aspect has its negative side as well, which is the sexual cybercrime particularly referring to the women. In the era of cyber socialisation, there are plethora of sexual cybercrimes committed against women i.e., cyberstalking, revenge porn, cyber defamation, morphing, etc. The cyber criminals adopt new modes and mechanisms to attack the victims as computers and laptops have become an essence of an individual's life thereby making women an easy target. However, to prevent this, the role of the Information Technology Act, 2000 comes into play. But the question arises, till what extent this law is sufficient to curb the menace of sexual crimes against women in the cyberspace. There are various reasons of growth of such crimes such as fear of reputation and hesitation to report the incident (sociological reason), lacunas within the IT Act,2000, non-implementation of laws (legal reason), improper technology to track the cybercriminals due to her anonymity (technical reason). The researchers also seek to analyse the technological and legal gap to protect the rights of women. It is an emerging area of criminality which needs to be addressed, analysed, and solved.

Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 2018

Academia Mental Health and Well-Being, 2024

Objectives: This study examines attitudes consisting of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours (T-F-B) chains experienced in imagination by physicians before and during seeking treatment as a patient, and before and during treating another physician as a patient. Methods: Ninety-six physicians, from three countries, completed a questionnaire about their imagined attitudes in four situations: "before and during your visit to a physician as a patient" and "before and during a visit to you, as a physician, by another physician in the capacity of a patient". These questionnaires were retrolectively qualitatively analysed. Results: All four situations evoked negative and/or stressful reaction chains of T-F-B. Some of these chains were related to the situation in which two physicians meet, such as shame in asking for medical care from another physician and fear of failing as a consulting physician. Conclusion: There are specific barriers to physicians seeking treatment from and providing treatment to other physicians, especially shame on both sides. Aspiring physicians can learn what it means to ask for medical treatment as a physician, it can make them less anxious or insecure, and they can develop more compassion for their patients. The physician-to-physician healthcare barriers - a phenomenological qualitative study

This essay reconsiders Dietrich Bonhoeffer's idea, hope may be a more accurate term, of a religionless Christianity. Karl Barth was, of course, the first to use the phrase religionless Christianity, although he eventually dropped the term as an impossibility. Despite the liabilities of religion, he said, we cannot and should not be religionless "because we are not truly godless." 1 By religion Barth and Bonhoeffer both had in mind faith as understood in Europe since the Enlightenment-faith as "belief in God and the doctrines and teachings of the church. The concepts of Christianity, Bonhoeffer thought, must, therefore, be interpreted for modern religionless men and women in a new non-religious way. Bonhoeffer, unlike Barth, never explicitly defined religion like this, but his agreement with Barth's critique of religion would certainly imply it. 2 Unlike Barth, however, Bonhoeffer left nothing showing he ever